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NHP Ingredients Database
Stage I User Guide
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Table of Contents
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1. introduction 3
1.1 How to Use This Guide 3
1.2 Conventions Used in This Guide 3
2. About the Database 3
2.1 Ingredient Roles 3
2.1.1 Medicinal Ingredients 3
2.1.2 Non-medicinal Ingredients 4
2.2 Exclusions 4
2.3 Stakeholders 4
3. Ingredient search 5
3.1 To Perform a Search 5
3.2 Search Tips 6
3.2.1 Unsuccessful Searches 6
3.2.2 Spelling 6
3.2.3 Using Quotation Marks 6
3.2.4 Wildcard Characters 6
3.3 Viewing Ingredient Information 7
4. naming conventions 10
4.1 Citations or References 10
4.2 Chemical Substances 11
4.2.1 Guidelines Chemical Substances Information 12
4.2.2 Guidelines for Herbal Component Information 13
4.3 Defined Organism Substances 16
4.3.1 Guidelines for Herbal Naming 16
4.3.2 Biological substances 19
4.3.3 Organism Group 20
4.3.4 Common names, synonyms, and taxon synonyms 20
4.3.5 Organism Part List 20
4.3.6 Organism Preparation 23
4.3.7 Organism Type List 25
5. ingredient rules 26
5.1 Toxicity Restrictions 26
5.2 Non-medicinal Restrictions 26
5.2.1 Non-medicinal Purposes 27
5.3 Medicinal Restrictions 29
5.4 Sub-ingredients 30
6. standards (dosage form, routes of administration, Units, nmi purposes) 32
7. future directions 34
Appendix I – Code Tables 35
1. Dosage Forms 35
2. Routes of Administration 46
3. Units 47
4. Non-medicinal Ingredient Purposes 52
5. Organism Part List 56
6. Organism Preparation 72
7. Organism Type List 81
1. introduction
THIS GUIDE WAS DEVELOPED TO ASSIST USERS IN SEARCHING FOR INGREDIENT INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCTS (NHP) INGREDIENTS DATABASE. IT PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE DATABASE SEARCH FUNCTION, DESCRIBES THE FEATURES THAT MAY ENHANCE YOUR RESEARCH AND EXPLAINS HOW TO NAVIGATE AND VIEW THE INGREDIENT INFORMATION. THE GUIDE ALSO PROVIDES A FULL EXPLANATION OF NAMING STANDARDS FOR DEFINED SUBSTANCES AND RULES REQUIRED FOR APPLICATION VALIDATION.
1. How to Use This Guide
Click on the links above to display more information on the topic. Underlined blue text (like this) within this guide provides a link to more information associated with the topic. Move the mouse pointer over the link until the pointer changes from an arrow to a hand and then click once on the link to display the information associated with the topic.
2. Conventions Used in This Guide
The following conventions are used throughout this guide:
• Button names appear in bold. For example, click the Search button.
• Italics are used to identify text fields. For example, the Search field.
• Search terms are separated by quotation marks. For example, “potassium”.
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2. About the Database
THE NHP INGREDIENTS DATABASE PROVIDES USERS WITH AN EASY WAY TO SEARCH FOR MEDICINAL AND NON-MEDICINAL INGREDIENT INFORMATION APPROVED BY THE NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCTS DIRECTORATE (NHPD) IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE PREPARATION OF LICENSE APPLICATIONS. THE DATA PROVIDED IN THE DATABASE IS COLLECTED AND CONSTANTLY BEING REVISED AND UPDATED BASED ON NEW SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION APPROVED BY NHPD. IT IS THEN ORGANIZED INTO A DATABASE SUMMARIZING, IN MONOGRAPH FORMAT, APPROVED INGREDIENT INFORMATION.
1. Ingredient Roles
1. Medicinal Ingredients
A medicinal ingredient is any substance that contributes to the pharmacological activity associated with the recommended use of the product. These substances include plants, plant materials, algae, bacteria, fungi, non-human animal materials, extracts, isolates, vitamins, amino acids, essential fatty acids, synthetic duplicates, minerals and probiotics, as described in Schedule 1 of the Natural Health Products Regulations. A natural health product ingredient must not, under the Food and Drug Regulations, be pursuant to a prescription when it is sold other than in accordance with section C.01.043 of those Regulations (i.e. no Schedule F substances unless it is homeopathic medicine), as per Section 2(2) of the Natural Health Product Regulations.
2. Non-medicinal Ingredients
A non-medicinal ingredient is any substance such as a binder, colouring agent or flavour added to an NHP that is necessary for the formulation of the dosage. Non-medicinal ingredients should not exhibit any pharmacological effects of their own, and, where applicable, should not exceed the maximum concentration allowed.
As per section 5 of the Natural Health Products Regulations, the proper name and common name of all medicinal ingredients as well as the common name and purpose of all non-medicinal ingredients must be provided on the Product Licence Application. The NHP Ingredients Database includes non-medicinal ingredients that are generally regarded to be of minimal toxicological concern. Where appropriate, certain limitations regarding quantity, dosage form and route of administration are listed. A list of acceptable non-medicinal ingredient purposes can be found in the Product Licensing Guidance Document.
For any non-medicinal ingredient not contained in the Ingredients Database or used outside of the stated limitations, NHPD may require safety assessment as per section 7d of the Natural Health Product Regulations. If there is a particular safety concern with a non-medicinal ingredient, the NHPD may request additional information. The applicant should provide information supporting its non-medicinal use for all proposed non-medicinal ingredients when submitting an application for a product license.
2. Exclusions
The database excludes approved ingredient information relating to:
• Product names
• Health claims
• Risk information
• Homeopathic ingredients (will be available in a subsequent release)
3. Stakeholders
NHPD internal and external stakeholders might include:
• Applicants who will view ingredient information while preparing an application for submission to the NHPD.
• Scientists and researchers
• General public
• Internal users who will maintain the ingredients database and support validation of incoming product applications against the ingredients database (Assessment Officers, Assessment Unit Heads, Assessment Managers, Submission Management Division, NHPD Management).
3. Ingredient search
THE MAJOR FUNCTIONALITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE STAGE 1 NHP INGREDIENTS DATABASE IS THE SEARCHING CAPABILITY. THE DATABASE SUPPORTS SEVERAL TYPES OF SEARCHES FOR INGREDIENT INFORMATION. CURRENTLY THE FOLLOWING SEARCH TYPES ARE AVAILABLE:
• Approved ingredient name
• Common names (synonyms of approved ingredient names)
• Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers
• Approved Latin binomials
• Taxons (synonyms of approved Latin binomials)
1. To Perform a Search
1. Enter the following URL in the address field of your internet browser: .
2. From the main page, enter the search query in the Name field. You can use Wildcards or other Search Tips to assist you in your search. Please see the following section for a complete description of the features that can enhance your research.
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3. Click the arrow button next to the Usage field to select the type of ingredient from the drop-down menu. The options are Medicinal, Non-Medicinal or All.
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4. Click on the Search button to display the search results.
5. If unsuccessful, try synonyms, alternate spellings, wildcards or other combinations of keywords.
|Note: |
|The search feature is not case sensitive. Using all upper case letters, all lower case or mixed case will provide the same |
|results. |
|Multiple words must be separated by a space. |
|You are not required to enter accented characters. |
2. Search Tips
1. Unsuccessful Searches
The most common reasons for unsuccessful searches are:
• Spelling errors
• Entering a brand name instead of an ingredient name
• Ingredient name not contained in database.
2. Spelling
In some cases, there may be differences between the Canadian, American and British spelling of ingredient names. While an attempt has been made to capture as many variations possible, you may need to try an alternative spelling in these cases.
3. Using Quotation Marks
Use quotation marks (double or single) to enclose keywords and restrict your query. For example, if you enter "green tea leaves" the search will return ingredient names with this entire phrase in that exact order, and not with only the words “green tea” or the word “tea”.
4. Wildcard Characters
Wildcards are special characters that represent zero or more letters in your search criteria. Use them alone or in combination to find variations on a word.
|Character |Description |
|Asterisk (*) |Insert an asterisk (*) to represent zero or more continuous characters in a word. |
| |If you are looking for “potassium” and you know it starts with "pota" but you cannot remember the rest |
| |of the spelling, enter “pota*”. |
| |If you enter “*Carbonate”, the search will retrieve all ingredient names containing “Carbonate” such as|
| |Ammonium Carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, etc. |
| | |
| |Please note that there is an implied asterisk (*) before and after every word that you enter. For |
| |example, if you enter “Carbonate”, the search will retrieve all ingredient names containing Carbonate. |
|Percentage symbol (%) |The percentage symbol (%) can also be used to represent zero or more continuous characters in a word. |
| |Potas% is equivalent to Potas*. |
|Underscore(_) |Insert an underscore (_) to replace one and only one character. |
| |Eg.: all_cin |
3. Viewing Ingredient Information
1. All ingredient names matching a query’s search criteria, along with their associated common names are displayed in the search results page in alphabetical order.
