Confined Space Entry - Michigan



Confined Space

Entry

Training and Workshop

Consultation Education & Training Division

Michigan Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs

miosha

(517) 284-7720

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 90 Confined Space Entry and

Other Confined Space Related Safety & Health Standards 1

Permit Required Confined Space

Identify & Classify 24

Confined Space Hazards 62

Compliance Resources 76

Duties of Entry Supervisor, Attendant, Authorized Entrant 120

Help on the Internet 128

Part 90

Confined Space Entry And

Other Confined Space Related Safety And Health

Standards

[Reserved for MIOSHA Standard

Part 90 Confined Space Entry

and Part 490 Permit-Required Confined Spaces]

Pages 3-22

Permit Required Confined Space

Identify & Classify

[Reserved for Permit Required Confined Spaces: Identify and Classify slide/PowerPoint presentation]

Pages 24-38

PART 90 - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Samples of Confined Spaces for Evaluation and Classification

Space #1

This space is a fresh-water, residential well 40-feet deep and 36 inches wide. Usually it contains about 20 feet of water. Concrete casings support the sides of the well, while the well floor is exposed soil to allow flow of groundwater, which is 35 - 40ΕF.

General maintenance requires that the existing water be pumped out and the employee be lowered to the bottom to brush down the concrete casings using well water and shovel muck from the well floor.

Space #2

This space is a water meter pit, concrete lined, that is 8 feet x 12 feet x 10 feet deep (about 960 sq. ft.). It is accessed by a manhole cover leading to a vertical, fixed ladder. Employees enter to take meter readings for the fire suppression water system. The firm is located in Dearborn, an area known to have a lot of methane and hydrogen sulfide soil gases.

Space #3

This is a sulfuric acid storage tank made of stainless steel. It measures 12 feet x 18 feet and 12 feet deep (about 2592 sq. ft.). It is accessed by an 18 inch hatchway located on the top. At the bottom of the tank is a small agitator blade near the drain pipe, which leads to a tank inside the plant for parts cleaning. The acid is delivered by tanker trucks at which time the in-take valve cover is opened and the truck’s supply pipe is connected. About once a year the tank is emptied and cleaned out, at which time the agitator is p.m.’d.

WORKPLACE EVALUATION FOR THE EXISTENCE OF PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES

|1. Date of Survey and Signature of Surveyor | |

|2. Space Name / Location and Description | |

|3. Confined Space? YES / NO |1. Is the space large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work? YES / NO |

|If answer YES to all 3, then this is a confined space. |2. Does the space have limited or restricted means for entry or exit? YES / NO |

| |3. Is the space not designed for continuous employee occupancy? YES / NO |

|4. Permit Required Confined Space? |Does it contain of have the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere? YES / NO |

|If #3 is Yes, and one of these conditions is Yes, then this is a |Does it contain a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant? YES /NO |

|Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS), so continue to #5. |Does it have an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes |

| |downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section? YES / NO |

| |Does it contain any other recognized serious safety or health hazard? YES / NO |

|5A. Indicate Actual or Potential Atmospheric Hazards. |___ |

| |Oxygen deficiency |

| |_________________________________ |

| |(19.5% to 23.5%) |

| | |

| |___ |

| |Flammable Substances |

| |_________________________________ |

| |(less than 10% of LFL) |

| | |

| |___ |

| |Toxic Materials |

| |_________________________________ |

| |(not to exceed PELs) |

| | |

| |___ |

| |Carbon Monoxide |

| |_________________________________ |

| |(CO 35 PPM) |

| | |

| |___ |

| |Hydrogen Sulfide |

| |_________________________________ |

| |(H2S 10 PPM) |

| | |

| |___ |

| |Other |

| |_________________________________ |

| | |

| | |

|5B. Indicate Physical Hazards and Identify Source |Flowable Substances |

| |____________________ |

| |Noise |

| |__________________ |

| | |

| |Inwardly Converging Walls |

| |____________________ |

| |Heat/Cold |

| |__________________ |

| | |

| |Floor Slopes Downward |

| |____________________ |

| |Radiation |

| |__________________ |

| | |

| |Mechanical Hazards |

| |____________________ |

| |Asbestos |

| |__________________ |

| | |

| |Electrical Hazards |

| |____________________ |

| |Wet/Slippery Conditions |

| | |

| |__________________ |

| | |

| |Hot Work |

| |____________________ |

| |Traffic |

| |__________________ |

| | |

| |Reduced Visibility |

| |____________________ |

| |Other |

| |__________________ |

| | |

|6A. Can you Control Atmospheric Hazards Listed in 5A with Continuous|If YES and there are no physical hazards in the space, then you may use the alternate procedures for entering the space by completing the steps |

|Forced-Air Ventilation? YES / NO |defined in paragraph (c5) of the standard before each and every entry. Written certification of each entry must be documented and maintained. The |

| |steps required to control the atmosphere must be part of your written Confined Space Program. Once the space is closed back up, this is a Permit |

| |Required Confined Space requiring that all of there steps be followed the next time employee enters. |

|6B. Can you Eliminate Physical Hazards Listed in 5B without Entering|If YES and there are no atmospheric hazards in space, then you may re-classify to a non-permit space and enter according to paragraph (c7) of the |

|the Space? YES / NO |standard. The steps required to eliminate the hazard (usually Lockout/Tagout procedures) must be part of, or referenced by, your written Confined |

| |Space Program. Once the hazard has been reintroduced, this is a Permit Required Confined Space requiring that all steps be followed the next time |

| |employee enters. |

|7. Circle to Indicate the Type of Space This is: |If you cannot eliminate the hazards using c7 to Reclassify and/or control the atmospheric hazards by using the Alternate Procedures - c5, then a |

|(c5) (c7) (Full Permit) |FULL PERMIT ENTRY PROCEDURE (paragraphs d-k) must be used to enter the space. |

REMEMBER! IF CONDITIONS CHANGES, RE-EVALUATE!

Part 90-Confined Space Entry

Adopted from 1910.146 Permit Required Confined Spaces

Top 9 Violations-October 1, 1996-September 30, 1997

1) Rule (c)(1)

Evaluate the workplace to determine if any spaces are permit-required confined spaces.

2) Rule (c)(2)

Develop and implement a permit-required confined space program that complies with this standard. This program must be in writing and it must delineate whether each entry is going to be certified by use of the full permit system as detailed in paragraph (d), the alternate procedures in paragraph (c)(5), or reclassified in accordance with paragraph (c)(7).

3) Rule (c)(2)

Inform exposed employees by posting danger signs, or by any other equally effective means, of the existence, locations, and dangers of the confined spaces.

4) Rule (g)(1)

Provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by the permit-required confined space standard acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of their assigned duties.

5) Rule (c)(3)

Take effective measures to prevent employees from entering permit-required confined spaces when it has been decided that employees will not enter the spaces.

6) Rule (d)(4)

Provide at no cost to the employee, maintain, and ensure proper use of all equipment necessary for the safe entry into and rescue from permit-required confined spaces.

7) Rule (k)(1)

Ensure that employees that enter permit-required confined spaces to perform rescue services are properly equipped and properly trained, and have practiced a rescue within the last 12 months.

8) Rule (k)(2)

Ensure that any outside employer that may be called upon to provide rescue services has been informed of the hazards and provided with access to all the permit required confined spaces in order to develop and practice rescue plans.

