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MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS3.1 INTRODUCTIONManagement consists of the functions given below. It is based on Henri Fayol's thinkingon the functions of management.1. Planning2. Organizing3. Staffing4. Directing5. Controlling3.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT3.2.1 PlanningIt is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course ofaction & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievementof pre-determined goals. It bridges the gap from where we are and where we wantto be. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving anddecision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desiredgoals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways and means foraccomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure properutilization of human and non-human resources.3.2.2 OrganizingIt is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources anddeveloping productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizationalgoals. According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it witheverything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”.To organize a business involves determining and providing human and non-humanresources to the organizational structure. Organizing as a process involves:? Identification of activities.? Classification of grouping of activities.? Assignment of duties.? Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.? Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.3.2.3 StaffingIt is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned.Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement oftechnology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The mainpurpose o staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holesand round pegs in round holes. Staffing involves:FCE 372 – ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT I OSN - Lecture NotesUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI Page 10? Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose theperson and giving the right place).? Recruitment, selection & placement.? Training & development.? Remuneration.? Performance appraisal.? Promotions & transfer.3.2.4 DirectingIt is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods towork efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered lifesparkof the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning,organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction isthat inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing,guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizationalgoals. Direction has following elements:? Supervision? Motivation? Leadership? CommunicationSupervision- implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors. It isthe act of watching & directing work & workers.Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with zealto work. Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary incentives may be used for thispurpose.Leadership- may be defined as a process by which manager guides and influencesthe work of subordinates in desired munications- is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etcfrom one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding.3.2.5 ControllingIt implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction ofdeviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose ofcontrolling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. Anefficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur.Therefore controlling has following steps:? Establishment of standard performance.? Measurement of actual performance.? Comparison of actual performance with the standards and finding out deviation ifany.? Corrective action. ................
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