How to calculate yield to call on a bond in excel

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How to calculate yield to call on a bond in excel

On this page is a bond yield calculator to calculate the current yield of a bond. Enter the bond's trading price, face or par value, time to maturity, and coupon or stated interest rate to compute a current yield.The tool will also compute yield to maturity, but see the YTM calculator for a better explanation plus the yield to maturity formula.Bond Yield

CalculatorCurrent Yield to Maturity Calculator InputsCurrent Bond Trading Price ($) - The price the bond is trading at today.Bond Face Value/Par Value ($) - The par value or face value of the bond.Years to Maturity - The numbers of years until bond maturity. (You can enter decimals to represent months and days.)Annual Coupon Rate - The interest

rate paid on the bond.Coupon Payment Frequency - How often the interest is paid out on the bond.Bond Yield Calculator OutputsCurrent Yield (%): The simple yield of the bond computed from the trading price and the coupon payments.Yield to Maturity (%): The converged solution for yield to maturity of the bond (its IRR)What is a bond's current

yield?The current yield of a bond is the annual payout of a bond divided by its current trading price. That is, you sum up all coupon payments over one year and divide by what a bond is paying today.Bond Current Yield vs. Yield to MaturityA bond's yield to maturity is the annual percentage gain you'll make on a bond if you hold it until maturity

(assuming it doesn't miss payments). It's expressed in an annual percentage, just like the current yield. However, YTM is not current yield ¨C yield to maturity is the discount rate which would set all bond cash flows to the current price of the bond.You can find more information (including an estimated formula to calculate YTM) on the yield to maturity

calculator page.Current Yield FormulaThe bond current yield formula is:Where:ACF - Annual cash flow of the bondP - Current market trading priceExample: Calculating the Current Yield on a BondLet's work through an example and compute the current yield for an example bond. We'll use the example in the tool's defaults.Face value: $1000Annual

interest rate: 10% (for $100, $1000 * 10%)Current trading price: $920\frac{ACF}{P} = \\~\\ \frac{100}{920} = 10.87\%So, a bond trading at $920 with a face value of $1000 and a 10% interest rate has a 10.87% current yield, higher than the one stated by the bond.Other Financial Basics and Bond CalculatorsCurrent yield gives you a quick read of

how a bond compares in the market. It is inferior to yield to maturity, although YTM does come with the risk that a bond may stop paying out (while your next year of payments is more certain). In almost all cases you should compute both, though.For other financial basics and bond calculators, please see: On this page is a bond yield to put calculator.

It automatically calculates the annual yield earned on a puttable bond assuming you put it back to the issuer at the first possible time. Importantly, it assumes all payments and coupons are on time (no defaults).Also, find the approximate yield to put formula. Like with Yield to Maturity (YTM), Yield to Put is calculated iteratively.Bond Yield to Put

CalculatorYield to Put Calculator InputsCurrent Bond Trading Price ($) - Today's bond trading price.Bond Face Value/Par Value ($) - The par or face value of the bond.Price to Put ($) - Usually, bonds trading with a put option have some discount to the current price. Enter the price here.Years to Put - The numbers of years until the bond can be putted

back to the issuer.Annual Coupon Rate (%) - The annual interest paid on the bond based on the par value.Coupon Payment Frequency - Frequency the bond makes coupon payments.Bond YTP Calculator OutputsYield to Put (%): The converged upon solution for the yield to put of the current bond (the internal rate of return assuming you put the

bond).Current Yield (%): The simple calculated yield which uses the current trading price and face value of the bond. See the bond yield calculator for explanation.Bond Yield to Put FormulaThe calculation for Yield to Put is very similar to Yield to Maturity ¨C and equal to the Yield to Call calculation (just with the incentives flipped).The calculator

assumes you will put the bond back to the issuer at your first chance ¨C although, of course, you only want to do that if you would make money on the trade (and assuming all payments are made). And just like how callable bonds usually have a call price higher than par value, puttable bonds generally have a put value below face value.Estimated Yield

to Put FormulaHowever, that doesn't mean we can't estimate and come close. The formula for the approximate yield to put on a bond is:\frac{(Annual\ Interest)+((Price\ to\ Put-Current\ Price)/(Years\ to\ Put))}{(Price\ to\ Put+Current\ Price ) / 2}Estimating Yield to Put for the Calculator ScenarioLet's solve the default yield to put calculation inside

the tool:Current Price: $920Par Value: $1000Price if Put: $970Years to Put: 5Annual Coupon Rate: 10%Coupon Frequency: 2x a Year\frac{(100)+((970-920)/5)}{(970+920 ) / 2}=\\~\\\frac{100+10}{945}=11.640\%Exact Yield to Put FormulaIf you actually run the scenario in the tool, you'll find that yield to put is actually 11.700% ¨C what's going on

there?As mentioned, the above formula is just an estimate. A real calculation would sum the present value of all future cash flows in almost the same way you calculate yield to maturity.Here is the summation:Price = Coupon\ Payment/(1+rate)^{-1} + Coupon\ Payment/(1+rate)^{-2} +\\ ... + Coupon\ Payment/(1+rate)^{-n}+Price\ to\

