Excel vba for loop dynamic range
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Excel vba for loop dynamic range
It's kind of like looping through records! Using VBA to loop through rows, cells and columns can transform the way you handle your spreadsheets. In this post, I'll cover a few ways you can achieve this with some helpful examples. The key to looping through any of these objects is the Range object. The Range object represents a cell, or a selection of cells. With this object and some VBA, we can loop through cells in any imaginable fashion Loop Through Rows To loop through rows, open your spreadsheet and create a macro. Then, paste in the following code: Sub LoopThrough() For Each Row In Range("A1:G5") Row.RowHeight = 8 Next End Sub Running this does: Before running macro After running macro As you can see, the macro went through each row specified in the range value A1:G5 and then adjusted the Row height for each of the rows. This is done using the For Each... method in VBA. For Each allows you to specify a collection of objects and iterate over each of them. There are a few nuances to how it works and how you can iterate over Rows versus Columns. In the example above, Rows are simply the default behavior of iterating over a range, so no extra considerations is needed. Loop Through Columns To lop through columns, you will have to use the Column property of the Range you are iterating over and the Cell property of the Column: Sub LoopThrough() For Each Column In Range("A1:G5").Columns For Each Cell In Column.Cells Cell.Value = 1 Next Next End Sub After running macro Iterating over Columns is a bit trickier, but can be done with a few tweaks to our existing code. Loop Through Cells Looping through rows and columns can be useful, but you may ultimately be looking to loop through cells withing those structures. To loop through cells, you can use the same code structure as for Row and Columns, but within each Row and Column, you can iterate over the Cells in each of them: Sub LoopThrough() Dim CellValue As Integer CellValue = 0 For Each Row In Range("A1:G5") For Each Cell In Row Cell.Value = CellValue CellValue = CellValue + 1 Next Next End Sub Using this code, we have the same Range, and we are going to go through each Row and then each Cell. We have defined the variable CellValue and each cell will get an incremental value of CellValue from the previous value: After running the macro on Rows If we switch this to go through Columns, instead of Rows, we get this: Sub LoopThrough() Dim CellValue As Integer CellValue = 0 For Each Column In Range("A1:G5").Columns For Each Cell In Column.Cells Cell.Value = CellValue CellValue = CellValue + 1 Next Next End Sub After running the macro on Columns Pretty cool! With these techniques, you can iterate over any structure you have in Excel. Dynamic Ranges One other interesting note about looping over Ranges is how you can set a dynamic value for the range. Say you wanted to have a macro that made cells fill in with values based on the value of two other cells (where you can specify the Range you want): By entering values in `B1' and `B2,' you can make a table appear with values pre-filled. To do this, make a macro with this code and run it: Sub LoopThrough() Dim StringRange As String StringRange = "B4:" + Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 2).Value + CStr(3 + Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(1, 2).Value) For Each Row In Range(StringRange) For Each Cell In Row Cell.Value = "Cell" Next Next End Sub By specifying a number of Rows and a letter for the columns to end and putting in a dummy value for the Cells, you can then have something like this: The structure of a For Next loop is as follows. For counter = start to end [step] Set of Instructions Next counter Counting From 1 to 10 Example This simple For Next procedure enters values 1 to 10 in column A. Each time the loop repeats the value x increases by 1. Sub CountOneToTen() Dim x As Byte For x = 1 To 10 Cells(x, 1) = x Next x End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below. Twelve Times Table (Using Step) Example In this For Next example we use a Step value of 12. So rather than incrementing by 1, the counter will increment by 12. Sub TwelveTimesTable() Dim x As Byte Dim y As Byte For x = 12 To 144 Step 12 y = x / 12 Cells(y, 1) = x Next x End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below. Full TimesTable (Nested For Next) Example In this For Next example we need to increment two variables: x and y so that we can produce a complete times table. On the first loop of x, y will equal 1, then 2, then 3, then 4 and so on up to 12. On the second loop of x the same thing will happen. This will keep going for 12 loops of x. Sub FullTimesTable() Dim x As Byte Dim y As Byte For x = 1 To 12 For y = 1 To 12 Cells(x, y) = x * y Next y Next x Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(x, y)).Columns.AutoFit End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below. For Next Loop With User Input Example This For Next example is similar to the last example, except x and y's maximum value is set by the user. When the procedure runs, the following Input Box is displayed, allowing the user to specify a value. So if the user entered 15, the For Next loop would loop 15 times for both x and y. Sub FullTimesTableWithUserInput() Dim x As Long Dim y As Long Dim