9) Rule (g)(4)

Maintain proper certification that all training required by paragraphs (g)(1), (g)(2), and (g)(3) has been accomplished.

Part 90-Confined Space Entry

Top 9 Violations

Compliance Resources

1. Rule (c)(1)

Evaluation form

OH-5310 “Confined Space Hazards”

“Examples of Spaces Found in the Workplace”

2. Rule (c)(4)

Standard Outline Checklist

Required Components

OH-5330 “Guidelines…Written Program”

OH-5310 “General Compliance Checklist”

OH-5320 “Alternate Entry Procedure Action Agenda”

3. Rule (c)(2)

Sample sign “Confined Space”

Additional Training for Employees

4. Rule (g)(1)

OH-5330, Section IX of the Written Program

5. Rule (c)(3)

Lock, bolt, screw, somehow secure it closed, post or train, etc.

6. Rule (d)(4)

Testing equipment, harnesses, ropes, PPE, tri-pod, lights, respirators, all equipment deemed necessary by documented entry procedures.

7. Rule (k)(1)

OH-5380

OH-5381

OH-5330, Section X of the Written Program

8. Rule (k)(2)

OH-5380

OH-5381

OH-5330, Section X of the Written Program

9. Rule (g)(4)

OH-9330, Appendix D

*All referenced materials are included in this handout.

Part 90-Confined Space Entry

QUIZ

1. T F All confined spaces are Permit Required Confined Spaces?

2. T F If no one will ever enter the space, it is not considered a Permit Required

Confined Space (hereafter known as PRCS)?

3. T F Once a PRCS has been evaluated and classified, it never needs to be evaluated

again?

4. T F The Entry Supervisor must remain at the PRCS at all times while the full-permit

entry is in progress?

5. T F An Attendant must remain outside the PRCS at all times while the fu1l-permit

entry is in progress?

6. T F The Attendant can become the Authorized Entrant?

7. T F The Attendant may not perform any other duties while monitoring a PRCS entry?

8. T F The Entry Supervisor must notify the rescue service prior to the initiation of a

full-permit entry?

9. T F The employer must allow the rescue service access to the workplace to perform

practice rescues at least once a year?

10. T F The duration of the entry permit need not be stated in terms of actual time, but

may be stated in terms of the completion of the task for which permit space entry

is being performed.

11. T F All Entry Supervisors, Attendants, and Authorized Entrants must be identified by

name on the permit?

.

12. T F 'Direct reading" testing instruments only need to provide a warning sound rather

than show actual concentrations.

13. T F The Attendant must know the physical warning signs that may indicate that

something has changed inside the confined space.

14. T F The employer must review the program using canceled permits within 1 year

after each entry .

15. Documentation supporting "Alternate Entry (C5)" procedures could include all the following except:

a) Volume of space

b) Capacity and configuration of ventilation equipment to be used

c) Identified actual and potential atmospheric hazards

d) The Entry Supervisor’s name

e) Sampling results from testing of space from the time ventilation began through final determination of acceptable entry conditions

16. How long can a space, reclassified using the procedures of paragraph (c)(7), remain a

non-permit confined space?

a) One shift

b) As long as all hazards remain eliminated

c) As long as the job takes

d) As long as the boss says

FACE-93-17: Two Men Die in Well Cleaning Operation

INTRODUCTION

On May 1, 1993, two self-employed well cleaners (the victims) drowned while conducting well cleaning operations at a residential well site. On June 23, 1993, the Maryland Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MOSH), notified the Division of Safety Research (DSR) of these deaths and requested technical assistance. On July 12, 1993, an environmental health and safety specialist and an engineering intern from DSR conducted a field investigation of this incident. Interviews were conducted with the MOSH investigator, the county confined space rescue team, the county volunteer fire department, and the son of victim #2. Photographs were obtained of the incident site. Medical examiner's reports for both victims were also obtained. No atmospheric testing was conducted as the well site had been filled in and sealed.

The investigation was complicated in part by certain factors: the time lapse between the incident and the investigation, the number of emergency responders, the particular sequence of events, and the time frames of these events, and differing perceptions of the series of events occurring in a crisis situation. Therefore, a scenario of this incident was developed after carefully evaluating a diverse mixture of information. The victims in this incident worked part-time as self-employed well cleaners and grave diggers. This was the only source of employment for victim #1. Victim #2 was employed full-time as a truck driver for the county in which the incident occurred. Neither victim had any safety or confined space training. However, both victims were aware that well cleaning was a dangerous job, according to the son of victim #2.

INVESTIGATION

On May 1, 1993 three self-employed well cleaners - a 43-year-old male (victim #1), a 40-year-old male (victim #2), and his 17-year-old son - arrived at the residential well site to clean a shallow (36-inch-diameter by 40-foot-deep) well. They arrived at the work site at 9 a.m. and used a portable gasoline pump to remove water from the well, which was filled to approximately the 20 foot level. The gasoline pump was not adequate to remove all of the water, so the workmen went to a local equipment rental store and rented an electric sump pump to complete the job. They placed the pump at the bottom of the well and pumped out the remaining water to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. The victims did not use any type of respiratory protection, atmospheric test equipment, or ventilation equipment during the well cleaning operation.

Victim #1 was lowered into the well at approximately 10:30 a.m. to begin cleaning. A steel bucket, steel cable, and a homemade windlass were used to raise and lower workers, supplies, and muck from the well. The windlass was made of 2-inch by 6-inch wooden boards, crudely designed in an "X" configuration, with a steel bar across the top intersection of the "X" which included a handle at each end (Figure). Victim #1 began shoveling muck out of the well and brushing down the sides. Water was the only solvent used to clean the sides of the well. Approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes later, victim #2, at the top of the well, asked victim #1 how much longer before the cleaning job would be completed. Not hearing a response, victim #2 inquired as to the condition of victim #1. There was still no response. The second victim's son asked the homeowner to call 911 (at approximately 11:50 a.m.), stating there was trouble in the well, then requested the homeowner's assistance in lowering his father (victim #2) into the well to rescue victim #1. In a rescue attempt, the son and the homeowner lowered victim #2 into the well on a small wooden (2 inch by 12 inch by 16 inch) board which served as a seat.

Using his arms, victim #2 was able to secure his co-worker and was being hoisted up by his son and the homeowner when at approximately the halfway point (20 feet), the board that was supporting the victims started to crack. Victim #2 yelled to his son to lower them back to the bottom of the well. Victim #1 was still semiconscious but unable to assist victim #2 in attempting to exit the well. The two workers made no other attempt to leave the well until rescue units arrived. The first rescue squad to arrive on the scene was the county emergency medical squad (EMS) at approximately 12 noon. The paramedics from the EMS positioned their truck 5 to 7 feet from the well opening in order to use a light to see into the well. A rope was thrown down to the victims but victim #2 was unable to secure the rope around victim #1. By this time, the well was starting to fill with water (approximately 10 feet deep), and the victims were treading water.

Within 2 to 4 minutes after the first EMS unit arrived, the local volunteer fire unit arrived on the scene. The first rescue unit was promptly ordered by the deputy chief of the local volunteer fire unit to move their vehicle away from the well. At this point, victim #2 was coherent enough to communicate with the rescuers, but was not able to use a rope to exit the well. Victim #1 was not coherent, and was believed to be unconscious. The second rescue unit was equipped for fire rescue. Therefore, they only had 60 minute air tanks on the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA); they did not feel there was room in the well for a rescuer with full turn-out gear and an SCBA. The deputy chief of the volunteer fire unit requested a 15-minute (smaller in size) unit be brought to the scene from the fire house, which was approximately 5 miles from the incident scene.