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2. Clicking on the hyperlinked ingredient names will display the relevant ingredient information such as purposes, restrictions, references, etc. in a monograph format.
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3. Additional information can be obtained by clicking on the links. For example, clicking the ‘MI’ link will display reference details.
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4. naming conventions
NAMING CONVENTIONS FOR DEFINED SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN ADAPTED FROM THE AUSTRALIAN THERAPEUTIC GOODS ADMINISTRATION − APPROVED TERMINOLOGY OF MEDICINES. THE AUSTRALIAN APPROVED TERMINOLOGY HAS BEEN ADOPTED BY THE NHP INGREDIENTS DATABASE AS THERE DOES NOT EXIST A SINGLE INTERNATIONALLY AGREED LIST OR PRIMARY REFERENCE WHICH COVERS COMPREHENSIVELY ALL SUBSTANCES OR TERMS USED, OR LIKELY TO BE USED, IN NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCTS IN CANADA.
Consistency in naming assists the retrieval of information from the NHP Ingredients Database and will allow for the efficient handling of approved ingredient information for non-medicinal ingredients, classified medicinal ingredients and evidence to support safety and efficacy, and quality testing requirements by NHPD.
Approved names should be used when submitting applications for product licensing to the NHPD as well as in product information, consumer information and other promotional literature where use of approved terminology may be used.
To understand conventions used in assigning authorized names to the ingredients, and abbreviations presented in the database, users are encouraged to review the Therapeutic Goods Administration − Approved Terminology for Medicines available at .
1. Citations or References
It is important to understand that the citation, or an authority or reference for a name in the database does NOT imply that the standard specified by that authority is applicable to the substance used in a particular natural health product. Where the reference is not an official standard for the substance, the quality of the substance should be consistent with the requirements outlined in the Evidence for Quality in Natural Health Products guidance document based on its intended use and not necessarily that stated or implied by the reference.
2. Chemical Substances
A chemical substance is a purified constituent of a defined molecular structure which can be isolated from a plant or a plant material, an alga, a bacterium, a fungus or a non-human animal material; may be chemically synthesized; and may be medicinal and/or non-medicinal (e.g. menthol, camphor, caffeine).
The data for a chemical substance is represented by category, common names, CAS #, reference, etc. The approved name together with the reference will define the molecular species in the case of a single substance; the composition of the substance in the case of a mixture; or the characteristics of a variable material.
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1. Guidelines Chemical Substances Information
The following table provides an explanation of how chemical substance information is organized and presented in the NHP Ingredients Database.
|Chemical Substance Information |Description |
|Name |Approved names refer to well-characterized chemical substance names. |
|Category |The category that the ingredient name belongs to − in this case Approved Name (for |
| |chemicals). |
|Common Names |All other names for the chemical substances are displayed. Clicking on their hyperlink |
| |will display the reference or authority which defines the chemical substance name (e.g. |
| |Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives), CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry, and |
| |Fragrance Association), MI (Merck Index), USP (United States Pharmacopoeia), BP (British|
| |Pharmacopoeia), EP (European Pharmacopoeia), IUPAC (International Union of Pure and |
| |Applied Chemistry)). |
|CAS Numbers |The CAS number is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to identify a specific |
| |chemical substance. Clicking on the CAS number will display its reference. A chemical |
| |name may have more than one CAS number, however only the primary CAS number, which is |
| |displayed first, is associated to the reference CAS. All other CAS numbers are |
| |associated to other references. |
|Reference |Name reference codes have been included for each chemical substance to indicate the |
| |reference or authority which defines the chemical substance name. Only the more commonly|
| |used references are shown. |
| |The reference code 'NHPD' refers to NHPD references. For more information about NHPD |
| |references, please contact NHPD. |
2. Guidelines for Herbal Component Information
Herbal component names (HCN) are chemical compounds or groups of chemical compounds which are components of plant and plant materials. In some instances, herbal components may serve as either medicinal or non-medicinal ingredients. An HCN may be used as a marker/active constituent of a standardized herbal ingredient or in claims which concern the strength or concentration of the component in an herbal ingredient.
Since all herbal components are chemicals in nature, naming herbal components follows the convention of naming general chemicals. Furthermore, HCNs may be grouped into the five following chemical classes: carbohydrates and lipids, nitrogen-containing compounds, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids. Each class is further divided into several subclasses.
The following are examples of HCNs:
Single:
Amygdalin
Capsaicin
Groups:
Alkaloids calculated as hyoscyamine
Cascarosides calculated as cascaroside A
An herbal component can be contained in various herbal substances and the relative quantities may vary. In order to supply NHPD staff and NHP applicants with reference, the NHP Ingredients Database provides sub-ingredient equivalent data for all HCNs listed in the database (see Section 5.4).
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The following table provides an explanation of how herbal component information is organized and presented.
|Herbal Component Information |Description |
|Name |Approved name for a component of an herbal ingredient. |
|Category |The category that the ingredient name belongs to − in this case Herbal Component Name. |
|Common Names |Other names for the component. |
|Cardinality |Belonging to a single chemical or a group of chemicals. |
|Chemical Class |One of five chemical classes: carbohydrates and lipids, nitrogen-containing compounds, |
| |alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids. |
|Chemical Subclass |One of the subordinate chemical groups of chemical classes. |
|CAS Numbers |The CAS number is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to identify a specific |
| |chemical substance. Clicking on the CAS number will display its reference. A chemical |
| |name may have more than one CAS number, however only the primary CAS number, which is |
| |displayed first, is associated to the reference CAS. All other CAS numbers are |
| |associated to other references. |
|Reference |Name reference codes have been included for each chemical substance to indicate the |
| |reference or authority which defines the chemical substance name. Only the more commonly|
| |used references are shown. |
| |The reference code 'NHPD' refers to NHPD references. For more information about NHPD |
| |references, please contact NHPD. |
3. Defined Organism Substances
The naming standard for ingredients of natural origin (i.e. a plant or a plant material, an alga, a bacterium, a fungus or a non-human animal material, an extract of the preceding or a probiotic) defines three types of organism names for organism substances: approved scientific names for an organism (i.e. Latin binomials), approved names for pre-defined organism substances, and custom organism substances. Organism substances can belong to either herbal substances (Approved Herbal Name (AHN), Approved Herbal Substance (AHS), Approved Food Name (AFN)) or biological substances (Approved Biological Name (ABN), Approved Biological Substance (ABS)). Herbal substances are preparations of plants, and other organisms that are treated as plants in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, such as fungi and blue-green algae. Biological substances are substances of biological origin that are not antibiotics and that are not derived from plants, including bacterium, animal, non-human animal part.
1. Guidelines for Herbal Naming
1. Approved Herbal Name
An approved herbal name (AHN) is an NHPD approved name for a plant (or fungus or blue algae). It must be a scientific name (binomial Latin name) supported by an NHPD authorized reference. The primary NHPD authorized references for plant scientific names are GRIN (Germplasm Resources Information Network) and ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System; Species 2000 and ITIS "Catalogue of Life").
An AHN consists of a genus name, species descriptor, and any subordinate taxon names such as subspecies, variety, and form. Please note that there may be more than one binomial name (synonyms, spelling variants) for one species. Only those with authorized references are included in the database (approved herbal name and taxon synonyms). If an AHN search is unsuccessful, please try different binomial names or spellings. Some example AHNs are as follows:
Coffea arabica
Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen
Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. reticulats
2. Predefined herbal substances
Predefined herbal substances are herbal substances which are commonly used as medicinal or non-medicinal ingredients. There are two categories of predefined herbal substances: approved herbal substance names (AHS) and approved food names (AFN). AHS and AFN are official NHPD approved ingredient names.
An AHS or AFN must be in English, French, or Latin. If an AHN or AFN originates from another language, it should be translated properly to English or French either by meaning or pronunciation. An AHS or AFN must be supported by at least one authorized reference.
There must be at least one parent organism name (AHN) for every AHS or AFN. Information for source organism parts and preparations for AHS and AFN is also included. An organism part is represented by a predefined organism part code (see Appendix I, Section 5) and a preparation is represented by a predefined organism preparation code (see Appendix I, Section 6). Some example AHS and AFN are as follows:
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|Name |AHS/AFN |Parent AHN |Organism Parts |Organism Preparation |
|Bayberry Bark Powder |AHS |Morella cerifera |Root bark |Powder |
|Radix Isatidis |AHS |Isatis tinctoria |Root |Dry |
|Carob bean gum |AFN |Ceratonia siliqua |Gum |Extract soft |
3. Custom herbal substances
Custom herbal substances are herbal medicinal or non-medicinal ingredients which are not commonly used and therefore cannot be readily found in an authorized reference. Therefore, it is not possible to predefine and name those ingredients which are not part of the Stage 1 NHP Ingredients Database release.
