Programming Languages - Computer Science
Programming Languages
-- An Overview --
COMP 524: Programming Language Concepts Bj?rn B. Brandenburg The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Based in part on slides and notes by S. Olivier, A. Block, N. Fisher, F. Hernandez-Campos, and D. Stotts.
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
02: Programming Languages
COMP 524: Programming Language Concepts
A Brief History of Modern Computing
Early computers required rewiring. For example, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer, 1946) programed with patch cords. Reprogramming took weeks. Used to compute artillery tables.
Von Neumann: stored program computers. Innovation: program is data. Program stored in core memory. Allowed for "rapid" reprogramming.
Early programming. Programmers wrote bare machine code. Essentially, strings of zeros and ones. Created with punchcards.
Magnetic core memory. Each core is one bit. Source: Wikimedia Commons Credit: H.J. Sommer III, Professor of Mechanical
Engineering, Penn State University
UNC Chapel Hill
Brandenburg -- Spring 2010
2
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
02: Programming Languages
COMP 524: Programming Language Concepts
Machine Code
A punch card. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Limitations. Hard for humans to read and write. Very error-prone. Slow development.
UNC Chapel Hill
Brandenburg -- Spring 2010
3
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
02: Programming Languages
COMP 524: Programming Language Concepts
Assembly Code
Idea: use the computer to simplify programming! Possible since programs are data. Computer transforms human-
readable input into machine code.
First step: direct mapping. Use mnemonic abbreviations for
instructions. One abbreviations for each instruction.
Also encode operands.
Computer assembles real program by mapping each line to its machine code equivalent, thus creating a new program.
Assemblers are still in use today.
UNC Chapel Hill
Brandenburg -- Spring 2010
4
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
02: Programming Languages
Assembly Code
Idea: use the computer toExsaimmpplel:ify programming! Intel x86-32 machine code and Possible sinceapssreomgbrlay mlansguaargee dofajatava.c program. Computer transforms human-
readable input into machine code.
COMP 524: Programming Language Concepts
Machine Code
Instructions Operands
First step: direct mapping. Use mnemonic abbreviations for
instructions. One abbreviations for each instruction.
Also encode operands.
Computer assembles real program by mapping each line to its machine code equivalent, thus creating a new program.
Assemblers are still in use today.
UNC Chapel Hill
Brandenburg -- Spring 2010
5
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
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