Put/(1+rate)^{-n}Internally, the tool adapts the method from Github user ndongo. See the yield to maturity calculator's methodology discussion for more.Why Does Yield to Put Matter?As mentioned, bonds with options (calls and puts) introduce a wrinkle into price calculations. Depending on who is able to exercise, it gives that party an option to

either call back the bond or put it back to the issuer for a set price.In this case, a bond with a put option means at some time in the future you can put it back to the issuer if the price is right (and assuming all other incentives are aligned).Read more in the yield to call discussion (just flip the incentives!).Other Financial Basics CalculatorsUse the Yield

to Put as you would use other measures of bond valuation: a factor in your decision to buy or avoid. Bonds with put options usually have the deck stacked against them in terms of face value vs. put price, but sometimes when bonds trade at a discount the put option can be worth it for you to exercise.Here are some other bond calculators: With yields

slowly rising on bonds and interest-paying holdings, it may be time for investors to re-examine what they own and seek better deals. Experts say it's dangerous to reach for the biggest yield you can get, as abnormally high yields signify outsized risks, but if you find two comparable investments and one pays a bit more then the other, why wouldn't you

choose the more generous?But which yield figure should you use? There's plain vanilla yield, SEC yield, yield to maturity and yield to call. Each gives a different account of what you're likely to earn. Yield to maturity and yield to call offer valuable ways to assess individual bonds, but SEC yield can be better for funds, experts say."Clients get extremely

confused by yield figures, especially right now with interest rates coming off of historical lows," says Mark Painter, founder of Everguide Financial Group in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey.[See: 7 Dividend ETFs for the Income-Minded Investor.]In fact, investors are wise not to take any yield figure as gospel, says Michael B. Geraty, senior vice president

for fixed income at Noyes, a wealth management firm in Chicago."Yield calculations are notoriously unreliable," he says, pointing out that all calculations incorporate potential flaws.Here are some key terms.Coupon. This is a bond's starting point -- what it paid when first created. A 2.5 percent coupon on a 10-year bond with a face value of $1,000

means the bond will pay $25 a year for 10 years. After that it "matures" and you get $1,000 back.But things can change in the meantime. If newer bonds start paying more than 2.5 percent, no one will pay you full price for your older, stingier bond, and its price will fall even if the company or governmental agency that issued the bond remains healthy

and continues to pay the $25-per-year coupon.All else being equal, the bond price will fall until that $25 represents a yield competitive with what investors can earn on newer, more generous bonds. So, if new bonds offered 5 percent, the old bond's price would fall to $500, because the $25 coupon would be 5 percent of $500.Investors know they could

reinvest their coupon payments at higher yields than when they started, but the illustration shows the relationship between price and yield. Of course, it works the other way too. If yields fall, investors will pay more for older bonds that are more generous. Generally, the longer the bond has to maturity, the greater the price swings from rate changes,

because investors will live longer with the consequences.Yield. This is a standard way of measuring a coupon payment relative to the bond's current price. It may be figured by dividing the price into the total of coupons paid over the previous 12 months, or into the most recent coupon payment as if it were paid over a year. Funds report "distribution

yield," which are typically payments received over the past 30 days times 12, divided by fund share price.TTM yield. The actual distributions for the past 12 months divided by an average net asset value over the period.Yield to maturity. This is the annual coupon payments divided by the bond's face value, or the principal you would receive if you kept

the bond to maturity. It also assumes coupon payments are reinvested and it accounts for any difference between the bond's current price and face value.Yield to call. The annual coupon payments divided by what you'd be paid if the issuer called the bond, or chose to repay your principal at the earliest possible date set when the bond was issued is

yield to call. Since the call price might not be the same as the bond's face value -- it's typically a tad higher -- yield to call might be different from yield to maturity. It also accounts for interest earnings and the difference between the current and call prices.[See: The 10 Best Dividend Stocks of 2016.]Return. This is the profit an investor could make by

both receiving coupon payments and selling the bond at its current market price, for a gain or loss relative to the original price paid.SEC yield. This figure is determined using rules from the Securities and Exchange Commission to allow easy comparison of one fund with another. Interest earnings for the past 30 days, minus fund expenses, are

annualized, or multiplied by 12, and the result divided by the fund's current net asset value. That's the share price from the number of shares divided by the fund's total assets."In an effort to standardize yield calculations, the SEC created the SEC yield, which we believe is the best way to compare the yield of different bond funds," says Russell

Robertson, owner of Alidade Wealth Partners in Atlanta. "Because it is a standardized calculation, it will give the truest comparison."Accounting for fund expenses incorporates a key consideration for investors, and SEC yield also assumes interest earnings are reinvested.While individual bonds have fixed maturities, funds typically seek an average

maturity calculated for all the bonds they own. The fund investor cannot simply hold to maturity, and is therefore always exposed to the risk of loss as prevailing rates rise, or gains as rates fall. "Total return" figures show how investors did if they owned the fund's share over a specified period such as year-to-date, the past 12 months or past five

pared to an individual bond, a fund's yield figures are a less reliable gauge of future earnings, since the fund will routinely replace bonds whose maturities have become too short to fit the manager's strategy.So, which yield should one use? Owners of individual bonds can use yield to maturity if they expect to own the bond to maturity, or

yield to call to play it safe. The risk of a call typically rises when falling interest rates allow issuers to sell new bonds to pay off old ones that were more generous.[See: 20 Awesome Dividend Stocks for Guaranteed Income.]But it's different for fund investors, since funds have no fixed call or maturity dates."SEC yield is best used when looking at funds

because it is standardized and allows for apples-to-apples comparison," Painter says.Still, no measure is perfect, as two bonds or funds may react differently as market conditions change, says Joshua Wilson, chief investment officer of WorthPointe Wealth Management outside Dallas."Two funds could have similar SEC yields, yet one might be more

sensitive to interest rate changes," he says.No yield figure provides an ironclad guarantee for future profits. Like stocks, bonds and bond funds have a fair amount of risk.More From US News & World Report

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