Naming a custom herbal substance must follow the rules outlined below.
A herbal substance consists of three parts: AHN, organism part name, and organism preparation name, where organism part name and organism preparation name is one of NHPD approved organism part names and one of NHPD approved organism preparation names, respectively.
The following illustrates the composition of a custom herbal substance:
"Thymus serpyllum" + "herb" + "dry" = “Thymus serpyllum herb dry"
2. Biological substances
1. Approved biological name
Approved biological names (ABN) are the scientific names (binomial or trinomial Latin names) of organisms other than plants (non-human animals mostly). Like an AHN, an ABN consists of three parts: genus name, species descriptor, and any subordinate taxon names. Trinomial Latin names are also acceptable. An NHPD approved biological name must be supported by at least one authorized reference. The major NHPD authorized reference for approved biological names is ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System; Species 2000 and ITIS “Catalogue of Life"). Like searching an approved herbal name, taxon synonyms and spelling variants should be taken into consideration when searching an approved biological name. Example approved biological names are as follows:
Bos Taurus
Gekko gecko
Bufo bufo
Clupea harengus harengus
2. Predefined biological substances
Predefined biological substances are biological substances which are commonly used as medicinal or non-medicinal ingredients, and are defined as approved biological substances (ABS). Like AHS, an ABS is a substance name in English, French, or Latin that is supported by at least one authorized reference, and has at least one parent ABN. ABS can be used as an NHPD approved ingredient name. Some ABS examples are as follows:
Royal jelly
Bombyx Batryticatus
Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum
Fish oil
3. Custom biological substances
Like custom herbal substances, custom biological substances are those biological substances which are not commonly used and are not part of the NHP Ingredients Database.
Naming a custom biological substance is similar to naming a custom herbal substance, i.e. approved organism name + organism part name + organism preparation name.
3. Organism Group
The sources of some ingredients, especially organism substances, are a group of organisms whose entire members are difficult to define. An approved group name should be created to deal with such situations. An organism group consists of an approved name, an included member list, and a possible excluded member list. The members can be a family name, genus name, species, or any subordinate taxon names. Names of all members must be supported by one authorized reference. The following provides an example of an organism group.
|Group Name |Included List |Excluded List |
|Fish oil fish* |Engraulidae[family]; Carangidae[family]; Osmeridae[family]; Ammodytidae[family]; | |
| |Clupeidae[family]; Scrombroidae[family]; Salmonidae[family] | |
* The group name can be the source of several related substances including Fish oil.
4. Common names, synonyms, and taxon synonyms
Common names are organism names in plain English or French. Synonyms are organism substance names in English or French. Taxon synonyms are additional scientific names to the primary scientific name (AHN or ABN) of an organism. Although all common names, synonyms, and taxon synonyms used in the NHP Ingredients Database are supported by authorized references, they cannot be used as NHPD approved ingredient names. They are, however, useful for searching the database.
5. Organism Part List
The organism part list defines NHPD authorized organism part names and codes. Where an organism part is required, only the NHPD authorized organism part name should be used. In the case where no proper part names can be found in the list, or an existing name needs to be modified, suggestions should be directed to NHPD IIMU for additions and modifications. Please refer to Appendix I, Section 5 for all coded organism parts.
1. Herbal/Plant Part List
Plant parts must be botanically correct terms and also, where possible, generally recognized terms. For one botanical structure, only one authorized name is used. Other names are considered as synonyms. The following provides definitions for NHPD authorized plant part names (adopted from Approved Terminology for Medicines, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australia, 1999).
“Flower” refers both to flowers alone and to whole inflorescences, including branching flower stalks.
Where present, leafy bracts may be included.
Where leaves and stems are also included, use “herb flowering” or “herb top flowering.”
“Fruit” refers to the seed bearing structure of flowering plants including all types of simple, aggregate and multiple (compound) fruits. “Fruit” includes the seeds, all the surrounding tissue layers, any persistent bracts, the individual fruit stalk and may include any branching fruit stalks.
Where leaves and stems are also included, use “herb fruiting” or “herb top fruiting”.
Some fruits, which contain very little tissue other than the seeds, are described in some pharmacopoeias as a fruit and in others as seeds, eg. the two-seeded schizocarp of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family, which includes celery, parsley, carrot, coriander, cumin, anise and fennel, single-seeded caryopsis, eg. Graminae (Poaceae) grass family - wheat, rice, oats, corn, and four-seeded carcerulus schizocarps, etc, and should be named following the rules as below.
(1) dry splitting two-seeded cremocarp schizocarps of Umbellifera/Apiaceae family including species of Aegopodium (goatweed), Ammi (bisnaga), Anethum (dill), Angelica, Anthriscus (chervil), Apium (celery), Bupleurum, Carum (caraway), Cicuta (cowbane), Conium (hemlock), Coriandrum (coriander), Crithmum (samphire), Cuminum (cumin), Daucus (carrot), Eryngium (eryngo), Ferula (galbanum), Foeniculum (fennel), Heracleum (cow parsnip), Hydrocotyle, Levisticum (lovage), Ligusticum (lovage), Myrrhis (sweet chervil), Oenanthe (dropwort), Petroselinum (parsley), Pimpinella (anise, burnet saxifrage), Sanicula (sanicle) and Zizia (golden Alexanders): either seed or fruit may be used ... both are correct.
(2) dry single-seeded caryopsis of the Graminae/Poaceae grass family including Avena (oats), Oryza (rice), Secale (rye), Triticum (wheat), Zea (corn, maize): seed.
(3) four-seeded carcerulus schizocarps, eg. Labiatae/Lamiaceae family Mentha (mints), Ocimum (basil) etc. and Boraginaceae family eg. Borago (borage) etc: seed.
(4) single-seeded achenes, eg. Ranunculus (buttercup): seed.
(5) cypselas with no pappus, eg. some Compositae/Asteracea: seed.
(6) many-seeded lomentum schizocarps, eg. pea pods that fragment: seed.
Conifers: The seed-bearing body of conifers is termed a “cone”. Where the cone scales are fleshy and join around the seeds, as in the case of Juniperus, use “fruit”.
Fungi: Use “mushroom” to refer to the mushroom-shaped spore-bearing bodies of Basidiomycetes fungi and use “fruiting body” to refer to all other types of sporebearing bodies of fungi.
“Herb” refers to all the aerial parts present at harvesting where only vegetative parts are present and, therefore, the reproductive structures of flowers and fruits are not present.
Where the plant is immature consider “sprout” and “herb young”.
Where flowers are always present and fruits are rarely present use “herb flowering”.
Where fruits are always present and flowers are rarely present use “herb fruiting”.
Where flowers and fruits are always present use “herb flowering fruiting”.
“Herb top” refers to the terminal ends of the branches where only vegetative parts are present at harvesting and, therefore, the reproductive structures of flowers and fruits are not present.
Where the plant is a tree or woody shrub use “leaf & twig”.
Where flowers are always present and fruits are rarely present use “herb top flowering”.
Where fruits are always present and flowers are rarely present use “herb top fruiting”.
Where flowers and fruits are always present use “herb top flowering fruiting”.
“Leaf” refers to the leaf blade, leaf stalk, axillary bud and stipules. In compound leaves the branching stalks between leaflets are included. “Leaf” may also be used to describe the leaf like structures of simple plants such as mosses.
Where stem, branch ends, blowers or fruit are included refer to “herb”, “herb top” and related terms.
Where the leaf has a specialised form, more accurate terms should be used, eg. “clove” and “bulb”.
Seaweeds: Use “thallus blade” in the ARTG applications and “blade” or “frond” on the label.
“Root” refers to all or most of the rooting system such as:
(a) fibrous roots;
(b) tap roots with any lateral roots and nodules.
Where only some of the rooting system is used, consider “root lateral”, “root aerial” and “root nodule”.
Where an underground stem is also used name each part, eg. “root and rhizome”.
“Stem” refers to the central stem(s) and the branches.
Where the stem has a specialised form, more accurate terms should be used, eg. “corm”, “rhizome”, “stolon”, “tuber”.
Where other plant parts are included refer to “herb”, “herb top”, “whole plant” and related terms.
“Whole plant” refers to the entire plant body such as:
(a) aerial and underground plant parts,
(b) fungi: hyphae (mycelium) and fruiting bodies,
(c) seaweeds: entire thallus eg. holdfast, stipe, blades/fronds and reproductive structures.
Where only aerial parts are used refer to “herb”, “herb top” and related terms.
2. Non-herbal Part List
Like the herbal/plant part list, the non-herbal (including animal, bacterium) part list is all NHPD-authorized names for non-herbal organism parts. The list and the definitions for part names can be found in Appendix I, section 6.