Because victim #2 was going under the water, the volunteer fireman (rescuer #1) preparing to make the descent into the well in a rescue attempt told the deputy chief they did not have time to wait for the 15-minute unit. A decision was made to lower the fireman into the well without any respiratory protection, wearing the bottom half of the turn-out gear, a harness, and a lifeline. The fireman was lowered into the well, which now had approximately 20 feet of water, and was able to reach victim #2 within a few minutes and place a rescue line around him. (The temperature of the water was between 35 and 40 degrees F, as reported by the volunteer fireman.) The rescuing fireman was then hoisted from the well without any ill effects from the atmosphere or the cold water. (Note: the atmosphere was being tested before and after the fireman's entry - the oxygen level was measured at 17% by volume). Victim #2 was then pulled from the well, in an unresponsive condition. Paramedics administered CPR and transported him to the local hospital where he was pronounced dead, after further life-saving efforts were unsuccessful.

The elapsed time for the rescue of victim #2 was approximately 20 minutes after the first EMS arrived on the scene. By the time Victim #2 was removed from the well, victim #1 had been underwater for approximately 30 minutes. The volunteer fire unit was not prepared for an underwater recovery; the decision was made to avoid the risk of losing a firefighter in what was believed to be at this point, a body recovery. They chose in- stead to wait for the arrival of better equipped units, whose assistance had been requested to retrieve victim #1.

Divers from an adjacent county arrived approximately 40 minutes after the second 911 call. Two divers made separate dives (each equipped with self contained underwater breathing apparatus [SCUBA], full rubberized diving suits, underwater lights, and life lines). The first diver (rescuer #2) found victim #1 at the bottom of the well and managed to get a rope around him; however, when they attempted to raise him from the well, the victim slipped out of the rope and sank back to the bottom. The second diver (rescuer #3) was unsuccessful in his attempt to secure a line to the victim. A volunteer fireman from the local fire department (rescuer #4) entered the well wearing SCUBA; however, he was also unsuccessful in his recovery attempt, and complained of the cold water inhibiting his ability to recover the victim. A specialized confined space rescue team had now arrived from a different county and requested the area be cleared of all those working on the rescue effort. The specialized rescue team sent one of their divers (rescuer #5) wearing SCUBA, a full rubberized suit, life line, underwater lights, and communication equipment into the well. It took approximately 20 minutes for this diver to secure a line to victim #1. Victim #1 was then recovered from the well, approximately 4 hours after the initial 911 call. Victim #1 was pronounced dead at the scene by a forensic examiner.

In summarizing this confined space investigation, there were three major hazards identified: (1) oxygen deficient atmosphere (NIOSH, 1979), (2) toxic (carbon monoxide) atmosphere (NIOSH, 1972), and (3) cold water exposure (Golden, 1976). The medical examiner listed the blood carboxyhemoglobin saturation levels as 37% in victim #1 and 13% in victim #2.

The bacterial action and biomass in the well could have been a source for a small percentage of the carbon monoxide. However, an external source was probably responsible for the largest percentage of carbon monoxide. Testing conducted by the volunteer fire unit indicated that the oxygen level (only gas tested) at the 20-foot level was 17% by volume. When the well was pumped to the bottom, the oxygen level would have likely decreased to 12 to 15% by volume. Under conditions of reduced ambient oxygen concentration, such as the reduced oxygen level in the well, the exposure to carbon monoxide was even more critical.

The water temperature in the well was reported to be between 35 and 40 degrees F. Survival time in water at 32 degrees F is predicted to be less than 15 minutes (Golden, 1976).

CAUSE OF DEATH

The medical examiner listed the cause of death for victim #1 as "drowning complicating carbon monoxide poisoning," and the cause of death for victim #2 as drowning.

RECOMMENDATIONS / DISCUSSION

Recommendation #1: Employers involved in well cleaning operations, including the self-employed, should develop and implement a comprehensive confined space entry program.

Discussion: There was no confined space entry program in effect at the residential well site at the time of the incident. The atmosphere was not tested before entry, no mechanical ventilation or respiratory protection was provided, and no rescue plans were developed. Employers, even self-employed well cleaning operations, should develop and implement a written confined space entry program to address all provisions outlined in the following NIOSH Publications: Working in Confined Spaces: Criteria for a Recommended Standard (Pub. No. 80-106); NIOSH Alert, Request for Assistance in Preventing Occupational Fatalities in Confined Spaces (Pub. No. 86-110); A Guide to Safety in Confined Spaces (Pub. No. 87-113); and NIOSH Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection (Pub. No. 87-116).

A confined space entry program should include the following:

1. written confined space entry procedures

2. evaluation to determine whether entry is necessary

3. issuance of a confined space entry permit

4. evaluation of the confined space by a qualified person

5. testing and monitoring the air quality in the confined space to ensure:

· oxygen level is at least 19.5%

· flammable range is less than 10% of the LFL (lower flammable limit)

· absence of toxic air contaminants

6. training of workers and supervisors in the selection and use of:

· safe entry procedures

· respiratory protection

· lifelines and retrieval systems

· protective clothing

7. training of employees in safe work procedures in and around confined spaces

8. training of employees in confined space rescue procedures

9. conducting safety meetings to discuss confined space safety

10. availability and use of proper ventilation equipment

11. monitoring the air quality while workers are in the confined space.

Recommendation #2: Volunteer fire departments should identify the types of confined spaces within their jurisdiction and develop and implement confined space entry & rescue programs.

Discussion: Volunteer firefighters may be required to enter confined spaces to perform either non-emergency tasks or emergency rescue. Therefore, volunteer fire departments should identify the types of confined spaces within their jurisdiction and develop and implement confined space entry and rescue programs that include written emergency rescue guidelines and procedures for entering confined spaces. A confined space program, as outlined in NIOSH Publications 80-106 and 87-113, should be implemented. At a minimum, the following should be addressed:

1. Is entry necessary? Can the task be accomplished from the outside? For example, many fire departments use an under- water search and rescue device which consists of several sections of metal tubing connected together with a hook or retrieval device on the end. Such a device can be used to retrieve objects out of a well without the need for entry. Also, some fire departments in rural areas use water jet pumps, water siphon booster pumps, or high pressure ejector pumps to pump water at depths greater that 15 feet. This type of pump can be lowered into a well to pump out the water without the need for anyone to enter the well. Measures that eliminate the need for firefighters to enter confined spaces should be carefully evaluated and implemented if at all possible before considering human entry into confined spaces to perform non-emergency tasks.

2. If entry is to be made, has the air quality in the confined space been tested for safety based on the following:

a. oxygen supply at least 19.5%

b. flammable range for all explosive gases less than 10% of the lower flammable limit

c. absence of toxic air contaminants?

3. Is ventilation equipment available and/or used?

4. Is appropriate rescue equipment available?

5. Are firefighters and firefighter supervisors being continuously trained in the selection and use of appropriate rescue equipment such as:

· SCBA's

· lifelines

· human hoist systems offering mechanical advantage

· protective clothing

· ventilation systems

6. Are firefighters being properly trained in confined space entry procedures?

7. Are confined space safe work practices discussed in safety meetings?

8. Are firefighters trained in confined space rescue procedures?

9. Is the air quality monitored when the ventilation equipment is operating?

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z117.1-1989 (Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces), 3.2 and 3.2.1 state, "Hazards shall be identified for each confined space. The hazard identification process shall include, ... the past and current uses of the confined space which may adversely affect the atmosphere of the confined space; ... The hazard identification process should consider items such as ... the operation of gasoline engine powered equipment in or around the confined space."

