Five Expository Text Structures
Five Expository Text Structures and their Associated Signal Words
Pattern Description Sequence
Comparison
Description
Cue Words (signal words)
The author
? for example
describes a topic by listing characteristics, features, attributes, and examples
? characteristics ? for instance ? such as ? is like ? including ? to illustrate
The author lists ? first
items or events in ? second
numerical or chronological sequence, either explicit or implied
? third ? later ? next ? before ? then
? finally
? after
? when
? later
? since
? now
? previously
? actual use of
dates
Information is ? however
presented by
? nevertheless
detailing how two ? on the other hand
or more events, ? but
concepts,
? similarly
theories, or things ? although
are alike and/or different
? also ? in contrast
? different
? alike
? same as
? either/or
? in the same way
? just like
? just as
? likewise
? in comparison
? where as
? yet
Graphic Organizer
1.__________________ 2.__________________ 3.__________________ 4.__________________
Alike _________ _________ _________
Different _________ _________ _________
Cause and Effect
The author
? if/then
presents ideas, ? reasons why
events in time, or ? as a result
facts as causes ? therefore
and the resulting ? because
effect(s) or facts ? consequently
that happen as a result of an event.
? ?
since so that
? for
? hence
? due to
? thus
? this led to
Effect #1
Cause
Effect #2
Effect #3
Problem and Solution
The author
? problem is
presents a
? dilemma is
problem and one ? if/then or more solutions ? because to the problem ? so that
? question/answer
? puzzle is solved
Problem Solution
................
................
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