Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases
Everyday Chemistry!
Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids :
Examples?
Properties of Bases
Bases:
Examples?
The pH Scale
Acids have a pH from
Bases have a pH from
Neutral solutions have a pH of
pH is based on the amount of in a solution.
( Sketch the pH scale below, and put a few real world examples onto it.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |11 |12 |13 |14 | |
What’s “H+” got to do with it?
There are two definitions for acids and bases.
The Definitions:
Acid - a substance that .
ex.
Base - a substance that .
ex.
Definition #2
BrØnsted - Lowry Definition
H+ is a , so:
Acid - Any substance that can .
ex.
Base - Any substance that can accept H+ ions. A proton acceptor
ex.
Water--Acid or Base?
It can behave like
Lose an H+ to become
Gain an H+ to become
2H2O (l) ( H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
pH Calculations
pH is based on the concentration of ion in a solution. The formula is:
pH =
Or it may be rearranged to:
[H+] =
So, since pure water has pH = 7:
[H+]H2O =
Example Calculations
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is 5.21 x 10-2 M. What is its pH?
Calculate [H+] for a solution with a pH of 8.32.
Strong & Weak Acids
Strong Acid - an acid that :
ex.
Weak Acid - an acid that :
ex.
Strong & Weak Bases
Strong Base - a base that :
ex.
Weak Base - an base that :
ex.
Acid + Base ==> ??
Acids and bases each other. When equal amounts of come together, they make !
Acid + Base -->
ex. HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) -->
What’s the mnemonic for remembering this?
Buffers
Buffers:
A buffer is a .
Therefore, a buffer is at a .
These contain .
There are buffers keeping your blood at pH =
Indicators
A chemical that shows whether something is an acid or base .
ex.
ex.
What else are we doing in this unit?
Naming Acids and Bases
Calculating pH, pOH, [H+], [OH-]
Write neutralization reactions
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