SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in ...



SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century.

a. Explain Virginia’s development; include the Virginia Company, tobacco cultivation, relationships with Native Americans such as Powhatan, development of the House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, and the development of slavery.

Why was the House of Burgesses significant?

A. It sat as court in the Salem Witch Trials.

B. It created a series of trade laws for the colonies.

C. It imposed and collected British taxes.

D. It was the start of representative government in America.

The House of Burgesses was significant because it was the start of representative government in America.

Which of the following does NOT describe Jamestown?

A. Its colonial government held the Salem Witch Trials.

B. In this colony, John Rolfe developed a tobacco cash crop

C. The colony was named after the king of England.

D. It was the first permanent English colony.

John Rolfe developed tobacco as a cash crop in Jamestown, the first permanent English colony which was named for the king of England.

The British established the Virginia Company in order to

A. protect new Puritan settlers in North America.

B. build ships to travel from Virginia to England.

C. cultivate tobacco as a cash crop.

D. import African slaves into America.

The British established the Virginia Company in order to cultivate tobacco as a cash crop.

b. Describe the settlement of New England; include religious reasons, relations with Native Americans (e.g., King Phillip’s War), the establishment of town meetings and development of a legislature, religious tensions that led to colonies such as Rhode Island, the half-way covenant, Salem Witch Trials, and the loss of the Massachusetts charter.

All of the following are examples of colonies formed by a single religious group EXCEPT

A. Jamestown

B. Plymouth

C. Massachusetts

D. Pennsylvania

Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania were all colonies that were formed by a single religious group.

Representative government in colonial America

A. provided that all members of the legislature be elected by the people

B. allowed some citizens to have a voice in the laws directly affecting them

C. answered only to the king of England

D. strengthened the power of the king of England in the colonies

Representative government in colonial America allowed some citizens to have a voice in the laws directly affecting them.

What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?

A. It allowed for voting rights for all settlers

B. It transferred ownership of the colony to the Puritans.

C. It provided for an even distribution of food among the colonists

D. It established a foundation for self-government.

The Mayflower Compact established a foundation for self-government.

c. Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies; include the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of Pennsylvania.

In 1624, a group of Dutch merchants started New Netherland. The main settlement of the colony, called New Amsterdam, grew into a major trade center. What happened to New Amsterdam?

A. It was taken over by the English in 1664 and renamed New York.

B. It was the least tolerant of the middle colonies.

C. It grew into a center for the French fur trade.

D. It was settled by Quakers who believed in religious tolerance.

New Amsterdam was taken over by the English in 1664 and renamed New York.

d. Explain the reasons for French settlement of Quebec.

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain established a settlement in Canada called Quebec. What was the purpose of the French settlement?

A. to establish a colony for religious freedom

B. to establish a fur trading post

C. to establish an English military post

D. to establish a center for New England trade

The French settlement Quebec was established as a fur trading post.

SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.

a. Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade.

All of the following descriptions provide examples of triangular trade EXCEPT

A. the Dutch settling in Japan

B. Africans being transported on ships to the Americas

C. European merchants bringing manufactured goods to trade for Africans

D. tobacco and other products being transported to Europe.

The triangle trade consisted of European merchants bringing goods to trade for Africans who were transported to the Americas, then tobacco and other products were transported to Europe.

What purpose did mercantilism have for the British?

A. to lessen the tension between European nations, particularly with Spain

B. to cooperate with the French government in trade with the American colonies

C. to increase the power of the British government through control of the Atlantic trade

D. to establish a fair economic policy allowing the colonies to become independent

The purpose of mercantilism was to increase the power of the British government through control of the Atlantic trade.

b. Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population, and African-American culture.

What happened to African cultures after Africans were sold into slavery?

A. They were outlawed by the federal government.

B. They were expressed in the customs of enslaved Africans.

C. They never became a part of plantation life.

D. They were abandoned once Africans were enslaved.

African cultures were expressed in the customs of enslaved Africans.

