John Bowne High School



Cellular Respiration

Aim: How does cellular respiration function?

Objectives – Students should be able to:

1-Identify the mitochondria.

2-Explain the mitochondria organelle.

3-Define and explain aerobic & anaerobic respiration.

Vocabulary development:

1- Organelle = is part of a cell to perform a job for it.

2- Mitochondria = is one of the organelles in a cell to provide a chemical energy called ATP by aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

3- ATP = is adenosine triphosphate, which is a chemical energy molecule that provide energy for a chemical reaction to proceed for the metabolism and released as heat.

4- Metabolism = are all the chemical reactions in the organism.

5- Aerobic respiration = is a chemical reaction by breaking down glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm (=cytosol), which enters the mitochondria with oxygen to create ATP (=chemical energy).

6- Anaerobic respiration = is a chemical reaction by breaking down glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm (=cytosol), which enters the mitochondria without oxygen to create ATP.

Do Now: Analyze the diagram of the mitochondria organelle and read with comprehend the paragraph. Determine the number of membranes and write to explain why the mitochondria are necessary to live? Work in pairs.

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Mitochondria are the organelles involved in aerobic & anaerobic cellular respiration that provides energy for a chemical reaction to work in the metabolism. Mitochondria are called the “powerhouse” of the cell, because it creates ATP, which is the chemical energy molecule that is released as heat in the metabolism. Without the constant supply of energy (= ATP) produced by respiration the cell would die. The more active the cell is, the more mitochondria the cell has to perform its metabolism. Example: A muscle has more mitochondria than a hair cell, because a muscle cell is more active than a hair cell.

Development of lesson: Analyze the flow chart diagram.

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Carbohydrates which are starch (in plants) and glycogen (in human) are polysaccharides that are broken-down to one glucose molecule or one sugar molecule is called monosaccharide.

The one glucose molecule or one sugar molecule (=monosaccharide) is broken-down to pyruvate by the process called glycolysis in the cytoplasm (=cytosol). The pyruvate can now enter the mitochondria to create energy molecule called ATP. The pyruvate can take two different paths depending on the amount of oxygen available. The two different paths are (1) aerobic respiration, (2) anaerobic respiration or fermentation.

1- Aerobic respiration in the mitochondria organelle of an animal or plant cell requires oxygen (O2) with pyruvate from glucose (C6H12O6) or sugar and an enzyme to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) with water (H2O) and ATP.

The chemical word equation for aerobic respiration is:

Glucose (sugar) + oxygen (enzyme( 36ATP +carbon dioxide + water.

2-Anaerobic respiration or fermentation in the mitochondria organelle of an animal, plant or yeast cell without using oxygen, but using pyruvate from glucose or sugar with an enzyme to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol or lactic acid.

Chemical word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal

Sugar (enzyme( 2ATP + Lactic acid.

Chemical word equation for fermentation in yeast

Sugar (enzyme( 2ATP + carbon dioxide + alcohol.

Work with in pairs or partner(s). Fill-in each blank box of the flow chart with its proper title and function.

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When a person is doing very heavy exercise and the blood cannot supply enough oxygen another sort of respiration occurs. This converts glucose into energy without the need for oxygen and is known as anaerobic respiration. The reaction is:

Glucose → Energy released + lactic acid

Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration. Unfortunately the insufficient blood supply that leads to anaerobic respiration also means that the lactic acid builds up in the muscles. High lactic acid concentrations are painful and felt as cramp. When exercise stops, the blood supply is able to provide enough oxygen to convert the lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water but this takes time and the muscle pain may continue after exercise until the lactic acid has been converted.

Explain in writing: How does the heart rate and breathing rate react to exercise, also explain the purpose of the heart and breathing rate.

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