Common Characteristics of Tsunami Simulation Codes:
Common Characteristics of Tsunami Simulation Codes:
• Version of Shallow Water Equations solved
o linear vs. non-linear
o flux vs. velocity
• Solver – finite difference (vs. finite element)
o Method – explicit vs. implicit
o Schema – leap-frog vs. upwind/downwind
o Spatial solution
▪ placement – generally staggered
▪ order of approximation – 1st, 2nd, etc.
o Time solution
▪ placement - maybe either staggered or not
▪ order of approximation – 2nd, 3rd, etc.
o Stability equation details
• Miscellaneous Properties
o Propagation details
▪ Method of connection for sub-grids
▪ Allowable ratios of sub-grid sizes
▪ Allowable coordinate systems
▪ Configurable parameter switch (i.e. bottom friction)
o Runup details
▪ Moving boundary condition or fixed
COMCOT Details:
• Simulates both propagation and runup
• Nested multi-grid finite difference model
• Uses staggered grid placement in space
• Calculations for free surface and volume flux staggered in time
• Solves either linear or non-linear version of shallow-water equations
• For linear version, uses explicit leap-frog finite difference scheme
• For non-linear version, uses explicit leap-frog finite difference scheme, with an upwind scheme for the non-linear convective terms
• Scheme is 1st order in time and 2nd order in space
• Can use either spherical or Cartesian coordinates in each sub-region
• Allows any ratio of grid sizes between two adjacent sub-regions
• Applies a moving boundary method
• Equations are written and solved in terms of fluxes
• Allows runs either with or without bottom friction
• For non-linear, stability is sqrt(gh)*dt/dx < 1, or dt < dx/sqrt(gh)
Tsunami Details:
• Only simulates propagation
• Nested multi-grid finite difference model
• Uses staggered grid placement in space
• Calculations for free surface and velocity staggered in time
• Solves either linear or non-linear version of shallow-water equations
• For linear version, uses explicit upwind scheme
• For non-linear version, uses explicit upwind scheme
• Scheme is 1st order in time and 2nd order in space
• Uses spherical coordinates for all calculations
• Allows size ratios of 3 or 5 between two adjacent sub-regions
• Applies a static boundary condition (velocities are always zero at shoreline)
• Equations are written and solved in terms of velocities
• Allows runs either with or without bottom friction
• For non-linear, stability is sqrt(2gh)*dt/dx < 1, or dt < dx/sqrt(2gh)
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