How did people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains ...



GEOGRAPHY

How did people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains change after the Civil War?

• People saw the Great Plains not as a “_______________________” but as a ___________________________________.

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|Number |What State? |What Region? |

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Match the significant city to the correct state:

1. _____ New Mexico a. Chicago

2. _____ Washington b. St. Louis

3. _____ Hawaii c. Pittsburgh

4. _____ Georgia d. Denver

5. _____ Louisiana e. Seattle

6. _____ Colorado f. Santa Fe

7. _____ Alaska g. Salt Lake City

8. _____ Illinois h. Detroit

9. _____ Michigan i. San Francisco

10. _____ Utah j. Honolulu

11. _____ Missouri k. Boston

12. _____ California l. Juneau

13. _____ Texas m. San Antonio

14. _____ Massachusetts n. Atlanta

15. _____ Pennsylvania o. New Orleans

RECONSTRUCTION ended in __________________ (year)

Racial segregation:

✓ Based upon _________

✓ Directed primarily against _________________, but other groups were also segregated

o “_______________” were passed to _____________ against _________________________

o These laws made _________________ practices legal in many communities and states by the 1896 court case called ________________ v ______________________.

o Characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, government

Explain the following amendments:

• 13th

• 14th

• 15th

African Americans could now hold public office. Which group was banned from this?

Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

What was the Freedman’s Bureau?

Who were the carpetbaggers?

What were the black codes?

Who left the south when Reconstruction ended?

|How did African Americans respond to discrimination and “Jim Crow laws?” |

| |Believed: |

|Booker T. Washington | |

| | |

| |Believed: |

|W.E.B. DuBois | |

| | |

Who said preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South?

This man urged Southerners to reconcile and later became president of Washington College?

Explain Frederick Douglass’ contribution to reconstruction?

WESTWARD EXPANSION

Interaction and conflict occurred between different cultural groups (mainly Native Americans)

✓ Reservations—the United States forced Native Americans to give up ___________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________.

✓ Battle of __________________, __________________, ___________________ are all examples of opposition by Native Americans to westward expansion.

✓ _______________________ said, “…I will fight no more forever.”

✓ Explain the significance of the Battle of Wounded Knee.

|Tell me why… |

|Westward expansion happened? |

|L |

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|A |

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|R |

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|G |

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|E |

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Practice Questions:

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IMMIGRATION

Certain groups of immigrants were discriminated against (helped build the Transcontinental RR):

✓ ________________________ (prevented from immigrating by the Exclusion act of 1882)

✓ _______________________

What are three challenges that immigrants faced upon their arrival to the cities of America?

Efforts to solve these problems were :

✓ Settlement Houses – define:

Example: Hull House founded by _______________________--POSITIVE)

✓ Groups that gained power by helping new immigrants (promised to get them jobs and housing) were called ____________________________________. Were they positive or negative? ______________________

|Tell me why… |

|There was increased immigration from 1880-1920? |

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|H |

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|E |

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|A |

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|R |

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Where were immigrants coming from during the third wave of immigration (1880-1920)?

INDUSTRIALIZATION

How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and markets?

|Tell me why… |

|Cities developed? |

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|Specialized __________________ including _________ (Pittsburgh) and meat packing (___________) |

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|Immigration from _____________________ (SEE). |

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|Movement of Americans from _________ to __________ areas for job opportunities. |

|Define rural: |

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|Define urban: |

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What 2 inventions contributed to great change and industrial growth?

❑ ___________________ (Thomas Edison)

▪ Allowed machines to be built to do jobs that were previously done by hand. This is called _____________________.

▪ Allowed factories and other businesses to be open later when it was dark

❑ Telephone service (invented by ___________________)

|Big Business |

|Reasons for the rise in big business |Factors causing the growth of industry |

| | |

|National markets created by ___________________ advances |Access to _____ materials and energy |

|Captains of Industry | |

| |Availability of _________ __________ (immigrants) |

|_________________—oil | |

|_________________—steel | |

|_________________--automobile | |

|_________________ - railroads | |

| | |

|______________________ |______________ |

| | |

|Lower-cost production |Financial resources |

▪ Could quickly reach someone over a ______________________

PROGRESSIVE ERA

How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?

