Chapter 7: Creating a New Country



Chapter 7: Creating a New Country

When we left off:

• The colonies of British North America had created responsible governments

• Colonies were starting to thinking about joining together

Word recognition is a reading strategy. As you read the text, create a list of new words at the back to the booklet by copying out the bold faced words throughout the chapter. Use the dictionary or even the context of the word to define it. State how this word relates to the chapter.

Before you begin, define the words below (use a dictionary/glossary):

Confederation:

Deadlock:

Representation by Population:

Focus Question 1:

What factors in British North America led to Confederation?

1. Confederation and Political Deadlock

a. Describe the political parties in Canada in 1850 (page 150)

Party: Clear Grit Party Party: The Reds

Leader: Leader:

Supporters: Supporters:

Wants: Wants:

Party: The Blues Party: Liberal-Conservatives

Leader: Leader:

Supporters: Supporters:

Wants: Wants:

b. Which two political parties joined to make the ‘Great Ministry? (page 151)

_____________________________ _____________________________

c. The idea of ‘representation by population’ divided the Assembly (page 151).

i. What is rep by pop?

ii. Describe why rep by pop created such a problem.

iii. List the pros and cons of rep by pop.

Pros Cons

Label the British North American colonies of Britain in 1860.

[pic]

Before you begin #2, define the words below (use a dictionary/glossary):

Reciprocity:

Colonies:

Trade:

Tariffs:

Free Trade:

Manifest Destiny:

2. Confederation and Shifting Trade Partners

a. Describe what is meant by free trade and why Britain began free trade.

b. Describe what is meant by reciprocity and why ending this created a crisis.

c. Why did it make good business sense to want a union of the colonies?

Railway Revolution [pic]

What are the benefits of railways compared to the other forms of transportation?

What are the draw backs to railways compared to the other forms of transportation?

CASE STUDY: You own a farm equipment business in Ontario. The same farm equipment you sell is cheaper to buy in the United States. Free trade means that US goods are cheaper and you would struggle to keep your business operating. However, your brother is a farmer and free trade means he can sell his goods easier to the large US market.

1. What is free trade?

2. How would free trade affect your business?

3. How would free trade affect your brothers business?

4. What are tariffs?

5. How would tariffs affect your business?

6. What is better for Canada – free trade or tariffs? Why?

3. Defending British North America

Read page 153. Explain each of the following threats to Canada and how they caused the BNA colonies to consider a union for defence.

|Threat |What was it? |Would union help defend against it? Explain. |

|Civil War | | |

|Manifest Destiny | | |

|Fenian Raids | | |

How would a united country be better able to defend itself?

How would building a railway help in defence (page 153)?

The painting below is by John Gast. It represents Manifest Destiny. Columbia, a female personification of the United States, leads civilization westward with American settlers, stringing telegraph wire as she travels.

Beside the picture, explain what this tells you about Manifest Destiny and why Canada might see it as a threat.

[pic]

STOP and SELF ASSESS

Can you: Evidence:

|Define Confederation? |YES | |

| |or | |

| |NO | |

|Name 3 factors that led British North America to |YES | |

|discuss Confederation? |or | |

| |NO | |

|Explain how political deadlock led to |YES | |

|Confederation? |or | |

| |NO | |

|Explain how shifting trade partners led to |YES | |

|Confederation? |or | |

| |NO | |

|Explain how defending British North America led to|YES | |

|Confederation? |or | |

| |NO | |

Focus Question 2:

To what extent was Confederation an attempt to strengthen the Maritime Colonies?

Use page 155 to fill in the chart below

New Brunswick Nova Scotia

Facts: Facts:

Good things about Confederation Good things about Confederation

Bad things about Confederation Bad things about Confederation

Prince Edward Island Newfoundland

Facts: Facts:

Good things about Confederation Good things about Confederation

Bad things about Confederation Bad things about Confederation

Focus Question 3:

How was Confederation finally achieved?

1. Define federalism (page 158):

2. What groups joined together to ‘break the deadlock’ (page 158)?

3. What did they propose? How did this plan work (page 158)?

4. Describe the series of events that resulted in a group of people drafting the Seventy – Two Resolutions (page 159).

5. Summarize the five different perspective on Confederation (pg 159).

Confederation

6. What did each colony decide to do regarding Confederation (page 160) ?

Province of Canada

New Brunswick

Nova Scotia

Prince Edward Island

Newfoundland

Focus Question 4:

What did Confederation achieve for the Canadian system of government?

1. In what year was the Dominion of Canada created (page 162)? ________________

2. Who is the head of the Canadian government (page 162)? _____________________

3. What does a federal system mean (page 163)?

4. Look back to the information on page 20 about the Iroquis Confederacy. Compare their idea of democracy with Canada’s in 1867. Which nation was most democratic – the Haudenosaunee or Canada in 1867? Give reasons for your answer.

5. Read pages 146 and 162. Use the following terms to complete the chart that illustrates the structure of Canada’s government: Monarch, Prime Minister, House of Commons, Governor General, Senate, Members of Parliament, Cabinet.

Canadian Parliament

____________________________

FINAL SELF-ASSESSMENT

Can you: Evidence:

|Remember 3 reasons for Confederation? |YES | |

| |or | |

| |NO | |

|Explain the Maritime perspectives on |YES | |

|Confederation? |or | |

| |NO | |

|Explain how the deadlock was broken and |YES | |

|Confederation was finally achieved? |or | |

| |NO | |

|Summarize each colony’s decision regarding |YES | |

|Confederation? |or | |

| |NO | |

|Explain the structure of the new government that |YES | |

|Confederation created? |or | |

| |NO | |

PARTYYYYYYY: CELEBRATING THE FIRST CANADA DAY

It is July 1st, 1867. You are invited to the first ever Canada Day celebration. You must come to the party as a person from the box below. Make sure you answer the question prior to arriving at the party. Be prepared to share your feelings: in character!

| |

|Person from the Province of Canada (East or West) |

|Person from Nova Scotia |

|Person from New Brunswick |

|Person from Newfoudland |

|Person from Prince Edward Island |

|Person from British Columbia |

|First Nation’s chief |

|George Brown, leader of the Clear Grits |

|Antoine-Aime Dorion, leader of the Reds |

|George-Etienne Cartier, leader of the Blues |

|John A. Macdonald, leader of the Liberal-Conservatives |

|Joseph Howe, Nova Scotia politician |

|Investor in the railway business |

|Southern plantation owner from the United States |

|A member of the Fenians (Irish Americans) |

Party Questions:

1. You are now a “Canadian.” What do you think this means?

2. Did you initially support Confederation? Why or why not?

3. What are you excited about for this new country?

4. What are you nervous/unhappy about?

Let’s get writing! Responding to the inquiry question:

Write a written response to the inquiry question. Keep the focus questions in mind while answering the inquiry question.

How was Confederation going to solve Canada’s problems and lay a foundation for a new country?

Inquiry question:

How was Confederation going to solve Canada’s problems and lay the foundation for a new country?

[pic]

Name: _____________________ Homeroom: __________________

-----------------------

Canada’s General Assembly in 1850

Perspectives on Confederation

George-Etienne Cartier

Cornelius Howatt

Joseph Howe

John A. Macdonald

Jean-Baptiste-Eric Dorion

Monarch

Prime Minister

Governor General

Senate

Write in each box state whether the people are elected or appointed to parliament.

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