Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools



ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 1 Test Review

Be sure to have read chapter 1 Main Objectives on Test:

[pic] Overview of Anatomy and Physiology - (Definitions: Anatomy, physiology, Gross Anatomy and the relationship between anatomy and physiology)

Levels of Structural Organization - (Be able to give examples within a body system) Body Systems Know the functions and main organs of the eleven body systems Necessary Life Functions – Be able to list, define and explain

Survival Needs - Be able to list, define and explain

Homeostasis – Define, homeostatic control mechanisms: compare negative and positive feedback systems, explain importance imbalance, explain why homeostasis is important

[pic] Anatomic position, Directional Terms and Regional Terms -Be able to describe organs

in the body using directional terms, identify the regional terms and the four main points of the anatomical position

[pic] Body Cavities and Body Planes/Sections - Define and describe where they are

located and organs that lie in or on them.

Review

I.Provide the correct term pertaining to the necessary life functions of organisms next to the description.

1. Keeps the body’s internal environment distinct and separate from the external

environment: maintaining boundaries

2. Provides new cells for growth and repair reproduction

3. Occurs when constructive activities occur at a faster rate than destructive activities __growth__

4. A sandwich that you have just eaten is broken down to its chemical

blocks digestion

5. Elimination of carbon dioxide by the lungs and nitrogenous wastes by the kidneys excretion

6. Ability to react to stimuli. A major role of the nervous system responsiveness

7. Walking and passage of glucose through a cell membrane movement_

8. All chemical reactions occurring in the body metabolism

9. At the cellular level, membranes; for the whole organism, the skin maintaining boundaries

II.Correctly identify the survival needs that correspond to the following descriptions.

10. Includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals nutrients

11. Essentials for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing_ atmospheric pressure

12. Single substance accounting for over 60% of body weight water

13. Required for the release of energy from foodstuffs oxygen

14. Provides the basis for body fluids of all types water

15. When too high or too low, physiological activities cease…primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional_ body temperature

III. ANATOMICAL POSITION

1. List the 4 important points of the anatomical position:

IV. REGIONAL TERMS (p. 13)

Please identify the region for the body part listed. Please also describe the terms ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR:

ANTERIOR:_ POSTERIOR:_ Eye Thigh Armpit Back of the knee Thigh Spine Genitals Back of the head Chest Head Groin Calf_ Neck_ Buttock_

Below the ribs

Ankle Hip Wrist_ Navel

Breastbone Point of the shoulder_ Front of the elbow

Shoulder blade

Curve of the shoulder_ Back of the elbow Heel of the foot_ Area between the hips

V. DIRECTIONAL TERMS: Fill in the following blanks with the appropriate directional terms.

The ears are to the shoulders. The ears are to the nose. The heart is to the spine. The heart is to the lungs. The elbow is to the fingers. The elbow is to the shoulder. The neck is to the chin.

The kidneys are to the liver.

The nose is to the cheekbones. The chest is to the abdomen.

The skin is to the skeletal muscles. The knee is to the toes.

The brain is to the spinal cord.

The lungs are to the stomach. The thumb is to the fingers.

VI. BODY PLANES (p. 17)

Identify the following body planes. Please use all terms associated with each plane in your answer.

1. A cut made along a lengthwise plane, dividing the body (or organ) into front and back sides

2. A cut made along the horizontal plane, dividing the body (or organ) into top and bottom parts

3. A cut made along the lengthwise (longitudinal) plane plane, dividing the body into right and left sides

Identify the appropriate body planes.

1. Incision cutting the heart into right and left parts:_

2. Incision cutting the kidney into anterior and posterior parts:

3 Incision cutting the lung into top and bottom parts:_

VII. What body surfaces are the following body parts on?

Face: Buttocks:_ Palms:_ Shoulder blades: Top of the head:_

VIII. Identify the body cavities where the following body organs and located.

Stomach:_ Small Intestine: Spleen: Large intestine: Liver:_ Spinal cord:_ Bladder:_ Ovaries: Lungs:_ Pituitary gland:_

Rectum:_Trachea:

Heart:_ Testes:_

IX. Referring to the above organs, identify which abdominal region they are located in (some organs are found in more than one abdominal region: please list all regions that the organ is found below):

Hypogastric region: Right lumbar region: Umbilical region: Epigastric region: Left iliac region:

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