Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions

Learning Targets:

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I can describe evidence of a chemical reaction from experimental observations.

I can balance chemical equations to fulfill the Law of Conservation of Mass

I can interpret changes in matter and energy from complete chemical equations

I can write chemical reactions by interpreting word equations

I can classify reaction types (synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion)

I can predict the products of chemical reactions in writing complete chemical equations

(synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion)

Chemical Reactions

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Chemical Reaction: a process in which one or more substances are converted into new substances with different

chemical and physical properties

? Reactants ¡ú Products

? ¡ú means ¡°_________¡±

? chemical equation example: Fe(s) + O2(g) ? Fe2O3(s)

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Balanced Equations ¨C both sides of the equation must have the same _____________________ for each element

? Law of Conservation of Mass

? only _________________ may be adjusted to balance an equation

? NEVER change the _________________ which identify the substance (ex: H2O2 vs. H2O)

? example:

__ C(s) + __ O2(g) ¡ú __ CO2(g)

__ H2(g) + __ O2(g) ¡ú __ H2O (l)

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Word Equations use the name of the chemical to describe what is happening in the reaction

? example: Iron and oxygen react to produce iron (III) oxide

Basic Types of Reactions

examples:

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Synthesis/ Combination

2 Mg + O2 ? 2 MgO

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Decomposition

CaCO3 ? CaO + CO2

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Single Replacement

2 K + 2 H2O ? 2 KOH + H2

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Double Replacement

K2CO3 + BaCl2 ? 2 KCl + BaCO3

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Combustion

CH4 + 2 O2 ? CO2 + 2 H2O

5 signs/evidence of chemical reactions:

1. _______________________________

2. _______________________________

3. _______________________________

4. _______________________________

5. _______________________________

Honors Chemical Reactions 1 ?

Types of Chemical Reactions

To help make sense of all the different chemical reactions that exist, we classify reactions into several types.

There are five basic types of reactions.

Types

Pattern

Example

Synthesis

X + Y ? XY

2H2 + O2 ? 2H2O

Decomposition

AB ? A + B

H2CO3 ? H2O + CO2

Single Replacement

XY + A ? AY + X

Zn + 2HCl ? H2 + ZnCl2

Double Replacement

XY + AB ? XB + AY

2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 ? Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3

Combustion

CxHy + O2 ? CO2 + H2O

C3H8 + 5 O2 ? 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

Classify each of the following reactions as S, D, SR, DR, or C and then balance the equation.

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1.

__ZnS + __HCl ? __ZnCl2 + __H2S

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2.

__H2CO3 ? __H2O + __CO2

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3.

__Al + __Fe3O4 ? __Al2O3 + __Fe

(page 2, 3, or 4) to practice

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4.

__H2 + __Br2 ? __HBr

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5.

__NaCl + __I2 ? __NaI + __Cl2

balancing equations and check

your progress

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6.

__AlCl3 + __Na2CO3 ? __Al2(CO3)3 + __NaCl

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7.

__H2O ? __H2 + __O2

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8.

__Ca(OH)2 + __H3PO4 ? __Ca3(PO4)2 + __H2O

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9.

__NH4OH ? __H2O + __NH3

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10.

__NaOH + __(NH4)2SO4 ? __Na2SO4 + __H2O + __NH3

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11.

__C4H10 + __O2 ? __CO2 + __H2O

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12.

__C7H6O2 + __O2 ? __CO2 + __H2O

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13.

__P4O10 + __H2O ? __H3PO4

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14.

__Fe + __HCl ? __H2 + __FeCl2

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15.

__H2O2 ? __H2O + __O2

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16.

__Fe2O3 + __H2SO4 ? __Fe2(SO4)3 + __H2O

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17.

__Zn + __HCl ? __H2 + __ZnCl2

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18.

__Fe + __CuSO4 ? __FeSO4 + __Cu

Evidence of Learning:

Complete any 15 problems

Honors Chemical Reactions 2 ?

Balance the equation and classify each reaction as synthesis, decomposition, singlereplacement, or double-replacement.

Balance the equation¡­

¡­and classify it.

1.

____ Sb + ____ Cl2 ? ____SbCl3

________________________

2.

