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Social Studies 10, 2020It is important to study History if you want to understand Human Culture, Society, Politics, Money… almost anything.Remember that our Calendar is based on a Christian Calendar. (This is an example about how our society is just random chance an “accident of history”).Year 0 is the supposed birth of Jesus (who was a historic figure whether or not you are a Christian). The years before count backwards and are called BC (Before Christ) or BCE (Before Common Era). After the birth of Jesus dates are called Anno Domini (In the year of our lord—NOT after death) or CE, Common Era.We live 2020 years after this.CultureOur thoughts and values about the world, people, men, women, art, marriage and other customs. Here you can see Maasai and Wester marriages are very different.left635Here is a basic summary of Western History. That is the culture that we have in common. Here is a reasonable version: this very rough timeline and define each of the time periods (Hellenistic is Classical Greek).5133975236855(Ancient)(From the invention of writing and the rise of cities to Golden age of the Greek civilization).Greek Civilization (300, Troy, Odyssey) Philosophy, Math, Democracy, Science, Art, Literature, Education are all influenced by the Greeks.420687597790Romans Very advanced organized society, but unethical. Architecture, Language, literature, war, religion, engineering. They had a Senate in government like we do. The colosseum looks just like a modern stadium.4091305172085Middle Ages4612005696595About 1000 years of knights, castles and cathedrals. We have romantic stories and adventures about this time, but it was a tough time with much war and famine and very little technology, medicine or education. RenaissanceThese people wanted to be like the Greeks and the Romans. They learned a lot from reading their writings. They were obsessed with Art and started thinking humans (“Man”) where impressive. 385762538100Age of Exploration (Colonialism)Europeans travelled the world by ship and made huge sums of money. They took advantage of everyone they could and put colonies all over the world. This changed everything and we could say is still happening. Canada evolved from colonies of France and England.385762592710Industrial RevolutionThe rise of profitable machines powered by coal and steam. Railroads, Steamships and cloth-making machines helped make the British Empire the world’s largest and most powerful. Recent Ages(The World Wars, Electronic Age, Nuclear Age, Information Age are later developments that we will study this year).Outline 2See slideshow about the early 1900sTime of immigration. Advertisements about Canada were very misleading. It was called “The Last Best West.” People would wait all night to get a Land Grant for 10$.Technology was very different. Canadians fought in the Boer war in South Africa. Assisting proudly with the British Empire. War and soldiering was admired as a “glorious adventure” (Canadians thought they were British). Some Prairie people lived like the First Nations. Very conservative Culture (like Victorian Britain). Women’s bodies were hidden behind acres of fabric. No one discussed sex or women’s bodies, not even doctors.People executed by hanging.Women workers earned 50% of what a man did.Fishing, Prairie wheat, Tourism (in Banff), Timber all made a Booming economy. The Klondike Gold rush was ending.People were crossing the Capilano suspension bridge, curling, playing football and participating in the Olympics. Many First Nations were in residential schools.Child Labour was still a common feature of life.Slides show: Emily Carr the artist, An Artsy photo from a photo club, A. G. Bell putting in early telephone lines and CIBC in a shack, The collapsed Quebec bridge, A Canadian type of Wheat for this climate.The Anti Asian Riots of 1907Most working class people, like miners and loggers had basically no rights. Unions were not strong or not at all. There were deep divisions between Catholic and Protestant Christians at this time.1909 was the first heavier than air Flight in Canada and the wider British EmpireOutline 3, WW1 (Feb. 18th)Films: 1917, Passchendaele. The First World War was the largest, most destructive wars up until the second world war. It was a case of “Total War” where entire countries were focused on the war effort and it involved much of the world’s people. It was also the first Industrial War, where machines and factories decided the war.The main causes are the -isms:Militarism- Arms Race- Countries developed more and more weapons to compete. Alliances- Like a fight with backup everyone in Europe got involved.Imperialism- Empires. These large unstable empires were falling apart (Russia, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman). Some people wanted an empire (Germany, Belgium, Italy). Other large Empires (Britain, France) existed also.Nationalism- Patriotism. Countries helped convince people that they were united only with their countrymen and not other people. This is how people are convinced to fight neighbouring people.In the West, Nothing really changed for a long time. Trench warfare prevented anyone getting any territory.Sides: (Triple Alliance) Central Powers– German, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire(Triple Entente) Allied Powers—France, Russia, Britain1914 - 1918At the end of the War, The allies were moving towards Germany and eventually the Germans agreed to a Cease Fire (Armistice).Germany as not treated fairly. After the Paris Peace Conference they were blamed and made to pay ruinous amounts of money to France.At the end of the war, A terrible flu (Great Swine Flu, Spanish Flu) wiped out more people than the war.The Roaring 20s (Feb. 24)When prohibition ended in Canada. We sold large quantities of Alcohol to