Recommendation #3: Volunteer fire departments should develop and implement a respiratory protection program to protect firefighters from respiratory hazards.

Discussion: The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 1404 3-1.2 and 3-1.3 (Standard for a Fire Department Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Program) state, "Respiratory protection shall be used by all personnel who are exposed to respiratory hazards or who may be exposed to such hazards without warning .... Respiratory protection equipment shall be used by all personnel operating in confined spaces, below ground level, or where the possibility of a contaminated or oxygen deficient atmosphere exists until or unless it can be established by monitoring and continuous sampling that the atmosphere is not contaminated or oxygen deficient." Volunteer fire departments should develop and implement a respiratory protection program which includes training in the proper selection and use of respiratory protection equipment according to NIOSH Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection (Publication No. 87-116).

Recommendation #4: Volunteer fire departments should develop and implement a general safety program to help firefighters recognize, understand, and control hazards.

Discussion: NFPA Standard 1500, 3-1.1 states that "The fire department shall establish and maintain a training and education program with the goal of preventing occupational accidents, deaths, injuries, and illnesses." NFPA Standard 1500, 3-1.4 states that "The fire department shall provide training and education for all members to ensure that they are able to perform their assigned duties in a safe manner that does not present a hazard to themselves or to other members." As part of a safety program, fire departments should carefully evaluate each task to identify all potential hazards, (e.g., falls, electrocutions, burns, unsafe atmospheres, etc.) and implement appropriate control measures.

PART 90 – CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Answers

1. F

2. F

3. F

4. F

5. T

6. T

7. F

8. T

9. T

10. T

11. T

12. F

13. T

14. T

15. d

16. b

Confined Space Hazards

Part 90-Confined Space Entry

How Atmospheric Hazards Occur

1. Previously Stored Products/Chemicals

2. Unexplained Leaks/Spills: Chlorine, Acetylene, Ammonia, Water

3. Chemical Reactions:

a. Manufacturing process

b. Products stored,

c. Drying of paint

d. Oxidation/Reduction

e. Cleaning with acids/solvents

f. Rusting of metals

g. Rotting of metals

h. Rotting/decomposing, fermentation

i. Charging batteries-Increased Hydrogen

- Telephone vaults

- Basements

- Tunneling operations

4. Operations Accomplished Within Space

a. Welding

b. Painting

c. Mucking (Sludge clean-out procedures)

d. Scrapping/Sand Blasting

5. Inerting with Non-Flammable Products (CO2, N2, H2O)

Part 90-Confined Space Entry

Flammables and Combustibles

Flammable Liquids

Any Liquid having a flash point below 100 F. Flammable liquids are known as Class I liquids. Class I liquids are divided into three classes as follows:

Class IA- Liquids having flash points below 73 F and boiling points below 100 F.

Class IB- Liquids having flash points below 73 F and boiling points at or above 100 F.

Class IC- Liquids having flash points at or above 73 F and boiling points below 100 F.

Combustible Liquids

Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 F. Combustible liquids are divided into two classes:

Class II- Liquids that have flash points at or above 100 F and below 140 F.

Class III- Liquids that have flash points at or above 140 F. They are further sub dividers into tow subclasses:

Class IIIA- Liquids with flash points at or above 140 F and below 200 F.

Class IIIB- Liquids with flash points at or above 200 F.

Confined Space Hazards

• The hazards encountered and associated with entering and working in confined spaces are capable of causing bodily injury, illness and death to the worker.

• It should always be considered that the most unfavorable situation exists in every confined space and that the danger of explosion, poisoning and asphyxiation will be present at the onset of entry.

• Before forced ventilation is initiated, information such as restricted areas within the confined space, voids, the nature of the contaminants present, the size of space, the type of work to be performed, and the number of people involved should be considered.

• The ventilation air should not create an additional hazard due to recirculation of contaminants, improper arrangement of the inlet duct, or by the substitution of anything other than fresh (normal) air (approximately 20.9% oxygen, 78.1% nitrogen, and 1% argon with small amounts of various other gasses).

• The terms air and oxygen are sometimes considered synonymous. However, this is a dangerous assumption, since the use of oxygen in place of fresh (normal) air for ventilation will expand the limits of flammability and increase the hazards of fire and explosion.

Types of Confined Spaces

• Confined spaces can be categorized generally as those with open tops and with a depth that will restrict the natural movement of air, and enclosed spaces with very limited openings for entry. (In either case, the space may contain mechanical equipment with moving parts.)

• Degreasers. Pits and certain types of storage tanks may be classified as open topped confined spaces that usually contain no moving parts. However, gases that are heavier than air (butane, propane, and other hydrocarbons) remain in depressions and will flow to low points where they are difficult to remove.

• Other hazards may develop due to the work performed in the confined space or because of corrosive residues that accelerate the decomposition of scaffolding supports and electrical components.

• Confined spaces such as sewers, casings, tanks, silos, vaults, and compartments of ships usually have limited access which increases the risk of injury.

• Hazards specific to a confined space are dictated by:

1. the material stores of used in the confined space; as an example, damp activated carbon in a filtration tank will absorb oxygen, thus creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere;

2. the activity carried out, such as the fermentation of molasses that created ethyl alcohol vapors and decreases the oxygen content of the atmosphere; or

3. the external environment, as in the case of sewer systems that may be affected by high tides, heavier that air gases, or flash floods.

• The most hazardous kind of confined space is the type that combines limited access and mechanical devises. Digesters and boilers usually contain power-driven equipment, which, unless properly isolated, may be inadvertently activated after entry.

Reasons for Entering Confined Spaces

• Usually done to perform a necessary function, such as inspection, repair, maintenance (cleaning or painting), or similar operations, which would be an infrequent of irregular function of the total industrial activity.

• Entry may also be made during new construction. When the area meets the criteria for a confined space, all ventilation and other requirements should be enforced.

• One of the most difficult entries to control is that of unauthorized entry, especially when there are large number of workers and trades involved, such as welders, painters, electricians, and safety monitors.

• A final and most important reason for entry would be emergency rescue. The standby person and all rescue personnel should be aware of the structural design of the space, emergency exit procedures, and life support systems required.

Flammable Atmospheres

• Generally arise from enriched oxygen atmospheres, vaporization of flammable liquids, byproducts of work, chemical reactions, concentrations of combustible dusts, and desorption of chemical from inner surfaces of the confined space.

• Flammable gases such as acetylene, butane, propane, hydrogen, methane, natural or manufactured gases or vapors from liquid hydrocarbons can be trapped in confined spaces, and since many gases are heavier than air, they will seek lower levels as in pits, sewers, and various types of storage tanks and vessels.

• In a closed top tank, lighter than air gases may rise and develop a flammable concentration if trapped above the opening.

• The byproducts of work procedures such as spray painting can generate flammable or explosive conditions within a confined space.

• Welding in a confined space is a major cause of explosions in areas that contained combustible gas.

• Combustible dust concentrations are usually found during the process of loading, unloading and conveying grain products, nitrated fertilizers, finely ground chemical products, and any other combustible material.