____ Mg + ____O2 ? ____MgO

________________________

3.

____ CaCl2 ? ____ Ca + ____ Cl2

________________________

4.

____ NaClO3 ? ____ NaCl + ____ O2

________________________

5.

____ Fe + ____ HCl ? ____ FeCl2 + ____ H2

________________________

6.

____ CuO + ____ H2 ? ____ Cu + ____ H2O

________________________

7.

____ Al + ____ H2SO4 ? ____ Al2(SO4)3 + ____ H2

________________________

8.

____ MgBr2 + ____ Cl2 ? ____ MgCl2 + ____ Br2

________________________

9.

____ SnO2 + ____ C ? ____ Sn + ____ CO

________________________

10.

____ Pb(NO3)2 + ____ H2S ? ____ PbS + ____ HNO3

________________________

11.

____ HgO ? ____ Hg + ____ O2

________________________

12.

____ KClO3 ? ____ KCl + ____ O2

________________________

13.

____ N2 + ____ H2 ? ____ NH3

________________________

14.

____ NaBr + ____ Cl2 ? ____ NaCl + ____ Br2

________________________

15.

____ Zn + ____ AgNO3 ? ____ Zn(NO3)2 + ____ Ag

________________________

16.

____ Sn + ____ Cl2 ? ____ SnCl4

________________________

Honors Chemical Reactions 3 ?

Balance the equation¡­

¡­and classify it.

17.

____ Ba(OH)2 ? ____ BaO + ____ H2O

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18.

____ Mg(OH)2 + ____ HCl ? ____ MgCl2 + ____ H2O

________________________

19.

____ Na2CO3 + ____ HCl ? ____ NaCl + ____ H2CO3

________________________

20.

____ NH4NO2 ? ____ N2 + ____ H2O

________________________

21.

____ N2 + ____ O2 ? ____ N2O5

________________________

22.

____ MgCO3 ? ____ MgO + ____ CO2

________________________

23.

____ KBr + ____ Cl2 ? ____ KCl + ____ Br2

________________________

24.

____ Zn + ____ CuSO4 ? ____ Cu + ____ ZnSO4

________________________

25.

____ P + ____ O2 ? ____ P4O6

________________________

26.

____ K + ____ H2O ? ____ KOH + ____ H2

________________________

27.

____ Al + ____ Pb(NO3)2 ? ____ Al(NO3)3 + ____ Pb

________________________

28.

____ Fe + ____ O2 ? ____ Fe3O4

________________________

29.

____ Li + ____ O2 ? ____ Li2O

________________________

30.

____ ZnCl2 + ____ KOH ? ____ Zn(OH)2 + ____ KCl

________________________

31.

____ Fe3O4 + ____ H2 ? ____ Fe + ____ H2O

________________________

32.

____ Pb(NO3)2 ? ____ Pb + ____ NO2 + ____ O2

________________________

33.

____ H2O ? ____ H2 + ____ O2

________________________

Honors Chemical Reactions 4 ?

Writing Word Equations

Ionic Formulas

metal + nonmetal

balance the charges

example: aluminum oxide

Al+3

O-2

Al2O3

Evidence of Learning:

Complete any 4 problems to practice writing

word equations and check your progress

Covalent Formulas

nonmetal + nonmetal

covalent prefix system

example: nitrogen dioxide

NO2

key words:

yields or produces or forms ?

combines or combines +

decomposes ? (for decomposition reactions)

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look out for ¡°HONClBrIF¡± elements! They are diatomic in their pure form.

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pure forms of sulfur and phosphorus are S8 and P4, respectively.

Write the formulas for the chemical reaction, balance, and classify the reaction type:

1. Sulfur dioxide gas combines with oxygen gas to produce sulfur trioxide.

2. When heated, calcium carbonate decomposes to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

3. Barium oxide reacts with water to form barium hydroxide.

4. When heated, calcium sulfite decomposes to form calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide.

5. Iron reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form Iron (III) sulfate and hydrogen gas.

6. Dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water to produce nitric acid (HNO3).

7. Carbon reacts with zinc oxide to produce zinc and carbon dioxide

8. Bromine reacts with sodium iodide to form sodium bromide and iodine.

Honors Chemical Reactions 5 ?

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