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Correct Answers for European Exploration and Colonization Study Guide

|1. What did exploration and colonization initiate or begin? |1. worldwide commercial expansion or trade |

|2. What products were exchanged between the Americas and Europe? |2. agricultural products |

|3. To what ideas did European colonization in the Americas | |

|eventually lead? |3. ideas of representative government and religious toleration |

| |that were later copied in other parts of the world |

|4. What does religious toleration mean? |4. that one accepts another person’s religion, even though it is |

| |different |

|5. What factors shaped regional economic differences in the |5. climate, soil conditions, and other natural resources |

|American colonies? |6. Africans |

|6. What large group of immigrants to the New World came | |

|involuntarily? |7. They were seeking freedom from religious persecution in |

|7. Why did the Puritans settle New England? |Europe. |

|8. Define the term Puritans. |8. Englishmen who believed the Anglican Church should purify or |

| |cleanse itself by abandoning its ritual and ceremony. |

| |9. Church of England |

|9. What was another name for the Anglican Church? | |

|10. Who were the Pilgrims? |10. a group of extreme Puritans |

|11. Where did the Pilgrims settle? |11. Plymouth, Massachusetts |

|12. What is a covenant? |12. a promise or agreement |

|13. What was the Mayflower Compact? |13. an agreement signed by the male passengers on the Mayflower |

| |to respect laws agreed upon for the general good of the colony |

| |14. Puritans |

| | |

|14. Who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony? |15. the town |

|15. What basic unit of settlement was used by Puritan church | |

|congregations in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? | |

|16. What is the historical significance of the Puritan town |16. In these town meetings the Puritans practiced a form of |

|meetings? |direct democracy. |

|17. Explain how direct democracy worked at New England town |17. Each member of the Puritan church could vote at town meetings|

|meetings. |and thereby participate directly in making the laws for that |

| |town. In other words, each Puritan church member helped make the|

| |laws for their town. |

| |18. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island |

| |19. direct democracy in ancient Athens; the “Athenian” direct |

|18. Name the four New England colonies. |democracy model |

| |20. religious freedom and economic opportunity |

|19. What ancient model did New England town meetings follow? |21. English, Dutch, and Germans |

|20. What were the two major reasons why the Puritans settled in | |

|New England? |22) religious freedom and economic opportunity |

|21. What European groups chiefly settled the Middle Atlantic |23. economic opportunity |

|region? | |

|22. Why did European immigrants settle in the Middle Atlantic | |

|region? |24. English nobility, who received large land grants in eastern |

|23. What served as the major reason for the settlement of |Virginia from the King of England |

|Virginia and the other Southern colonies? |25. Small farmers or artisans; they settled in the Shenandoah |

|24. Who were the Virginia “cavaliers”? |Valley or western Virginia |

| |26. skilled craftsmen |

| |27. people who agreed to work for a master for a fixed period of |

|25. What was the occupation of many poor English immigrants to |time in order to pay for passage to the New World |

|Virginia and in what part of the colony did many of them settle? |28. poor people from England, Scotland, and Ireland |

|26. Define the term artisans. |29. Jamestown; 1607 |

|27. Define the term indentured servant. | |

| | |

| |30. Virginia’s lawmaking body; it was the first elected assembly |

|28. Who were these indentured servants and from where did they |in the New World |

|often come? |31. the General Assembly |

|29. What was the first permanent English settlement in North | |

|America, and when was it settled? | |

|30. What was the Virginia House of Burgesses, and why was it |32. the Caribbean, Central America, and South America |

|important? | |

|31. What has been the name of Virginia’s lawmaking body, since |33. 1) Violent conflicts, 2) Indians lost their land, 3) Indians |

|independence from Great Britain? |died of European diseases like smallpox |

|32. What regions of the Western Hemisphere did the Spanish |34. Canada |

|explore and settle? | |

|33. How did European colonization affect the American Indians? |35. 1) no large-scale immigration from France, 2) French had |

| |better relations with the Indians |

|34. What region of the Western Hemisphere did the French explore?|36. African slavery |

|35. How did the effects of French exploration differ from those | |

|of English exploration? | |

|36. What institution was introduced into the New World as a | |

|result of the agricultural economy which developed in the | |

|Southern colonies and the Caribbean Sea? |37. Europeans forced millions of Africans to come to the Americas|

|37. What was the result of European introduction of African |against their will. |

|slavery in the New World? | |

|38. What were the three regions of English settlement along the |38. 1) New England colonies, 2) the middle colonies, 3) the |

|Atlantic coast? |Southern colonies |

|39. What formed the economic basis of colonial New England? |39. shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence |

| |farming, and eventually, manufacturing |

|40. Define subsistence farming. |40. growing only enough food to feed one’s family |

