CONSIDERING THE STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT



Descriptive Outlining –

To find the implicit and explicit meanings in the text.

Now you are ready to begin a process called “Descriptive Outlining.”

Directions: For each paragraph in the article, you are going to write two sentences.

Explicit (specific/clear information) – What is exactly being written in the paragraph?

Implicit (implied/unspoken/embedded information) – What is the author trying to imply in the paragraph?

An easy way to do the Descriptive Outlining is ask the following questions for each paragraph:

Explicit (what it DOES) - What function does this paragraph serve in the structure of the article?

Implicit (what it SAYS) - What is the author trying to say in this paragraph?

Use Action Verbs to write the Descriptive Outlining Sentences (i.e. verbs that help describe what text DOES)

“This paragraph ______ (verb) _____________ (function).

|adds (adds details) |demonstrates |generalizes |offers |reasons |synthesizes |

|analyzes |describes |illustrates |opposes |rebuts |traces |

|argues |details |informs |predicts |reflects |uses |

|asks |dramatizes |interprets |presents |repeats |contradicts |

|cites (quotes) |elaborates |informs |projects |states |extends |

|compares |evaluates |interprets |proposes |speculates |narrates |

|connects |explains |introduces |qualifies |suggests |quotes |

|continues |expresses |lists |questions |summarizes |supports |

Example: This paragraph informs about the definition of the word “logos.”

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Now try writing your two sentences for each paragraph in the Jeremy Rifkin article – the first two are done for you

Paragraph #1:

Explicit: This paragraph explains the advances in technology in relationship to life and its effect on human perception. .

Implicit: The author is suggesting that there is more to animals than one might at first think. .

Paragraph #2:

Explicit: This paragraph describes how researchers are viewing our changing view of animals. .

Implicit: The author dramatizes the emotions of animals to closely reflect animals as human.________________________________ .

Name ______________________________________________

Paragraph #3:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #4:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #5:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #6:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #7:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #8:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #9:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #10:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #11:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #12:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #13:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #14:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #15:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #16:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph #17:

Explicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Implicit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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