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2.02 Infection Control Key Terms Name _______________

Handout Date ________________

|Key Terms |Definitions |

|Aerobic |requires oxygen to live |

|Anaerobic |does not require oxygen to live |

|Antiseptic hand wash |washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an antiseptic agent |

|Alcohol-based hand rub |rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing preparation |

|Asepsis |free of pathogens |

|Endogenous |originates from within the body |

|Exogenous |originates outside the body |

|Hand hygiene |performing hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, alcohol-based hand rub |

|Hand washing |washing hands with plain soap and water |

|Infection |invasion of the body by microorganisms |

|Local infection |only a specific portion of the body is infected |

|Non-Pathogenic |normal, do not produce disease, beneficial |

|Nosocomial Infections |hospital acquired infection |

|Opportunistic infection |Infections that occur when the body’s defenses are weakened |

|Pathogenic |cause infection and disease |

|Resistant |remain firm against the action of another force, such as a bacteria against an antibiotic |

|Sterile |free of all organisms |

|Susceptible |able to be affected; person likely to get sick |

|Systemic infection |affects the entire body |

2.02 Types of Infection Name _______________

Handout Date ________________

Directions: Record notes and class discussion about local versus systemic infections.

Local versus Systemic Infections:

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| |Examples |

|Types of Infection | |

|Endogenous- | |

|Exogenous- | |

| | |

|Nosocomial infections- | |

| | |

|Opportunistic infections- | |

| | |

| | |

2.02 Classes of Microorganisms Name _______________

Handout Date ________________

Directions: Record notes and class discussion about classes of microorganisms.

|Microorganisms |

|Non-pathogenic: do not produce disease |Pathogenic: cause infection and disease |

|Normal, beneficial |May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. coli) |

|Aerobic |Anaerobic |

|requires oxygen to live |does not require oxygen to live |

|Gram-positive: |Gram-negative: |

|Generally respond to treatment |Endotoxic |

| |Pyogenic |

| |Difficult to treat |

|Class |Characteristics |Examples |

| | |(answers will vary) |

|Bacteria |cocci – round in shape | |

| |bacilli – rod shape | |

| |spirilla – spiral or corkscrew shape | |

|Protozoa |one celled, animal-like organism | |

| |contain a nucleus and other defined organelles | |

|Fungi |organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes | |

| |parasitic relationship with their host | |

|Rickettsiae |rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria | |

| |transmitted to humans through bites | |

| | | |

|Viruses |small, infectious agent | |

| |requires a host for survival | |

| |produce immune response in humans | |

| |treated with antiviral drugs | |

|Helminths |parasitic worm-like organisms | |

| |Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other diseases | |

2.02 Chain of Infection Activity Name _______________

Handout Date ________________

Directions: Cut out labeled strips. Make notes on the appropriate strip while viewing the PowerPoint presentation related to the chain of infection.

|Causative Agent |Reservoir |Portal of Exit |Mode of Transmission |Portal of Entry |Susceptible Host |

2.02 Infection Control Precautions Name _______________

Handout Date ________________

Directions: Record notes and class discussion about infection control precautions.

|Standard Precautions |Bloodborne Pathogen Standard |

| | |

|Used on All Patients |Prevention of injuries when using needles, scalpels, and other sharp |

| |instruments or devices; when handling sharp instruments after procedures; |

|Use of PPE when there is the risk of contact with any blood or body fluid, |when cleaning used instruments; and when disposing of used needles. |

|secretion, excretion, mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or tissue specimen.| |

| |Never re-cap used needles |

| | |

| |Correct use of sharps containers |

| | |

| |Use resuscitation devices |

| | |

| |To reduce occupationally transmitted hepatitis B |

| | |

|Tuberculosis Standard |Extended Infection Control Precautions |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally transmitted/acquired TB |Standard Precautions PLUS |

| | |

|Requires FIT tested and training in use of specific respiratory PPE |Airborne Precautions or |

| |Contact Precautions or |

|PPD skin testing annually |Droplet Precautions |

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2.02 Extended Infection Control Precautions Name _______________

Handout Date ________________

Directions: Record notes and class discussion about extended infection control precautions.

