Fat Burners



|Fat Burners |

|Common Supplements |Active Ingredients/How they work? |Potential Benefits |Potential Risks/Downfalls |

|Hydroxycut |Hydroxycitric acid(inhibits fat synthesis; appetite suppression)|May suppress appetite; May |Expensive; Mostly extracts or |

| |Caffeine (increased fat oxidation; increases thermogenic |increase fat |herbal preparations, so |

| |capacity) |oxidation/utilization slightly; |bioavailability may not be |

| |Glucomannan (appetite suppression—it is fiber) |Reputable company; Seems |great; Caffeine only one with |

| |Green Tea Extract (catechins known for anti-oxidant properties |relatively safe |solid research; Minimal benefit |

| |and thermogenic capacity by preventing norepinephrine breakdown | |from green tea (4.6% loss |

| |and inhibiting lipases) | |bodyweight after 3 months); |

| | | |Long-term effects not known |

|Zenadrine EFX |Green Tea Extract (catechins known for anti-oxidant properties |May suppress appetite and |Herbal preparations vary in |

| |and thermogenic capacity and inhibiting lipases) |increase fat utilization without|chemical content because of |

| |Bitter Orange (contains synephrine which stimulates fat |the cardiovascular effects |season, plant parts, etc..; |

| |metabolism without cardiovascular effects) |associated with ephedra; |Clinical studies have small |

| |Cocoa Extract (contains compounds that improve mood and |Clinical studies done |sample sizes and effects are not|

| |theobromine and Mate’ that have thermogenic properties) | |that great; Expensive |

|Pyruvate |Pyruvate (glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid in the body, |May enhance weight loss, |Very expensive; Supplements on |

| |suggesting enhanced ability of cells to generate energy) |although minimal; May suppress |the shelves contain 100 times |

| | |appetite; May enhance muscle |less than amount shown effective|

| | |glycogen |(meaning you take a lot); |

| | | |Benefits average an extra 2 to 6|

| | | |pounds of weight loss |

|ProHormones | | | |

|“Andro” |Androstenedione (precursor to estrogen (estrone) and |None |No solid evidence of increased |

| |testosterone, so thought that increasing amounts will increase | |testosterone (mostly increased |

| |testosterone) | |estrogen) Can aromatize to |

| | | |estrogen (estradiol) and |

| | | |increase levels leading to |

| | | |female characteristics; May |

| | | |damage adrenal glands; common |

| | | |symptoms similar to steroids |

| | | | |

|1-AD |1-testosterone (anabolic steroid that is converted in the body |No aromatization, but is a |It is a prohormone so does |

|(1-testosterone) |after ingestion of supplement) |steroid; shown to be effective |require enzymatic reaction to |

| | | |active form, not 100% |

| | | |conversion; May cause liver |

| | | |damage (despite their claims of |

| | | |orally active); Hair loss; |

| | | |Shrunken testes; Expensive |

|4-OHT |4-hydroxytestosterone (anabolic steroid, not a prohormone) |None really; no aromatization |Low bioavailability; a lot |

| | | |detoxified after first pass |

| | | |through liver; Could potentially|

| | | |cause liver damage with abuse; |

| | | |Weak steroid; Short half-life |

|19-Nor |19-Norandrostenedione (prohormone normally synthesized from |None |Very susceptible to aromatase |

| |androstenedione, and can be converted to estrone or nandrolone | |(increasing estrogen |

| |(Deca Durabolin) | |concentrations); Long-term use |

| | | |not known; Similar effects to |

| | | |steroids? |

|Strength Aids | | | |

|Creatine monohydrate |Creatine Phosphate (Natural protein in the body that delivers |Effective at increasing strength|Must drink ample fluids when |

| |phosphate groups to regenerate ATP) |for anaerobic/explosive exercise|taking; Long-term risks not |

| |Increases muscle size by water retention and through faster |requiring ATP; not effective for|known; Has potential for kidney |

| |recovery and strength—it is not anabolic |aerobic exercise (ie, running) |damage or death with |

| |Targets Type II muscle fibers (anaerobic) | |dehydration; Associated with |

| | | |“puffiness”; Can be expensive |

|HMB |ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (Derived from amino acid leucine. |Seems to be relatively safe and |Very expensive; Short half life |