6. Organism Preparation
NHPD has defined authorized terms for organism preparations. Only terms in the list should be used. In the case that no proper terms can be found in the list, suggestions shall be directed to NHPD IIMU for additions or modifications.
Definitions for organism preparation terms are adopted from Approved Terminology for Medicines, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australia, 1999 with modifications.
1. Herbal/Plant Preparation
A “decoction” means an aqueous extract obtained by boiling the herbal material, which is usually hard plant parts such as roots, bark and woody fruits, and decanting, straining or filtering to separate the fluid. (Compare with “infusion”.) Ethanol and glycerol are often used as preservatives.
A “dry” preparation means a preparation where the herbal material is dried but not powdered. The material is often cut and crushed, but remains identifiable under close visual inspection.
An “extract” means a preparation containing selected active components of the herbal material obtained by dissolving the components in suitable solvent(s). Extracts are usually concentrated by evaporating some or all of the solvent, with or without subsequent dilution with an inert solid, to achieve the desired concentration; compare with “tincture”.
A “concentrated extract” is prepared from more than 1 part of the dry herbal material for each 1 part of extract, eg. more than 1g of dry herb is used to make each 1mL of liquid extract or each 1g of dry or soft extract.
A “dry extract” is prepared by evaporating a liquid extract to dryness. The dried extract is often adjusted to the desired strength by dilution with an inert diluent such as lactose, starch or, where the dry extractive is deliquescent, the absorbent diluent calcium phosphate.
A “liquid extract” is prepared either (a) by maceration or percolation of the herbal material with suitable solvent(s) and separation of the fluid fraction, often by straining or filtering or (b) by the addition of liquid diluents(s) to a soft or dry extract. In the first case, the liquid extract is usually concentrated to the desired strength by evaporating some of the solvent.
A “soft extract” is prepared by evaporating the solvent from a liquid extract until a soft mass is obtained.
An “infusion” means an aqueous extract obtained by pouring water onto herbal material and allowing it to stand before decanting, straining or filtering. Usually, boiling water is used on herbal material that does not include hard or wood parts and the mixture stands for 10-15 minutes. (Compare with a “decoction”). Ethanol and glycerol are often used as preservatives.
A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high water content, by mechanical methods such as pressing.
An “oil” means a compound substance, which is liquid at 200C, insoluble or only slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents and prepared by pressing, distillation, extraction or other methods as defined under herbal substance.
An “essential oil” is largely or completely composed of volatile oils usually obtained through one or more distillations with steam, water alone or water with alcohol. The essential oils of citrus peels are obtained by pressing. Citrus juice “essence” oils are distilled. Essential oil “absolutes” are prepared through an extraction in a non-polar solvent and a second extraction in alcohol. Volatile herbal oils are a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and oxidation products of hydrocarbons. They gradually evaporate at room temperature and are often aromatic.
A “fixed oil” is non-volatile and is usually prepared from herbal material such as seeds, by pressing or by extraction with a non-polar solvent such as hexane. Fixed oils are composed of lipids or lipid-soluble carbohydrates and are prone to becoming rancid on oxidation.
An “infused oil” is initially absorbed from the herbal material, such as petals, into an oil or fat base, then recovered through successive extractions in alcohol to obtain a complex mixture including oils, resins and oleoresins. Several methods may be employed, including infusion into thin layers of oil to obtain a pomade (enfleurage), infusion into volatile oil carried in a current of warm air (pneumatic) and digestion in melted fat.
A “powder” means a preparation where the herbal material is dried and ground to a powder. Seed flour is a powder. No plant fragments remain identifiable by visual inspection.
A “spagyric” means a combination of preparations made from the same herbal material,
Where the preparations are usually two or more of the following:
a. essential oil
b. tincture, extract or distillate of an extract or tincture
c. spagyric ash
A “spagyric ash” means the ash obtained from combustion of a herbal residue following removal of active components through processes such as extraction and distillation. The whole ash or the water-soluble fraction of the ash is then combined with the products from each stage of preparation.
A “tincture” means an alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic liquid, containing selected active components of herbal material, and obtained by percolation or maceration of the herbal material in alcohol or a water-alcohol mixture. Usually 1 part of the dry herbal material is used to make 4 or more parts of the tincture. Tinctures are sometimes obtained by dilution of a liquid, soft or dry extract. In contrast, “extracts” are more concentrated and “infusions” and “decoctions” are extracted in water.
2. Non-herbal Preparation
|Preparation |Description |
|Inactivated |Biological activity of the preparation has been destroyed. |
|Killed |Preparation is unable to replicate. |
|Live |Preparation is able to replicate. |
|Attenuated |Preparation is not pathogenic. |
|Powder |Preparation is dry and consists of fine particles. |
|Extract |Preparation consists of one or more components taken from the substance and part. |
7. Organism Type List
Organism types are NHPD authorized terms for organism group types, such as plant, fungi, algae, and different animal types. Please refer to Appendix I, section 7 for all NHPD authorized organism types and their codes.
5. ingredient rules
ONE OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE NHP INGREDIENTS DATABASE IS TO INTERFACE WITH THE NHP ON-LINE SYSTEM IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO AUTOMATICALLY AND COMPLETELY VALIDATE NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCT APPLICATIONS BY PROVIDING A REPOSITORY OF APPROVED MEDICINAL AND NON-MEDICINAL INGREDIENTS AND ASSOCIATED VALIDATION RULES. APPLICATIONS ARE VALIDATED AGAINST A SET OF RULES WHICH DERIVE FROM LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS, MONOGRAPHS AND OTHER SOURCES SUCH AS APPROVED CONTROLLED VOCABULARY LISTS. APPLICATIONS WILL BE MATCHED AGAINST RULES TO DETERMINE WHICH RULES APPLY AND THEN ACCEPTED OR REJECTED ACCORDING TO THE RULE RESULTS. MANY OF THESE RULES ARE STORED IN STAGE 1 OF THE NHP INGREDIENTS DATABASE AND ARE DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION OR WILL BE AVAILABLE IN FUTURE RELEASES.
There are a number of different rule types necessary for validation checking and application entry. Some of the tables are required solely for validation checking, while others are needed simply to assist the various users or determine screen flow.
The rules in this section which are stored in Stage 1 of the NHP Ingredients Database describe ingredient information required for validating applications and/or controlling application entry. The rules described are toxicity restrictions, medicinal rules, non-medicinal rules and sub-ingredient rules.
1. Toxicity Restrictions
Toxicity restrictions are restrictions which are inherent as part of an ingredient (i.e. safety limits). These restrictions are given in terms of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). ADI is an estimate of the amount of a substance, expressed on a body-weight basis that can be ingested daily without appreciable risk. The safety limit or ADI is listed in units of mg per kg of body weight/day.
2. Non-medicinal Restrictions
Section 2.1.2 defines a non-medicinal ingredient. For some ingredients, the limitations are listed based on the quantity, route of administration and dosage form. In NHPD applications, some ingredients can be both medicinal and non-medicinal. For these ingredients, it is important to capture the limitations which define these levels for various product types. Each ingredient is characterized by a specific proper name, which has been captured from NHPD or TPD Category IV (CAT IV) monographs. The restriction description along with the upper limit, has been provided for some ingredients. The restriction description is provided in terms of daily acceptable intake, or preparation.
1. Non-medicinal Purposes
Appropriate purposes for each NMI have also been provided. Appendix 7 of the Product Licensing Guidance Document provides a list of acceptable NMI purposes. Appropriate purpose codes (Appendix I, Section 4) are available by clicking on the purpose.
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3. Medicinal Restrictions
Section 2.1.1 defines a natural health product medicinal ingredient. Based on this definition some natural health product ingredients could be classified as drugs under Schedule F. These restriction levels are captured for these ingredients.
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A scientific rationale has also been provided for each medicinal ingredient derived from scientific classification decisions made by Health Canada.
4. Sub-ingredients
Sub-ingredient rules are an important part of the NHP Ingredients Database. An ingredient is sometimes equivalent to certain amounts of ingredients or made up of certain components which are known as sub-ingredients in the database. Sub-ingredients are accompanied by the parent compound (chemical substance or an organism). The quantity of the sub-ingredient in the parent compound of a chemical is given in percentage (%).
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The quantity of sub-ingredient in a specific part of a parent organism name is given in mg/g.
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The dataset contains the parent organism name, part name, and lower and upper content limits qualified by an authorized reference from where the information was found. Two primary references used for the dataset are Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases () and Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. The latter is also used to assign HCN chemical classes and subclasses.