The Middle Passage forever transformed American society by

A. bringing millions of Africans to America for slavery

B. providing a quick trade route for American merchants

C. introducing the first Puritan settlers to New England

D. allowing the first British settlers to arrive in Jamestown

The Middle Passage forever transformed American society by bringing millions of Africans to America for slavery.

c. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism.

Which American was a model for the Enlightenment?

A. Paul Revere

B. Benjamin Franklin

C. Patrick Henry

D. Benedict Arnold

Benjamin Franklin was a model for the Enlightenment in America.



Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706, the tenth child of a father who was a soap maker. Franklin would later go on to be one of the most revered people in American history. This passage illustrates this country’s

A) reliance on large families.

B) Protestant religious heritage.

C) importance placed on education.

D) belief that anyone can succeed.

Benjamin Franklin’s life story, rising from poverty to fame, makes him a model of social mobility and illustrates the belief that anyone can succeed in America.

d. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.

The Great Awakening refers to

A. a belief in the importance of Great Britain to the colonies

B. a religious revival occurring during the 1730s and 1740s

C. a committee that supported Enlightenment

D. a driving force in the formation of representative government.

The Great Awakening refers to a religious revival occurring during the 1730s and 1740s.

SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.

The 1763 Treaty of Paris brought the French and Indian War to an end. All of the following were provisions of the treaty EXCEPT

A. France kept its sugar colonies in the West Indies

B. Great Britain gained Florida from Spain.

C. The British gained French land in Canada.

D. France became an international power in North America.

The 1763 Treaty of Paris ending the French and Indian War gave Florida and Canada to the British and allowed France to keep it colonies in the West Indies.

b. Explain colonial response to such British actions as the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence.

All of the following issues led to the American Revolution EXCEPT

A. taxation without representation

B. citizens forced to house soldiers

C. colonial trade limited to Britain

D. the limitation of government power

Issues that led to the American Revolution included taxation without representation, citizens being forced to house soldiers (Quartering Act in Boston), and colonial trade being limited to Britain (monopoly on the tea trade that led to the Boston Tea Party).

c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.

What effect did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense have on the independence movement?

A. It made people feel like the fight had been lost.

B. It inspired Americans to fight the British.

C. It increased respect for the British government.

D. It ended the American Revolution.

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense inspired Americans to fight for their independence from the British.

SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.

a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and Montesquieu, and the role of Thomas Jefferson.

Use the information below to answer the question.

“That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of

these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it.”

These words from the Declaration of Independence describe the enlightened idea of a

A. need to ensure a representative government

B. return to a society that has no central authority

C. social contract between the government and the people

D. revolutionary intent to overthrow the current government.

The Declaration of Independence describes the enlightened idea of a social contract between the government and the people.

b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette.

What role did France play in the American Revolution?

A. It made a pact with Spain to divide American territory after the war.

B. It sold weapons and services to both sides in order to make a profit.

C. It allied itself with the revolutionaries in order to weaken Britain.

D. It assisted the British, for its rulers feared a similar French revolution.

(correct answer C)

In the American Revolution, France allied itself with the American revolutionaries in order to weaken Britain.

During the Revolutionary War, Benjamin Franklin served as a

A. spy in Britain

B. diplomat in France

C. commander in Boston

D. politician in Philadelphia

(correct answer B)

During the Revolutionary War, Benjamin Franklin served as a diplomat in France.

c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Valley Forge.

What can be said about George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army?

A. He had amazing resolve and kept his troops inspired even after the loss of New York.

B. He lacked the leadership skills needed during difficult times.

C. He was not able to convince his men to stay through the winter at Valley Forge.

D. He did not believe a professional army was needed to fight the British.

George Washington had amazing resolve and kept his troops inspired even after the loss of New York.

d. Explain Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.

Which statement describes the Battle of Yorktown?

A. It allowed American and French forces to trap Cornwallis and 8,000 British troops.

B. It created a new alliance between Great Britain and Spain.

C. It was a significant British victory over the Continentals.

D. It was a surprise attack by British troops over cold and starving Continentals.

The victory at the Battle of Yorktown allowed the American and French forces to trap Cornwallis and 8,000 British troops.

SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution.

a. Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and Daniel Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger central government.

One reason why the Constitution was adopted over the Articles of Confederation was

  A) the Articles gave too much power to the national government.

  B) the states were not free to trade among themselves under the Articles.

  C) small states were underrepresented under the Articles of Confederation.

  D) Shay’s Rebellion revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Shay’s Rebellion revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation illustrating the need for a stronger national government.

b. Evaluate the major arguments of the anti-Federalists and Federalists during the debate on ratification of the Constitution as put forth in The Federalist concerning form of government, factions, checks and balances, and the power of the executive, including the roles of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.

Use the information below to answer the question.

Lawmakers have tried to pass this campaign finance law twice. Both times, the president has vetoed the law. This time, most believe the U.S. Supreme Court would uphold the law if it came before the Court.

What does this information describe?

A. the power of the Great Compromise

B. the importance of federalism

C. the system of checks and balances

D. the need to reform government

The Constitution’s system of checks and balances includes the president’s power to veto laws and the Supreme Court’s power to uphold laws as constitutional.



The Federalist Papers were written to encourage

A) the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

B) the ratification of the Constitution.

C) delegates in Philadelphia to write a new constitution.

D) states to send delegates to the Philadelphia Convention.

The Federalist Papers were written to encourage the ratification of the Constitution.

c. Explain the key features of the Constitution, specifically the Great Compromise, separation of powers, limited government, and the issue of slavery.

The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention essentially established

A. a bicameral legislature for the federal government

B. a Supreme Court that oversaw all other federal courts

C. an electoral college for choosing the head executive officer

D. a system that allowed for amending the Constitution

The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention established a bicameral legislature for the federal government.

The delegates who created the United States Constitution devised a government that was divided into three separate branches. What was the purpose of this division?

A) To protect individual liberties and freedoms

B) To provide for freedom of speech and religion

C) To guarantee that power came from the consent of the people

D) To make sure that no one group or individual had too much power

The Constitution created a government that was divided into three separate branches to make sure that no one branch had too much power.

d. Analyze how the Bill of Rights serves as a protector of individual and states’ rights.

Use the quote below to answer the question.

“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”

Which part of the Constitution is quoted above?

A. the Preamble

B. the First Amendment

C. the Fourth Amendment

D. the Fifth Amendment

The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees the people’s right to freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton).

How did the Whiskey Rebellion affect George Washington’s Presidency?

A. It showed his skills in negotiating state interests in Congress.

B. It exposed the President as powerless to intervene in state and local matters.

C. It forced him to utilize a strong national army to stop domestic unrest.

D. It made his popularity legendary once he repealed the unpopular Whiskey Tax.

(correct answer C)

The Whiskey Rebellion forced President George Washington to utilize a strong national army to stop domestic unrest.

Against the wisdom of George Washington, political parties emerged with the 1796 elections. The Federalists, who supported the policies of Alexander Hamilton, were opposed to the Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson. What was one philosophical difference between the Federalists and the Republicans?

A. the disagreement over whether the president should serve for life

B. a strong central government versus strong state governments

C. the ability of the Federalists to lead the country in war

D. the importance of creating a system of checks and balances in government

One difference between the Federalist and the Republican parties was a strong central government versus strong state governments.

SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation.

a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

How did the Northwest Ordinance lead to the creation of new states?

A. It allowed the United States to seize lands from Canada and divide them into states.

B. It granted the U.S. military the power to create states west of the Mississippi River.

C. It allowed western territories to apply for statehood once they reached a certain size.

D. It established Illinois and Michigan as free states to balance the number of slave states.

(correct answer C)

The Northwest Ordinance allowed western territories to apply for statehood once they reached a certain size.

b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark.

What was the importance of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

A. It dismissed the idea of a water route to the Pacific Ocean.

B. It established treaties with native American groups.

C. It provided boundaries for future western states.

D. It provided valuable information on western lands.

The Lewis and Clark expedition provided valuable information on western lands.

c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity.

What was the foremost reason for the War of 1812?