ROARING 20’S

Why did African Americans migrate to northern cities?

|Great Migration North |

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|__________ for African Americans in the South were scarce and low paying. |

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|African Americans faced _________________ and violence in the South |

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|African Americans moved to ____________ cities in search of better ________________ opportunities |

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|______________________ also faced discrimination and violence in the North, but not as much |

Who were the leaders in art, literature, and music? What were their contributions? (USII 5c)

|Cultural Icons |Harlem Renaissance |

| | |

|Art—Georgia O’Keeffe was known for: |Art—_____________________ painter who chronicled the experiences of the |

| |_______________________ North. |

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|Literature—__________________________ was a novelist who wrote about the |Literature—____________________, a poet who combined the experiences of |

|Jazz Age. |African and American cultural roots. |

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|___________________ portrayed the strength of the migrant workers during the| |

|1930s. | |

| | |

|Music - Aaron ____________ and George ____________ composed uniquely |Music—____________________ and __________________ were jazz composers. |

|American music. |___________________ was a blues singer. Their popularity spread to the rest|

| |of society. |

How was social and economic life in the early twentieth century different from that of the

late nineteenth century?

IMPERIALISM

Spanish-American War

|Reasons for the war |Results of the war |

|Protection of American _________________ ____________________ in Cuba |The United States emerged as a ______________ _________________. |

|(sugar) | |

|American support of Cuban rebels to gain __________________ from |______________ gained independence from Spain. |

|_____________ | |

|Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the __________________ in |The United States gained possession of the __________________, _________, |

|Havana Harbor |and ________ ____________. (POP ROCKS GO POP) |

|Exaggerated _______________________ of events (yellow journalism) | |

Explain the three points of Roosevelt Corollary:

•

•

•

|Allies |Central Powers |

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WORLD WAR I

GREAT DEPRESSION

Great Depression

The Great Depression

|Causes |Effects |

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The New Deal

How did the U.S. get out of the Great Depression?

What is a Hooverville? Why is it called that?

Define the following terms:

• Margin/Credit

• Pension

• Relief

• Federal Reserve

WORLD WAR II

How did post-World War I Europe set the stage for World War II?

|What are the causes for World War II? |

|1. |

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|2. |

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|3. |

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|4. |

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How did the rise of fascism affect world events following World War I?

How did American policy toward events in Europe and Asia change over time?

|War in the Pacific |

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|Rising tension developed between the U.S. and ________________ because of Japanese aggression in East Asia. |

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|On __________________, Japan attacked the U.S. at _________________ without warning. |

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|The United States declared war on ______________. |

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|______________ declared war on the United States. |

What were the major events and turning points of World War II? (USII 6b)

|1. Germany invaded ______________, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations. |

|2. Germany invaded ___________, capturing Paris. |

|3. Germany bombed London and the Battle of ___________ began. |

|4. The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean. This is called ________________. |

|5. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. |

|6. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, _______________ declared war on the United States. |

|7. The United States declared war on Japan and Germany. |

|8. The United States was victorious over Japan in the Battle of ______________. This victory was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. |

|9. Germany invaded ________________. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe. |

|10. American and Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on __________ to begin the liberation of Western Europe. |

|11. The United States dropped 2 ______________ on Japan (Hiroshima and _______________) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending WWII. |

What was the Holocaust?

How did Americans at home support the war effort?

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|American involvement in World War II brought an end to the _____________ _____________________ |

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|Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war. |

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|Thousands of American ________________ took jobs in defense plants during the war (Rosie the Riveter) |

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|Americans at home supported the war by conserving and _______________ resources. |

What effect did the war have on race relations in America?

