Lipid Biosynthesis - Western Oregon University

[Pages:15]Lipid Biosynthesis

? Fatty acid synthesis ? Saturated fatty acids ? Regulation ? Elongation ? Unsaturation

Fatty acid nomenclature

Comparison of synthesis and degradation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

? Occurs mainly in liver and adipocytes (mammals) ? FA synthesis and degradation occur by two

completely separate pathways ? When glucose is plentiful, large amounts of acetyl

CoA are produced by glycolysis and can be used for fatty acid synthesis ? Glucose oxidation in the pentose phosphate pathway provides NADPH for FA synthesis

Transfer of Acetyl CoA

? Acetyl CoA from catabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids is exported from mitochondria via the citrate transport system (Fig 16.15, next slide)

? Cytosolic NADH also converted to NADPH ? Two molecules of ATP are expended for each round of this cyclic pathway ? One molecule of NADPH is produced for each acetyl CoA ? Transferred from the mitochondria. Produce 8 NADPH for one Palmitate

produced.

Formation of Malonyl CoA

? Acetyl Co A carboxylase ? Biotin containing enzyme ? Carboxybiotin intermediate is formed ? Hydrolysis of ATP catalyzes the reaction ? Regulatory site for Fatty acid biosynthesis

Intermediates attached to Acyl carrier protein

? Phosphopantetheine group in ACP and coenzyme A

Biosynthesis of Fatty acid

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