Table 1 - Chiro



Table 1. Detailed tables summarizing patient characteristics, interventions and outcomes for exercise versus manipulation studies (Question 1).

|Author |Demographics |Baseline patient characteristics |Interventions |Inclusion/ |

|(Year) | | | |Exclusion |

|Ferreira |N = 240 |Manipulative |Manipulative |Inclusion: |

|(2007) | |physical therapy: |physical therapy: |LBP >3 months |

| |Manipulative |LBP duration: 60 months |Joint mobilization or manipulation |Age 18-80 |

|RCT |physical therapy: |PSFS: 11.2 (SD, 4.6) |techniques applied to pelvis or spine |Osteoarthritis or disc lesions with or without |

| |n = 80 |GPES: -2.6 (SD, 2.1) |Dose and techniques used were at |leg pain |

|May 2002 – November 2003|Male: 30.0% |Pain VAS: 6.2 (SD, 2.0) |discretion of therapist | |

| |Mean age: 54.0 years |RMDQ: 12.4 (SD, 5.7) |Not given exercises or home exercise |Exclusion: |

|Outcomes: | | |program |Neurological signs |

|Patient Specific |General exercise: |General exercise: |Advised to avoid pain-aggravating |Malignancy |

|Functional Scale (PSFS) |n = 80 |LBP duration: 60 months |activities |Inflammatory joint or bone disease |

|Global Perceived Effect |Male: 30.0% |PSFS: 10.1 (SD, 4.2) | |Previous back surgery |

|Scale (GPES) |Mean age: 54.8 years |GPES: -2.8 (SD, 1.8) |General exercise: | |

|VAS for Pain | |Pain VAS: 6.5 (SD, 2.1) |Physiotherapist-led classes (8 people per | |

|Roland Morris Disability|Motor control exercise: |RMDQ: 14.1 (SD, 5.5) |class); 12 one-hour classes over 8 weeks; | |

|(RMDQ) |n = 80 | |progressively increasing intensity | |

| |Male: 33.7% |Motor control exercise: |Exercises performed under supervision | |

|8 weeks followup: |Mean age: 51.9 years |LBP duration: 36 months |Main aims of program to improve physical | |

|224/240 (93.3%) | |PSFS: 10.7 (SD, 4.0) |function and confidence in using spine | |

| | |GPES: -2.6 (SD, 2.2) | | |

|12 months followup: | |Pain VAS: 6.3 (SD, 2.0) |Motor control exercise: | |

|211/240 (87.9%) | |RMDQ: 14.0 (SD, 5.3) |Prescribed exercises aimed at improving | |

| | | |function of specific trunk muscles | |

| | | |controlling movement of spine | |

| | | |Trained by therapist to recruit deep | |

| | | |muscles of spine and reduce activity of | |

| | | |other muscles | |

| | | |Progressing difficulty of tasks | |

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