6. standards (dosage form, routes of administration, Units, nmi purposes)
IN ORDER TO PROVIDE CONSISTENT INFORMATION ON THE MEDICINAL AND NON-MEDICINAL USAGE OF INGREDIENTS, THE NHP INGREDIENTS DATABASE ACCESSES A NUMBER OF CODE TABLES FOR REPRESENTING DOSAGE FORMS, ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION, UNITS, AND NON-MEDICINAL INGREDIENT PURPOSES. THE DOSAGE FORMS, ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION AND UNIT TABLES ARE BASED ON DATA ELEMENTS AND STANDARDS PROVIDED BY ICH-M5 (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION) AND ARE SUPPLEMENTED BY ADDITIONAL CODES USED BY NHPD IN ITS PRODUCT LICENSE APPLICATIONS.
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Whenever code table information is present in the NHP Ingredients Database, clicking its hyperlink will display the code itself, the name to which it corresponds along with its description. Complete lists of dosage forms, routes of administration, units and non-medicinal ingredient purpose codes are provided in Appendix A.
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7. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
IN THIS FIRST STAGE OF THE RELEASE OF THE NHP INGREDIENTS DATABASE, USERS ARE ABLE TO VIEW MEDICINAL AND NON-MEDICINAL INGREDIENTS APPROVED BY NHPD ALONG WITH RELEVANT INFORMATION SUCH AS RESTRICTIONS. IN THE NEAR FUTURE, USERS WILL BE ABLE TO GENERATE FINISHED PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS BASED ON PRODUCT FORMULATION DETAILS SUCH AS INGREDIENT NAMES, INGREDIENT QUANTITIES, FINAL PRODUCT DOSAGE FORM, PRODUCT ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER RELEVANT PARAMETERS.
NHPD is also preparing the NHP On-line System allowing natural health product applications to be securely submitted through the Internet. The list of acceptable medicinal and non-medicinal ingredients in the NHP Ingredients Database along with the ingredient rules will be available for data selection and data validation in the on-line solution. Furthermore, finished product specifications generation rules along with NHPD monograph rules will also tie into the on-line system.
Future releases of the NHP Ingredients Database will see a listing of homeopathic ingredients as well as other additional features.
Appendix I – Code Tables
1. DOSAGE FORMS
The dosage form is the final physical form of the natural health product used by the consumer. The following lists the dosage forms used by NHPD.
|Code |Description |Synonym |Comment |
|APPLIC |Application | |A liquid or semi-liquid preparation containing one or more|
| | | |active ingredients intended for application to the skin. |
|AERO |Aerosol | |A product that is packed under pressure and contains |
| | | |therapeutically active ingredients that are released upon |
| | | |activation of an appropriate vale system. |
|AEROMET |Aerosol, metered dose | |A pressurized dosage form consisting of metered dose |
| | | |valves which allow for the delivery of a uniform quantity |
| | | |of spray upon each activation. |
|AEROS |Aerosol, spray | |An aerosol product which utilizes a compressed gas as the |
| | | |propellant to provide the force. |
|BAR |Bar, soap | |A solid preparation derived from the action of a solution |
| | | |of alkali on fats or oils of animal or vegetable origin |
| | | |and containing one or more active ingredients in bar form.|
|BARCH |Bar, chewable | |A solid dosage form that contains medicinal agents usually|
| | | |in the form of a rectangle from which a segment can be |
| | | |detached as a dosage unit. It is meant to be chewed. |
|BLOCK |Block | |A solid dosage form (food) usually in the shape of a |
| | | |square or rectangle, serving as a vehicle for one or more |
| | | |active ingredients. |
|CAP |Capsule | |A solid preparation with hard or soft shell, of variable |
| | | |shape and capacity, usually containing a single dose of |
| | | |active ingredient(s) for oral administration. |
|CAPHRD |Capsule, hard | |A capsule with a hard shell consisting of two |
| | | |prefabricated cylindrical sections one of which fits over |
| | | |the other. The active ingredients are usually in solid |
| | | |form. |
|CAPDEL |Capsule, delayed release| |A solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed within |
| | | |either a hard or soft soluble container made from a |
| | | |suitable form of gelatin, and which releases a drug (or |
| | | |drugs) at a time other than promptly after administration.|
| | | |Enteric-coated articles are delayed release dosage forms. |
|CAPEX |Capsule, extended | |A solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed within |
| |release | |either a hard or soft soluble container made from a |
| | | |suitable form of gelatin, and which releases a drug (or |
| | | |drugs) in such a manner to allow a reduction in dosing |
| | | |frequency as compared to that drug (or drugs) presented as|
| | | |a conventional dosage form. |
|CAPMR |Capsule, modified | |A capsule in which the rate or place of release of the |
| |release | |active ingredients in the gastrointestinal tract has been |
| | | |modified. |
|CAPLI |Capsule, liquid filled | |A solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed within a|
| | | |soluble, gelatin shell which is plasticized by the |
| | | |addition of a polyol, such as sorbitol or glycerin, and is|
| | | |therefore of a somewhat thicker consistency than that of a|
| | | |hard shell capsule; typically, the active ingredients are |
| | | |dissolved or suspended in a liquid vehicle. |
|CAPGE |Capsule, gelatin coated | |A solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed within |
| | | |either a hard or soft soluble container made from a |
| | | |suitable form of gelatin; through a banding process, the |
| | | |capsule is coated with additional layers of gelatin so as |
| | | |to form a complete seal. |
|CAPSFT |Capsule, soft | |A capsule, the contents of which are liquid or |
| | | |semi-liquid. The shells are usually thicker than those of |
| | | |hard capsules and consist of a single part and are of |
| | | |various shapes. |
|CREAM |Cream | |A homogeneous, viscous or semi-solid preparation, usually |
| | | |an emulsion, consisting of a solution or dispersion of one|
| | | |or more active ingredients in low proportions in a |
| | | |suitable base. This dosage form is generally for external |
| | | |applications to the skin. |
|DENTG |Dentifrice, Gel |Dentrice, paste |A gel formulation that contains medicinal agents intended |
| | | |to clean and polish the teeth. |
|DOUCHE |Douche | |A liquid pharmaceutical form containing medicinal agents |
| | | |dissolved in a suitable solvent or mutually miscible |
| | | |solvents that are prepared from powders, liquid solutions |
| | | |or liquid concentrates. It is intended for the irrigative |
| | | |cleansing of the vagina. |
|DRESS |Dressing | |An external application that contains medicinal agents, |
| | | |resembles an ointment, and is usually used as a covering |
| | | |or protection of a wound. |
|ENEMA |Enema | |A liquid preparation composed of, or containing, one or |
| | | |more active ingredients for therapeutic, diagnostic, or |
| | | |nutritive purposes. |
|ERD |Ear drops | |A suspension, emulsion or solution of one or more active |
| | | |ingredients in a vehicle suitable for instillation into |
| | | |the aural canal. |
|EXT |Extract | |A concentrated preparation of vegetable or animal drugs |
| | | |obtained by removal of the active constituents of the |
| | | |respective drugs with a suitable menstrua, evaporation of |
| | | |all or nearly all of the solvent, and adjustment of the |
| | | |residual masses or powders to the prescribed standards. |
|ELIX |Elixir | |A clear, pleasantly flavoured and sweetened |
| | | |hydro-alcoholic liquid that contains dissolved medicinal |
| | | |agents. It is intended for oral use. |
|EMUL |Emulsion | |A two-phase system that contains medicinal agents, in |
| | | |which one liquid is dispersed through another liquid in |
| | | |the form of small droplets. |
|EYD |Eye drops | |A sterile solution, suspension or emulsion of one or more |
| | | |active ingredients intended for instillation into the |
| | | |conjuctival sac. |
|FLUEX |Fluid Extract | |An alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic preparation providing a |
| | | |dry or fresh herb strength ratio of 1:1. |
|GARG |Gargle | |Gargles are aqueous solutions intended for gargling to |
| | | |obtain a local effect. They are not to be swallowed. They |
| | | |are supplied as ready-to-use solutions or concentrated |
| | | |solutions to be diluted. |
|GEL |Gel | |A semi-solid preparation usually consisting of a solution |
| | | |or dispersion in a suitable base, prepared with the aid of|
| | | |a suitable gelling agent. |
|GELMOD |Gel, modified release | |A gel in which the rate of release of the active |
| | | |ingredient(s) has been modified. |
|GINGIVG |Gingival gel | |Oromucosal preparations are solid, semi-solid or liquid |
| | | |preparations, containing one or more active substances |
| | | |intended for administration to the oral cavity and/or the |
| | | |throat to obtain a local or systemic effect. Preparations |
| | | |intended for a local effect. |
|GINGIVP |Gingival paste | |Oromucosal preparations are solid, semi-solid or liquid |