UserInput As Long UserInput = _ InputBox("Up to what number would you like the times table to be created?") For x = 1 To UserInput For y = 1 To UserInput Cells(x, y) = x * y Next y Next x Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(x, y)).Columns.AutoFit End Sub Shade Alternate Rows Example This For Next example changes the background colour of alternate rows within a database. A step value of 2 is used to achieve this. Sub ShadeAlternateRows() Dim NumberOfRows As Long Dim x As Long NumberOfRows = Range("A1", Range("A1").End(xlDown)).Count For x = 2 To NumberOfRows Step 2 Cells(x, 1).Resize(1, 5).Interior.Color = vbYellow Next x End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below. Exit For Loop Example Sometimes you just want to loop through a range of cells but stop looping once a specified value is found. If this is the case you can use the Exit For statement. In the example below the For Next loop, loops through the sales people's names until it finds the name specified by the user. Once it finds the name, the For Next loop is exited and the remainder of the code can commence. Sub ExitForExample() Dim x As Long Dim SalesPersonSales As Range Dim TotalSales As Currency Dim NumberOfRows As Long NumberOfRows = Range("A1", Range("A1").End(xlDown)).Count Dim SalesPersonsName As String 'Ask for the name of the sales person SalesPersonsName = InputBox("Please enter the name of the sales person") 'Loop through the list of sales people until name found For x = 2 To NumberOfRows If Cells(x, 1) = SalesPersonsName Then Exit For Next x 'When name found... 'Clear exiting row formats Range("A1", Range("A1").End(xlToRight).End(xlDown)).Interior.Color = xlNone 'Format the sales persons row with yellow background Cells(x, 1).Resize(1, 7).Interior.Color = vbYellow 'Specify the range of cells to add up Set SalesPersonSales = Cells(x, 1).Offset(0, 1).Resize(1, 6) 'Calculate the total sales TotalSales = WorksheetFunction.Sum(SalesPersonSales) 'Tell the user what the total sales is MsgBox SalesPersonsName & " made a total sales of " & Format(TotalSales, "Currency") End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below. Format Cells Based on Conditional Criteria With this For Next example we are formatting sales values that have met a sales target. The maximum value for x is the last row number within our database. In previous examples where we had contiguous values we could calculate x using this line of code: NumberOfRows = Range("A1", Range("A1").End(xlDown)).Count However in this example our data is not contiguous, so we have to approach it in a slightly different way: we use the End property to move up from the last cell in the worksheet. LastRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 2).End(xlUp).Row Here is the code for this macro. Sub FormatCellsInListWithGaps() Dim LastRow As Long Dim x As Long 'Work out which is the last cell used in column B LastRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 2).End(xlUp).Row 'Clear any existing formats in column C Range("C3", Cells(LastRow, 3)).Interior.Color = xlNone For x = 3 To LastRow If Cells(x, 3) > 200000 Then Cells(x, 3).Interior.Color = vbGreen Next x End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below. Delete Blank Rows Example This For Next example deletes blank rows within a database. The worksheet functions COUNTA is used to count the number of cells that contain a value. If the row total is 0, then the row gets deleted. Sub DeleteBlankRows() Dim NumberOfRows As Long, x As Long Dim CurrentRow As Range NumberOfRows = Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row For x = 1 To NumberOfRows Set CurrentRow = Cells(x, 1).EntireRow If WorksheetFunction.CountA(CurrentRow) = 0 Then CurrentRow.Delete Next x End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below. Investment Example This example creates a simple projection on investment. See comments for explanation. Sub Investment() Dim Investment As Double Dim Term As Integer Dim Rate As Single Dim ws As Worksheet Set ws = ActiveSheet 'Ask user series of questions about investment Investment = InputBox("What amount are you going to invest?") Term = InputBox("For how many years will you invest?") Rate = InputBox("What's the interest you will get?") 'Delete previous projections ws.UsedRange.Clear 'Add headings and apply formatting Range("A1") = "Projection based on an initial investment of " & _ Format(Investment, "Currency") & _ " over " & Term & " years with a " & Format(Rate / 100, "Percent") & _ " interest rate." Range("A1").Font.ColorIndex = 3 Range("A2") = "Year" Range("B2") = "Balance" Range("A2", "B2").Font.Bold = True With Range("A2", "B" & Term + 2) .NumberFormat = "?#,##0.00" .Borders.LineStyle = xlContinuous End With 'Loop through to calculate balance for each year of investment For x = 3 To Term + 2 Investment = Investment * (1 + Rate / 100) Cells(x, 1) = "Year " & x - 2 Cells(x, 2) = Investment Next 'Create and format a total row label With Cells(Term + 5, 1) .Value = "Total Interest" End With With Range(Cells(Term + 5, 1), Cells(Term + 5, 2)) .Font.Bold = "True" .Borders.LineStyle = xlContinuous End With 'Calculate the total interest from investment With Cells(Term + 5, 2) .Value = Cells(Term + 2, 2) - Range("B3") .NumberFormat = "?#,##0.00" End With End Sub The code above relates to the data shown below.
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