A SIMPLE EXCHANGE OF VALUES: MONEY IN THE SUN ALSO RISES - UNCG

A SIMPLE EXCHANGE OF VALUES: MONEY IN THE SUN ALSO RISES

A Thesis by

WARREN DEAN CATES

Submitted to the Graduate School at Appalachian State University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS

December 2016 Department of English

A SIMPLE EXCHANGE OF VALUES: MONEY IN THE SUN ALSO RISES

A Thesis by

WARREN DEAN CATES December 2016

APPROVED BY:

Carl Eby, Ph.D. Chairperson, Thesis Committee

Baak ?andar, Ph. D. Member, Thesis Committee

Germ?n Campos-Mu?oz, Ph. D. Member, Thesis Committee

Carl Eby, Ph. D. Chairperson, Department of English

Max C. Poole, Ph.D. Dean, Cratis D. Williams School of Graduate Studies

Copyright by Warren Dean Cates 2016 All Rights Reserved

Abstract A SIMPLE EXCHANGE OF VALUES: MONEY IN THE SUN ALSO RISES

Warren Dean Cates B.A., Appalachian State University M.A., Appalachian State University

Chairperson: Carl Eby, Ph.D.

Throughout The Sun Also Rises, money is a central metaphor. Although scholars have paid a great deal of attention to money in the novel, they have largely failed to move beyond its explicit mentions to examine economics more broadly or to analyze money outside the context of the Hemingway `code.' In this essay, I argue that the characters' use of money classifies them socially in terms of gender, titles, and religion, and that these social classifications form their own economies beyond explicit monetary exchange. Additionally, I argue that money positions the expatriates culturally, since the majority of their interactions with French and Spanish nationals are mediated by money and since characters such as Jake Barnes even evaluate France and Spain in terms of the function of money in those countries. Together, these modes of analysis expand the critical conversation surrounding money in The Sun Also Rises to incorporate new perspectives and to move beyond simplistic readings of a central metaphor in a novel, which so rarely provides simple answers.

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Acknowledgments I would like to express my special appreciation to Dr. Carl Eby for his tremendous support and flexibility throughout this project. Without his immense knowledge of Hemingway's life and works this project would have been impossible. You have continually challenged my thinking and writing throughout my academic career and have served as an excellent mentor. Additionally, I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Baak ?andar and Dr. Germ?n Campos-Mu?oz for supporting me through this process and for introducing me to many of the theories that function in the background of my analysis. Your willingness to adapt to the changing goals and timelines of this project has been nothing short of heroic, and your support and guidance have helped me navigate a daunting semester. I want to express my gratitude to my family for their emotional support through a busy period. Your consistency and willingness to be understanding about my busy schedule have relieved a great deal of pressure. Finally, I want to thank my lovely fianc? for always being there to give advice or to provide emotional support regardless of my mood or the hour.

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Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................v List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ vii Foreword .......................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Social Positioning and Economic Systems in The Sun Also Rises...................39 Chapter 2: Money as Cultural Mediator in The Sun Also Rises.........................................86 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................113 References ........................................................................................................................118 Vita ...................................................................................................................................121

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List of Abbreviations CSS The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway SAR The Sun Also Rises

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Foreword Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of this thesis will be submitted to The Hemingway Review, an international peer-reviewed journal owned and published by The Hemingway Society; it has been formatted according to the style guide for that journal.

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