Steven A - professorfink



Steven A. Fink; Instructor

PHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 6:

Introduction to the Nervous System

True/False

____ 1. In a lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is drawn from the central canal of the spinal cord.

____ 2. Each neuron synthesizes and releases only 1 type of chemical transmitter at its numerous synaptic knobs.

____ 3. Information relayed by visceral sensory neurons does not usually reach consciousness.

____ 4. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is normally formed only when the person is sleeping or lying in a horizontal position.

____ 5. An epidural block causes both loss of sensation & paralysis.

____ 6. There are 8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 7 lumbar nerves, 5 sacral nerves, and 1 coccygeal nerves.

____ 7. Astrocytes form the myelin sheaths in the CNS.

____ 8. The Choroid Plexus is a vascularized membrane located in the subarachnoid space.

____ 9. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) has the same composition as blood plasma.

____10. The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and the cranial nerves.

____11. Sensory nerve fibers transmit impulses from the CNS to the effectors of the body.

____12. Nerve and muscle cells are the only excitable cells of the body.

____13. All living cells possess an electrical voltage.

____14. Synapses permit 2-way transmission of signals between two neurons.

____15. Afferent neurons originate in the CNS.

Multiple Choice

____16. Where is a local anesthetic injected, in order to produce a Spinal ("saddle") Block?

(a) into the central canal of the spinal cord

(b) just outside the dural membrane

(c) in the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane

(d) in the space between the gray matter and white matter of the spinal

cord

(e) in the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater

____17. Cerebro-spinal Fluid (CSF) is formed by the:

(a) cerebral ganglia

(b) arachnoid membrane

(c) dura mater

(d) choroid plexus

(e) limbic system

____18. Which one of the following types of neurons has a unipolar shape?

(a) somatic motorneurons

(b) autonomic motorneurons

(c) interneurons

(d) sensory neurons

____19. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is chemically most similar to:

(a) intracellular fluid

(b) blood plasma

(c) tissue fluid

(d) urine

(e) gastric juice

____20. The more differentiated & specialized a cell is, the:

(a) more negative its resting membrane potential

(b) less permeable it is to Na+

(c) greater its metabolic rate

(d) less frequently it undergoes mitosis

(e) longer its Electrical Refractory Period

___21. Somatic motorneurons innervate the:

(a) heart

(b) stomach

(c) diaphragm

(d) liver

(e) urinary bladder

____22. The cells that form the myelin sheath around the interneurons within the Central Nervous System are called:

(a) astrocytes

(b) oligodendrocytes

(c) Schwann cells

(d) microglia

(e) ependymal cells

____23. Which one of the following is an "excitable cell"?

(a) liver cell

(b) skin cell

(c) white blood cells

(d) cardiac muscle cell

(e) sperm cell

____24. The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the:

(a) brain

(b) brain & spinal cord

(c) brain & the 12 pairs of cranial nerves

(d) brain, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, & the spinal cord

(e) brain, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, the spinal cord, & the 31 pairs of

spinal nerves

____25. Which one of the following types of cells form the Blood Brain Barrier?

(a) microglia

(b) Schwann cells

(c) astrocytes

(d) oligodendrocytes

(e) lymphocytes

____26. Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the

cell body region?

(a) nodes of Ranvier

(b) Schwann cells

(c) choroid plexus

(d) dendrite

(e) axon

____27. Which one of the following best describes a "unipolar-shaped" neuron?

(a) one neuronal process that becomes an axon

(b) many dendrites and a single axon

(c) two neuronal processes; one dendrite and one axon

(d) one neuronal process that becomes a dendrite

(e) one neuronal process that splits into one axon and one dendrite

____28. Blood is carried from the brain down into the neck by the:

(a) internal jugular vein

(b) external jugular vein

(c) carotid canal

(d) central canal

(e) azygos vein

____29. Microglia are involved in:

(a) insulation of the neuronal processes

(b) secreting cerebrospinal fluid

(c) nourishing the neuron

(d) forming the blood-brain barrier

(e) fighting infection

____30. Which type of muscle tissue, found in the walls of the intestines, is responsible for peristalsis?

(a) cardiac

(b) skeletal

(c) smooth

(d) extrinsic

(e) intrinsic

____31. Spinal nerves contain:

(a) axons of sensory nerve fibers & dendrites of motor nerve fibers

(b) axons of motor nerve fibers & dendrites of sensory nerve fibers

(c) dendrites & axons of sensory nerve fibers

(d) dendrites & axons of motor nerve fibers

(e) none of the above

____32. Which one of the following cells loses its ability to undergo cell division?

(a) astrocytes

(b) ependymal cells

(c) interneurons

(d) oligodendrocytes

(e) microglia

____33. Electrical impulses are conducted from the Central Nervous System to the muscles and glands of the body by:

(a) motorneurons

(b) interneurons

(c) sensory neurons

(d) visceral muscle fibers

(e) striated muscle fibers

____34. Neurons that transmit Action Potentials from the receptors to the CNS are called:

(a) motorneurons

(b) interneurons

(c) bipolar neurons

(d) sensory neurons

(e) efferent neurons

____35. The cavities within the brain are called:

(a) sulci

(b) chorid plexus

(c) nuclei

(d) ventricles

(e) commissures

____36. The Blood Brain Barrier prevents the passage of all of the following EXCEPT:

(a) many hormones

(b) most bacteria

(c) white blood cells

(d) red blood cells

(e) lipid-soluble substances

____37. The spinal cord passes through the:

(a) vertebral bodies

(b) intervertebral discs

(c) intervertebral foramina

(d) the vertebral canal (foramen)

(e) the central canal

____38. Neuroglia located between capillaries and neurons to form part of the "blood-brain barrier" are called:

(a) astrocytes

(b) oligodendroglia

(c) microglia

(d) Schwann cells

(e) ependymal cells

____39. What structure is necessary for regeneration to occur after injury to a neuronal process?

(a) the axon

(b) the dendrite

(c) the synaptic knobs

(d) the neurolemma (Schwann cells or oligodendroglial cells)

____40. Neurotransmitter chemicals are released by _______ of a neuron.

(a) the dendrites

(b) the axons

(c) both (a) & (b)

(d) none of the above

____41. The function of the Choroid Plexus is to:

(a) receive sensations from the viscera

(b) control the diaphragm muscle

(c) produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

(d) reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

(e) transmit Action Potentials from one cerebral hemisphere to the other

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Matching Select the best term from the right column that matches the statements on the left. Fill-in the bubbles on your SCAN-TRON that exactly match the letter combination that appears just in front of the term.

____42. synonym for "sensory" A. afferent

B. efferent

____43. a drug that reduces pain C. analgesic

D. anti-pyretic

____44. accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid E. pia mater

AB. commissures

____45. the gaps between Schwann cells in AC. ganglia

myelinated nerve fibers AD. catabolism

AE. anabolism

____46. loss of sensation BC. electrolytes

BD. karyotype

____47. synonym for "motor" BE. corticosteroids

CD. anesthesia

CE. dendrite

DE. axon

ABC. local response

ABD. motorunit

ABE. ischemia

ACD. somatic motorneurons

ACE. interneurons

ADE. convulsions

BCD. hydrocephaly

BCE. nodes of Ranvier

BDE. seizure

CDE. lesion

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