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Edward R. Murrow High School AP US HISTORY

Allen Barge, Principal Ms. Albu

APUSH SEMESTER 2 RESEARCH PROJECT OVERVIEW AND DEADLINES

Directions: There are multiple parts for this cycle project that must be completed. Follow the explanation for each part of the project. Read the directions carefully.

Part 1: Research, Citations, and Bibliography

• Topics you can choose from are listed on the topics sheet. In order to gain a full understanding of the complex topic one must use several, diverse sources, and reliable sources.

• You must have at least 5 SOURCES; THREE of those sources must be BOOKS. This means you may have to get a library card (or get savvy with ). They must be a combination of primary AND secondary sources. You must have FOOTNOTES and BIBLIOGRAPHY.

• These should be in CHICAGO MANUAL OF STYLE format. Most computer programs enable you to do a citation, and number it automatically…and if you switch paragraph locations when editing, the footnotes actually move automatically!

• For internet sources you may use academic journals (see “googlescholar”: ). Make sure that your sources are related to your topic, it will be necessary for part two of your project…

• Things that HAVE TO BE CITED:

a. direct quotes, both entire sentences and phrases

b. paraphrases (rephrased or summarized material)

c. words or terminology specific to your topic or the author’s research, theories, or ideas

d. use of an author’s argument or line of thinking

e. historical, statistical, or scientific facts

f. graphs, drawings, or other such aggregations of information or data

g. articles or studies you refer to within your text

Once you have gathered your sources you use them to write an annotated bibliography!

Part II: Annotated Bibliography

An annotated bibliography provides specific information about each source you have used. As a researcher, you have become knowledgeable about your topic: you have the ability to explain the content of your sources, assess their usefulness, and share this information with others who may be less familiar with them. Think of your paper as part of a conversation. The annotated bibliography allows you to provide reasoning and commentary on the sources you have chosen so that you zero in on why this book or web-source is beneficial to your project. Use proper citation from here:

See an example below:

Associated Press, “Manure Overspray Raises Oregon Health Concerns,” McMinnville, Ore., Oct. 7, 2007, , accessed 23 March 2011.

Animal waste can be carriers of E. coli bacteria; blamed last summer for contaminating fresh spinach from California. This article speaks to farm conditions and the unmanageable amounts of waste product created due to too many animals crammed into smaller areas than healthy farming would prescribe. Such conditions show that over production and unnatural farming methods contribute to detrimental environmental conditions. Some of these conditions were also highlighted in the book Fast Food Nation.

Hughes, Donald, Pan’s Travail: Environmental Problems of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

This book shows that lack of diversity of crops and limited rotation of land for planting leads to environmental degradation. It also examines the issue of “urban metabolism,” directly and indirectly.

Martinez, Steve W. “The U.S. Food Marketing System: Recent Developments 1997-2006,” USDA Economic Research Report No. 42, 2007, , accessed 20 March 2011.

This report by the USDA shows the trends of the development of the factory farm, mass production, mass marketing food system. By its explanation it indicates the move away from local agriculture. The conclusions that can be drawn from this report are that food is barely traceable to a source, and therefore the environment pays the price of this low cost food; through fuel pollution due to shipment and also through factory farming for cheaper products.

Thorsell, William Globemedia Publishing Inc. “Europe’s farm subsidies: the roots of the problem run deep. December 15, 1990. Accessed 19 March 2011.

This article addresses the viability of small farms in Europe and claims that they can still reap the benefit of government subsidies. People are less affected by the cost of their food; an expectation that quality may cost money. It offers a possibility that the U.S. could have subsidies for farms that are used to favor small farming and support the rural economy rather than corporate interests.

Part III: 50 Index Card Facts

• You must provide 40 facts/10 quotes from your research on index cards. Keep index cards together for collection w/ a ring or a clip or rubber band. Facts = statistics, dates, people, information. Quotes = exact parts of primary sources.

• If it is paraphrased it does not have to have quotation marks. If you are looking to quote information, you should quote it on the card so you can use it exactly in your paper, where it will also be in quotations. Most of your facts should NOT be quotations.

