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Supplementary table 1. Number of cancer cases and exclusions by sex, site and country 1990-2016, the NORDCAN survival studiesSexCountryCancer siteCasesDCOIncidental autopsy findingPatient <18 ySubsequent tumor at same siteIncluded in analysesnn%an%an% an%anWomenDenmarkColon35,0031790.513711.06210.06400.1134,392WomenFinlandColon21,6592020.934131.91900.42300.1420,924WomenIcelandColon1,11860.54151.3400.0010.091,096WomenNorway Colon32,3483861.19870.27290.09520.1631,794WomenSwedenColon48,32700.009081.8870.01120.0247,400WomenDenmarkRectum15,501340.221240.8000.0000.0015,343WomenFinlandRectum10,848840.77970.8900.0040.0410,663WomenIcelandRectum39000.0000.0000.0000.00390WomenNorway Rectum13,312640.48210.1610.0150.0413,221WomenSwedenRectum21,29400.002251.0630.0160.0321,060WomenDenmarkLung47,3924190.888551.8080.021010.2146,009WomenFinlandLung17,5764642.647574.3190.05240.1416,322WomenIcelandLung1,95930.15190.9700.00140.711,923WomenNorway Lung25,0014581.831330.5370.031520.6124,251WomenSwedenLung39,57900.001,4143.5790.021360.3438,020WomenDenmarkMelanoma 21,23290.0480.04820.3900.0021,133WomenFinlandMelanoma11,71060.05130.11390.3300.0011,652WomenIcelandMelanoma66300.0000.0071.0600.00656WomenNorway Melanoma17,28640.0230.02460.2770.0417,226WomenSwedenMelanoma29,33900.0060.02660.2200.0029,267WomenDenmarkKidney6,479380.592513.87991.5340.066,087WomenFinlandKidney9,1561952.134384.781221.3300.008,401WomenIcelandKidney46200.00183.9020.4300.00442WomenNorway Kidney5,9071212.051071.811081.8300.005,571WomenSwedenKidney10,83900.006395.902242.0700.009,976WomenDenmarkBreast108,0822350.221560.1420.00440.04107,645WomenFinlandBreast99,5212100.211680.1700.00870.0999,056WomenIcelandBreast4,39020.0590.2100.0030.074,376WomenNorway Breast70,4212210.31210.0330.00850.1270,091WomenSwedenBreast166,01800.002210.1300.00290.02165,768WomenDenmarkUterus18,370120.07450.2410.01160.0918,296WomenFinlandUterus19,803560.281170.5910.0140.0219,625WomenIcelandUterus71110.1410.1400.0010.14708WomenNorway Uterus16,353390.24210.1310.01120.0716,280WomenSwedenUterus34,56900.001500.4310.0000.0034,418WomenDenmarkOvary15,701660.421190.76480.31600.3815,408WomenFinlandOvary13,6211561.152231.64450.3360.0413,191WomenIcelandOvary52810.1930.5740.7610.19519WomenNorway Ovary12,8451160.90280.22650.51430.3312,593WomenSwedenOvary22,12700.003511.591100.50130.0621,653MenDenmarkColon32,3681010.312800.87150.05200.0631,952MenFinlandColon18,6501240.663721.99530.28260.1418,075MenIcelandColon1,27430.24120.9420.1610.081,256MenNorway Colon28,3942200.771030.36120.04390.1428,020MenSwedenColon46,02400.008951.94100.02140.0345,105MenDenmarkRectum22,159300.141480.6710.0020.0121,978MenFinlandRectum13,638610.451421.0420.0150.0413,428MenIcelandRectum48820.4110.2000.0000.00485MenNorway Rectum17,595450.26290.1610.01160.0917,504MenSwedenRectum29,33000.003491.1920.0180.0328,971MenDenmarkLung58,3774800.821,2432.1360.011050.1856,543MenFinlandLung45,1059572.122,2414.9790.02640.1441,834MenIcelandLung1,93580.41301.5510.05140.721,882MenNorway