A. the quest for westward expansion beyond the Mississippi River

B. the establishment of a representative government in America

C. the French fur trade in Canada and in western United States

D. the British policy of searching American ships and impressment of sailors

The foremost reason for the War of 1812 was the British policy of searching American ships and the impressment of sailors.

d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure.

The Erie Canal was significant for early America because it

A. provided vital irrigation for the farmlands in the northern territories.

B. aided the rebels in transporting supplies and troops during the revolution.

C. connected New York’s ports to the western interior for increased commerce.

D. allowed ships to travel from the northern states to southern states quickly.

(correct answer C)

The Erie Canal was significant for early America because it connected New York’s ports to the western interior for increased commerce.

e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

The Monroe Doctrine was important to American history because it

A. expressed America’s willingness to intervene in the internal conflicts of Europe

B. directly opposed further European colonization anywhere in the world

C. showed that the United States would protect the Americas as a sphere of influence

D. accepted Spanish and French expansion in the Americas in order to form an alliance

(correct answer C)

The Monroe Doctrine showed that the U.S. would protect the Americas as a sphere of influence.

SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it.

a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets.

What was the importance of interchangeable parts during the Industrial Revolution of the early 19th century?

A. They allowed for the mass production and reduced price of producing American goods.

B. They brought fame to the international inventor Eli Whitney.

C. They were first used in production of the cotton gin.

D. They revolutionized the cotton gin.

Interchangeable parts, introduced by Eli Whitney, allowed for the mass production and reduced price of producing American goods.

b. Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny.

Americans used the concept of Manifest Destiny to justify

A. the use of slavery by believing myths of whites’ racial superiority over blacks.

B. westward expansion by claiming they had to spread democracy.

C. an increase in industry by arguing that they had to become a global power.

D. a military in Latin America by reasoning that the area was a sphere of influence.

(correct answer B)

Americans used the concept of Manifest Destiny to justify westward expansion by claiming they had to spread democracy.

c. Describe reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public school.

All of the following were part of the reform movements of the first half of the 19th century EXCEPT

A. public schools

B. labor unions

C. temperance

D. abolitionism

Reform Movements of the early 19th century included temperance, abolitionism, and public education.

d. Explain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Conference.

What was the main purpose of the Seneca Falls Conference?

A. To promote the temperance movement and other religious agendas

B. To settle the debates about creating new states in the Western Territories

C. To argue that women deserved to be socially and politically equal to men

D. To consolidate growing opposition to slavery in the United States

(correct answer C)

The main purpose of the Seneca Falls Conference was to argue that women deserved to be socially and politically equal to men.

e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of American nationalism.

Which is the BEST description of Jacksonian Democracy?

A. It promoted both participation in government by all citizens and the spoils system.

B. It developed an elitist approach to government with wealth directing policies.

C. It reduced the number of federal legislators and increased the president’s power.

D. It expanded the power of the rich and reduced the power of small farmers.

Jacksonian Democracy promoted participation in government by all citizens and utilized the spoils system.

SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.

a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters).

What was the result of the slave rebellion of Nat Turner?

A. abolition

B. the Wilmot Proviso

C. the Missouri Compromise

D. greater restrictions on slaves.

A. Frederick Douglass

B. the Grimke sisters.

C. John C. Calhoun.

D. William Lloyd Garrison

Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and the Grimke sisters were leaders in abolitionism.

The Grimke sisters famously argued that

A. women should sympathize with the oppression of blacks and thus oppose slavery.

B. the racist treatment of Native Americans was worse than that of African-Americans.

C. slavery was necessary for the economy and the union, as their family was slaveholders.

D. women should not damage their quest for equality by supporting abolitionists.

(correct answer A)

The Grimke sisters famously argued that women should sympathize with the oppression of blacks and thus oppose slavery.

b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.

How did the 1820 Missouri Compromise maintain a balance of slave and free states?

