Phonology - Northern Arizona University



Phonology

A. Give the phonetic symbol for the following descriptions.

1. voiceless velar stop _________ 2. high back unrounded lax vowel ______

3. voiced alveolar nasal _________ 4. voiced bilabial stop _________

5. mid central unrounded lax stressed vowel _________

B. Give the conventional spelling for the following phonetic transcriptions. (1 point each)

1. [tElEgræfIc] __________________ 2. [ledl] __________________

3. [krawdId] __________________ 4. [næšnəl] __________________

5. [poynt] __________________

C. Write the following words in phonetic transcription/

qualifier ______________________ festival ________________________________

varieties ______________________ refrigerator _____________________________

manual ________________________ intermediate ______________________________

Ask me no questions and I’ll tell you no lies

___________________________________________________________________________________

D. Identify whether the following pairs of words are minimal pairs by indicating “yes” or “no”. (1 point each)

1. [bon] [bot] Yes No 2. [bay] [spray] Yes No

3. [lu] [du] Yes No 4. [lædr] [lætr] Yes No

5. [bawt] [boy] Yes No

E. Write out the phonological change that is taking place AND the phonological rule(s) operating in each case. Choose from the phonological rules listed below. (1 point each)

Assimilation Insertion Aspiration Palatalization

Dissimilation Deletion Flapping Vowel Lengthening

|Example |Phonological change |Phonological rule operating |

|flag: /flæg/ --> /flæ:g/ | | |

|Miss Zip’s: /mIs zIps/ --> /mIz zIps/ | | |

|please: /pliz/ --> /pəliz/ | | |

|Patty: /pæti/ --> /pæ i/ | | |

|top: /tap/ --> /thap/ | | |

Morphology

A. For each word in the left-hand column, identify the free morphemes and write them in the appropriate box. Then analyze the word for the bound morphemes and put the bound derivational and bound inflectional morphemes in the appropriate boxes.

| |Free Morpheme |Bound derivational morpheme(s) |Bound inflectional morpheme(s) |

|unrelenting | | | |

|widths | | | |

|linguistics | | | |

|compact discs | | | |

|happenings | | | |

B. Give examples of at least two words that are formed by the following processes

1. Affixation 2. Reduplication 3. Compounding 4. Acronym

7. Blends 8. Word Coining

Syntax: Draw Tree diagrams of the following sentences

1. I bought some roses for his final exam.

2. The mechanic bought tungsten brake pads and rotors.

3. What did the thief take?

4. She wanted to take the baby to a party for her brother.

5. The book that you told me about could have been written by my brother in law.

6. Who did you tell about the fact that I went to sleep in class?

Semantics

Explain the ambiguities of the following sentences. Try writing tree diagrams of the sentences to illustrate the ambiguity.

1. Flying airplanes can be dangerous.

2.You will be very fortunate to get this person to work for you.

3. I once shot an elephant in my pajamas.

4. I will bring my bike tomorrow if it looks nice in the morning.

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