the US illegally.In the US, alcohol was sold in secret bars called Speakeasies. (Blind Pigs).The trade in the US was often controlled by the Mafia (Eg. Al Capone).Having recently gotten the vote (1917) Feminists like “The Famous Five” lobbied for equality under the law. In 1929 The Persons case insured that they counted under any law that mentioned “Person or Persons.”Economy was very good at this time. Many people enjoyed a post-war boom. People made money and spent it. The Stock market was very profitable. It was the Jazz Age. Flapper style was in. As was Art Deco. 30s Depression March 2nd In 1929 the New York stock exchange crashed. This lead to a chain of events that meant that the US and much of the world economy collapsed. When the economy is bad many people can’t work, this leads to less things being bought, which leads to stores losing money, which leads to people being fired.This negative cycle was called “The paradox of thrift” by J.M. Keynes, a famous economist.Additionally, a terrible drought hit the central part of the US and Canada which was the “Breadbasket of the World” (Where much of the world’s grain was grown). Because the soil blew away in dust storms the region at this time was called the Dust Bowl and the decade the Dirty Thirties.The governments helped the crises more or less with their policies, but it was the production of weapons for WW2 that stopped the Great Depression.The Rise of the Dictatorships and WW2Because Germany was badly treated and suffered in the Depression.(Their currency collapsed). It was easier for the extremist National Socialist Party to Seize power.They were one of many dictatorships which emerged after the Depression. In Spain a conservative (don’t want things to change) military leader, Franco that fought a civil war and won. Supported by the Nazis and the Fascists. Stalin seized power in Russia (USSR) and he had a military communist regime (government).In Italy Mussolini, took power with a military dictatorship similar to Nazi Germany. (Remember, these extreme governments are not a good example of the countries they inhabit).These parties were not at first popular, but used thugs and intimidation to get ‘elected.’ In the case of Germany, they became very popular. They rearmed Germany and ignored the treaty of Versailles that was hurting their economy. The Nazis counted on people not wanting a war and got away with a lot. Including invading a significant part of Central and Eastern Europe. (Austria, Czechoslovakia).The Nazi form of Nationalism was so extreme that they believed they were a Master Race (Aryan or Nordic) that was superior to all others. In fact, there is very little biological difference between different races of humans; the differences in humanity are largely culture. The Jewish culture, always mistreated in Europe, were targeted and subject to propaganda (very exaggerated or false political advertising in the Media). Eventually all of their rights were taken away and their property was seized.World War 2 cont’d April 4thEven though the powerful western countries looked the other way as Hitler took over parts of central Europe it didn’t appease the Nazis.Hitler kept invading including Poland after a deal with Russia (USSR) who was a western ally. A week later Britain, France and eventually declared war. The following year he controlled Denmark, Norway, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France all in two months.The First World War involved trench warfare that was stuck for years with no one gaining territory for years, but now the German Army had a new strategy. The Blitzkrieg (Lightning War).There was a huge line of defenses between France and Germany, but the Germans went around them. Their (Stuka) Divebombers and fast-moving Panzer (Armour/Tank) divisions were very fast and the best in the world at the time. The soldiers marched after and they went deeper and deeper into enemy territory.At the same time Japan was conquering a large Empire throughout the Pacific region (they wanted to take advantage of the situation in Europe). Soon Japan had conquered huge parts of China, The Phillipines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and more. Most of these had been controlled by Britain, France, The Netherlands before. In this way, WW2 had become global.Several major events of WW2 are famous and important:1940 Evacuation at DunkirkBattle of Britain Battle of the AtlanticPearl Harbour and the war in the Pacific1941 Nazi invasion of Russia1942 Dieppe Raid1944 D-DayThe Holocaust becomes known1945 Germany Surrenders as Allied and Russian troops meet in Berlin.US uses Nuclear Bombs in Japan.Japan Surrenders.Many important technologies were developed during the war:Huge improvements to Radar, Aircraft, Submarines, Synthetics (rubber, plastics, nylon, glass) and everything else.Long range missiles developed which led to the Space Race.Nuclear Technology unlockedThe first computer used for code breakingAntibiotics were first used to treat infectionsCanada was a major participant in the war. It was called the Arsenal of Europe because they trained people and made huge amounts of weapons, munitions and vehicles and shipped them across they Atlantic under treat of U-boat attack.Canada in particular fought significantly in the Battle of Britain, Dieppe, Italy and D-Day.A divisive event in both wars was Conscription. Quebec never supported conscription in either war.Assignment for this week: look at all of the above famous events of world war 2 and write a brief definition of at least 5 of the events. You could look in Chapter 5, which is on the website, but this is often a good resource:: Watch a WW2 movie or TV episode. There are several on Netflix.EXTENSION: Do all of the WW2 events above and include a picture. ................
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