Toxic Atmospheres

• The source of toxic atmospheres encountering in confined spaces may arise from the following:

1. The manufacturing process (for example, in producing polyvinyl chloride, hydrogen chloride is used as will as vinyl chloride monomer, which is carcinogenic).

2. The product stored [removing decomposed organic materials from a tank can liberate toxic substances, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S)].

3. The operation performed in the confined space (for example, welding or brazing with metals capable of producing toxic fumes).

• During loading, unloading, formulation, and production, mechanical and/or human error may also produce toxic gases which are not part of the planned operation.

• Carbon monoxide (CO) is a hazardous gas that may build up in a confined space.

➢ Odorless, colorless gas approximately the same density as air is formed from incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood, coal, gas, oil, and gasoline; can be formed from microbial decomposition of organic matter in sewers, silos, and fermentation tanks.

➢ Early stages of CO intoxication are nausea and headache. May be fatal at 1000 ppm in air, and its considered dangerous at 200 ppm, because it forms carboxyhemoglobin in the blood, which prevents the distribution of oxygen in the body.

• A safe reading on a combustible gas indicator does not ensure that CO is not present. Carbon monoxide must be tested for specifically.

• The formation of CO may result from chemical reactions or work activities, therefore fatalities due to CO poisoning are not confined to any particular industry. Examples:

➢ Sewage treatment plants due to decomposition products and lack of ventilation in confined spaces

➢ Formation of silo gas in grain storage elevators

Irritant (Corrosive) Atmospheres

• Irritant or corrosive atmospheres can be divided into primary and secondary groups.

• The primary irritants exert no systemic toxic effects (effects on the entire body). Examples include chlorine, ozone, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide.

• A secondary irritant is one that may produce systematic toxic effects in addition to surface irritation. Examples include benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl chloride, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and chloropropene.

• Irritant gases vary widely among all areas of industrial activity. They can be found in plastic plants, chemical plants, the petroleum industry, tanneries, refrigeration industries, paint manufacturing, and mining operations.

• Prolonged exposure at irritant or corrosive concentrations in a confined space may produce little of no evidence of irritation but may result in a general weakening of the defense reflexes from changes in sensitivity. The danger in this situation is that the worker is usually not aware of any increase in his/her exposure to toxic substances.

Asphyxiating Atmospheres

• The normal atmosphere is composed approximately of 20.9% oxygen, 78.1% nitrogen, and 1% argon with small amounts of various other gases.

• Decreased oxygen levels (below the atmospheric level of 20.9% by volume) can cause various effects including:

➢ Level of 17%: increased breathing volume and accelerated heartbeat

➢ Between 14-16%: increased breathing volume, accelerated heartbeat, very poor muscular coordination, rapid fatigue, and intermittent respiration

➢ Between 6-10%: nausea, vomiting, inability to perform, and unconsciousness

➢ Less than 6%: spasmatic breathing, convulsive movements, and death in minutes

• Reduction of Oxygen in a confined space may be the result of either consumption or displacement.

• Consumption of oxygen:

➢ Takes place during combustion of flammable substances, as in welding, heating, cutting and brazing

➢ During bacterial action, as in the fermentation process

➢ During chemical reactions as in the formation of rust on the exposed surface of the confined space (iron oxide)

➢ Rate of consumption influenced by the number of people working in a confined space and the amount of their physical activity

• Displacement of oxygen by another gas:

➢ Examples of gases that are used to displace air, and therefore reduce the oxygen level, are helium, argon, and nitrogen. Carbon dioxide may also be used to displace air and can occur naturally in sewers, storage bins, wells, tunnels, wine vats, and grain elevators.

➢ Gases such as nitrogen, argon, helium and carbon dioxide are used as intering agents to displace flammable substances and retard pyrophoric reactions, resulting in oxygen deficient atmospheres.

General Safety Hazards

Mechanical

• If activation of electrical or mechanical equipment would cause injury, each piece of equipment should be manually isolated to prevent inadvertent activation before workers enter or while they work in a confined space.

• To prevent vapor leaks, flashbacks, and other hazards, workers should completely isolate the space.

➢ The closing of valves is not sufficient-all pipes must be physically disconnected or isolation blanks bolted in place.

➢ Where flammable liquids or vapors may re-contaminate the confined space, the blanked or disconnected pipes should be inspected and tested for leakage.

• Other areas of concern are steam valves, pressure lines, and chemical transfer pipes.

General Safety Hazards

Communication Problems

• Communication between the worker inside and the standby person outside is of utmost importance.

• When visual monitoring of the worker is not possible because of the design of the confined space or location of the entry hatch, a voice or alarm-activated explosion proof type of communication systems will be necessary.

• Suitable illumination of an approved type is required to provide sufficient visibility for work in accordance with the recommendations made in the Illuminating Engineering Society Lighting Handbook.

General Safety Hazards

Entry and Exit

• Entry and exit time is of major significance as a physical limitation and is directly related to the potential hazard of the confined space.

• The extent of precautions taken and the standby equipment needed to maintain a safe work area will be determined by the means of access and rescue

• The following should be considered:

➢ Type of confined space to be entered

➢ Access to the entrance

➢ Number and size of openings

➢ Barriers within the space

➢ Occupancy load

➢ Time requirement for exiting in event of fire or vapor incursion

➢ Time required to rescue injured workers

Physical Hazards

Thermal Effects

• When a body temperature of approximately 102 F is exceeded, workers are less efficient, and are prone to heat exhaustion, heat cramps, or heat stroke.

• Special precautions must be taken in cold environments to prevent frostbite, trench foot, and general hypothermia.

• Protective insulated clothing for both hot and cold environments will add additional bulk to the worker and must be considered in allowing for movement in the confined space and exit time.

Physical Hazards

Noise

• Noise problems are usually intensified in confined spaces because the interior tends to cause sound to reverberate and thus expose the worker to higher sound levels than those found in an open environment.

• This intensified noise increases the risk of hearing damage to workers which could result in temporary or permanent loss of hearing.

• Noise in a confined space, which, may not be intense enough to cause hearing damage may still disrupt verbal communication with the emergency standby person on the exterior of the confined space.

Physical Hazards

Vibration

• Whole body vibration may affect multiple body parts and organs depending upon the vibration characteristics.

• Segmental vibration, unlike whole body vibration, appears to be more localized in creating injury to the fingers and hands of workers using tools, such as pneumatic hammers, rotary grinders or other hand tools which cause vibration.

Physical Hazards

General/Physical

• Some physical hazards such as scaffolding, surface residues, and structural hazards cannot be eliminated because of the nature of the confined space or the work to be performed.

• The use of scaffolding in confined spaces has contributed to many accidents caused by workers or materials falling, improper use of guardrails, and lack of maintenance to insure worker safety.

• Surface residues in confined spaces can increase the already hazardous conditions of electrical shock, reaction of incompatible materials, liberation of toxic substances, and bodily injury due to slips and falls. Without protective clothing, additional hazards to health may arise due to surface residues.

• Structural hazards within a confined space such as baffles in horizontal tanks, trays in vertical towers, bends in tunnels, overhead structural members, or scaffolding installed for maintenance constitute physical hazards, which are exacerbated by the physical surroundings.

• Rescue procedures may require withdrawal of an injured or unconscious person. Careful planning must be given to the relationship between the internal structure, the exit opening, and the worker.

