Verb Forms in English



Present Verb Forms in English

| |Simple Present |Present Progressive |Present Perfect |Present Perfect Progressive |

|How do you form |Add s for 3rd person singular to root form |[to be—present] + verb + ing |[to have—present] + past participle |[to have—present] + been + verb + ing |

|it? | | |of verb | |

|Why do you use |To describe actions that are habitual: |To describe actions that are going on |To highlight things from the past in |To describe things that started in the past and |

|it? |I walk on Tuesdays. |right now or in the near future: |the present moment: |are still happening now: |

| | |I am walking home from school today. |I have walked to school every day |I have been walking to school for 5 years. |

| | | |this year. | |

|How do you make a|Use a form of [do—present], then V1-S-V2: |V1-S-V2 |V1-S-V2 |V1-S-V2 |

|question with it?|Does he walk to school every day? |Are you walking home from school today?|Have you walked home every day this |How long have you been walking to school? |

| | | |year? | |

|How do you make a|Use [do—present] + not + root form of verb:|Use not or never after V1: |Use not or never after V1: |Use not after V1: |

|negative with it?|I don’t walk to school on Tuesdays. |I am not walking home from school |I have not walked to school for a |I have not been walking to school for a long |

| | |today. |year. |time, just since last month. |

| | | | | |

|I |walk |am walking |have walked |have been walking |

|You |walk |are walking |have walked |have been walking |

|He/She/It |walks |is walking |has walked |has been walking |

|We |walk |are walking |have walked |have been walking |

|They |walk |are walking |have walked |have been walking |

Past Verb Forms in English

| |Simple Past |Past Progressive |Used to |Past Perfect |Past Perfect Progressive |

|How do you form |verb + ed |[to be—past] + verb + ing |used to + verb |had + past participle of verb |had + been + verb + ing |

|it? | | | | | |

|Why do you use it?|To describe actions that |To describe actions that were in |To describe actions that|To describe actions that happened |To describe actions that were in the |

| |happened once or are |the process of happening: |happened habitually in |before a specified time in the past |process of happening before a specified |

| |completed: |I was walking home when I saw a |the past: |(the “past past”): |time in the past: |

| |I walked home yesterday. |gorilla! |I used to walk home when|John called me to offer me a ride |Before they opened the new metro stop, I |

| | | |I lived near the metro. |from the metro, but I had already |had been walking to school for three |

| | | | |walked home. |years. |

|How do you make a |Use did + root form of |Use [to be—past] + verb + ing: |Use did + use to + verb:|Use had + past participle of verb: |Use had + been + verb + ing: |

|question with it? |verb: |Were you walking home yesterday | |Had she walked to school before you |Had she been walking to school for a long |

| |Did you walk home |when I saw you? |Did you use to walk to |called her? |time before the metro stop opened? |

| |yesterday? | |school? | | |

|How do you make a |Use did + not + root form |Use [to be—past] + not + verb + |Use did + not + use to +|Use had + not + past participle of |Use had + been + verb + ing: |

|negative with it? |of verb: |ing: |verb: |verb: |She had not been walking to school for a |

| |I did not walk home |I was not walking home yesterday |I didn’t use to walk to |She had not walked to school before |long time before the metro stop opened. |

| |yesterday. |when you saw me; I was walking to |school when I was a kid.|you called her. | |

| | |the park. | | | |

| | | | | | |

|You |walked |were walking |used to walk |had walked |had been walking |

|He/She/It |walked |was walking |used to walk |had walked |had been walking |

|We |walked |were walking |used to walk |had walked |had been walking |

|They |walked |were walking |used to walk |had walked |had been walking |

Future Verb Forms in English

| |Simple Future |be going to |Present Progressive |Simple Present |Future Perfect |Future Perfect Progressive |

|How do you form |will + verb |[to be—present] + going to +|[to be—present] + verb + ing|Add s for 3rd person singular |will + have + past participle |will + have + been + verb + ing |

|it? | |verb | |to root form |of verb | |

|Why do you use it?|To describe actions that|To describe actions that you|To describe arranged events |To describe actions that are |To describe actions that have |To describe actions that are in the |

| |will definitely happen |want to do one day |or things in the near |scheduled at a specific time: |happened at a specified time in|process of happening after a |

| |in the future or |(unspecified time): |future: |I walk home at 3:30 today. |the future (the “future past”):|specified time in the future: |

| |predictions: |I’m going to walk home |I am walking home from | |I will have walked three miles |I will have been walking for three |

| |I will walk home |sometime instead of driving.|school today. | |by the time the day is over. |hours by the time you come to pick |

| |tomorrow. | | | | |me up. |

| | | | | | | |

|You |walked |are going to walk |are walking |walk |will have walked |will have been walking |

|He/She/It |walked |is going to walk |is walking |walks |will have walked |will have been walking |

|We |walked |are going to walk |are walking |walk |will have walked |will have been walking |

|They |walked |are going to walk |are walking |walk |will have walked |will have been walking |

Modal Verb Forms in English

| |Ability and Permission |Advice |Necessity |Preference |

|Modal + verb |can/could (present/past) |should |must |would rather |

| |will/would (present/past) |had better | | |

| |may |Why don’t/doesn’t + subject + | | |

| |Do you mind if [I] |Why not | | |

|Modal + to + verb |be able to |might want to |have to |(would) hate to |

| | |ought to |have got to |(would) like to |

| | | |need to |(would) love to |

| | | | |(would) prefer to |

| | | | |(would) want to |

|How do you make a |Can/could you go to the movies with me? |Should I go to the movies tonight? |Must we go to the movies tonight? |Would you rather go to the movies |

|question with it? |Will/would you go to the movies with me? |Why don’t we go to the movies tonight? |Do we have to go to the movies tonight? |tonight? |

| |May I go to the movies tomorrow? |Why not go to the movies tonight? |Do we need to go to the movies tonight? |Would you like to go to the movies |

| |Do you mind if I go to the movies with you tonight | | |tonight? |

| |instead of tomorrow? |NO HAD BETTER QUESTIONS |NO HAVE GOT TO QUESTIONS |Do you like to go to the movies? (in |

| | |NO MIGHT HAVE TO QUESTIONS | |general) |

| | |NO OUGHT TO QUESTIONS | |All other expressions in box above work |

| | | | |the same way |

|How do you make a |I can’t/couldn’t go to the movies with you. |I should not go to the movies tonight. |I mustn’t go to the movies tonight. |I would rather not go to the movies |

|negative with it? |I won’t/wouldn’t go to the movies with you. |I had better not go to the movies tonight. |(better as can’t) |tonight. |

| |You may not go to the movies tomorrow. |I might not want to go to the movies tonight. |I don’t have to go to the movies tonight.|I wouldn’t like to go to the movies |

| |I don’t mind if you go to the movies tomorrow. |I ought not to go to the movies tonight. |I don’t need to go to the movies tonight.|tonight. OR |

| | | | |I wouldn’t like going to the movies |

| | | |NO HAVE GOT TO NEGATIVES |tonight. |

| | | | |I don’t like to go to the movies. (in |

| | | | |general) |

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