A. It allowed the citizens of each state to decide whether they should be slave or free.

B. Missouri entered the Union as a slave state while Maine entered as a free state.

C. Congress agreed to allow states to vote on whether they wanted to be free or slave.

D. The southern states agreed to abandon the Ordinance of Nullification and not secede.

The 1820 Missouri Compromise maintained a balance of slave and free states by allowing Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

How did the Missouri Compromise affect the expansion of slavery into western territories?

A. It allowed slavery only in Missouri and western territories south of Missouri.

B. It permitted Missouri to have slaves but forbade slavery in all other Western territories.

C. It forced Missouri to be a free state but permitted western states to choose slavery.

D. It allowed all western areas to become slave states as long as they didn’t outnumber free states.

(correct answer A)

The Missouri Compromise affected the expansion of slavery into western territories by limiting slavery to Missouri and western territories south of Missouri (drawing the line at 36° 30’ latitude).

c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism.

Which of the following issues led to the development of sectionalism?

A. controversy over the Bill of Rights

B. disagreement over the Declaration of Independence

C. states’ rights versus the power of the federal government

D. the right of steamships to freely navigate New York Harbor

The issue of states’ rights versus the power of the federal government led to the development of sectionalism.

How did the Nullification Crisis threaten the unity of the United States?

A. It indicated that some states would try to ignore federal law within their borders.

B. It showed that President Jackson could disregard decisions of the Supreme Court.

C. It forced slave states and free states to confront each other over abolition.

D. It almost enabled the President to nullify federal laws passed by Congress.

(correct answer A)

The Nullification Crisis threatened the unity of the U.S. because it indicated that some states would try to ignore federal law within their borders.

d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso.

What was the outcome of the Mexican-American War?

A. Texas became a separate nation.

B. Mexico gained its independence from Spain.

C. The U.S. annexed 500,000 square miles of territory.

D. Americans began moving past the Louisiana Territory.

The U.S. annexed 500,000 square miles of territory because of the outcome of the Mexican-American War.

Why was the Wilmot Proviso controversial in 19th Century America?

A. It tried to prevent slavery in territories America won in the Mexican War.

B. It denounced the invasion of Mexico as immoral imperialist expansionism.

C. It advocated the complete destruction of Native American tribes in Mexican lands.

D. It argued that conquered Mexican citizens should replace blacks as slaves.

(correct answer A)

The Wilmot Proviso was controversial because it tried to prevent slavery in territories America won in the Mexican War.

e. Explain the Compromise of 1850.

The Compromise of 1850 conflicted with the Missouri Compromise because

A. It restricted slavery to states below the Mason-Dixon Line.

B. It assured that Congress would maintain a balance of free and slave states.

C. It allowed states to determine their status regarding slavery.

D. It called for an end to slavery by the beginning of the 20th century.

The Compromise of 1850 conflicted with the Missouri Compromise because it allowed states to determine their status regarding slavery (erasing the line drawn at 36° 30’ latitude).

SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.

a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.

According to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, whether a state was free or slave would be determined by

A. whether it would maintain a balance in Congress

B. a majority vote in Congress

C. a vote in the state legislature

D. popular sovereignty

According to the Kansas Nebraska Act, whether a state was free or slave would be determined by popular sovereignty.

Which of the following is one reason why the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision increased tensions between slave and free states?

A. Slave states could no longer import blacks for the purpose of slavery.

B. Slave states could now enslave any free blacks passing through their territory.

C. A slave who entered a free state would now be considered a free U.S. citizen.

D. A slave’s status of enslavement would now be recognized within free states.

(correct answer D)

The Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision increased tensions between slave states and free states because it established that a slave’s status as “property” would now be recognized within free states.

b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.

President Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address primarily expressed

A. his personal disgust at southern racism.

B. boastful pride about the Union’s military might.

C. profound regret about the Civil War’s violence.

D. his determination to maintain the Union.

(correct answer D)

President Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address primarily expressed his determination to maintain the Union.

c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.

How did General William T. Sherman mainly contribute to the Union’s victory in the Civil War?