• The facts will be on one side of the card, the title and author on the other side of the card (this will be beneficial to you when writing the actual paper because then you can easily cite the quotes/ideas from the sources – You might want to make a ‘source card’ where you only write the bibliographic information ONCE and then call that “SOURCE #1 or SOURCE #2, etc, whenever you use that fact on a source card, so you don’t have to constantly re-write that source).

• At the top of the index card, you want to think about what ‘heading’ or ‘topic’ to label it – this will help you keep cards about similar topics closer together, which will help you write your outline later.

See an example ON BACK (

SIDE 1: Give this Index Card a TITLE – example:

LABOR ISSUES IN AGRICULTURE

Approximately 50% of human labor around the world in the early 1800s was devoted to procurement of food. “In the United States at least 90% of the population had some tie to agriculture.”

SIDE 2

Paul K. Conkin, A Revolution Down on the Farm: The Transformation of American Agriculture Since 1929

(or if you made a SOURCE CARD for this source, you can just write SOURCE #1)

Part IV: Outline

• You must create an outline for your paper. This is a way to organize your facts into the order you want to present them. Remember, your paper is a story – attempting to prove a point or bring light to an issue. This website may also be helpful:

• Follow the Harvard Outline format. See below:

INTRODUCTION: THESIS STATEMENT!

I. Agricultural Shifts (Index card #’s ___)

A. Family Farming

a. Sustainable farm methods within early agriculture

b. Impact of methods on community and environment

(How do these examples help prove your thesis statement?)

B. Farming Shift – mass production

a. Overproduction

b. Agriculture Legislation – two waves

c. Environmental degradation

(How do these examples help prove your thesis statement?)

II. Changing Environmental and Population Needs (Index card #’s ___)

A. Source of Problems – Solutions to Problems: What works and what doesn’t!

a. Industrial livestock

b. Largest impact issues

c. Government sustainable agricultural laws and proposals in modern day

d. Community education

(How do these examples help prove your thesis statement?)

Part V: Draft

• A draft is a rough version of your paper. This is your opportunity to revise your content - to clarify any arguments or details you have used; move paragraphs for organization purposes; make grammatical corrections. You only need to submit 2 pages.

Part VI: Research Paper

• Your research paper should be the culmination of all of your hard work, research, and organizational tools.

It must be 6-10 pages in length, including footnotes (but NOT including your coversheet or Bibliography page).

A. 5pts off for every day late

B. All projects must be in a simple font, 12 point font size, double spacing, with one inch margins.

• Your bibliography for the final paper should not be annotated. Also, make sure you take out any sources you ended up not using, and add any sources you found after you created your annotated bibliography.

• This paper should be well written, flow properly from idea to idea (follow your outline), and be interesting and factually based. See Footnote and Bibliography example on separate sheet!

DEADLINE OVERVIEW:

|ASSIGNMENT: |DUE DATES: |

|1. Topic and Sources: Properly cite, using the Chicago Manual of Style format, at least 5 sources that you will use. They MUST include |February 6 |

|PRIMARY and SECONDAY sources, at least THREE books. Submit which topic you are writing about, why you are choosing that topic, what you | |

|think you might be arguing in your paper, and at least THREE key questions you are looking to address. 1-2 paragraphs. | |

|2. Annotated Bibliography: An annotated bibliography provides specific information about each source you plan to use. As a researcher, |February 13 |

|you have become an expert on your topic: you have the ability to explain the content of your sources, asses their usefulness, and share | |

|this information with others who may be less familiar with them. Think of your paper as part of a conversation with people interested in | |

|the same things you are; the annotated bibliography allows you to tell readers what to check out, what might be worth checking out in | |

|some situations, and what might not be worth spending time on. See additional sheet for more. | |

|3. 50 Index Cards + THESIS statement Please number all your index cards. Your first index card should have the following information on |March 13 |

|it: | |

|Your thesis statement (what you are trying to prove in your research paper). | |

|4. Outline – See directions under PART IV. |March 27 |

|5. Draft: Two pages of the first draft due – properly cited with CHICAGO MANUAL OF STYLE FOOTNOTES |April 3 |

|6. Final Project Due |May 6 |

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