| |Prevents catabolism, speeds recovery, and increases fat |effective |so must take a lot and |

| |oxidation) | |repeatedly; How it works is not |

| | | |understood; Long-term risks not |

| | | |known |

|Glutamine |Glutamine (Most abundant amino acid in the body; usually given |Appears to be safe |Large doses of one amino acid |

| |to burn patients and others with stress to help rebuild muscle) | |has the potential of blocking |

| | | |absorption of others; Long-term |

| | | |risk not known; May cause GI |

| | | |discomfort |

|Ribose |Ribose (simple sugar that forms backbone of DNA and RNA, and |Non-toxic; may benefit those |Hypoglycemia possible at high |

| |also ATP when combined with adenosine) |with leg, chest, and shortness |levels; Can be expensive |

| | |of breath during workouts; may | |

| | |benefit endurance athletes and | |

| | |those who train more than | |

| | |once/day | |

|Penis Enlargement | | | |

|Extenze |Tribulus Terresteris (improves libido, increases testosterone), |May help erectile dysfunction |Blatant rip-off; This may help |

| |Epimedium Sagitaturn (improves libido; aphrodisiac) | |with erectile dysfunction, by |

| |Yohimbe extract (stimulates blood flow into penis; increases | |stimulating an erection. It will |

| |energy) | |not cause your penis to grow |

| |Ginkgo (stimulates blood) | |outside of its erectile range; |

| |Maca (may improve sperm counts and improve libido) | |Yohimbe has adrenergic effects; |

| |Potency Wood (increases libido; aphrodisiac) | |Website misspelled several |

| |Avena Sativa (aphrodisiac) | |compounds |

| |Saw Palmetto (increase libido) | | |

|Penis Pumps |Pumping blood into the penis for prolonged periods of time |Helpful with erectile |Very expensive; Danger with |

| |supposed to build surrounding tissue leading to permanent size |dysfunction (Joel Kaplan system|long-term use not known; FDA |

| |gains |FDA approved) |approval is for use as a medical |

| | | |device improving erection, not |

| | | |stimulating growth |

|Cosmetic Surgery |Lengthening by cutting ligaments | |Very expensive; Still in |

| |Thickening by fat injection | |experimental stage; Repeated |

| | | |injections often needed with |

| | | |thickening; Risk of never having |

| | | |another erection, infection, and |

| | | |odd shape |

|Protein | | | |

|Whey, casein, egg isolates |Protein is essential for building muscle, fuel, and a variety of|May benefit those who have low |Often expensive; Not really |

| |chemical reactions in the body |protein intakes |needed if protein intakes are |

| | | |adequate; More is not better |

| | | |(will be stored as fat or |

| | | |excreted); Too much protein is a |

| | | |burden on kidneys |

|BCAA |Branched Chain Amino Acids (leucine, valine and isoleucine) |May benefit endurance athletes,|Theory not backed by science; Can|

| |impede serotonin production, limiting fatigue |but otherwise none |lead to deficiency in other amino|

| | | |acids by absorption competition; |

| | | |GI stress |

|Vitamins/Minerals | | | |

|Vanadyl Sulfate |Vanadium (thought to promote glycogen synthesis, maintain blood |Been shown to benefit people |Poor absorption; GI discomfort; |

| |glucose levels and stimulate muscle anabolism) |with Type II Diabetes |Long-term use can be toxic; No |

| | | |real benefit in healthy people |

|Multi-Vitamin |Variety of multi-vitamin supplements on the market (i.e., |May benefit those with poor |Marketing schemes lead to the |

| |Centrum, One-A-Day) |intakes |belief that certain ones are |

| | | |better than others; Daily intakes|

| | | |are not really needed (every |

| | | |other day); Generally not needed |

| | | |if balanced diet. |

|Zinc |Zinc is involved in over 300 enymatic reactions, needed for |Relatively non-toxic |Long-term intakes can lead to |

| |protein synthesis and recovery | |copper deficiency, reduce HDL-C, |

| | | |and reduce iron levels; Eating |

| | | |animal products will give you |

| | | |enough zinc |

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