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Correct Answers for European Exploration and Colonization Study Guide
|1. What did exploration and colonization initiate or begin? |1. worldwide commercial expansion or trade |
|2. What products were exchanged between the Americas and Europe? |2. agricultural products |
|3. To what ideas did European colonization in the Americas | |
|eventually lead? |3. ideas of representative government and religious toleration |
| |that were later copied in other parts of the world |
|4. What does religious toleration mean? |4. that one accepts another person’s religion, even though it is |
| |different |
|5. What factors shaped regional economic differences in the |5. climate, soil conditions, and other natural resources |
|American colonies? |6. Africans |
|6. What large group of immigrants to the New World came | |
|involuntarily? |7. They were seeking freedom from religious persecution in |
|7. Why did the Puritans settle New England? |Europe. |
|8. Define the term Puritans. |8. Englishmen who believed the Anglican Church should purify or |
| |cleanse itself by abandoning its ritual and ceremony. |
| |9. Church of England |
|9. What was another name for the Anglican Church? | |
|10. Who were the Pilgrims? |10. a group of extreme Puritans |
|11. Where did the Pilgrims settle? |11. Plymouth, Massachusetts |
|12. What is a covenant? |12. a promise or agreement |
|13. What was the Mayflower Compact? |13. an agreement signed by the male passengers on the Mayflower |
| |to respect laws agreed upon for the general good of the colony |
| |14. Puritans |
| | |
|14. Who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony? |15. the town |
|15. What basic unit of settlement was used by Puritan church | |
|congregations in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? | |
|16. What is the historical significance of the Puritan town |16. In these town meetings the Puritans practiced a form of |
|meetings? |direct democracy. |
|17. Explain how direct democracy worked at New England town |17. Each member of the Puritan church could vote at town meetings|
|meetings. |and thereby participate directly in making the laws for that |
| |town. In other words, each Puritan church member helped make the|
| |laws for their town. |
| |18. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island |
| |19. direct democracy in ancient Athens; the “Athenian” direct |
|18. Name the four New England colonies. |democracy model |
| |20. religious freedom and economic opportunity |
|19. What ancient model did New England town meetings follow? |21. English, Dutch, and Germans |
|20. What were the two major reasons why the Puritans settled in | |
|New England? |22) religious freedom and economic opportunity |
|21. What European groups chiefly settled the Middle Atlantic |23. economic opportunity |
|region? | |
|22. Why did European immigrants settle in the Middle Atlantic | |
|region? |24. English nobility, who received large land grants in eastern |
|23. What served as the major reason for the settlement of |Virginia from the King of England |
|Virginia and the other Southern colonies? |25. Small farmers or artisans; they settled in the Shenandoah |
|24. Who were the Virginia “cavaliers”? |Valley or western Virginia |
| |26. skilled craftsmen |
| |27. people who agreed to work for a master for a fixed period of |
|25. What was the occupation of many poor English immigrants to |time in order to pay for passage to the New World |
|Virginia and in what part of the colony did many of them settle? |28. poor people from England, Scotland, and Ireland |
|26. Define the term artisans. |29. Jamestown; 1607 |
|27. Define the term indentured servant. | |
| | |
| |30. Virginia’s lawmaking body; it was the first elected assembly |
|28. Who were these indentured servants and from where did they |in the New World |
|often come? |31. the General Assembly |
|29. What was the first permanent English settlement in North | |
|America, and when was it settled? | |
|30. What was the Virginia House of Burgesses, and why was it |32. the Caribbean, Central America, and South America |
|important? | |
|31. What has been the name of Virginia’s lawmaking body, since |33. 1) Violent conflicts, 2) Indians lost their land, 3) Indians |
|independence from Great Britain? |died of European diseases like smallpox |
|32. What regions of the Western Hemisphere did the Spanish |34. Canada |
|explore and settle? | |
|33. How did European colonization affect the American Indians? |35. 1) no large-scale immigration from France, 2) French had |
| |better relations with the Indians |
|34. What region of the Western Hemisphere did the French explore?|36. African slavery |
|35. How did the effects of French exploration differ from those | |
|of English exploration? | |
|36. What institution was introduced into the New World as a | |
|result of the agricultural economy which developed in the | |
|Southern colonies and the Caribbean Sea? |37. Europeans forced millions of Africans to come to the Americas|
|37. What was the result of European introduction of African |against their will. |
|slavery in the New World? | |
|38. What were the three regions of English settlement along the |38. 1) New England colonies, 2) the middle colonies, 3) the |
|Atlantic coast? |Southern colonies |
|39. What formed the economic basis of colonial New England? |39. shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence |
| |farming, and eventually, manufacturing |