| | | |preparations, containing one or more active substances |
| | | |intended for administration to the oral cavity and/or the |
| | | |throat to obtain a local or systemic effect. Preparations |
| | | |intended for a local effect. |
|GINGIVS |Gingival solution | |Gingival solutions are intended for administration to the |
| | | |gingivae by means of a suitable applicator. |
|GRN |Granules | |A preparation of one or more active ingredients usually in|
| | | |the form of irregular particles or grains, 2mm to 4mm in |
| | | |diameter. Some granules are intended to be dissolved or |
| | | |dispersed in water before issuing or before taking; others|
| | | |are chewed or placed on the tongue and swallowed with a |
| | | |draught of water. |
|GRNDEL |Granules, delayed | |Granules in which the rate or place of release of active |
| |release | |ingredients in the gastrointestinal tract has been |
| | | |modified. |
|GLOBU |Globules | |A small globular mass made of pure sucrose, lactose or |
| | | |other appropriate polysaccharides that are medicated |
| | | |through a drug attenuation process. |
|GUMCHW |Gum, chewing | |A preparation containing one or more active ingredients in|
| | | |a sweetened and flavoured insolubale gum base of various |
| | | |shapes, to be chewed and subsequently discarded. |
|HERBDR |Herb, dried |Tea, herbal |Dried plant or parts of plants including mixtures of such,|
| | | |used for the extemporaneous preparation of infusions, |
| | | |decoctions or similar preparations for therapeutic use by |
| | | |oral administration. The preparation is prepared |
| | | |immediately before use. |
|INH |Inhalation | |A preparation composed of, or containing, active |
| | | |ingredients which, when vaporised or dispersed in a |
| | | |suitable manner, is intended to be administered into the |
| | | |lungs or into the nasal, paranasal or ethmoid sinuses via |
| | | |the nasal or oral respiratory route. |
|INHCON |Inhalation, conventional| |A preparation composed of, or containing, active |
| | | |ingredient(s) which when vaporised or dispersed in a |
| | | |suitable manner (eg. hand actuated pump, nebuliser, etc.) |
| | | |is intended to release the constituents for inhalation. |
|INHPR |Inhalation, pressurized | |A metered dose preparation usually consisting of a |
| | | |solution, suspension or emulsion of one or more active |
| | | |ingredients held under pressure with a suitable propellant|
| | | |or a suitable mixture of propellants. |
|KIT |Kit | |A packaged collection of related material. |
|LINMT |Liniment | |A liquid or semi-liquid preparation composed of or |
| | | |containing one or more active ingredients intended to be |
| | | |applied to the unbroken skin with friction. |
|LIQ |Liquids | |The state of matter in which a substance exhibits a |
| | | |characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency to|
| | | |disperse, relatively high incompressibility and, whose |
| | | |shape is usually determined by the container it fills. |
| | | |Furthermore, liquids exert pressure on the sides of a |
| | | |container as well as on anything within the liquid itself;|
| | | |this pressure is transmitted undiminished in all |
| | | |directions. Dosage form consists of a pure chemical in its|
| | | |liquid state. |
|LOT |Lotion | |A liquid or semi-liquid preparation composed of or |
| | | |containing one or more active ingredients usually intended|
| | | |to be applied to the unbroken skin without friction. |
|LOZENG |Lozenge | |A solid preparation, containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients, usually in a flavoured base, which is |
| | | |intended to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth. |
|MTHWSH |Mouthwash | |An aqueous solution of one or more active ingredients |
| | | |intended, usually after dilution with warm water, for use |
| | | |in contact with the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, |
| | | |including gargling. Most often used for its deodorant, |
| | | |refreshing, or antiseptic effect. |
|NSD |Nasal drops | |A liquid preparation for instillation into the nostrils by|
| | | |means of a dropper. |
|OINTMT |Ointment | |A semi-solid preparation intended for topical use, usually|
| | | |consisting of a solution or dispersion of one or more |
| | | |active ingredients in low proportions in a suitable base, |
| | | |usually non-aqueous. |
|OIL |Oil | |An unctuous, combustible substance which is liquid, or |
| | | |easily liquefiable, on warming, and is soluble in ether |
| | | |but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on |
| | | |their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or |
| | | |vegetable oils. |
|ORL |Oral liquid | |A preparation usually consisting of a solution, a |
| | | |suspension or an emulsion of one or more active |
| | | |ingredients in a suitable vehicle. They are intended to be|
| | | |swallowed either undiluted or after dilution. |
|ORLEM |Oral liquid, emulsion | |A dispersion of an oily liquid in an aqueous liquid either|
| | | |of which may contain dissolved solids, in which the |
| | | |aqueous liquid forms the continuous phase. Solids may be |
| | | |suspended in the emulsion. |
|ORLPWD |Oral liquid, powder | |One or more active ingredients in a dry form to be |
| | | |reconstituted for use as an oral liquid. |
|ORLSOL |Oral liquid, solution | |A liquid preparation composed of or containing one or more|
| | | |active ingredients dissolved in a suitable vehicle. |
|ORLSUS |Oral liquid, suspension | |A liquid preparation containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients dispersed as solid particles throughout a |
| | | |liquid phase. In addition it may contain other active |
| | | |ingredients which are dissolved. |
|PASTE |Paste |Compact, Foundation |A semi-solid preparation for external application usually |
| | | |containing a high proportion of finely powdered active |
| | | |ingredients mixed with soft or liquid paraffin or with a |
| | | |non-greasy base made with glycerol, mucilage or soap. |
|PASTIL |Pastille | |A solid preparation containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients incorporated in a mass of sweetened gum, |
| | | |glycerol, and gelatin base which is intended to be sucked.|
|PATCH |Patch | |A drug delivery system that often contains an adhesive |
| | | |backing that is usually applied to an external site on the|
| | | |body. Its ingredients either passively diffuse from, or |
| | | |are actively transported from, some portion of the patch. |
| | | |Depending upon the patch, the ingredients are either |
| | | |delivered to the outer surface of the body or into the |
| | | |body. |
|PATCHE |Patch, extended release | |A drug delivery system in the form of a patch that |
| | | |releases the drug in such a manner that a reduction in |
| | | |dosing frequency compared to that drug presented as a |
| | | |conventional dosage form (e.g., a solution or a prompt |
| | | |drug-releasing, conventional solid dosage form). |
|PES |Pessary | |A solid preparation containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients intended for vaginal administration. |
|PILL |Pill | |A spherical or ovoid solid preparation containing a unit |
| | | |dose of one or more active ingredients for oral |
| | | |administration. |
|PLAST |Plaster | |A solid or semi-solid mass supplied on a backing material |
| | | |and intended to provide prolonged contact with the skin. |
| | | |Plasters are intended to afford protection and to support |
| | | |and furnish an occlusion and macerating action and to |
| | | |bring medication into close contact with the skin. |
|POW |Powder |Compact, Concealer, |A mixture of solid, finely divided substances containing |
| | |Foundation |one or more active ingredients intended for internal or |
| | | |external use. |
|POWORL |Powder, oral | |A finely divided powder composed of, or containing one or |
| | | |more active ingredients for oral or nasogastric |
| | | |administration, generally with water. The dose is obtained|
| | | |either by measuring a volume of the powder or from an |
| | | |individual container. |
|POWGEL |Powder for gel | |An intimate mixture of dry, finely divided medicinal |
| | | |agents that upon the addition of suitable vehicles yields |
| | | |a gel. |
|POWSOL |Powder for solution | |An intimate mixture of dry, finely divided medicinal |
| | | |agents that upon the addition of suitable vehicles yields |
| | | |a solution. |
|POWSUE |Powder for suspension, | |An intimate mixture of dry, finely divided medicinal |
| |extended release | |agents that upon the addition of a suitable vehicle yields|
| | | |a suspension (a liquid preparation containing solid |
| | | |particles dispersed in the liquid vehicle). It is |
| | | |formulated to release the medicinal agents in such a |
| | | |manner to allow a reduction in dosing frequency as |
| | | |compared to that of the medicinal agents presented as a |
| | | |conventional dosage form. |
|POWSUS |Powder for suspension | |An intimate mixture of dry, finely divided medicinal |
| | | |agents that upon the addition of a suitable vehicle yields|
| | | |a suspension (a liquid preparation containing solid |
| | | |particles dispersed in the liquid vehicle). |