Compliance

Resources

PART 90- CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Required Components Determined by:

WHO is Going to Enter

|Item |Description |Required Components/Rules |

|1 |NO ENTRY BY EMPLOYEES | |

| | | |

| |Employer Responsible to Employees |(c)(1)- Evaluate Workplace for Presence of PRCS |

| | |(2)- Signs or Training of Location & Danger |

| | |(3)- Take Steps to Prevent Entry |

|2 |ENTRY BY CONTRACTOR(s) ONLY: | |

| | | |

|2a |Employer (Host) Responsible to Employees- |(c)(1)- Evaluate Workplace for Presence of PRCS |

| | |(2)- Signs or Training of Location & Danger |

| | |(3)- Take Steps to Prevent Entry |

| |Host Responsible to Contractor(s) - | |

|2b | |(c)(8)(i)- Inform Contractor of PRCS and Need to Comply |

| | |(ii)- Apprise Contractor of Hazards and Experience |

| | |(iii)- Apprise Contractor of Precautions Taken |

| | |(v)- Debrief Contractor at Conclusion of Entry |

| |Contractor Responsible to Its Own Employees - | |

| | |In addition to complying with permit space requirements that apply to all |

|2c | |employers, each contractor who is retained to perform permit space entry |

| | |operations shall: |

| |Contractor Responsible to Host - | |

| | |(c)(9)(i)- Obtain Information from Host |

| |Contractor Responsible to Contractor - | |

|2d | |(d)(11)- Procedures to Coordinate Multiple Employers |

| | | |

|2e | | |

|3 |ENTRY BY EMPLOYER’S EMPLOYEES: |(c)(1)- Evaluate Workplace for Presence of PRCS |

| | |(2)- Signs or Training of Location & Danger |

| | |(4)- Establish Written Permit Space Program to include: |

| |C5- Alternate Entry |(c)(5)- Alternate Entry |

| | |(g) - Training, and/or |

| |C7- Reclassification |(c)(7)-Reclassification |

| | |(g) - Training, and/or |

| |Full Permit Entry |(d) - Permit Space Program |

| | |(e) - Permit System |

| | |(f) - Entry Permit |

| | |(g) - Training |

| | |(h) - Authorized Entrants |

| | |(i) - Attendants |

| | |(j) - Entry Supervisor |

| | |(k) - Training |

This chart is a guideline, it does not take place of reading and understanding the standard: Part 90-Confined Space Entry.

Part 90- CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Required Components Determined by:

WHO is Going to Enter

|4 |ENTRY BY EMPLOYER AND CONTRACTOR (S): | |

| | | |

| |Employer Responsible to Employees | |

| | |Combine Item 3 and (c)(8)(iv)- Coordinate entry operations with the |

| | |contractor as required by (d)(11) |

| |Employer Responsible to Contractor | |

| | |Combine Item 2b and (c)(8)(iv)- Coordinate entry operations with the |

| | |contractor as required by (d)(11) |

PART 90- CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

EXAMPLES OF SPACES FOUND IN THE WORKPLACE

Electrical Equipment Industry

Air handler Process equipment

Boiler Scrubber

Conveyor enclosure Sewer

Degreaser Storage tank

Duct work Tank

Dust collector Trench

Furnace Vault

Gas cabinet Well

Mixer

Plating/rinse tank

Fabricated Metal Products Industry

Blast recovery pit Precipitator

Boiler Sewer

Conveyor enclosure Tanks

Dikes Tunnels

Dust Collector Vat

Furnace vault Vessel

Furnace Well

Pit

Machinery Manufacturing

Boiler

Conveyor enclosure

Dust collector

Hopper

Pit

Silo

Tank

Tunnel

Vault

PART 90- CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

EXAMPLES OF SPACES FOUND IN THE WORKPLACE

Food and Kindred Products Establishment

Air scrubber Hoppers

Batch cooker Hydrogenators

Bins Kettles

Bleachers Meal bins

Boilers Meal dryers

Caustic soda tank Mixers

Clay hopper Oil tanks

Conditioners Oilseed silos

Continuous cookers Ovens

Conveyor enclosures Pipes

Crude oil tank cars/trucks Pits

Deodorizers Protein bins

Desolventizer/toaster Sewer manholes

Dowthermn boilers Sewers

Dust collectors Silos

Extractors Starch dust collectors

Finished product tank cars/trucks Steam boilers

Flour silos Tallow tank

H2 reformer furnace Tank trucks

H2SO4 tanks Tanks

Heated lard tanks Vats

Heated liquid sugar bins Vessels

Holding bins

Printing and Publishing

Air pollution equipment

Boiler

Ink tank

Solvent tank

PART 90- CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

EXAMPLES OF SPACES FOUND IN THE WORKPLACE

Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Chemical pits Planting tanks

Chemical tanks Sewers

Compactor Silos

Degreaser tank Tanks

Diked areas Vaults

Dust collector Waste collectors

Hoppers Waste pits

Mixer Waste tanks

Pits

Other Establishments

Autoclaves

Bins

Boilers

Chimneys

Dust collectors

Fuel tanks

Head houses

Hoppers

Incinerator

Manholes

Manure pits

Moving stair motor rooms

Pits

Precipitator

Sewers

Silos

Surge tanks

Tank cars/trucks

Tanks

Vats

Vessels

Washers

Water heaters

Water tower

[Reserved for the CET #0322 "DANGER PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE" poster]

Part 90-Permit-Required CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (adopting Fed.Std.1910.146)

Standard Outline Checklist – Page 1

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

| |Section C- General Requirements | | | |

|1 | | | | |

| |(1) Workplace evaluated for presence of permit required confined space? | | | |

| |(2) Danger signs/Employees informed of location and danger? | | | |

|2 | | | | |

|3 |(3) Steps taken to prevent employee entry into the PRQS? | | | |

|4 |(4) Written permit space entry program established? | | | |

|5 | Written program available for inspection by employee (‘s) Reps? | | | |

| |If employer uses alternate procedures to enter permit space, answer questions on Page 6, | | | |

| |otherwise, continue with Section D | | | |

| | Section D- Permit Required Confined Space Program | | | |

|6 | | | | |

| |(1) Measures implemented to prevent unauthorized entry? | | | |

|7 |(2) Hazards identified and evaluated prior to employee entry? | | | |

|8 |(3) Means, Practices, and Procedures implemented for safe entry? | | | |

|9 | (i) Acceptable entry conditions specified? | | | |

|10 | (ii) Permit Space isolated? | | | |

| | (iii) Purging, inerting, flushing, or venting to eliminate or control atmospheric hazard | | | |

|11 |performed? | | | |

|12 | (iv) Vehicular or pedestrian barriers erected? | | | |

|13 | (v) Verification of acceptable conditions throughout authorized entry? | | | |

|14 |(4) Required equipment provided and maintained? | | | |

|15 | (i) Testing and monitoring equipment provided and maintained? | | | |

|16 | (ii) Ventilation equipment to maintain acceptable conditions? | | | |

|17 | (iii) Communication equipment/method? | | | |

|18 | (iv) Personal Protective Equipment? | | | |

|19 | (v) Adequate lighting equipment? | | | |

|20 | (vi) Barriers and shields? | | | |

|21 | (vii) Ladders, adequate means of Egress and Ingress? | | | |

|22 | (viii)Rescue and Emergency Equipment? | | | |

| | (ix) Other equipment necessary for safe entry into and rescued from space? | | | |

|23 | | | | |

|24 |(5) Permit space conditions evaluated for entry operations? | | | |

|25 | (i) Test space prior to entry to determine conditions? | | | |

|26 | (ii) Test conditions for duration of entry operations? | | | |

|27 | (iii) Testing sequence correct (oxygen…combustibles…toxics)? | | | |

| |(6) At least one attendant provided outside of permit space during entry operations? | | | |

|28 | | | | |

| |(7) Means for attendant of multiple spaces to respond to emergency in one or more spaces w/o | | | |

|29 |distracting the responsibility for the other spaces? | | | |

Part 90-Permit-Required CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (adopting Fed.Std.1910.146)