Lung37,6486091.622120.56100.032120.5636,605MenSwedenLung48,89300.002,3214.75120.021480.3046,412MenDenmarkMelanoma 17,53080.05230.13490.2800.0017,450MenFinlandMelanoma12,21450.04260.21360.2900.0012,147MenIcelandMelanoma44200.0000.0040.9000.00438MenNorway Melanoma16,32600.0020.01280.17140.0916,282MenSwedenMelanoma29,04400.0080.03420.1400.0028,994MenDenmarkKidney10,725420.394684.36980.9120.0210,115MenFinlandKidney11,7101731.487256.191160.9900.0010,696MenIcelandKidney77400.00628.0170.9000.00705MenNorway Kidney10,1781531.502652.60770.7600.009,683MenSwedenKidney16,22000.001,1106.841901.1700.0014,920MenDenmarkProstate80,0242500.315580.7010.0060.0179,209MenFinlandProstate100,9803280.327830.7800.00130.0199,856MenIcelandProstate4,88870.14881.8000.0030.064,790MenNorway Prostate96,0169390.985380.5650.01140.0194,520MenSwedenProstate219,39100.002,3941.0910.00150.01216,981a % of initial number of cases.Supplementary table 2. Cancer population weights used for age standardizing survival, adapted from International Cancer Survival Standard (ICSS) weightsAge groupAll sites except melanoma(from ICSS 1)Melanoma (from ICSS 2)18-49 years0.119060.3628350-59 years0.167350.1861160-69 years0.275930.2209870-79 years0.288970.1626280+ years0.148690.06746Supplementary table 3. Population weights used for age standardizing incidence and mortality rates, Nordic age distribution in 2000 as used in NORDCANAge groupWeight0-4 years59005-9 years660010-14 years620015-19 years580020-24 years610025-29 years680030-34 years730035-39 years730040-44 years700045-49 years690050-54 years740055-59 years610060-64 years480065-69 years410070-74 years390075-79 years350080-84 years240085+ years1900Supplementary table 4. Trends in 1-year relative survival 1990-2015 with 95% confidence intervals, the NORDCAN survival studiesSexCountrySite199019952000200520102015WomenDenmarkColon70 (68-71)71 (70-72)73 (72-73)75 (75-76)80 (79-81)86 (85-87)WomenFinlandColon72 (70-74)77 (76-78)80 (80-81)82 (81-83)83 (82-84)84 (83-85)WomenIcelandColon76 (69-84)77 (73-81)79 (75-83)83 (80-86)84 (82-87)83 (79-87)WomenNorway Colon73 (72-75)76 (76-77)79 (78-79)80 (80-81)83 (82-83)86 (85-87)WomenSwedenColon75 (74-76)78 (78-79)81 (80-82)83 (82-84)84 (84-85)84 (84-85)WomenDenmarkRectum75 (73-77)76 (75-77)78 (77-79)81 (81-82)85 (85-86)89 (88-90)WomenFinlandRectum78 (76-81)81 (80-82)83 (82-84)85 (84-86)86 (85-87)87 (86-89)WomenIcelandRectum79 (69-90)75 (69-82)78 (72-84)87 (83-91)92 (89-96)90 (85-96)WomenNorway Rectum80 (78-82)82 (81-83)84 (83-85)86 (85-87)88 (87-89)90 (88-91)WomenSwedenRectum81 (79-82)83 (82-84)85 (84-86)86 (86-87)87 (87-88)89 (88-90)WomenDenmarkLung24 (23-25)28 (27-28)32 (31-32)37 (36-38)45 (44-45)55 (54-55)WomenFinlandLung36 (34-38)39 (38-41)43 (41-44)44 (43-45)46 (45-47)47 (46-49)WomenIcelandLung35 (29-41)35 (32-39)38 (35-42)44 (41-47)49 (46-52)53 (49-58)WomenNorway Lung32 (30-34)33 (32-34)35 (34-36)40 (39-41)46 (46-47)54 (52-55)WomenSwedenLung31 (30-33)36 (35-36)40 (39-41)45 (44-45)50 (49-51)56 (55-57)WomenDenmarkMelanoma96 (95-97)97 (96-97)97 (97-98)97 (97-98)98 (97-98)99 (98-99)WomenFinlandMelanoma96 (95-98)97 (96-97)97 (96-98)98 (97-98)98 (98-99)99 (99-99)WomenIcelandMelanomaa95 (83-98)96 (87-99)98 (85-100)94 (87-97)98 (90-99)99 (86-100)WomenNorway Melanoma97 (96-98)97 (96-97)97 (96-97)97 (97-97)97 (97-98)98 (98-99)WomenSwedenMelanoma98 (97-99)98 (98-99)99 (98-99)99 (99-99)99 (99-99)99 (99-99)WomenDenmarkKidney57 (54-61)57 (55-59)60 (58-62)67 (65-69)77 (75-78)85 (84-87)WomenFinlandKidney70 (67-73)75 (73-76)77 (76-78)80 (78-81)81 (80-82)83 (81-84)WomenIcelandKidney59 (46-76)67 (60-74)73 (66-79)75 (70-81)78 (73-84)86 (79-93)WomenNorway Kidney69 (66-72)70 (68-72)73 (71-74)78 (76-79)83 (82-84)87 (85-89)WomenSwedenKidney70 (68-73)72 (70-73)75 (74-76)81 (80-82)87 (86-88)91 (89-92)WomenDenmarkBreast91 (91-92)92 (92-92)93 (93-94)95 (95-95)96 (96-97)97 (97-97)WomenFinlandBreast94 (94-95)95 (95-95)96 (95-96)96 (96-96)97 (96-97)97 (97-98)WomenIcelandBreast92 (88-96)95 (94-97)97 (95-98)97 (96-98)97 (96-98)97 (95-98)WomenNorway Breast93 (92-94)94 (94-95)95 (95-96)96 (96-96)97 (96-97)97 (97-98)WomenSwedenBreast95 (95-96)96 (96-96)97 (96-97)97 (97-97)97 (97-98)98 (98-98)WomenDenmarkUterus89 (87-91)90 (89-90)90 (90-91)91 (91-92)93 (92-93)94 (93-95)WomenFinlandUterus90 (89-92)91 (90-92)92 (91-93)93 (92-93)93 (93-94)93 (92-94)WomenIcelandUterusa85 (73-92)86 (77-92)91 (83-95)88 (80-93)92 (83-96)91 (81-96)WomenNorway Uterus86 (84-88)90 (89-91)92 (91-92)92 (92-93)93 (92-94)94 (93-95)WomenSwedenUterus91 (90-92)93 (92-93)94 (94-94)94 (94-95)94 (94-95)94 (93-95)WomenDenmarkOvary62 (60-64)64 (63-65)67 (66-68)72 (71-73)76 (75-77)80 (79-82)WomenFinlandOvary63 (61-66)69 (68-71)74 (73-75)78 (77-79)79 (78-80)77 (75-78)WomenIcelandOvarya62 (50-71)73 (62-81)69 (58-78)73 (61-82)78 (67-86)67 (48-81)WomenNorway Ovary64 (61-66)69 (68-70)73 (72-74)75 (74-77)77 (76-78)79 (78-81)WomenSwedenOvary67 (66-69)75 (74-76)79 (78-80)81 (80-82)84 (83-85)87 (86-89)MenDenmarkColon66 (64-67)68 (67-69)70 (69-71)74 (73-74)79 (78-80)86 (85-86)MenFinlandColon71 (69-73)75 (74-76)78 (77-79)80 (80-81)82 (81-82)83 (82-84)MenIcelandColon75 (67-83)74 (70-79)76 (72-80)80 (77-83)83 (80-86)83 (79-87)MenNorway Colon70 (68-72)73 (72-74)76 (75-77)78 (77-79)81 (80-81)84 (83-85)MenSwedenColon73 (71-74)77 (76-77)80 (79-81)82 (82-83)84 (83-84)84 (83-85)MenDenmarkRectum73 (71-75)74 (73-75)77 (76-78)80 (80-81)85 (84-86)90 (89-90)MenFinlandRectum75 (73-78)78 (77-79)81 (79-82)83 (82-84)84 (83-85)86 (84-87)MenIcelandRectum81 (71-92)78 (72-85)81 (75-87)88 (84-92)91 (87-94)81 (75-88)MenNorway Rectum77 (76-79)79 (78-80)81 (80-82)84 (83-85)87 (86-88)89 (88-90)MenSwedenRectum78 (76-79)81 (80-82)83 (82-84)85 (84-85)86 (86-87)87 (86-88)MenDenmarkLung23 (22-24)26 (25-26)29 (28-29)32 (32-33)38 (38-39)46 (45-47)MenFinlandLung33 (32-35)35 (34-35)36 (35-37)36 (35-37)37 (36-37)38 (37-40)MenIcelandLung33 (28-39)33 (30-36)34 (31-38)39 (36-42)42 (39-46)45 (40-50)MenNorway Lung29 (27-30)29 (29-30)31 (30-32)35 (34-36)40 (40-41)46 (45-48)MenSwedenLung28 (27-30)32 (31-32)35 (34-36)38 (38-39)43 (42-44)48 (47-50)MenDenmarkMelanoma92 (91-94)94 (93-94)95 (94-95)95 (95-96)96 (96-97)98 (97-98)MenFinlandMelanoma94 (93-96)94 (93-95)94 (93-95)94 (94-95)95 (95-96)96 (96-97)MenIcelandMelanomaa91 (73-98)92 (80-97)94 (86-97)94 (87-98)96 (88-98)87 (73-94)MenNorway Melanoma93 (91-94)93 (92-94)94 (93-94)94 (93-95)95 (94-95)97 (96-97)MenSwedenMelanoma96 (95-97)97 (96-97)97 (97-98)98 (97-98)98 (98-99)99 (99-99)MenDenmarkKidney58 (55-62)58 (57-60)61 (59-62)68 (67-70)78 (76-79)85 (84-87)MenFinlandKidney69 (66-72)72 (71-73)74 (73-76)76 (75-77)79 (78-80)81 (80-83)MenIcelandKidney65 (55-78)74 (69-79)77 (72-83)79 (74-83)80 (75-85)83 (76-89)MenNorway Kidney66 (63-69)67 (65-68)69 (68-71)75 (74-77)82 (80-83)85 (83-87)MenSwedenKidney68 (66-71)69 (68-70)73 (71-74)80 (78-81)86 (85-87)90 (89-91)MenDenmarkProstate83 (81-84)84 (83-85)88 (88-89)94 (94-95)98 (97-98)97 (97-98)MenFinlandProstate88 (86-90)94 (94-95)97 (97-97)98 (98-98)98 (98-99)98 (98-99)MenIcelandProstate91 (87-95)94 (92-96)96 (94-97)97 (96-98)97 (97-98)97 (96-99)MenNorway Prostate89 (88-90)92 (92-92)95 (94-95)97 (97-97)98 (98-98)98 (97-98)MenSwedenProstate91 (90-92)94 (94-94)96 (96-97)98 (98-98)99 (98-99)99 (98-99)a Age-standardized Pohar Perme estimates over 5-year intervals of calendar year. The column year is the start of each interval.Supplementary table 5. Trends in 5-year relative survival 1990-2010 and period estimates for the latest available 5-year period with 95% confidence intervals, the NORDCAN survival studiesSexCountrySite19901995200020052010PeriodaWomenDenmarkColon46 (44-48)49 (48-50)53 (52-54)56 (55-57)62 (61-63)68 (67-69)WomenFinlandColon53 (51-56)59 (57-60)63 (61-64)65 (64-66)66 (65-67)68 (66-70)WomenIcelandColon56 (47-68)56 (50-62)58 (53-64)64 (59-69)65 (61-70)62 (57-68)WomenNorway Colon53 (50-55)56 (55-57)58 (57-60)61 (60-63)66 (65-67)69 (68-71)WomenSwedenColon53 (52-55)56 (55-57)60 (59-61)64 (63-65)66 (65-67)65 (64-67)WomenDenmarkRectum43 (40-46)48 (46-49)53 (51-54)58 (57-59)65 (64-67)71 (70-73)WomenFinlandRectum51 (48-54)56 (54-57)60 (59-62)65 (64-67)68 (67-70)69 (67-72)WomenIcelandRectum49 (36-66)50 (42-60)55 (47-65)65 (58-73)77 (71-84)78 (70-88)WomenNorway Rectum54 (51-57)58 (57-60)63 (61-64)66 (65-68)69 (68-71)71 (69-73)WomenSwedenRectum55 (52-57)59 (58-60)62 (61-63)64 (63-66)66 (65-67)68 (66-69)WomenDenmarkLung6 (6-7)7 (7-8)9 (9-10)12 (12-12)17 (17-18)23 (22-24)WomenFinlandLung12 (11-14)14 (13-15)15 (14-16)16 (15-17)17 (17-18)19 (17-20)WomenIcelandLung11 (8-16)13 (10-15)15 (13-18)18 (15-20)22 (20-26)26 (22-31)WomenNorway Lung10 (9-12)12 (11-12)13 (12-14)15 (15-16)20 (19-21)26 (25-27)WomenSwedenLung11 (10-12)13 (12-14)15 (14-16)17 (17-18)21 (20-22)24 (23-25)WomenDenmarkMelanoma86 (84-88)88 (87-89)90 (89-91)92 (91-92)93 (93-94)95 (94-96)WomenFinlandMelanoma85 (82-88)87 (85-88)88 (87-89)90 (88-91)92 (91-93)94 (93-95)WomenIcelandMelanomab86 (70-94)93 (79-98)86 (68-94)85 (74-92)93 (83-98)97 (87-99)WomenNorway Melanoma88 (87-90)89 (88-90)89 (88-90)89 (88-90)90 (90-91)93 (92-94)WomenSwedenMelanoma91 (90-93)91 (91-92)92 (91-93)93 (92-93)94 (93-94)94 (94-95)WomenDenmarkKidney38 (34-42)38 (36-40)41 (39-43)50 (48-52)61 (59-63)69 (66-72)WomenFinlandKidney54 (51-58)59 (57-61)62 (60-64)65 (63-67)67 (65-68)68 (66-71)WomenIcelandKidney44 (31-63)51 (44-60)58 (51-66)63 (57-71)67 (61-74)73 (64-82)WomenNorway Kidney50 (46-54)52 (50-54)56 (54-59)63 (61-66)72 (70-74)75 (72-78)WomenSwedenKidney50 (47-53)53 (51-54)57 (55-59)65 (63-66)72 (70-73)75 (73-78)WomenDenmarkBreast71 (69-72)75 (74-76)79 (79-80)84 (83-84)86 (86-87)87 (87-88)WomenFinlandBreast79 (77-80)83 (82-83)85 (85-86)88 (87-88)90 (89-90)90 (90-91)WomenIcelandBreast73 (67-80)81 (78-84)85 (82-88)87 (85-89)86 (84-89)87 (84-90)WomenNorway Breast74 (73-76)80 (79-81)83 (82-84)85 (85-86)88 (87-89)89 (88-90)WomenSwedenBreast82 (81-82)83 (83-84)85 (85-86)88 (87-88)89 (89-90)90 (89-90)WomenDenmarkUterus77 (74-79)78 (77-79)79 (78-81)81 (80-82)81 (80-83)82 (81-84)WomenFinlandUterus78 (76-81)81 (79-82)83 (81-84)84 (83-85)84 (83-85)84 (82-85)WomenIcelandUterusb62 (47-74)68 (57-77)82 (69-90)76 (65-84)81 (65-90)84 (73-91)WomenNorway Uterus73 (70-76)77 (76-78)80 (79-82)82 (81-83)83 (82-85)84 (83-86)WomenSwedenUterus77 (75-79)81 (80-82)84 (83-85)85 (84-86)84 (83-85)84 (83-85)WomenDenmarkOvary28 (26-30)29 (28-31)32 (31-34)37 (36-38)41 (39-42)42 (40-44)WomenFinlandOvary31 (28-33)36 (35-38)42 (41-44)47 (45-48)45 (44-47)44 (42-46)WomenIcelandOvaryb35 (24-45)35 (24-46)43 (33-54)40 (28-51)42 (30-54)46 (35-56)WomenNorway Ovary32 (30-35)36 (35-37)40 (38-41)43 (41-44)45 (43-46)47 (45-50)WomenSwedenOvary37 (35-39)41 (39-42)43 (42-45)45 (44-46)48 (47-49)51 (49-52)MenDenmarkColon42 (40-44)46 (45-47)50 (48-51)53 (52-55)60 (59-61)67 (65-68)MenFinlandColon51 (48-54)56 (54-57)59 (58-61)62 (61-63)64 (63-66)66 (64-68)MenIcelandColon56 (46-68)54 (49-60)55 (50-61)62 (58-67)65 (61-70)66 (60-72)MenNorway Colon48 (45-50)52 (51-53)56 (55-57)59 (58-60)62 (61-63)65 (64-67)MenSwedenColon52 (50-54)54 (53-55)57 (56-58)61 (61-62)64 (63-65)63 (62-65)MenDenmarkRectum41 (38-43)46 (44-47)51 (49-52)56 (54-57)63 (62-64)69 (67-71)MenFinlandRectum47 (44-51)52 (51-54)57 (55-59)62 (60-63)64 (62-66)65 (63-67)MenIcelandRectum53 (37-75)56 (47-66)61 (53-70)68 (61-75)73 (66-80)67 (59-76)MenNorway Rectum48 (46-51)53 (52-55)58 (56-59)62 (61-64)67 (65-68)69 (68-71)MenSwedenRectum50 (48-52)54 (53-55)58 (57-59)61 (60-62)63 (62-64)65 (64-66)MenDenmarkLung6 (5-7)7 (6-7)8 (7-8)9 (9-10)13 (12-13)17 (16-18)MenFinlandLung9 (8-10)9 (9-10)9 (9-10)10 (9-10)11 (11-12)13 (12-14)MenIcelandLung10 (7-15)12 (10-14)13 (11-16)14 (12-17)17 (15-20)20 (17-25)MenNorway Lung8 (7-9)9 (8-9)10 (9-10)11 (11-12)15 (15-16)19 (18-20)MenSwedenLung9 (8-9)10 (9-10)11 (11-12)13 (12-13)15 (15-16)19 (18-20)MenDenmarkMelanoma75 (72-78)78 (76-79)81 (79-82)84 (83-85)88 (88-89)91 (90-92)MenFinlandMelanoma77 (74-81)79 (78-81)81 (80-83)83 (82-85)86 (85-87)87 (86-89)MenIcelandMelanomab68 (43-84)73 (56-84)82 (71-89)78 (66-87)85 (73-91)86 (76-91)MenNorway Melanoma77 (75-80)78 (76-79)78 (76-79)78 (77-80)83 (82-84)87 (86-89)MenSwedenMelanoma85 (83-86)85 (84-86)86 (85-86)87 (87-88)89 (89-90)91 (90-92)MenDenmarkKidney38 (34-42)37 (35-39)40 (38-42)49 (48-51)60 (59-62)67 (65-69)MenFinlandKidney50 (47-54)54 (52-56)57 (55-59)59 (57-61)62 (61-64)65 (62-67)MenIcelandKidney43 (32-58)52 (46-59)58 (51-65)62 (56-68)64 (58-70)65 (58-73)MenNorway Kidney47 (43-51)47 (46-49)51 (49-53)58 (56-60)67 (65-69)72 (70-74)MenSwedenKidney47 (45-50)49 (48-51)54 (52-55)61 (60-63)69 (67-70)74 (72-76)MenDenmarkProstate37 (35-39)44 (42-45)57 (56-58)77 (76-77)88 (88-89)87 (86-87)MenFinlandProstate53 (50-56)75 (74-76)87 (86-88)93 (92-93)94 (94-95)94 (93-95)MenIcelandProstate68 (60-77)74 (71-78)81 (78-84)87 (85-89)88 (86-90)89 (86-91)MenNorway Prostate56 (53-58)69 (68-70)79 (79-80)87 (86-87)92 (91-92)93 (92-94)MenSwedenProstate61 (59-62)73 (72-74)83 (82-83)90 (90-90)92 (92-92)91 (91-92)a Follow-up window for Denmark, Norway and Sweden: 2013-2017; Finland: 2013-2016; Iceland: 2012-2017.b Age-standardized Pohar Perme estimates over 5-year intervals of calendar year. The column year is the start of each interval.Supplementary table 6. Trends in 5-year relative survival conditional on surviving 1 year 1990-2010 and period estimates for the latest available 5-year period with 95% confidence intervals, the NORDCAN survival studiesSexCountrySite19901995200020052010PeriodaWomenDenmarkColon66 (64-68)70 (69-71)72 (71-74)74 (73-75)77 (76-78)80 (79-81)WomenFinlandColon74 (71-77)76 (75-77)78 (77-79)79 (78-80)80 (78-81)80 (78-82)WomenIcelandColon74 (65-83)72 (67-78)73 (68-79)77 (73-81)77 (73-82)75 (70-81)WomenNorway Colon72 (70-74)73 (72-74)74 (73-75)76 (75-77)80 (79-81)82 (80-83)WomenSwedenColon71 (70-73)72 (71-73)74 (73-75)77 (77-78)79 (78-80)78 (77-79)WomenDenmarkRectum58 (55-61)63 (61-64)67 (66-69)71 (70-73)77 (75-78)80 (79-82)WomenFinlandRectum65 (61-69)69 (67-70)73 (71-74)76 (75-78)79 (78-81)80 (78-82)WomenIcelandRectum62 (49-78)67 (59-76)71 (63-80)75 (68-82)83 (78-89)86 (79-94)WomenNorway Rectum67 (64-70)71 (70-73)75 (73-76)77 (76-78)79 (77-80)79 (77-81)WomenSwedenRectum68 (66-70)71 (70-72)73 (72-74)75 (74-76)76 (75-77)76 (75-78)WomenDenmarkLung26 (23-28)27 (26-28)29 (28-30)32 (31-34)39 (38-40)44 (42-45)WomenFinlandLung34 (31-38)35 (33-37)36 (34-38)36 (35-38)38 (37-40)41 (38-43)WomenIcelandLung31 (24-41)35 (31-40)39 (34-44)40 (36-45)46 (42-50)50 (44-56)WomenNorway Lung33 (30-36)35 (33-37)37 (35-38)38 (37-40)44 (42-45)49 (48-51)WomenSwedenLung36 (34-39)37 (35-38)37 (36-39)39 (38-40)42 (41-43)44 (42-45)WomenDenmarkMelanoma90 (88-92)91 (90-92)93 (92-93)94 (93-95)95 (95-96)96 (95-97)WomenFinlandMelanoma88 (86-91)90 (88-91)91 (90-92)92 (91-93)93 (93-94)95 (93-96)WomenIcelandMelanomab91 (73-97)97 (78-100)88 (69-95)91 (78-96)96 (85-99)98 (87-100)WomenNorway Melanoma91 (90-93)92 (91-93)92 (91-93)92 (91-93)93 (92-94)94 (93-95)WomenSwedenMelanoma93 (92-94)93 (92-94)93 (93-94)94 (93-94)95 (94-95)95 (94-96)WomenDenmarkKidney67 (62-72)67 (64-69)69 (66-71)74 (72-76)79 (77-81)82 (79-84)WomenFinlandKidney77 (73-80)79 (77-81)80 (79-82)81 (80-83)82 (81-84)83 (80-85)WomenIcelandKidney75 (62-91)77 (70-84)80 (74-87)84 (79-90)86 (81-92)84 (77-91)WomenNorway Kidney73 (69-77)75 (72-77)78 (76-80)82 (80-84)86 (84-88)87 (85-89)WomenSwedenKidney72 (69-75)73 (72-75)76 (74-78)80 (78-81)83 (81-84)85 (83-87)WomenDenmarkBreast77 (76-79)81 (81-82)85 (84-85)88 (87-88)90 (89-90)90 (90-91)WomenFinlandBreast83 (82-85)87 (86-87)89 (89-90)91 (91-92)93 (92-93)93 (92-94)WomenIcelandBreast80 (74-86)85 (82-87)88 (86-90)89 (87-91)89 (87-91)90 (87-92)WomenNorway Breast80 (79-82)85 (84-85)87 (87-88)89 (88-90)91 (90-92)92 (91-92)WomenSwedenBreast86 (85-87)87 (86-87)88 (88-89)90 (90-91)92 (91-92)92 (91-92)WomenDenmarkUterus86 (84-89)87 (86-88)88 (87-89)88 (87-90)88 (87-89)88 (86-89)WomenFinlandUterus87 (84-89)88 (87-90)90 (89-91)91 (90-92)90 (89-91)90 (89-92)WomenIcelandUterusb73 (56-84)79 (67-88)90 (76-96)86 (75-93)88 (69-96)92 (78-97)WomenNorway Uterus85 (82-88)86 (85-87)88 (86-89)89 (88-90)90 (88-91)89 (88-91)WomenSwedenUterus84 (83-86)88 (87-88)90 (89-90)90 (89-91)89 (88-90)89 (88-90)WomenDenmarkOvary45 (42-48)46 (44-47)48 (46-50)52 (50-53)53 (52-55)53 (51-55)WomenFinlandOvary49 (45-52)52 (51-54)57 (55-59)60 (58-61)58 (56-59)56 (54-58)WomenIcelandOvaryb56 (41-69)48 (34-61)63 (49-74)54 (40-66)54 (39-67)60 (47-70)WomenNorway Ovary51 (47-54)52 (50-54)54 (53-56)57 (55-58)58 (56-60)59 (57-62)WomenSwedenOvary55 (52-57)54 (53-56)55 (54-57)56 (54-57)57 (55-58)59 (57-60)MenDenmarkColon64 (62-67)68 (67-69)71 (69-72)73 (72-74)75 (74-77)79 (77-80)MenFinlandColon72 (69-75)74 (72-75)76 (74-77)77 (76-78)79 (78-80)80 (78-82)MenIcelandColon75 (66-85)73 (68-78)73 (68-78)77 (73-81)78 (74-82)79 (74-84)MenNorway Colon68 (66-71)71 (70-73)74 (72-75)75 (74-76)77 (76-78)78 (76-79)MenSwedenColon72 (70-74)70 (69-71)72 (71-73)75 (74-76)76 (75-77)76 (75-77)MenDenmarkRectum56 (53-59)61 (60-63)66 (64-67)69 (68-71)74 (73-75)78 (76-80)MenFinlandRectum63 (59-67)67 (65-69)71 (69-73)74 (73-76)76 (74-77)76 (74-78)MenIcelandRectum66 (51-84)71 (63-80)76 (69-83)77 (71-83)80 (74-87)82 (74-90)MenNorway Rectum63 (60-66)67 (66-69)71 (70-73)74 (73-75)76 (75-78)78 (76-80)MenSwedenRectum64 (62-67)67 (66-68)70 (68-71)72 (71-73)74 (73-75)75 (74-76)MenDenmarkLung26 (24-28)26 (25-27)27 (26-28)29 (28-30)34 (33-35)37 (36-39)MenFinlandLung26 (24-28)26 (25-27)26 (25-28)27 (26-28)31 (29-32)33 (31-36)MenIcelandLung32 (24-42)35 (30-40)37 (32-43)37 (33-42)41 (36-46)44 (37-51)MenNorway Lung28 (26-31)30 (28-31)31 (30-32)32 (31-34)38 (37-39)43 (41-45)MenSwedenLung30 (28-32)31 (30-32)32 (31-33)34 (32-35)36 (35-37)39 (38-41)MenDenmarkMelanoma81 (78-84)83 (82-84)85 (84-87)89 (88-90)92 (91-93)93 (92-94)MenFinlandMelanoma82 (79-85)85 (83-86)87 (85-88)88 (87-89)90 (89-91)91 (89-92)MenIcelandMelanomab75 (47-90)79 (62-89)87 (76-94)83 (70-90)88 (77-94)91 (82-96)MenNorway Melanoma84 (81-86)83 (82-85)83 (82-84)84 (82-85)87 (86-88)91 (89-92)MenSwedenMelanoma88 (86-90)88 (87-88)88 (87-89)89 (89-90)91 (90-92)92 (91-93)MenDenmarkKidney65 (60-69)64 (62-66)66 (63-68)72 (70-74)78 (76-79)80 (77-82)MenFinlandKidney73 (69-77)75 (73-77)77 (75-79)77 (76-79)79 (77-81)80 (77-83)MenIcelandKidney66 (54-81)71 (65-77)75 (69-81)79 (73-84)80 (75-85)82 (75-89)MenNorway Kidney71 (67-75)71 (69-74)73 (71-75)77 (75-79)82 (80-84)85 (83-87)MenSwedenKidney69 (66-72)71 (69-73)74 (72-75)77 (76-79)80 (79-82)83 (81-84)MenDenmarkProstate45 (42-47)52 (51-53)64 (63-65)81 (81-82)90 (90-91)89 (88-90)MenFinlandProstate60 (57-63)80 (79-81)90 (89-91)95 (94-95)96 (95-96)96 (95-96)MenIcelandProstate75 (67-82)79 (76-83)85 (82-88)90 (88-92)91 (89-93)91 (89-94)MenNorway Prostate62 (60-65)75 (74-76)84 (83-85)90 (89-90)94 (94-94)95 (95-96)MenSwedenProstate67 (66-69)77 (77-78)86 (85-86)92 (92-92)93 (93-94)93 (92-93)a Follow-up window for Denmark, Norway and Sweden: 2013-2017; Finland: 2013-2016; Iceland: 2012-2017.b Age-standardized Pohar Perme estimates over 5-year intervals of calendar year. The column year is the start of each interval.Supplementary table 7. Overview of national efforts to improve cancer care in the Nordic countriesDenmarkFinlandIcelandNorwaySwedenNational cancer plansIntroduced in 2000, updates 2005, 2010, 2016Proposal for intensifying and improving cancer treatments published 2010First cancer plan developed 2013-2016 and accepted by Ministry of Health 2019Implemented 1999-2003, followed by national cancer strategy 2006Cancer strategy launched 2011 and cancer plans since 2013National care guidelinesCancer specific patient pathways established 2007-2009 and later copied in Norway and SwedenNational guidelines for time-to-treatment published 2016Treatment guidelines adapted from Nordic, European or American versionsStandardized patient assessment and treatment processes introduced 2014Cancer specific national guidelines developed and updated by the regional cancer centers since 2012Screening for colorectal cancerImplemented over a 4-year period of biannual screening starting in 2014 for ages 50-74Ages 60-69 randomized to screening in selected voluntary municipalities 2004-2016, andnew program for ages 60-74 started infrom 2019Not started, plans to start biannual screening for ages 60-69Several randomized studies, pilot project in two counties from 2012Regional in Stockholm-Gotland from 2009 for ages 60-69Screening for breast cancerImplemented in some regions in the 1990’s and for the remaining 80% of women ages 50-69 in 2007-2009Implemented gradually 1987-1992, now biannual for ages 50-69Started in 1987 for ages 40-69 Stepwise implementation 1995-2005 for all women aged 50-69Started in late 1980’s, now biannual for ages 40-74More information available here:Denmark: [Danish]Finland: [Finnish]; [Finnish]; [Finnish]Iceland: : [Norwegian]Sweden: [Swedish] ................
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