HIS 1302: Chapter 23



HIS 1302: Chapter 22

Isolation to Empire

I. Isolation or Empire?

A. Growing interest in Latin America

B. Views on American culture vs. European culture

C. American interests against England and France

II. Origin of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies

A. In Post Civil War years, rise of global policies

B. Purchase of Alaska and Midway Islands – what it gave us?

C. Attempts to acquire Cuba, Hawaii, and the Dominican Republic – examples of imperial interests?

D. Need for overseas markets & the closing of the frontier

E. Anglo Saxonism & missionary zeal & the possibilities of expansion

F. Military and strategic arguments

III. Toward an Empire in the Pacific

A. History of Pacific and Asian interest in the US

B. Opening of Japan

C. Trade with China, in spite of immigration restrictions

D. Annexation of Hawaii

i. History of the colonization

ii. Why it was needed, and who wanted it?

iii. The overthrow & Queen Liliuokalani

iv. The annexation

IV. Toward an Empire in Latin America.

A. American concern with European influences

B. Clayton-Bulwar Treaty, rejection of.

C. American involvement in British-Venezuela dispute

i. effects

V. Cuban Revolution

A. Cuban nationalist revolution in 1895

i. Spanish reactions

ii. American sympathies

iii. The role of the Yellow Press

a. William Randolph Hearst

b. Joseph Pulitzer

B. The Destruction of the USS Maine

C. The DeLome Letter

VI. The Splendid Little War – The Spanish American War

A. On April 20, 1898, Congressional recognition of Cuban independence and authorized Presidential use of military to expel the Spanish

B. Teller Amendment disclaimed any intent to annex Cuban territory

C. Earliest battles – the Philippines (Manila Bay, April 30, 1898)

D. August – Occupation of the Philippines, and Cuba

E. Treaty of Paris, 1898

i. What Spain lost and what it cost us

VII. Developing a Colonial Policy

A. Change in the US’ reality

B. Expansionists (“the general principle of holding on to what we can get!”)

VIII. The Anti-Imperialists

A. Positive effects on sectionalism of the Spanish-American War

B. New problems and divisive issues

C. Arguments of the Anti-Imperialists

D. The acquisition of the Philippines

E. Ratification of the treaty

IX. The Philippines Insurrection

A. The Filipino position on US occupation

i. Commonplace atrocities, both sides

ii. Emilio Aguinaldo

iii. William Howard Taft, 1st civilian governor of the Philippines

a. What the policy did

b. What it did not do.

X. Cuba and the United States

A. Shifting control of the territories (President, to Congress, to Supreme Court)

B. Puerto Rico

i. Foraker Act – Civilian gov’t in Puerto Rico

ii. Supreme Court decisions – the Insular Cases

C. Cuba

i. US control did not end poverty, illiteracy, poor economy in Cuba

ii. Concerns over Cuba’s ability at self-control; establishment of military government

iii. Constitution of 1900

a. Platt Amendment and the four provisions

b. US influence over Cuba

XI. The US in the Caribbean

A. The economies of the Islands

B. US intervention in the Dominican Republic and the Monroe Doctrine

C. The development of the Roosevelt Corollary

D. Successes and failures of the policy

XII. The Open Door Policy

A. The growing influence of Europe in China

B. America’s concerns and the “Open Door Policy”

C. The Boxer Rebellion, and test of the policy

D. Effects of the Open Door, US involvement in the Russo-Japanese War, and the Gentleman’s Agreement of 1907.

XIII. The Panama Canal

A. American goals in Central America

B. Review of the Clayton-Bulwar Treaty

C. Hay-Pauncefort Agreement (1901)

D. Conflicts with Panama

E. The Panamanian Revolt of 1903

F. The building of the Canal

XIV. “Non-Colonial Imperial Expansion”

A. American’s experiment with territorial imperialism lasted less than 10 years

B. Effects of Open Door Policy, Roosevelt Corollary, and dollar diplomacy

C. American cultural imperialism

D. Psychologically, where did we stand? Imperialist, or isolationist?

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