African Imperialism
African Imperialism
Scramble for Africa
In the 1870s the _________________ began to trade with Africans in the Congo.
Fearing they would miss out on various ________________________, the other European nations _____________ to establish their presence on the continent.
Berlin Conference
In 1884, to avoid ______________ amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for _______________________ Africa. No ___________________ were invited.
The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an _______________. Whoever was the ____________ to build the outpost gained that area of land.
Southern Africa
The Boers
In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as ____________ settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built __________________________ as a supply station.
In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move ___________. The _________________ then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.
The Anglo-Boer War
In the late 1800s, the discovery of ____________ and ____________________ in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war.
The war was from 1899-1902 and involved bitter ___________ fighting. The ______________ won, but at a great cost.
The Zulus
In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named _____________ conquered and united tribes to form the ____________ nation.
The Zulus were skilled and organized _________________. Shaka used his power and fought against European ______ traders and ivory hunters.
The Zulus also fought the _____________ as they migrated _______________ from Cape Colony.
The Anglo-Zulu War
The Zulus came into conflict with the ________________ as well. In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of ________________________.
However, it was not long before the superior ___________ of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of ____________.
European Territory
In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted ___________________.
Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.
Britain’s claims in Africa were _______________ in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural __________________.
Britain controlled ______________ because of its strategic location.
France was very powerful in _____________ Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
The newly formed __________________ empire had to fight many battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa.
Germany would ___________ its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.
The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered __________. They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa, but were beaten badly by the _________.
King Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the _________, and brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Although the leaders of the old imperialism, the African claims of the _________ and __________________ were minimal.
Liberia and Ethiopia
Independent Africans
After the slave trade was outlawed, __________________ in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.
In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in __________. The former slaves named the capital city ________________ in his honor.
The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II ________________________ the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools.
When the Italians invaded they were ____________________ so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.
Effects of Imperialism
|Positive Results |Negative Results |
|1. Unified national states created |1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders |
|2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition |2. Created population explosion ( famine |
|3. Increased agricultural production |3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans |
|4. Improved transportation and communication facilities |4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights |
|5. Expanded education opportunities |5. Downgraded traditional African culture ( westernization |
European Imperialism by 1914
| |Britain |France |Germany |Belgium |
|Home Area (square miles) |94,000 |212,600 |210,000 |11,800 |
|Home Population (millions) |45.5 |42 |67.5 |8.3 |
|Global Colonial Area (mil. sq. miles) |13.1 |4.3 |1.1 |.94 |
|Global Colonial Population (millions) |470 |65 |13 |13 |
|Region |Percentage Colonized |
|Australia |100% |
|Africa |90.4% |
|Asia |56.5% |
|Americas |27.2% |
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