Chapter 5: Major Metabolic Pathways - Michigan Technological University
Chapter 5: Major Metabolic Pathways
David Shonnard Department of Chemical Engineering
Michigan Technological University
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
Presentation Outline:
l Introduction to Metabolism l Glucose Metabolism
Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Respiration
l Biosysthesis l Fermentation
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
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Introduction
Metabolism is the collection of enzymecatalyzed reactions that convert substrates that are external to the cell into various internal products.
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
Introduction:
Metabolism, Genetic Engineering and Bioprocessing
Genetic Engineering allows for the alteration of metabolism by insertion or deletion of selected genes in a predetermined manner (Metabolic Engineering).
An understanding of metabolic pathways in the organism of interest is of primary importance in bioprocess development.
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
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Characteristics of Metabolism
1. Varies from organisms to organism 2. Many common characteristics 3. Affected by environmental conditions
? a) O2 availability: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aerobic growth on glucose more yeast cells Anaerobic growth on glucose ethanol
? b) Control of metabolism is important in bioprocesses
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
Types of Metabolism
Catabolism
Metabolic reactions in the cell that degrade a substrate into smaller / simpler products.
Glucose CO2
Anabolism
Metabolic reactions that result in the synthesis of larger / more complex molecules.
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
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Figure 5.1: Classes of Reactions (Fig. 5.1)
Catabolism
Anabolism
"Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts Shuler and Kargi, Prentice Hall, 2002
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
Bioenergetics
The source of energy to fuel cellular metabolsim is "reduced" forms of carbon (sugars, hydrocarbons, etc.)
The Sun is the ultimate source via the process of Photosynthesis in plants
CO2 + H2O + hv CH2O + O2
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
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ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
Catabolism of carbon-containing substrates generates high energy biomolecules
adenine
3 high-energy phosphate bonds
ribose
"Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts Shuler and Kargi, Prentice Hall, 2002
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
ATP - Reactions
Release of energy
ATP + H2O ADP + Pi; Go = -7.3 kcal/mole
Storage of energy
ADP + H2O AMP + Pi; Go = -7.3 kcal/mole
Analogs of ATP
GTP = guanosine triphosphate
UTP = uridine triphosphate
CTP = cytidine triphosphate
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David R. Shonnard
Michigan Technological University
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