Standard Outline Checklist – Page 2

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

| |Section D- continued | | | |

| |(8) Persons with active roles designated? (entrants, attendants, testers, etc.) | | | |

|30 | | | | |

| |(9) Systems for summoning rescue and emergency services developed and implemented? | | | |

|31 | | | | |

| |(10) System for preparation, issuance and cancellation of permits developed and | | | |

|32 |implemented? | | | |

| |(11) Method of coordinating entry operations involving more than one employer developed and| | | |

|33 |implemented? | | | |

|34 |(12) Methods developed for closing of space and canceling permits? | | | |

| |(13) Entry operations reviewed to assure that procedures protect employees in the confined | | | |

|35 |space? | | | |

|36 |(14) Program reviewed annually and revised when required? | | | |

| |Section E - Permit System | | | |

|37 | | | | |

| |(1) Entry permit prepared prior to entry? | | | |

|38 |(2) Permit signed by entry supervisor? | | | |

|39 |(3) Permit available to all authorized entrants? (i.e. post at entrance) | | | |

| |(4) Duration of permit does not exceed time to complete the | | | |

|40 |assigned job? | | | |

| |(5) Entry terminated when: | | | |

|41 | | | | |

|42 | (i) Entry operations covered by permit are completed? | | | |

|43 | (ii) A condition that is not allowed under the entry permit arises in or near the | | | |

| |space? | | | |

|44 |(6) Cancelled entry permits retained for at least one year? | | | |

|45 | Problems encountered during entry noted on permit? | | | |

| |Section F – Entry Permit | | | |

|46 | | | | |

| |Entry permit that documents compliance must identify: | | | |

|47 |(1) The permit space to be entered? | | | |

|48 |(2) The purpose of the entry? | | | |

|49 |(3) The date and authorized duration of the entry permit? | | | |

|50 |(4) Identification of entrants? | | | |

|51 |(5) Name of attendant(s)? | | | |

|52 |(6) Name of entry supervisor? | | | |

|53 |(7) Hazard(s) of the permit space to be entered? | | | |

|54 |(8) Measures used to isolate space? | | | |

|55 |(9) Acceptable entry conditions? | | | |

|56 |(10) Results of initial and periodic tests? | | | |

Part 90-Permit-Required CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (adopting Fed.Std.1910.146)

Standard Outline Checklist – Page 3

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

|57 |(11) Emergency and rescue services that can be summoned, the means and telephone numbers? | | | |

|58 |(12) Communication procedures used by entrants? | | | |

|59 |(13) Equipment provided, such as PPE, testing equipment, communications equipment? | | | |

| |(14) Information on special conditions that may affect safety of entrants? | | | |

|60 | | | | |

|61 |(15) Any additional permits that have been authorized for work in the space? | | | |

| |Section G – Training | | | |

|62 |(2) All affected employees received required training? | | | |

|63 | (i) Before assigned duties in confined space? | | | |

|64 | (ii) Before a change in assigned duties? | | | |

|65 | (iii) Whenever a change occurs in the permit space that was not included in the original | | | |

| |training? | | | |

|66 |(iv)Whenever there are inadequacies in employee knowledge or use of | | | |

| |these procedures? | | | |

|67 |(3) Employee proficiency established by training? | | | |

|68 |(4) Certification of training by employer? | | | |

| |Section H – Duties of Authorized Entrants | | | |

|69 |(1) Aware of all hazards faced during entry (mode, signs, symptoms & consequences of | | | |

| |exposure? | | | |

|70 |(2) Aware of how to use equipment properly as required by (d)(4)? | | | |

|71 |(3) Communicate with Attendant (monitor status and alert need to evacuate)? | | | |

|72 |(4) Alert the attendant if: | | | |

|73 | (i) Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of danger? | | | |

|74 | (ii) Entrant detects a prohibited condition? | | | |

|75 |(5) Entrant knows how to exit from the permit space as quickly as possible? | | | |

|76 | (i) If an order to evacuate is given by the Attendant or Entry Supervisor? | | | |

|77 | (ii) If the Entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of danger? | | | |

|78 | (iii) If the Entrant detects a prohibited condition> | | | |

|79 | (iv) If the evacuation alarm is activated? | | | |

Part 90-Permit-Required CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (adopting Fed.Std.1910.146)

Standard Outline Checklist – Page 4

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

| |Section I – Duties of Attendants | | | |

|80 | | | | |

| |(1) Knows the hazards that will be faced? | | | |

|81 |(2) Aware of behavioral effects of hazards exposure? | | | |

|82 |(3) Maintains accurate count of Entrants & able to identify Authorized Entrants? | | | |

|83 |(4) Remains outside of the permit space(s) until relieved? | | | |

|84 |(5) Maintains communication with Entrants as necessary to monitor Entrants status? | | | |

|85 |(6) Monitors activities inside and outside of space to determine if it’s safe to Entrants | | | |

| |to remain? | | | |

| |Evacuates permit space immediately under the following conditions: | | | |

|86 | (i) If the Attendant detects a prohibited condition? | | | |

|87 | (ii) If the Attendant detects the behavioral effects of hazard exposure in an | | | |

| |Authorized Entrant? | | | |

|88 | (iii) If the Attendant detects a situation outside the space that could endanger the | | | |

| |authorized entrants? | | | |

|89 | (iv) If the Attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the duties? | | | |

|89 |(7) Summons rescue and other emergency services as soon as danger is discovered? | | | |

|90 |(8) Take the appropriate actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space | | | |

| |while entry is underway? | | | |

|91 |(9) Perform non-entry rescue as specified by employer’s procedures? | | | |

|92 |(10) Perform no other duties that might interfere with Attendants primary duty to monitor| | | |

| |and protect the entrants? | | | |

| |Section J – Duties of Entry Supervisor | | | |

|93 |(1) Knowledge of hazards that may be faced upon entry? | | | |

|94 |(2) Verifies that proper entries have been made on the permit? | | | |

|95 |(3) Terminates entry and cancels permit as required? | | | |

|96 |(4) Verifies that rescue services are available and that means of summoning them are | | | |

| |operable? | | | |

|97 |(5) Removes unauthorized persons who enter or attempt to enter the permit space during | | | |

| |entry operations? | | | |

|98 |(6) Determines whenever permit entry operation is transferred, that entry operations remain| | | |

| |constant and conditions remain acceptable? | | | |

Part 90-Permit-Required CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (adopting Fed.Std.1910.146)

Standard Outline Checklist – Page 5

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

| |Section K – Rescue and Emergency Service | | | |

|99 | | | | |

| |(1) Employer has employees enter permit spaces to perform rescue services. | | | |

|100 | (i) Each member of rescue service is provided with and trained in the use of PPE and | | | |

| |required rescue equipment? | | | |

|101 | (ii) Each member of rescue service is trained to perform the | | | |

| |assigned duties? | | | |

|102 | (iv) Each member of rescue service is trained in basic first aid and CPR. At least one | | | |

| |member holding a current certification for first aid and CPR shall be available? | | | |

|103 |(2) Employer (host) has off-site rescue service to perform rescue? | | | |

|104 | (i) Inform rescue service of hazards they may confront? | | | |

|105 | (ii) Provide access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary to develop | | | |

| |plans and practice? | | | |

|106 |(3) Retrieval systems shall be used whenever possible to facilitate non-entry rescue? | | | |

|107 | (i) Entrants use chest or full-body harness, retrieval line? | | | |

|108 | (ii) Line attached to fixed point or mechanical device? | | | |

Part 90-Permit-Required CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (adopting Fed.Std.1910.146)

Standard Outline Checklist – Page 6

Answer these questions if you have chosen to use Alternate Procedures,

C5, instead of a full permit entry.