A. He stopped General Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg, turning the tide of the conflict.

B. He defeated Stonewall Jackson at the Second Battle of Bull Run, thus removing Jackson.

C. He inspired successful slave uprisings throughout the South and hurt the Confederacy.

D. He marched from Atlanta to Savannah and destroyed a main supply-line for the rebels.

(correct answer D)

General William T. Sherman contributed to the Union victory by marching from Atlanta to Savannah and destroying a main supply-line for the rebels.

On April 10, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. This signaled the end of

A. the Seven Years’ War

B. the Mexican-American War

C. the Civil War

D. the Spanish-American War

On April 10, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, Virginia signaling the end of the Civil War.

d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta.

Which of the following was the opening battle of the Civil War?

A. The Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863

B. The Battle at Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861

C. The First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July 21, 1861

D. The Battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862

The Civil War began with the Battle at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.

e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Which document only symbolically freed Southern slaves, but created a moral focus for the Civil War?

A. the Thirteenth Amendment

B. the Gettysburg Address

C. the Emancipation Proclamation

D. the Fugitive Slave Law

The Emancipation Proclamation only symbolically freed Southern slaves, but it created a moral focus for the Civil War.

f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.

The North had greater resources than the South in all of the following categories EXCEPT

A. population

B. miles of railroad

C. military leaders

D. manufactured goods

The North had greater resources than the South in population, manufactured goods, and miles of railroad.

SSUSH10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction.

a. Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with Radical Republican Reconstruction.

In President Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, he tried to bring healing to the nation by advising “With malice toward none; with charity toward all.” Within a month he was assassinated and Vice President Andrew Johnson became president. Which BEST describes Reconstruction under the efforts of President Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress?

A. Both Johnson and the Radical Republicans followed Lincoln’s lead.

B. The Radical Republicans agreed with Lincoln but Johnson did not.

C. Radical Republicans disagreed with Johnson and sought to punish the South.

D. Johnson agreed with Radical Republicans that the South must allow blacks to vote.

Radical Republicans in Congress disagreed with President Johnson’s efforts at Reconstruction and sought to punish the South.

b. Explain efforts to redistribute land in the South among the former slaves and provide advanced education (e.g., Morehouse College) and describe the role of the Freedmen’s Bureau.

Schools like Morehouse College in Georgia are examples of the efforts of the Freedman’s Bureau to establish educational facilities for African Americans during

A. the Great Depression

B. Reconstruction

C. the Roaring Twenties

D. the 1950s

Schools like Morehouse College in Georgia are examples of the efforts of the Freedman’s Bureau to establish educational facilities for African Americans during Reconstruction.

c. Describe the significance of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

The Fourteenth Amendment forever shaped post-Civil War America by

A. ending slavery in Confederate states.

B. making African Americans citizens.

C. granting universal suffrage to American adults.

D. providing reparations to former slaves.

(correct answer B)

The Fourteenth Amendment forever shaped post-Civil War America by making African-Americans citizens.

In order, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments granted African American males

A. freedom, citizenship, and the right to vote

B. citizenship, the right to own property, and freedom

C. the right to vote, freedom, and education

D. citizenship, the right to own property, and the right to vote

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments granted African-American males freedom, citizenship, and the right to vote.

d. Explain Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, and other forms of resistance to racial equality during Reconstruction.

The Black Codes were basically

A. discriminatory laws against blacks passed prior to the Civil War.

B. racist state laws passed against Southern blacks in reaction to Reconstruction.

C. temporary laws in occupied states that allowed blacks to vote and hold office.

D. federal laws that punished Southern states for their mistreatment of blacks.

(correct answer B)

The Black Codes were racist state laws passed against Southern blacks in reaction to Reconstruction.

e. Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to Reconstruction.

How did the impeachment of Andrew Johnson affect Reconstruction?

A. It accelerated Reconstruction because Johnson became compliant to the Republicans.

B. It delayed Reconstruction because a conflict arose between the President and Congress.

C. It stopped Reconstruction because an impeached President wasn’t able to appoint necessary officials.

D. It spread Reconstruction to all states because the impeachment was unpopular and provoked riots.

(correct answer A)

Reconstruction accelerated after Andrew Johnson’s impeachment because he became compliant to the Radical Republicans.

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