American Journal of Industrial Medicine
[pic]
American Journal of Industrial Medicine
January 2009 Volume 52, Issue 1
|Impact of implementing the washington state ergonomics rule on employer reported risk factors and hazard reduction activity |
|Michael Foley, MA 1 *, Barbara Silverstein, PhD, MPH, CPE 1, Nayak Polissar, PhD 2, Blazej Neradilek, MS 2 |
|1Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, |
|Olympia, Washington |
|2The Mountain-Whisper-Light-Statistical Consulting, Seattle, Washington |
|email: Michael Foley (folm235@lni.) |
|Abstract |
| |
|Background |
|In Washington State an ergonomics rule was adopted in 2000 that focused on primary prevention. The implementation process |
|followed a 6-year phase-in schedule where employers came into compliance based upon their size and industry. In late 2003 the |
|rule was repealed by an industry-funded voter initiative. Evaluating the implementation of this rule offers a unique opportunity |
|to observe the general deterrent effect of a new public health regulation and to study how employers and workers responded to new|
|requirements. |
| |
|Methods |
|Weighted survey regression methods were used to analyze the results from three employer surveys covering more than 5,000 |
|workplaces administered in 2001, 2003, and 2005. These were compared to a baseline employer survey conducted in 1998 before the |
|rule was promulgated. Questions covered the following topics: WMSDs experienced at the workplace; levels of employee exposure to |
|musculoskeletal hazards; steps being taken, if any, to address these hazards; results of these steps; and sources of ergonomic |
|information/assistance used. |
| |
|Results |
|From 1998 to 2003 there was a reduction in reported exposures among workplaces in the highest hazard industries. Following the |
|rule's repeal, however, hazard exposures increased. While more workplaces reported taking steps to reduce exposures between 1998 |
|and 2001, this gain was reversed in 2003 and 2005. Employers who took steps reported positive results in injury and absenteeism |
|reduction. Large workplaces in the high hazard industries were more active in taking steps and used a wide variety of resources |
|to address ergonomics issues. Small employers relied more on trade associations and the state. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:1-16, 2009. © |
|2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
[pic] American Journal of Industrial Medicine, January 2009
|Psychosocial factors and shoulder symptom development among workers |
|Caroline K. Smith, MPH 1 *, Barbara A. Silverstein, PhD, MPH, CPE 1, Z. Joyce Fan, PhD 1, Stephen Bao, PhD, CPE 1, Peter W. |
|Johnson, PhD 2 |
|Abstract |
| |
|Background |
|Shoulder injuries are a common cause of pain and discomfort. Many work-related factors have been associated with the onset of |
|shoulder symptoms. The psychosocial concepts in the demand-control model have been studied in association with musculoskeletal |
|symptoms but with heterogeneous findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the psychosocial |
|concepts of the demand-control model and the incidence of shoulder symptoms in a working population. |
| |
|Methods |
|After following 424 subjects for approximately 1 year, 85 incident cases were identified from self-reported data. Cox |
|proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the associations between shoulder symptoms and demand-control model quadrants. |
| |
|Results |
|Cases were more likely to be female and report other upper extremity symptoms at baseline (P ................
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