|POWMET |Powder, Metered dose | |A powder containing medicinal agents that is situated |
| | | |inside a container that has a mechanism to deliver a |
| | | |specified quantity. |
|PELLET |Pellet | |A small, sterile and solid mass consisting of a highly |
| | | |purified medicinal agent (with or without excipients) made|
| | | |by the formation of granules, or by compression and |
| | | |moulding. |
|SHAMP |Shampoo | |A liquid soap or detergent containing one or more solid, |
| | | |insoluble substances dispersed in a liquid vehicle that is|
| | | |used to clean the hair and scalp and is often used as a |
| | | |vehicle for dermatologic agents. |
|SHAMPS |Shampoo, suspension | |A liquid soap or detergent containing one or more solid, |
| | | |insoluble substances dispersed in a liquid vehicle that is|
| | | |used to clean the hair and scalp and is often used as a |
| | | |vehicle for dermatologic agents. |
|SOL |Solution | |A clear, homogeneous liquid preparation composed of, or |
| | | |containing, one or more active substances dissolved in a |
| | | |suitable vehicle. |
|SOLPW |Solution, powder | |One or more active ingredients in a dry form to be |
| | | |reconstituted in a suitable liquid for use as a solution. |
|SOLEX |Solution, Extended | |A liquid preparation containing one or more chemical |
| |release | |substances dissolved (i.e. molecularly dispersed) in a |
| | | |suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents |
| | | |that is formulated to release the medicinal agents in such|
| | | |a manner to allow a reduction in dosing frequency as |
| | | |compared to that of the medicinal agents presented as a |
| | | |conventional dosage form. |
|SPR |Spray | |A liquid preparation for application after dispersion with|
| | | |a spraying device. |
|SPRSUS |Spray, suspension | |A liquid preparation containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients dispersed as solid particles throughout a |
| | | |liquid phase. In addition it may contain other active |
| | | |ingredients which are dissolved. |
|SPRMET |Spray, Metered dose | |An aqueous or oleaginous solution that contains medicinal |
| | | |agents in the form of coarse droplets or as finely divided|
| | | |solids, and consists of a metered dose valve that allows |
| | | |for the delivery of a uniform quantity of spray upon each |
| | | |spray. |
|STICK |Stick | |A solid preparation containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients in stick form. |
|SUP |Suppository | |A solid preparation containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients intended for rectal administration, usually as|
| | | |a single dose. |
|SUPEXT |Suppository, extended | |A solid body of varying weight and shape adapted for |
| |release | |introduction into the rectal, vaginal or urethral orifice |
| | | |of the human body that is formulated to release the |
| | | |medicinal agents in such a manner to allow a reduction in |
| | | |dosing frequency as compared to that of the medicinal |
| | | |agents presented as a conventional dosage form. |
|SUS |Suspension |Jam |A liquid preparation composed of, or containing one or |
| | | |more active substances suspended in a suitable vehicle. It|
| | | |may also contain dissolved active substances. |
|SUSLIP |Suspension, Liposomal | |A liquid preparation consisting of an oil phase dispersed |
| | | |throughout an aqueous phase in such a manner that |
| | | |liposomes are formed. |
|STRIP |Strip | |A long, narrow piece of medicated substance. |
|SPONG |Sponge | |A porous, interlacing absorbent pad of folded gauze or |
| | | |cotton that contains medicinal agents. It is typically |
| | | |used for applying or introducing medication, or for |
| | | |cleansing. |
|SOAPL |Soap, liquid | |A liquid dosage form that contains medicinal agents and is|
| | | |used to cleanse the skin. |
|SYRUP |Syrup | |An oral solution containing high concentrations of sucrose|
| | | |or other sugars. |
|SYRUPE |Syrup, extended release | |An oral solution containing high concentrations of sucrose|
| | | |or other sugars that is formulated to release the |
| | | |medicinal agents in such a manner to allow a reduction in |
| | | |dosing frequency as compared to that of the medicinal |
| | | |agents presented as a conventional dosage form. |
|TAB |Tablet | |A solid preparation containing one or more active |
| | | |ingredients, usually a measured quantity, with or without |
| | | |suitable diluents in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and |
| | | |surface markings prepared by moulding or compression for |
| | | |oral, sublingual. |
|TABCHW |Tablet, chewable | |A tablet with a palatable formulation designed to be |
| | | |chewed rather than swallowed whole. |
|TABFC |Tablet, film coated | |A tablet surrounded by a thin layer of various substances |
| | | |usually polymeric in nature. |
|TABFCE |Tablet, film coated, | |A solid dosage form that contains medicinal substances |
| |extended release | |with or without suitable diluents and is coated with a |
| | | |thin layer of a water-insoluble or water-soluble polymer; |
| | | |the tablet is formulated in such manner as to make the |
| | | |contained medicament available over an extended period of |
| | | |time following ingestion. |
|TABGC |Tablet, gelatin coated | |A tablet surrounded by a layer of gelatin with or without |
| | | |other substances. |
|TABML |Tablet, multilayer | |A compressed tablet comprising two or more layers of |
| | | |different composition. The layers may be concentric |
| | | |(compressed coated) or parallel. |
|TABMLE |Tablet, multilayer, | |A solid dosage form containing medicinal substances that |
| |extended release | |have been compressed to form a multiple-layered tablet or |
| | | |a tablet-within-a-tablet, the inner tablet being the core |
| | | |and the outer portion being the shell, which, |
| | | |additionally, is covered in a designated coating; the |
| | | |tablet is formulated in such manner as to allow at least a|
| | | |reduction in dosing frequency as compared to that drug |
| | | |presented as a conventional dosage form. |
|TABMR |Tablet, modified release| |A coated or uncoated tablet in which the rate or place of |
| | | |release of the active ingredients in the gastrointestinal |
| | | |tract has been modified. |
|TABDE |Tablet, delayed release | |A tablet formulated to release the medicinal agents at any|
| | | |time other than promptly after administration. |
|TINCT |Tincture | |An alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solution prepared from |
| | | |vegetable materials or from chemical substances. |
|TROCHE |Troche | |A discoid-shaped solid containing the medicinal agent in a|
| | | |suitably flavored base; troches are placed in the mouth |
| | | |where they slowly dissolve, liberating the active |
| | | |ingredients. |
|VAPL |Vapour from liquid | |A liquid preparation containing medicinal agents converted|
| | | |into a vapour for administration to the lungs for either a|
| | | |local or systemic effect. |
|VAPS |Vapour from solid | |A solid preparation containing medicinal agents converted |
| | | |into a vapour for administration to the lungs for either a|
| | | |local or systemic effect. |
|WAFER |Wafer | |A thin, flat solid preparation containing one or more |
| | | |active ingredients. It is usually intended to disintegrate|
| | | |or dissolve rapidly in contact with body fluids. |
|WIPEM |Wipe, medicated | |A small towel, soaked in or impregnated with a preparation|
| | | |containing the active ingredient(s) and intended to be |
| | | |used to apply the preparation to the skin. |
2. Routes of Administration
The route of administration is the method by which the natural health product is to be delivered to the body. The following lists the routes of administration used by NHPD.
|Code |Description |Definition |
|BUCCAL |Buccal |Pertaining to the cheek cavity. |
|DENTAL |Dental |Pertaining to the teeth or a tooth. |
|GINGIV |Gingival |Administration to gingivae. |
|INHAL |Inhalation |Taken into the lungs by breathing through the nasal or oral |
| | |respiratory route for local or systemic effect. |
|IRRIG |Irrigation |Administration to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities. |
|NAGAST |Nasogastric |Taken into the stomach by administering through the nasal route. |
|NASAL |Nasal |Administered into or within the nose. |
|OPHTH |Ophthalmic |Administered into the eye. |
|ORAL |Oral |Taken through the mouth into the gastrointestinal system. |
|ORALAP |Oral application |Applied in or within the mouth cavity for a local effect. Not meant to|
| | |be swallowed. eg. mouth lotion/gel or mouth gargles, etc. |
|ORCOSAL |Oromucosal |Administration of a medicinal product to the oral cavity to obtain a |
| | |local or systemic effect. |
|OTIC |Otic |Administered into the ear. |
|RECTAL |Rectal |Through the rectum. |
|SLINGL |Sublingual |Administered beneath the tongue for a systemic effect. |
|TDERM |Transdermal |Applied to the skin for a systemic effect by the diffusion or |
| | |continuous absorption of the active ingredient through the skin. |
|TOPICL |Topical |Applied to a certain area of the skin for a localised effect. |
|VAGL |Vaginal |Applied into the vagina. |
3. Units
The following is the list of units used by NHPD.
