Biology - Mrs. Roberts' Site



Final Exam Review

Helpful Hints

Use your old review sheets and biology binder to review each topic. Start with the section you feel least comfortable with. Try studying one section at a time rather that waiting until the day before the exam to review all of the material. Remember you may review old tests and quizzes during X block or at a pre-arranged time. Get a good night sleep before the final exam and be sure to eat breakfast. Good luck on all of your finals! (

The Science of Biology Section 1.1

1. Describe each of the steps of the scientific method. (Be able to identify these steps in an experiment).

2. What is a hypothesis? How should you write a hypothesis?

3. What is a control or control group?

4. What is an independent variable? What is a dependent variable?

Ecology: Chapter 3 and page 134

5. If a person is an ecologist, what might they study?

6. Identify characteristics that distinguish one ecological level from the next.

7. Contrast biotic and abiotic factors. Give at least two examples of each.

8. Does energy cycle or flow through ecosystems?

9. Describe the role of a producer, consumer and decomposer.

10. What is a food chain?

11. Draw a food chain large enough for you to label the following:

Producer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, decomposer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer and label the trophic levels.

12. What does the direction of the arrows in a food chain represent?

13. What would you need to do to turn your food chain into a food web?

14. Compare and contrast the three types of ecological pyramids (what information do they tell us?).

15. Be able to calculate the change in energy as organisms feed on different trophic levels.

16. Compare the transfer of energy up a food chain to the transfer of toxins (biological magnification).

17. Be able to interpret the water cycle.

18. How have humans disrupted this cycle?

19. Be able to interpret the carbon cycle.

20. How have humans disrupted this cycle?

21. Be able to interpret the nitrogen cycle.

22. Are plants able to directly use atmospheric nitrogen?

23. How have humans disrupted the nitrogen cycle?

Organismal Interactions: Section 4.2, Chapter 5, Section 6.3

24. Describe the difference between niche and habitat.

25. Compare and contrast competition, predation, commensalisms, parasitism, and mutualism in terms of +/-/0 for each organism pair in the interaction.

26. What is the difference between intra- and inter-specific competition? What is the one thing that can be competed for intraspecifically, but not interspecifically?

27. What is biodiversity?

28. Be able to rank ecosystem biodiversity using the Shannon-Wiener index.

29. Why should humans be concerned with decreases in biodiversity?

30. What are some current threats to biodiversity?

31. What is being done to prevent a decrease in biodiversity?

32. Explain how birth/death rate and immigration/emigration relate to population growth.

33. Draw and label population growth curves for a predator-prey interaction.

34. Draw an exponential growth curve (A). A logistic growth curve (B).

35. What is the carrying capacity?

36. What are density-dependent factors? Give examples.

37. What are density-independent factors? Give examples.

38. Be able to explain how the addition or removal of a species might impact a food web.

39. How does the human population growth curve for most of our history compare to the last 400 years?

40. What conditions have led to this change?

41. How do scientists use age structure diagrams to predict future population growth?

Molecules of Life and Cells: Section 2.3 and Section 7.1, page 165, 168, 170, 171, 174-175

42. Identify the differences between organic and inorganic molecules.

43. Explain how carbon can bond with other atoms to form diverse structures.

44. What are the four macromolecules of life?

45. Identify their functions.

46. Describe differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Give examples of prokaryotic organisms. Give examples of eukaryotic organisms.

47. What are some differences between animal cells and plant cells? What do animal cells and plant cells have in common?

48. Describe the structure and function of the following organelles: nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, plasma membrane and cell wall.

49. State the levels of organization in multicellular organisms.

Chapter 8: Photosynthesis

50. What is the overall equation for photosynthesis? Where do the reactants come from? What happens to the products?

51. Describe the light cycle of photosynthesis. Where does the light cycle occur in a plant? When does the light cycle occur?

52. Describe the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. Where does the Calvin cycle occur in a plant? When does the Calvin cycle occur?

53. Do plants and/ or animals go through photosynthesis? What organelle do the cells of these organisms have?

54. What is the function of stomata in plants? What molecules enter the plant through the stomata? What molecules leave the plant through the stomata?

55. Why are the leaves of most plants green? Explain how the green color of leaves relates to the absorbance of energy from the sun.

Cellular Respiration: Chapter 9

56. What is a calorie? What is a kilocalorie or Calorie?

57. What is the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration? Explain where the reactants come from? Explain what happens to the products?

58. Do plants and/ or animals go through cellular respiration? What organelle do the cells of these organisms have?

59. Describe the three stages of cellular respiration? Where does each of the three stages occur in the cell?

60. What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? How many total ATP can be made from one glucose during aerobic respiration? How many total ATP can be made from one glucose during anaerobic respiration?

61. Two types of anaerobic respiration are lactic acid fermentation and ethyl alcohol fermentation. What is produced in each of these reactions? Give an example of an organism that would undergo lactic acid fermentation. Give an example of an organism that would undergo ethyl alcohol fermentation.

Final Exam Note Card

Directions: You may bring on the day of the final exam a 3x5 note card. The note card may be no larger than 3” x 5” and must be handwritten by you. You may use both sides. Your name needs to be written on the note card and highlighted. I will check your note cards when you enter the class and hand the card back for you to use during the exam. After the final exam you must return the card to me.

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