Soc213 (002)



Soc213 (002) Deviant Behavior Bogart Test 01b 9/17/02

Part 01: Text (Thio) Items

Chapter 02: Positivist Theories: Explaining Deviance

1b. Many sociologists believe that Merton’s theory was inspired by _____, who was/were the first to use the term, anomie, as a sociological concept. A. Durkheim B. Goffman C. Cohen D. Freud E. Cloward and Ohlin (p. 17)

2b. According to Merton, _____ is the way in which lower-class people accept the success goal while rejecting the use of legitimate means for realizing that goal. A. rebellion B. conformity C. retreatism D. ritualism E. innovation (p. 19)

3b. Cohen amends Merton’s theory by replacing the word(s) _____ with _____. A. legitimate opportunity/illegitimate opportunity B. conformity/nonconformity C. success/status D. ritualism/delinquent subculture E. association/identification (p. 20)

4b. Because they have failed to achieve success in the criminal subculture and failed to attain status in the conflict subculture, those in the _____ subculture have been called “double failures.” A. conflict B. ritualistic C. retreatist D. criminal E. opportunistic (p. 22)

5b. _____ theory has its roots in psychological theory known as behaviorist theory and operant behavior theory. A. differential identification B. differential reinforcement C. control D. differential illegitimate opportunity E. strain (p. 25)

6b. Control theory differs from other major theories in the chapter by asking the following question: A. What causes conformity? B. What causes deviance? C. What causes repeated deviance? D. What is the difference between formal and informal social control? E. What qualifies a person to be a leader of a deviant subculture?

7b. Which of the following is NOT one of Hirschi’s four ways in which individuals bond themselves to society? A. belief B. attachment C. involvement D. self-control E. commitment (p.28)

8b. Stigmatization and rejection are associated with _____. A. formal deterrence B. informal deterrence C. specific deterrence D. reintegrative shaming E. disintegrative shaming (p. 28)

9b. Braithwaite maintains that the US can reduce its crime rates by emphasizing _____. A. formal deterrence B. informal deterrence C. specific deterrence D. reintegrative shaming E. disintegrative shaming (p. 29)

10b. Severity, certainty, and swiftness as ways in which punishment may be carried out, thereby affecting the likelihood of committing crimes, are associated with _____. A. bonding theory B. deterrence doctrine C. social learning theory D. goal-means gap E. status frustration (p. 29)

Chapter 03: Constructionist Theories: Understanding Deviance

11b. As discussed by Thio, significant gestures, interpretations, definitions, and labels are examples of _____. A. deviations B. symbols C. situations D. brackets E. bonding (p. 35)

12b. An identity-stabilizing model of deviance describes _____. A. how an individual comes to be identified as deviant B. how an individual’s family background shapes deviant behavior C. how an individual progresses from primary to secondary deviation D. the role of law enforcement in deviant behavior E. the role of the judicial system in deviant behavior (p. 37)

13b. According to Thio, the primary difference between phenomenological theory and labeling theory is _____. A. the decade in which the theory was formulated B. subjectivity versus objectivity C. high versus low status D. the punishment assigned to the deviant behavior E. the mental health status of the deviants (p. 39)

14b. _____ has/have to do with the discrepant norms and values that derive from definitions of right and wrong. A. cultural conflict B. legal definitions C. social conflict D. theorists’ conceptions E. deviants’ misconceptions (p. 44)

15b. Which of the following is defined as “the law on the books?” A. the reality of law B. the laws of our fathers C. social justice D. theoretical law E. the ideal of law (p. 45)

16b. Modern Anglo-American law stems from the legal system of early _____. A. England B. Germany C. Russia D. Mexico E. France (p. 45)

17b. _____ theorists are conflict theorists who concern themselves with the causes of deviance. A. feminist B. power C. Marxist D. social reality E. legal reality (pp. 47-48)

18b. Feminist theory deals with women as _____ and _____. A. dominant; offenders B. victims; offenders C. materialistic; dominant D. inferior; submissive E. white collar criminals; opportunists (p. 49)