Extended precautions

= Standard Precautions PLUS…

|Airborne Precautions |Droplet Precautions |Contact Precautions |

|Facts that are unique to each type of precaution |

|Patient’s room door must be closed. |Most infection occurs |Anything that comes in contact or indirect |

| |within three (3) feet of the patient. |contact of the patient is contaminated. |

|Pathogens remain suspended in the air on |Droplets are heavy and usually fall to the |Needed for diseases that can be easily |

|dust particles. |floor within the three feet range. |transmitted by direct or indirect contact. |

|High Efficiency Particulate (HEPA) |Droplets come from coughing, sneezing, |Diapered or incontinent patients with |

|respirators required for health care |talking, or laughing. |intestinal infections |

|workers. | | |

|Health Care Workers (HCWs) must be fit |HCW must wear Mask / face shield if within |Wear gown if soiling is likely. |

|tested for HEPA respirators |3 feet of patient. | |

|Helps prevents the spread of: rubella |Helps prevent the spread of: |Helps prevent the spread of |

|(measles), |Some bacterial and viral Influenza(s), |gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, or |

|varicella (chicken pox), tuberculosis, (TB)|meningitis(es) pneumonia, sinusitis, |wound infections. |

|shingles (herpes zoster) |otitis media, diphtheria, pertussis, | |

| |adenovirus, mumps | |

|Negative Pressure Room with frequent air | |Private room a must. |

|exchanges required. | | |

|Facts that all precautions have in common: |

|Limit use of non-critical care equipment to a single patient / resident. |

|Wash hands after care. |

|Bag linen to prevent contamination of self, environment, or outside of bag. |

|Discard infectious trash to prevent contamination of self, environment, or outside of bag by double bagging. |

|Limit transport of patient / resident to essential purposes only. Patient / resident must wear mask appropriate for disease. |

2.02 Standard Precautions Name _______________

Handout Date ________________

Directions: Use notes and textbook answer the following questions regarding standard precautions.

|“Who” developed SP? |

|“When” does SP apply? |

|“What situations necessitate the need for SP? |

|“What” supplies are needed for SP? |

|“Where” should SP supplies be located before and after use? |

|“What” should be done to prevent needle sticks? |

|“When” should hands be washed? |

|“When” are gloves worn? |

|“When” should mask and eye protection be worn? |

|“When” should gowns be worn? |

|“What” is the proper way to handle patient care equipment? |

|“What” is the proper way to handle linen? |

|“What” resuscitation devices should be used? |

|“Where” the patient should be placed? |

|“What” are the results of failing to abide by SP? |

|“What” is my employers responsibility? |

|“What” is my responsibility in SP? |

|“What” must be removed before putting on gloves? |

|Patient care equipment should be left in the room and used only for this patient. If this is not possible, all equipment must be cleaned |

|and disinfected before using on another patient. |

|Rings – to avoid puncturing the gloves. |

|Before and after contact with any patient; after contamination with any blood, body fluid, secretion, or excretion; and immediately before |

|donning and immediately after removing gloves. |

|The patient must be placed in a private room. |

|Soiled linen should be placed in laundry bags to prevent contamination. Linen soiled with blood, body fluids, or excretions is placed in a|

|special bag for contaminated linen and is usually soaked in a disinfectant prior to being laundered. |

|To follow all rules and regulations; to report any exposure immediately to supervisor; to complete necessary incident report. |

|Any situation where health care provider may contact: Blood or any fluid that may contain blood; Body fluids, secretions, or excretions – |

|mucus, sputum, saliva, vomit, semen, or vaginal secretions, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, or tissue/cell specimens. |

|Mouthpieces should be used to avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. |

|The agency must have a policy stating actions that must be taken immediately when exposure to infectious materials or injury occurs, |

|reporting any incident, documenting any exposure incident, recording the care given, noting follow-up to the exposure incident, and |

|identifying ways to prevent similar incidents. |

|Chain of infection continues; failure to protect yourself, the patient, and other health care workers. |

|CDC |

|Before use, SP supplies should be stored in a clean area. After use, care must be taken to avoid contamination of clean supplies. Items |

|should be placed in a “dirty” area. |

|Whenever contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, tissue specimens, or non-intact skin is possible; when |

|handling or cleaning contaminated surfaces or items; and when performing any invasive procedure. |

|Gloves, gowns, and masks/eye protections |

|During any procedures that are likely to cause splashing or spraying of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions that may contaminate |

|clothing or uniform. |

|During procedures that may produce splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions. |

|When possible, safe needles or needleless devices should be used. Disposable needles must never be bent or broken after use. Never re-cap|

|needles. Place used needles in the sharps container. |

|At all times to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. |

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