POST WWII

What contributed to the prosperity of Americans following World War II? (UII 7b)

|Reasons for rapid growth of American economy following World War II |

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|With rationing of consumer goods over, businesses converted from production of _________________ to __________________________________. |

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|Americans purchased goods on ______________. |

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|The workforce shifted back to men, and most women returned to _________________________. |

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|Labor unions merged and became more powerful; workers gained ____________ and higher ______________. |

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|As economic prosperity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of women reentered the labor force in large numbers. |

How did the United States help rebuild postwar Europe and Japan?

|Rebuilding efforts |

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|The US instituted the ________________ Plan to rebuild Europe, which provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread|

|of ___________________. |

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|Germany was portioned into East and West Germany. West Germany became _______________ and resumed self-government after a few years of American, |

|British, and French occupation. East Germany remained under the domination of the Soviet Union promoted _____________________. |

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|Following its defeat, __________ was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed self-government, and became |

|a strong ally of the United States. |

COLD WAR

How and why did the Cold War begin? (USII 7c)

|Origins of the Cold War |

|Differences in goals and ideologies between the __________ and the _________________ (the 2 |

|superpowers)—The US was democratic and ___________; the Soviet Union was dictatorial and |

|____________________ |

|The Soviet Union’s domination over Eastern European countries |

|American policy of ______________________ (to stop the spread of communism) |

|________________________________ (NATO) vs the ________ Pact |

How did Cold War tensions cause divisiveness at home?

|Major conflicts in the post-World War II era |

|South Korea and the _______________ resisted ________________ and North Korean aggression. The conflict ended in a ________________. |

|The ______________________________________ occurred when the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba. The Soviets removed the missiles in response to a |

|___________________________. |

|The US intervened to stop the spread of communism into South Vietnam (Domino Theory). Americans were divided over whether the US should be involved |

|militarily in Vietnam. The conflict ended in a cease-fire agreement in which US troops withdrew. |

How did communism collapse in Europe? How were the challenges after the

Cold War different from earlier challenges?

What factors led to changing patterns of society in the post-World War II era? (USII 7d)

|Factors leading to changing patterns in US society |

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|Strong economy (healthy job market, increased productivity, increased demand for American products) |

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|Greater investment in ______________________ (to compete with Russia in the space race) |

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|“The Baby ___________” which lead to changing demographics |

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|Interstate highway system- credit given to President ________________________ |

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|Evolving role of _________________ (expected to play supporting role in the family, but increasingly working outside the home) |

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|Role of ________________________ (former first lady) in expanding women’s rights during the 40s and 50s |

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|African Americans’ aspirations for equal opportunities |

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|Changes in make-up of immigrants after 1965- The majority of immigrants are now _____________ and ____________ |

CIVIL RIGHTS

|What policies and programs expanded educational and employment opportunities for the military, women, and minorities? |

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|G.I. Bill of Rights gave educational, _____________, and employment benefits to _____________ veterans |

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|__________________ desegregated the armed forces |

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|Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and minorities. |

|What were some effects of segregation on American |

|society? |

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|Separate _____________ for white and African American |

|students |

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|Separate _______________ (restaurants, restrooms) |

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|Social isolation of races |

How were women disadvantaged in the workplace and what actions were taken to improve conditions for them?

|How did the African American struggle for equality become a mass movement? |

|CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT |

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|Opposition to ______________ v. ________________ (separate but equal) |

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|____________ v. _________ of Education (desegregation of schools) |

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|Martin Luther King, Jr. (_______________ resistance against segregated facilities; “I have a dream…” speech) |

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|Rosa Parks (___________________ bus boycott) |

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|Organized protests, ____________Riders, sit-ins, marches |

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|Expansion of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (______________) |

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|________ ___________ Act of 1964 |

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|Voting Rights Act of _________ |

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Physical features/climates

▪ F

▪ L

▪ E

▪ D

16

Identify the City

A:

B:

C:

D:

E:

New technologies allowed people to see the Great Plains as something other than a “__________________.”

▪ Barbed ________

▪ _______ plows

▪ Dry farming

▪ Sod houses

▪ Beef _________ raising (farming)

▪ ________ farming

▪ Windmills

▪ R__________________

Transportation of resources

▪ What was moved to Eastern factories?

▪ Moving iron ore deposits to sites of _________________________ (Pittsburgh)

▪ Transporting finished products to ________________________

Manufacturing areas were located near centers of population:

▪ ______________ industry located in New England

▪ ___________ industry - Detroit

▪ ___________ industry located in Pittsburgh

▪ ___________ industry located in Chicago

How did workers respond to these negative effects?