|40. Define subsistence farming. |40. growing only enough food to feed one’s family |
| |41. Puritans’ strong belief in hard work and thrift |
|41. What Puritan values were reflected in the prosperity of the | |
|New England colonies? |42. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware |
|42. Name the middle colonies. |43. shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading |
| |44. New York and Philadelphia |
|43. What formed the basis of the middle colonies’ economy? | |
|44. What two cities in the middle colonies began to grow as | |
|seaports and commercial (trade) centers? |45. large plantations that grew cash crops (tobacco, rice, and |
|45. What was the basis of the economies in the eastern coastal |indigo) for export to Europe |
|lowlands of Virginia and the other Southern colonies? |46. Tidewater |
|46. What are Virginia’s eastern coastal lowlands called? | |
|47. Name the Southern colonies. |47. Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, and |
| |Georgia |
|48. What was the case crop of colonial Virginia? |48. tobacco |
|49. What were the two cash crops of colonial South Carolina? | |
|50. What formed the basis of the economy of the Southern colonies|49. rice and indigo |
|in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills? | |
|51. What strong belief regarding property rights was shared by |50. subsistence farming, hunting, and trading |
|all the English colonies in North America? | |
|52. What two labor systems supplied the labor needs of the |51. a strong belief in private ownership of property and free |
|plantation economy which developed in the Southern colonies? |enterprise |
|53. What was the origin of most of the indentured servants in | |
|colonial America? |52. indentured servants and African slaves |
|54. Where and when did the first Africans arrive in colonial | |
|America? | |
|55. What is believed to have been the legal status of the first |53. poor people from England, Scotland, or Ireland |
|Africans brought to the New World? How did the status of |54. Jamestown; 1619 |
|Africans change over time? | |
|56. Define the term Middle Passage. |55. indentured servants; over time Africans were treated as |
| |“servants for life” and later slaves |
| | |
|57. What two developments resulted from plantation economies and |56. the cruel and inhuman transportation of African slaves by |
|labor shortages in the English colonies? |ship from Africa to the New World |
|58. Eventually what war was caused by the development of a |57. the African slave trade and a slave labor system |
|slavery-based agricultural economy in the Southern colonies? | |
|59. What served as the basis of society in colonial New England? |58. the American Civil War |
|60. What was the Puritans’ attitude towards religious dissenters?| |
| | |
|61. Define the term religious dissenters. |59. religious standing |
| | |
|62. What dissenter founded the colony of Rhode Island, and why |60. grew increasingly intolerant of (prejudiced against) |
|did he start a new colony? |dissenters who challenged Puritan beliefs |
|63. What religious groups settled in the middle colonies and in |61. people who disagree with the dominant religion |
|which colony did each group settle? |62. Roger Williams; to flee persecution by Puritans in |
|64. Who were the Huguenots? |Massachusetts |
|65. What religious groups generally believed in religious | |
|tolerance? |63. Quakers in Pennsylvania; Presbyterians in New Jersey; Jews |
|66. What socio-economic class developed in the middle colonies |and Huguenots in New York |
|and in what ways did members of this class earn a living? |64. French Protestants |
|67. Define the term entrepreneur. |65. Quakers, Presbyterians, Huguenots, and Jews |
|68. What formed the basis of the social structure in Virginia and|66. a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs, and small |
|the other Southern colonies? |commercial farmers |
|69. Who dominated the colonial government and society in the |67. business owners |
|Southern colonies? |68. family status and land ownership |
|70. What was the most important church in Virginia and the other | |
|Southern colonies? | |
|71. Which region of the American colonies generally maintained |69. Large landowners |
|stronger ties with Great Britain: the Southern colonies, the New | |
|England colonies, or the middle colonies? | |
|72. Who played leading roles in the colonial legislatures of the |70. the Church of England |
|Southern colonies? | |
|73. Who made up society in the mountains and valleys of the |71. the Southern colonies |
|inland South? | |
| | |
|74. Define the term Scots-Irish. | |
| | |
| |72. planters |
|75. What was the “Great Awakening”? | |
| | |
| |73. small subsistence farmers, hunters, and traders of |
|76. Who was the major leader of the “Great Awakening”? |Scots-Irish and English background |
|77. What two Protestant denominations experienced rapid growth as|74. Scottish Protestants, who settled in the northern part of |
|a result of the “Great Awakening”? |Ireland as part of England’s effort to control Ireland |
|78. How did the “Great Awakening” relate to the American |75. a religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies |
|Revolution? |during the mid-1700s |
| |76. George Whitefield |
| | |
| |77. Baptists and Methodists |
| | |
| | |
| |78. It laid one of the social foundations for the American |
| |Revolution, because it had challenged the existing religious and |
| |governmental order in the various colonies. |
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