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

| |Section C Subparagraph 5 – Alternate Procedures (C5 Entry) | | | |

|1 | | | | |

| |(i) An employer need not comply with paragraphs d through f and h through k if: | | | |

| |(A) Employer can demonstrate that the only hazard is an actual or | | | |

|2 |potential hazardous atmosphere? | | | |

| |(B) Employer can demonstrate that forced air ventilation alone is | | | |

|3 |sufficient to maintain the space for entry? | | | |

| |(C) Monitoring and inspection data developed to support A and B? | | | |

|4 | | | | |

| |(D) Initial entry, if needed, is accomplished using the requirements of | | | |

|5 |paragraphs d through k. | | | |

| |(E) Determinations and supporting documents are provided to each | | | |

|6 |employee who enters the permit space? | | | |

| |(F) Entry into the space is performed under the terms of paragraph c(5)(ii)? | | | |

|7 | | | | |

|7 |(5)(ii) Requirements to enter space under (c)(5)(ii) are: | | | |

|8 |(A) Conditions that make it unsafe to remove cover are eliminated before | | | |

| |cover is removed? | | | |

| |(B) Opening promptly guarded by railing or temporary barrier? | | | |

|9 | | | | |

|10 |(C) Internal atmosphere tested prior to entry? In order of: | | | |

|11 | (1) Oxygen content, | | | |

|12 | (2) Flammable gases and vapors, and | | | |

|13 | (3) Potential toxic air contaminants | | | |

|14 |(D) Absence of any hazardous atmosphere in space when entered by | | | |

| |employee? | | | |

|15 |(E) Continuous forced air ventilation? | | | |

|16 |(F) Periodic testing of air in space? | | | |

|17 |(G) Evacuation if hazardous atmosphere is detected? | | | |

|18 |(H) Employer verifies that space is safe for entry and that all | | | |

| |requirements under this paragraph have been met in writing? | | | |

|19 |(6) Employer reevaluates space when changes in use or configuration that | | | |

| |might increase hazards? | | | |

Part 90-Permit-Required CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (adopting Fed.Std.1910.146)

Standard Outline Checklist – Page 7

Answer these questions if you have chosen to Reclassify as a Non-Permit

Confined Space using C7, instead of a full permit entry.

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

| |Section C Subparagraph 7– Alternate Procedures (C7Entry) | | | |

|1 | | | | |

| |(7) An employer may reclassify as a non-permit confined space under | | | |

| |following procedures: | | | |

| |(i) The permit space poses no actual or potential atmospheric hazards and | | | |

|2 |all hazards are eliminated without entry into the space? | | | |

| |(ii) Entry to eliminate hazards, if needed, is performed under paragraphs | | | |

|3 |d through k? | | | |

| | (iii) Employer documents basis for determining all hazards eliminated | | | |

|4 |through written certification? | | | |

|5 | (iv) Reevaluate space if hazards arise while declassified? | | | |

Answer these questions if you (Host Employer) arrange to have employees of another employer (Contractor) perform work involving permit space entry C8 and C9.

|ITEM |DESCRIPTION |YES |NO |N/A |

| |Section C Subparagraph 3 – Host to Contractor | | | |

|1 | | | | |

| |(i) Informed contractor of permit spaces and of need to comply with | | | |

| |permit program? | | | |

|2 |(ii) Apprise contractor of hazards and host’s experience with space? | | | |

| |(iii) Apprise contractor of implemented precautions or procedures in or | | | |

|3 |near space? | | | |

| |(iv) Debrief contractor of at conclusion of entry regarding hazards | | | |

|4 |confronted or created? | | | |

| |Section C Subparagraph 9 – Contractor(s) to Host | | | |

|5 | | | | |

| |(i) Obtain information regarding permit space hazards from host? | | | |

| |(ii) Coordinate entry with host when host and contractor personnel | | | |

|6 |working in or near permit space, as required by paragraph (d)(11)? | | | |

| |(iii) Inform host of permit space program to be followed, and debrief | | | |

|7 |regarding any hazards confronted or created? | | | |

[Reserved for the following MIOSHA CET Publications]

| | Permit Required Confined Space |  |

| |General Compliance Checklist For MIOSHA Permit Required Confined Space Entry |5310 |

| |Alternate Entry Procedure (C)(5) Action Agenda For MIOSHA Permit Required Confined Space Entry |5320 |

| |Guidelines for a Permit Required Confined Space Entry Written Program |5330 |

| |Rescue Service Decision Logic For MIOSHA Permit Required Confined Spaces |5380 |

| |Rescue Service Requirements For MIOSHA Permit Required Confined Spaces |5381 |

Duties Of...

Entry Supervisor

Attendant

Authorized Entrant

[Reserved for the "Permit Required Confined Space: Duties of Supervisor, Attendant and Authorized Entrant" PowerPoint slide presentation]

Help On The

Internet

 Internet Sites of Interest

The federal OSHA (and MIOSHA) Permit-Required Confined Space Standard – 29 CFR 1910.146:





29 CFR Part 1915, Subpart B, Confined and Enclosed Spaces and Other Dangerous Atmospheres in Shipyard Employment. CPL 02-01-042, (2005, September 7):



MIOSHA’s Website:



Michigan State University’s Confined Space Entry Program:



Miscellaneous Confined Space Entry Web Site Links:



Virginia Tech’s Confined Space Entry Program Environmental Health and Safety Service:



Vermont SIRI- Safety Information on the Internet (A great site for finding MSDSs!)



Confined Spaces - Source USDOL website:



Compliance

• The OSHA Unified Agenda (1997, October 29) has identified Confined Space standards for additional rulemaking.

(Confined Spaces for Construction (Part 1926) (Construction: Preventing Suffocation/Explosions in Confined Spaces), 1 page.

(Permit Required Confined Spaces (General Industry: Preventing Suffocation/Explosions in Confined Spaces), 1 page.

OSHA Standards

General Industry



Construction



Maritime



[Reserved for "OSHA Hazard Information Bulletin Asphyxiation Hazard in Pits: Potential Confined Apace Problem" June 13, 1996]

Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs

Michigan Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Consultation Education & Training Division

525 W. Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643

Lansing, Michigan 48909-8143

For further information or to request consultation, education and training services

call (517) 284-7720

or

visit our website at miosha

lara

LARA is an equal opportunity employer/program.  Auxiliary aids, services and

other reasonable accommodations are available upon request to individuals with disabilities.

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SP #28 (Revised 04/04)

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