❖ Rise of organized labor

o Formation of unions (growth of AFL:

A_______________

F_______________

L________________)

o Strikes (aftermath of the _______________ strike)

Negative effects of industrialization

❖ ____________ labor

❖ Low ________, long ______

❖ Unsafe ______________ ________________

Women’s ____________

❖ Increased ________________ opportunities

❖ Attained __________ rights

o Women gained the right to vote with the passage of the ____________ Amendment

o These three women worked for women’s suffrage

___________________________

___________________________

___________________________.

Progressive Movement workplace reforms

❖ Improved _____________ ___________________.

❖ Reduced _______________

❖ Placed restrictions on __________ ____________.

• ____________________ Movement—composed of groups opposed to the making and consuming of ____________

• Supported the _____ Amendment prohibiting the _____________, ____________, and ______________ of alcohol

Prohibition was imposed by a constitutional amendment (18th) that made it illegal to ________________, _______________, and ______________ alcoholic beverages.

➢ ________________ were created as places for people to drink alcoholic beverages in secret.

➢ _______________ smuggled illegal alcohol promoted organized crime.

Communication changes:

▪ Increased availability of ________________

▪ Development of the _______ and broadcast industry

▪ Development of the movies

Improved transportation due to affordable automobiles

▪ Greater _____________

▪ Creation of _________

▪ Growth of ___________- ________ industries (road construction, oil, steel)

▪ Movement to __________

Electricity changed

American life:

▪ ________________ products (washing machines, electric stoves)

▪ ___________ lighting

▪ Entertainment (radio)

▪ Improved communications

Other inventions:

▪ Airplane

(__________ brothers)

▪ Assembly line

(_______________)

X

X

Why did the United States become involved in the war?

The Four Causes are:

1.

2.

3.

4.

At the end of the war—President Wilson prepared a 14 point ___________ that called for the formation of the ________________________, a peace-keeping organization. The US decided not to join the League of Nations because the United States _______________ failed to ratify the ____________________________.

This was President ___________________________ plan to end the Great Depression in the United States.

He created programs such as :

• _______________________ (Still exists today)

• federal __________ programs

• environmental ____________ programs

• farm __________ programs

• Increased rights for _____________.

• Fascism—political philosophy in which ___________________ is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are ____________.

• Fascist dictators included _________________ (Germany), __________________ (Italy), and Hideki Tojo (____________).

• Led the countries known as the AXIS POWERS.

THE ALLIES

• Democratic nations

• United States, ____________, Canada

• ________________ joined after being invaded by Germany

• Allied leaders included ___________________ and Harry Truman (U.S.), ____________________ (Great Britain), and Joseph Stalin (__________________)

Gradual change in American policy from ________________ to INVOLVEMENT

➢ Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of World War I)

➢ Economic aid to ________________

➢ ____________ involvement in the war

Define the following terms:

• Anti-Semitism:

• Aryan supremacy:

• Holocaust:

• Tactics

o Boycott of Jewish __________

o Threats

o Segregation

o Imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in __________________________

❖ The need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers (example: hiring in defense plants) although discrimination against _____________ _________________ continued.

❖ While many Japanese Americans served in the armed forces, others

❖ Were treated with distrust and prejudice, and many were forced into ________________ camps.

Much of Europe was in __________ following World War II. __________ occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of Germany. The US felt it was in its best interest to rebuild _________ and prevent political and economic ______________.

Establishment of the United Nations

The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the nations of the world to try and prevent ________________________________________________. This replaced the _________________________.

Define the term “Cold War”

Collapse of communism in Europe

➢ Soviet Union turns into _________________________

➢ ________________________ of the Berlin Wall

Improved conditions

❑ _______________________________ (NOW)

❑ Federal legislation to force colleges to give women equal __________________ (Title XI)

❑ The ________________________ (ERA), despite its failure, and a focus on equal opportunity employment created a wider range of options and advancement for women in business and public service.

Workplace disadvantages

❑ Discrimination in ____________ practices against women

❑ Lower wages for women than men doing the ________ ________

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