19b. The powerful are more likely to engage in _____ deviance. A. relative B. violent C. constructive D. profitable E. motivational (p. 50)

20b. _____, an integral part of postmodernist theory, is similar to the phenomenologist’s idea of “phenomenological bracketing.” A. linguistic domination B. organizational imperative C. theoretic stance D. symbolic interactionism E. deconstructionism (p. 51)

Part 02: Lecture Items

Li: Functional Theory

21b. The role of functional theorists was primarily that of _____. A. naturalist B. college professor C. criminologist D. college administrator E. religious leader

22b. As a functionalist, Durkheim wrote about _____. A. the rules of sociological method B. prostitution C. Puritans D. street corner society E. the culture of poverty

23b. The demand for prostitution is strongest in a society where _____ is common and accepted. A. the extended family B. bigamy C. polygamy D. monogamy E. divorce

24b. Erikson’s study of _____ also applies to small groups, organizations, and societies. A. fraternal organizations B. Roman Catholics C. gang members D. suburban housewives E. Puritans

25b. Penal reform, following which deviants were no longer paraded in the public square, coincided with the _____. A. advent of the modern penetentiary system B. modernization of the judicial system C. development of the mass media D. development of the 12-person jury system E. enrollment of more young people in colleges and universities

Lii: Social Disorganization Theory

26b. Social disorganization theory came out of the _____. A. European model of social work B. second world war C. school of cultural determinism D. Reformed New York School E. Early Chicago School

27b. Which of the following works is NOT typically associated with social disorganization theory? A. The Taxi Dance Hall B. Street Corner Society C. Male Juvenile Delinquency as Group Behavior D. Prostitution E. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America

28b. In “Social Change and Social Disorganization,” Robert Park wrote that the single most deadly and most demoralizing instrument of present-day civilization was _____. A. marijuana B. the automobile C. television D. involvement in youth organizations E. alcohol

29b. In “Mental Disorders in Urban Areas,” Faris and Dunham correlate social disorganization with urbanization in general and with _____ in particular. A. populations B. occupations C. religiosity D. landmarks E. zones

30b. Mills studied “The Professional Ideology of Social Pathologists” by looking at their _____. A. newspapers B. schools C. textbooks D. churches E. family relationships

Liii. Anomie Theory

31b. Which of the following theorists is NOT associated with anomie theory? A. Durkheim B. Glaser C. Merton D. Cloward E. Cohen

32b. Taking one’s life for a religious cause is known as _____ suicide. A. altruistic B. egoistic C. anomic D. pluralistic E. social

33b. In Merton’s typology of the goal-means disjunction, “rebellion” means _____. A. acceptance of goals and means B. accept goal but reject means C. reject goal but accept means D. reject both goal and means without replacement E. reject both goal and means with replacement

34b. Cloward’s theory of illegitimate means, anomie, and deviant behavior is most helpful in understanding retreatism among the _____ classes. A. upper B. upper middle C. lower D. middle E. lower middle

35b. Anomie, according to Durkheim, equals _____. A. strain B. poverty C. normlessness D. delusions E. the middle class

Liv: Differential Association Theory

36b. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with differential association theory? A. white-collar crimes B. goal-means C. victimology D. careers E. Chicago school

37b. Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with differential association theory? A. Sutherland B. Merton C. Durkheim D. Parsons E. Erikson

38b. Glaser’s article, “Criminality Theories and Behavior Images,” outlines his theory of _____. A. identity embezzlement B. suicide C. differential communication D. differential identification E. population stratification

39b. Cressey’s book, Other People’s Money: A Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement, centers around the _____ of criminal behavior. A. methodology B. punishment C. rationalization D. glamorous aspects E. innate aspects

40b. Which of the following is NOT one of Sykes and Matza’s “techniques of neutralization”? A. blaming the victim B. minimizing the damage/injury done C. denial of responsibility D. appealing to higher loyalties E. blaming the offender’s parents

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