MECHANICAL WAVES AND SOUND
MECHANICAL WAVES AND SOUND
Waves
Substances have a "stable equilibrium state"
? Uniform pressure everywhere throughout the substance ? "Atomic springs" are at their equilibrium length ? Can make a wave by disturbing the equilibrium
Physics definition of a wave
? A vibration which moves through a substance ? Each individual molecule undergoes SHM... ? ...but energy moves from molecule to molecule
Wave motion
Molecule motion
Wavelength
Vibrational motion repeats itself after one period
? Notice that the wave is moving during this time
Wavelength
? Distance moved by a wave during one period
Wavelength is symbolized by
the Greek letter lambda:
Wave Speed
Wave Speed
=
wavelength period
=
wavelength
?
frequency
Calculating wave speed
? Wave moves one wavelength every period
v=f
Wave speed depends on the substance
? Called the "medium" of the wave ? Wave speed is a constant in a specific medium
So if the frequency of a wave increases...
? ...Wavelength must decrease!
Common Wave Examples
Sound waves produced by:
? Quick changes in pressure ? Vibrating objects
Waves on a string:
? String under tension "shaking" it produces a wave
Water surface waves
? Produced by disturbing a flat water surface
Electromagnetic waves
? Produced by "wiggling" charged particles
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