| |41. Puritans’ strong belief in hard work and thrift |

|41. What Puritan values were reflected in the prosperity of the | |

|New England colonies? |42. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware |

|42. Name the middle colonies. |43. shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading |

| |44. New York and Philadelphia |

|43. What formed the basis of the middle colonies’ economy? | |

|44. What two cities in the middle colonies began to grow as | |

|seaports and commercial (trade) centers? |45. large plantations that grew cash crops (tobacco, rice, and |

|45. What was the basis of the economies in the eastern coastal |indigo) for export to Europe |

|lowlands of Virginia and the other Southern colonies? |46. Tidewater |

|46. What are Virginia’s eastern coastal lowlands called? | |

|47. Name the Southern colonies. |47. Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, and |

| |Georgia |

|48. What was the case crop of colonial Virginia? |48. tobacco |

|49. What were the two cash crops of colonial South Carolina? | |

|50. What formed the basis of the economy of the Southern colonies|49. rice and indigo |

|in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills? | |

|51. What strong belief regarding property rights was shared by |50. subsistence farming, hunting, and trading |

|all the English colonies in North America? | |

|52. What two labor systems supplied the labor needs of the |51. a strong belief in private ownership of property and free |

|plantation economy which developed in the Southern colonies? |enterprise |

|53. What was the origin of most of the indentured servants in | |

|colonial America? |52. indentured servants and African slaves |

|54. Where and when did the first Africans arrive in colonial | |

|America? | |

|55. What is believed to have been the legal status of the first |53. poor people from England, Scotland, or Ireland |

|Africans brought to the New World? How did the status of |54. Jamestown; 1619 |

|Africans change over time? | |

|56. Define the term Middle Passage. |55. indentured servants; over time Africans were treated as |

| |“servants for life” and later slaves |

| | |

|57. What two developments resulted from plantation economies and |56. the cruel and inhuman transportation of African slaves by |

|labor shortages in the English colonies? |ship from Africa to the New World |

|58. Eventually what war was caused by the development of a |57. the African slave trade and a slave labor system |

|slavery-based agricultural economy in the Southern colonies? | |

|59. What served as the basis of society in colonial New England? |58. the American Civil War |

|60. What was the Puritans’ attitude towards religious dissenters?| |

| | |

|61. Define the term religious dissenters. |59. religious standing |

| | |

|62. What dissenter founded the colony of Rhode Island, and why |60. grew increasingly intolerant of (prejudiced against) |

|did he start a new colony? |dissenters who challenged Puritan beliefs |

|63. What religious groups settled in the middle colonies and in |61. people who disagree with the dominant religion |

|which colony did each group settle? |62. Roger Williams; to flee persecution by Puritans in |

|64. Who were the Huguenots? |Massachusetts |

|65. What religious groups generally believed in religious | |

|tolerance? |63. Quakers in Pennsylvania; Presbyterians in New Jersey; Jews |

|66. What socio-economic class developed in the middle colonies |and Huguenots in New York |

|and in what ways did members of this class earn a living? |64. French Protestants |

|67. Define the term entrepreneur. |65. Quakers, Presbyterians, Huguenots, and Jews |

|68. What formed the basis of the social structure in Virginia and|66. a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs, and small |

|the other Southern colonies? |commercial farmers |

|69. Who dominated the colonial government and society in the |67. business owners |

|Southern colonies? |68. family status and land ownership |

|70. What was the most important church in Virginia and the other | |

|Southern colonies? | |

|71. Which region of the American colonies generally maintained |69. Large landowners |

|stronger ties with Great Britain: the Southern colonies, the New | |

|England colonies, or the middle colonies? | |

|72. Who played leading roles in the colonial legislatures of the |70. the Church of England |

|Southern colonies? | |

|73. Who made up society in the mountains and valleys of the |71. the Southern colonies |

|inland South? | |

| | |

|74. Define the term Scots-Irish. | |

| | |

| |72. planters |

|75. What was the “Great Awakening”? | |

| | |

| |73. small subsistence farmers, hunters, and traders of |

|76. Who was the major leader of the “Great Awakening”? |Scots-Irish and English background |

|77. What two Protestant denominations experienced rapid growth as|74. Scottish Protestants, who settled in the northern part of |

|a result of the “Great Awakening”? |Ireland as part of England’s effort to control Ireland |

|78. How did the “Great Awakening” relate to the American |75. a religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies |

|Revolution? |during the mid-1700s |

| |76. George Whitefield |

| | |

| |77. Baptists and Methodists |

| | |

| | |

| |78. It laid one of the social foundations for the American |

| |Revolution, because it had challenged the existing religious and |

| |governmental order in the various colonies. |

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