CONSIDERING THE STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT
Descriptive Outlining –
To find the implicit and explicit meanings in the text.
Now you are ready to begin a process called “Descriptive Outlining.”
Directions: For each paragraph in the article, you are going to write two sentences.
Explicit (specific/clear information) – What is exactly being written in the paragraph?
Implicit (implied/unspoken/embedded information) – What is the author trying to imply in the paragraph?
An easy way to do the Descriptive Outlining is ask the following questions for each paragraph:
Explicit (what it DOES) - What function does this paragraph serve in the structure of the article?
Implicit (what it SAYS) - What is the author trying to say in this paragraph?
Use Action Verbs to write the Descriptive Outlining Sentences (i.e. verbs that help describe what text DOES)
“This paragraph ______ (verb) _____________ (function).
|adds (adds details) |demonstrates |generalizes |offers |reasons |synthesizes |
|analyzes |describes |illustrates |opposes |rebuts |traces |
|argues |details |informs |predicts |reflects |uses |
|asks |dramatizes |interprets |presents |repeats |contradicts |
|cites (quotes) |elaborates |informs |projects |states |extends |
|compares |evaluates |interprets |proposes |speculates |narrates |
|connects |explains |introduces |qualifies |suggests |quotes |
|continues |expresses |lists |questions |summarizes |supports |
Example: This paragraph informs about the definition of the word “logos.”
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Now try writing your two sentences for each paragraph in the Jeremy Rifkin article – the first two are done for you
Paragraph #1:
Explicit: This paragraph explains the advances in technology in relationship to life and its effect on human perception. .
Implicit: The author is suggesting that there is more to animals than one might at first think. .
Paragraph #2:
Explicit: This paragraph describes how researchers are viewing our changing view of animals. .
Implicit: The author dramatizes the emotions of animals to closely reflect animals as human.________________________________ .
Name ______________________________________________
Paragraph #3:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #4:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #5:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #6:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #7:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #8:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #9:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #10:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #11:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #12:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #13:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #14:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #15:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #16:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph #17:
Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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