USAID Global Health Learning



Box 2 Examples of Critical Enabler Activities and Indicators

|Critical enabler |Rationale |Responsibility |Activities- Examples |Indicators – Examples |

|interventions | | | | |

|Social Enablers: |

|Political commitment and |Enables political leadership to |Head of state’s office, |Setting up events for the head of state to address HIV |Output: Number of events where HIV |

|advocacy |engage and raise awareness about |parliamentarians and lawmakers, |transmission; Increasing commitment to address HIV through |addressed by head of state |

| |HIV; |national political parties. |multisectoral responses by including HIV in social | |

| |Supports reducing HIV-related |Ministries of Health, Ministries |protection programmes, poverty reduction, education and | |

| |stigma; |of Law/ Justice, heads of province|gender empowerment initiatives | |

| |Unhindered service provision to |and municipal leaders. | | |

| |those in need | | | |

|Stigma reduction |Reduction in discrimination |Key populations and people living |Engaging community, religious and political leaders to |Output: Number of stigma reduction |

| |against people living with HIV and|with HIV, local community leaders,|challenge stereotypes and norms, values and culture that |sessions held with religious |

| |key populations at higher risk; |activist and religious leaders, |fuel stigma; increasing knowledge about HIV transmission |leaders |

| |Enables uptake of HIV prevention |employers and workers’ |and its causes and impact | |

| |and treatment services |organizations, HIV caregivers, | |Outcome: Percentage of sex workers |

| | |relevant government agencies – | |reporting stigma |

| | |health, interior, criminal | | |

| | |justice, prison administration | | |

|Laws, legal policies and |Enables a favourable environment |Human rights groups, journalists, |Conducting a thorough review of existing laws to identify |Output: Number of improved national|

|practices |for the protection of rights of |academia, international |laws that impede HIV response and advocating for repeal of |laws regarding criminalization of |

| |key populations, such as |organizations, rights |laws such as criminalization of HIV transmission, |HIV transmission or same-sex |

| |accelerating HIV-related law |organizations, bar associations, |decriminalization of male-to-male sex, etc., or amendment |relations |

| |reform, amending existing legal |legal aid cells, human rights |of laws such as narcotics laws, trafficking laws, criminal |Number of grievances made due to |

| |frameworks that are |commissions, ombuds offices |procedure laws etc.; |violations |

| |counter-productive to effective |Networks of people and women |Promoting laws against gender-based violence and gender |Number of grievances addressed |

| |HIV responses |living with HIV and key |equality; Promoting the development and adoption of | |

| | |populations at higher risk, |anti-discrimination legislation in all areas, including in | |

| | |Relevant government agencies – |access to health services, education and employment |Outcome: Percentage of sex workers |

| | |interior, criminal justice, gender|Strengthening accountability mechanisms to curb abuse of |jailed in the past 12 months |

| | |and women |laws by law enforcers, creating accessible and effective | |

| | | |mechanisms for aggrieved individuals to access and obtain | |

| | | |justice | |

| | | |Building epidemiological + legal literacy into curricula | |

| | | |for judges, law makers, implementers, community groups, | |

| | | |people affected, etc. | |

|Community mobilisation |Enables the mobilization and |Community leaders, activists, |Identification of key populations at higher risk that need |Output: Number of sex worker |

| |organization of groups such as sex|local government and networks of |HIV services and key hotspots through which information and|networks |

| |workers and other key populations |people living with HIV, key |services will be disseminated; Establishing networks of | |

| |at higher risk, as their |populations at higher risk, health|people living with HIV and other key populations for | |

| |participation in HIV prevention |coalitions, trade unions, youth |sharing information, education and communication; Engaging | |

| |services is essential |groups etc. |the family members of key populations at higher risk, |Outcome: Percentage of sex workers |

| | | |health coalitions, trade unions youth groups and wider |reached by networks/community |

| | | |community to support information, education and |empowerment interventions |

| | | |communication initiatives; Community empowerment and | |

| | | |violence reduction strategies among key populations at | |

| | | |higher risk | |

|Local responses to change |Enable positive changes at the |Traditional leaders, local |Data about local HIV prevalence and mapping of local HIV |Output: Number of local government,|

|the risk environment |local level by addressing norms, |decision-makers, religious leaders|service providers; Engagement of local government, |religious and traditional leaders |

| |values, culture and religious |and caregivers |religious and traditional leaders and networks of people |that participate in gender equality|

| |beliefs that negatively influence | |living with HIV and key populations at higher risk; |interventions |

| |risk behaviour, such as through | |Engagement of local government, religious and traditional |Outcome: Percentage of local |

| |community conversations | |leaders to promote gender equality and reduce harmful |government, religious or |

| | | |gender norms |traditional leaders that report low|

| | | | |levels of stigma towards key |

| | | | |populations |

|Programme Enablers: |

|Community-centred design and|Enables community participation |Community leaders, activists, |Participatory needs assessments and planning of the |Output: Number of needs assessments|

|delivery |and ensures the sustainability of |employers and workers |programme activities to identify key high-risk behaviour |in which individuals from key |

| |prevention and treatment |organizations, local government |and its causes and consequences; |populations participated. |

| |programmes |and networks of people living with|Participatory monitoring of programme activities to | |

| | |HIV and key populations a higher |identify bottlenecks, lessons learned and corrective | |

| | |risk |actions | |

|Programme communication |Enables galvanization of support |Media, journalists, local |Developing strategic information about programme |Output: Number of radio or TV spots|

| |for the behaviour change programme|community, donors, government and |achievements and impact |aired |

| |activities |programme staff |Sharing information about the impact through brochures, | |

| |Possible replication and scaling | |radio, TV and local community meetings |Outcome: Percentage of key |

| |up of programme activities | | |populations aware of programme |

| | | | |activities |

|Health education |Develops healthy attitude and |Ministry of education, schools, |Incorporating skills-based activities for HIV into |Output: Number of schools that that|

| |skills so learners and youth |teachers, teachers, training |information, education and communication and curricula; |include skills-based activities for|

| |reduce their HIV risk; Help |institutions, private and public |Train and support teachers; Regular assessment of |HIV in curricula |

| |reduces stigma and discrimination |schools, formal and non-formal |knowledge, attitudes, skills and behaviour |Outcome: Percentage of teachers |

| |of key populations at higher risk |education providers such as | |reporting low levels of stigma |

| |and people living with HIV |religious schools, community-run | |towards key populations |

| | |schools and civil society | |Percentage of youth with |

| | | | |skills-based HIV knowledge, |

| | | | |attitudes and behaviours |

|Gender equality and |Enables promotion of safer sex |Community leaders, women, men, |Empowerment of women and transgender people through gender |Output: Number of transgender |

|gender-based violence |negotiation and behaviour by |microfinance institutions, |equality and HIV training; Community mobilization, |individuals that participate in |

|interventions |transforming harmful gender norms |schools, police, sex workers, |peer-based participatory education challenging harmful |gender equality and HIV training |

| |and empowerment of women and |media |gender norms, particularly among men, boys and girls | |

| |transgender people, including key | | |Outcome: Percentage of transgender |

| |populations at higher risk such as| | |individuals reached by gender |

| |sex workers | | |equality and HIV training |

| | | | |Percentage of transgender |

| | | | |individuals reached by peer-based |

| | | | |participatory education challenging|

| | | | |harmful gender norms |

Adapted from: UNDP/UNAIDS (2012). Understanding and acting on critical enablers and development synergies for strategic investments.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download