Unit 8: Roaring 20s to World War II (1920-1945) – Ch



Period 6 Study Guide: Fording an Industrial Society (1865 - 1909)

– Ch. 23-27, American Pageant

Study guide – AP U.S. History – Mr. Anderson

Key Concepts (Content) from Framework Binder

| | | |

|Key Concept 6.1: | | |

|Standard I. |Key Concept 6.2: |Key Concept 6.3: |

|Letter A. |Standard I. |Standard I. |

|Letter C. |Letter A. |Letter A. |

|Letter D. |Letter B. |Letter B. |

| |Letter C. | |

|Standard II. |Letter D. |Standard II. |

|Letter A. | |Letter A. |

|Letter B. |Standard II. |Letter B. |

|Letter C. |Letter A. |Letter C. |

| |Letter B. | |

|Standard III. |Letter C. | |

|Letter B. | | |

|Letter C. | | |

|Letter D. | | |

Main ideas / changes over time:

Gilded Age politics (Ch. 23)

Between 1868 and 1880, Gilded Age politics were infamously corrupt, timid and fiercely contested between the two major parties, eventually leading to the end of Reconstruction and a return to sanctioned racial discrimination in the South.

Gilded Age politics (Ch. 23)

Between 1880 and 1896, national Gilded Age politics between the two major parties had few differences and leaned toward business interests, leading to the development of the Populist Party.

Railroads and the Rise of Industry (Ch. 24)

The massive growth of industry and wealth in the Gilded Age was caused by the spread of railroads across the U.S., as well as other factors, eventually leading to the beginnings of government regulation of business.

The Spread of Industry (Ch. 24)

The explosive growth of industry in the Gilded Age included consolidation of businesses into trusts and rich capitalists in new industries, leading to revolutionary changes in American society, such as the growth of the labor movement.

Urbanization and Immigrants (Ch. 25)

During the late Gilded Age, the opportunities and marvels of urbanized America led to swarms of New Immigration, which was met with social reform and nativism.

Culture of the Gilded Age (Ch. 25)

Increased education and literacy had a strong impact on American culture during the Gilded Age; this culture included new roles for women, reform, and the growth of new entertainment.

Plains Indians and the West (Ch. 26)

Between 1865 and 1890, Native Americans on the Great Plains were defeated and forced onto reservations for assimilation due to U.S. settlement and the annihilation of the buffalo.

U.S. Settlement of the West (Ch. 26)

Between 1865 and 1900, Americans continued migrating westward, resulting in the final “settlement” of the West, the displacement and decimation of the remaining Native American groups, and ecological imperialism.

Agriculture and Populism (Ch. 26)

The growth of mechanized agriculture, trusts, and difficult conditions for farmers led to the development of the Populist Party, whose platform was eventually absorbed into the Democratic Party but then lost the major elections of 1896.

Imperialism and American (Ch. 27)

Arguments for and against overseas expansion turned America away from isolation as the country became an imperiali power

Specific Factual Information (SFI) topics – be able to identify, make connections with other SFI, understand significance and how they support main ideas, recognize cause and effect, and group with patterns and categories.

Bold with * = “Hudenbergs” = Most likely on the AP Exam; Underline and box = Important, and following terms are related

|Gilded Age Politics |The Expansion of Industry |Urbanization and Immigrants |

|“The Gilded Age”* meaning |Trans. Rev. continues - |Urbanization |

|Political “machine” – Boss Tweed |Transcontinental Railroads |Urban life |

|and Tammany Hall |Gov’t subsidies to RR |Disparity of wealth |

|Corruption: Credit Mobilier scandal |Railroad barons & methods |New Immigration: |

|3rd Party System – |Interstate Commerce Act |Causes of above ^ |

|Republicans vs. Democrats* |Causes of the rise of industry |Conflict resulting from above ^ |

|(vs. Populists*, eventually) |Comm. Rev. continues – trans- |Other effects, esp. ID, of above ^ |

|Laissez-faire* politics |Atlantic cable, telephone |^ Differences from “Old” Immigration |

| |Consolidation/integration |Nativism |

|The end of Reconstruction*: |– horizontal & vertical | |

|Compromise of 1877 |Monopoly* |Foundations of (later) Progressive Reform |

|Draining of northern/Republican will |Trust* |Social Gospel* |

|Ku Klux Klan |Sherman Anti-Trust Act |Settlement Houses* |

| |“Robber Barons”: |Jane Addams |

|“The New South”*? |Andrew Carnegie |Booker T. Washington |

|“Nadir of American Race Relations” |John D. Rockefeller |Dr. W.E.B. Dubois |

|Tenant farming |Social Darwinism* |NAWSA |

|Sharecropping* |Gospel of Wealth |Carrie Chapman Catt |

|Jim Crow Laws – segregation |“The New South”*? |WCTU |

|Plessy v. Ferguson* decision |Effects of industrialization |Big sister policy |

|Disfranchisement policies |Industrial working conditions |McKinley Tariff |

|Lynching |Labor Unions, aka “Labor” |Maine |

| |Knights of Labor |Teller Amendment |

| |Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | |

|The Final Displacement of the Indians |DATES: |59. Rough Riders |

|Plains Indian culture |1865-1877 – Reconstruction |60. Anti-imperialist league |

|Violation of treaties w/ Indians |1877-1900 – The “Forgotten Presidents”: |61. Foraker Act |

|“The Indian Wars” |1877 – Rutherford B. Hayes elected |62. Insular Cases |

|Annihilation of the buffalo |1880 – James Garfield elected (killed) |63. Platt Amendment |

|Assimilation attempts: |1881 – Chester Arthur took over |64. Open Door note/policy |

|Carlisle Indian School |1884 – Grover Cleveland elected |65. Boxer Rebellion |

|Ghost Dance movement: |1888 – Benjamin Harrison elected |66. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty |

|Wounded Knee massacre |1890 – Wounded Knee – the end of |67. Roosevelt Corollary |

|Dawes Act |Indian displacement, decimation; | |

|The Final Settlement of the West |the “closing of the frontier” | |

|The Homestead Act |1892 – Grover Cleveland elected again | |

|Homesteaders |1896 – William McKinley elected | |

|Mechanized agriculture |1900 – William McKinley reelected | |

|Ecological imperialism |THEMES: | |

|Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”* |ID-2 – How was identity impacted by westward | |

|The Grange |expansion and industrialization, esp. | |

|The Populist Party* – platform |concerning “progress” and destiny? | |

THESE ARE ONLY POSSIBILITIES… THEY COULD CHANGE, THERE COULD BE SHAQS AS WELL.

Essay question possibilities:

1. PERIODIZATION, CHANGE VS. CONTINUITY – To what extent was the Gilded Age (Post-bellum) America a continuation of Antebellum America and to what extent was it a different period? Do you think they should be considered the same period, just temporarily postponed by the American Civil War?

2. Overall, was the spread of industry in the Gilded Age more positive or more negative for the United States?

3. Evaluate the strategies and success of the attempts of disadvantaged groups of Americans to better their lives during the Gilded Age.

4. PERIODIZATION, CHANGE VS. CONTINUITY – In what ways and to what extent was “The New South” a reality after Reconstruction?

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