Evidence-Based Maternity Care: What it is and What it can ...

[Pages:128]Evidence-Based Maternity Care: What It Is and What It Can Achieve

by Carol Sakala and Maureen P. Corry

Evidence-Based Maternity Care: What It Is and What It Can Achieve

by Carol Sakala and Maureen P. Corry

Childbirth Connection

Reforming States Group

Milbank Memorial Fund

Milbank Memorial Fund 645 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10022

The Milbank Memorial Fund is an endowed operating foundation that engages in nonpartisan analysis, study, research, and communication on significant issues in health policy. In the Fund's own publications, in reports, films, or books it publishes with other organizations, and in articles it commissions for publication by other organizations, the Fund endeavors to maintain the highest standards for accuracy and fairness. Statements by individual authors, however, do not necessarily reflect opinions or factual determinations of the Fund.

?2008 Milbank Memorial Fund. All rights reserved. This publication may be redistributed electronically, digitally, or in print for noncommercial purposes only as long as it remains wholly intact, including this copyright notice and disclaimer.

Printed in the United States of America.

ISBN 978-1-887748-70-4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables, Figures, and Sidebars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Maternity Care in the U.S. Health Care System: Prominent Position, Large Expenditures, Troubling Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Evidence-Based Maternity Care: Effective Care with Least Harm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Physiologic Foundation of Evidence-Based Maternity Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Overused Interventions: Examples of Practices to Use Judiciously and with Careful Attention to Informed Consent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Underused Interventions: Examples of Practices to Use Whenever Possible and Appropriate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Challenges to Closing Evidence-Practice Gaps in Maternity Care in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Policy Recommendations Developed in Collaboration with Members of the Reforming States Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Appendix: Leading Resources and Tools for Evidence-Based Maternity Care . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 The Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Selected Publications of the Milbank Memorial Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Selected Publications of Childbirth Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

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