|Code |Description |Type |
|1X |100 milligram/millilitre |Homeopathic units |
|billion CFU |Billion Colony Forming Units |Microbiological culture |
|billion CFU/g |Billion Colony Forming Units per gram |Microbiological culture |
|billion CFU/mL |Billion Colony Forming Units per millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|billion organisms |Billion organisms |Microbiological culture |
|billion organisms/g |Billion organisms/gram |Microbiological culture |
|billion organisms/mg |Billion organisms/milligram |Microbiological culture |
|billion organisms/mL |Billion organisms/millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|BP Unit |British Pharmacopoeial Unit |Pharmacopoeial Units |
|BP Units/mL |British Pharmacopoeial Unit/mL |Pharmacopoeial Units |
|BP Unit/g |British Pharmacopoeial Unit/gram |Pharmacopoeial Units |
|Bq |Becquerel |Radioactivity |
|Bq/kg |Becquerel/kilogram |Radioactivity |
|oC |Celsius temperature |Temperature |
|CFU |Colony Forming Unit |Microbiological culture |
|CFU/g |Colony Forming Unit/gram |Microbiological culture |
|CFU/mL |Colony Forming Unit/millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|CU |Cellulase unit |Biological units |
|CU/g |Cellulase unit per gram |Biological units |
|d |Day |Time |
|DF |Dosage form |Dosage form |
|DUAA |Alpha-amylase dextrinising unit |Biological units |
|DU/g |Dextrinising unit per gram |Biological units |
|ELISA unit |Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay unit |Biological units |
|ELISA unit/mL |Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay unit/millitre |Biological units |
|g |Gram |Mass |
|g/d |Gram/day |Acceptible daily intake |
|g/DF |Gram/dosage form |Dosage form |
|g/m3 |Gram/cubic meter |Impregnated dressing |
|gm/m2 |Gram/square meter |Impregnated dressing |
|g/g |Gram/gram |Mass |
|g/L |Gram/litre |Mass |
|g/mL |Gram/millilitre |Mass |
|h |Hour |Time |
|IU |International Unit |International Units |
|IU/d |International Unit/day |Acceptible daily intake |
|IU/DF |International Unit/dosage form |Dosage form |
|IU/cm2 |International Unit/ square cm |International Units |
|IU/g |International Unit/gram |International Units |
|IU/kg |International Unit/kilogram |International Units |
|IU/L |International Unit/litre |International Units |
|IU/mg |International Unit/milligram |International Units |
|IU/microgram |International Unit/microgram |International Units |
|IU/mL |International Unit/millilitre |International Units |
|kat |Katal |Biological units |
|K |Kelvin |Temperature |
|kg |Kilogram |Mass |
|kg/m3 |Kilogram/cubic meter |Density |
|kg/L |Kilogram/litre |Mass |
|L |Litre |Volume |
|LacU |Lactose unit |Biological units |
|LfU |Lime flocculation unit |Microbiological culture |
|LfU/mL |Lime flocculation unit/millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|LipU |Lipase units |Biological units |
|LipU/g |Lipase unit per gram |Biological units |
|L/L |Litre/litre |Volume |
|m |Meter |Length |
|microgram |Microgram |Mass |
|microgram/d |Microgram/day |Acceptible daily intake |
|microgram/24 h |Microgram/24 hour |Acceptible daily intake |
|microgram/actuation |Microgram/actuation |Mass |
|microgram/cm2 |Microgram/square centimetre |Impregnated dressings |
|microgram/g |Microgram/gram |Mass |
|microgram/kg |Microgram/kilogram |Mass |
|microgram/kg bw/day |Microgram/kilogram body weight/day |Acceptible daily intake |
|microgram/L |Microgram/litre |Mass |
|microgram/mL |Microgram/millilitre |Mass |
|microkat |Microkatal |Biological units |
|microlitre |Microlitre |Volume |
|microlitre/cm2 |Microlitre/square centimetre |Impregnated dressings |
|microlitre/g |Microlitre/gram |Volume |
|microlitre/L |Microlitre/litre |Volume |
|microlitre/mL |Microlitre/millilitre |Volume |
|micromol |Micromole |Molecular equivalents |
|micromol/l |Micromole/litre |Molecular equivalents |
|micromol/ml |Micromole/millilitre |Molecular equivalents |
|mm |Millimeter |Length |
|mg |Milligram |Mass |
|mg/d |miligram/day |Acceptible daily intake |
|mg iodine/mL |Milligram iodine/millilitre |Mass |
|mg I/mL |Milligrams I/millilitre |Mass |
|mg/24 h |Milligram/24 hour |Mass |
|mg/actuation |Milligram/actuation |Mass |
|mg/cm |Milligram per centimetre |Mass |
|mg/cm2 |Milligram/square cm |Impregnated dressings |
|mg/g |Milligram/gram |Mass |
|mg/kg |Milligram/kilogram |Mass |
|mg/kg bw/d |Milligram/kilogram body weight/day |Acceptible daily intake |
|mg/L |Milligram/litre |Mass |
|mg/m2 |Milligram per square metre |Impregnated dressings |
|mg/mg |Milligram/milligram |Mass |
|mg/mL |Milligram/millilitre |Mass |
|mg/kg |Milligram/kilogram |Mass |
|million CFU |Million Colony Forming Units |Microbiological culture |
|million CFU/g |Million Colony Forming Units per gram |Microbiological culture |
|million CFU/mL |Million Colony Forming Units per millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|million IU |Million International Units |International units |
|million IU/mL |Million International Units/millilitre |International units |
|million organisms |Million organisms |Microbiological culture |
|million organisms/g |Million organisms/gram |Microbiological culture |
|million organisms/mg |Million organisms per milligram |Microbiological culture |
|million organisms/mL |Million organisms/millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|mL |Millilitre |Volume |
|mL/cm2 |Millilitre/square cm |Impregnated dressings |
|mL/g |Millilitre/gram |Volume |
|mL/L |Millilitre/litre |Volume |
|mL/mL |Millilitre/millilitre |Volume |
|mEq |Milliequivalent |Equivalent weights |
|mEq/g |Milliequivalent/gram |Equivalent weights |
|mEq/mg |Milliequivalent/milligram |Equivalent weights |
|mEq/kg |Milliequivalent/kilogram |Equivalent weights |
|mEq/l |Milliequivalent/litre |Equivalent volume |
|mEq/ml |Milliequivalent/millilitre |Equivalent volume |
|mmol |Millimole |Molecular equivalents |
|mmol/L |Millimole/litre |Molecular equivalents |
|mmol/mL |Millimole/millilitre |Molecular equivalents |
|min |Minutes |Time |
|mol |Mole |Molecular equivalents |
|mol/L |Mole/litre |Molecular equivalents |
|mOsm/kg |Milliosmol/kilogram |Molecular equivalents |
|nanolitre |Nanolitre |Volume |
|nanolitre/mL |Nanolitre/millilitre |Volume |
|ng |Nanogram |Mass |
|ng/g |Nanogram/gram |Mass |
|ng/mL |Nanogram/millilitre |Volume |
|nmol |Nanomole |Molecular equivalents |
|nmol/mL |Nanomole/millilitre |Molecular equivalents |
|ppm |Parts per million |Weight |
|% |Percent |Percentage |
|% (v/v) |Percent volume/volume |Volume |
|% (w/v) |Percent weight/volume |Volume |
|% (w/w) |Percent weight/weight |Mass |
|PFU |Plaque Forming Unit |Microbiological culture |
|PFU e.1000 mouse LD50 |Plaque Forming Unit equiv 1000 mouse LD50 |Microbiological culture |
|PFU/dose |Plaque Forming Unit/dose |Microbiological culture |
|PFU/mL |Plaque Forming Unit/millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|pg/kg bw/day |Picogram/kilogram body weight/day |Mass |
|PH Eur unit |Pharmacopoeia Europe Unit |Pharmacopoeial units |
|picogram |Picogram |Mass |
|picogram/g |Picogram per gram |Mass |
|picogram/mg |Picogram per milligram |Mass |
|picogram/mL |Picogram per millilitre |Volume |
|pock forming unit |Pock Forming Unit |Microbiological culture |
|LB |Pound |Weight |
|pressor units/mL |Pressor units/millilitre |Biological units |
|QS |Quantity - Sufficient (QS) |QS |
|s |Second |Time |
|m2 |Square meter |Area |
|thousand IU |Thousand International Unit |Thousand International Unit |
|thousand CFU |Thousand Colony Forming Units |Microbiological culture |
|thousand CFU/g |Thousand Colony Forming Units per gram |Microbiological culture |
|thousand CFU/mL |Thousand Colony Forming Units per millitre |Microbiological culture |
|thousand CU |Thousand cellulase unit |Biological units |
|thousand CU/g |Thousand cellulase unit per gram |Biological units |
|thousand organisms |Thousand organisms |Microbiological culture |
|thousand organisms/g |Thousand organisms/gram |Microbiological culture |
|thousand organisms/mL |Thousand organisms/millilitre |Microbiological culture |
|titre |Titre |Biological units |
|U |Unit |Biological units |
|U/g |Unit/gram |Biological units |
|USP Unit |United States Pharmacopoeial Unit |Pharmacopoeial units |
|USP Unit/mL |United States Pharmacopoeial Unit/mL |Pharmacopoeial units |
|USP Unit/g |United States Pharmacopoeial Unit/gram |Pharmacopoeial units |
|U/g |Unit/gram |Biological units |
|U/mL |Unit/millilitre |Biological units |
|X |1/10 dilution |Homeopathic units |
4. Non-medicinal Ingredient Purposes
The purpose of a non-medicinal ingredient is its purpose in the formulation. The following lists the non-medicinal ingredient purposes used by NHPD along with useful synonyms for selected purposes.
|Code |Description |Synonyms |
|ABRSV |Abrasives | |
|ACDA |Acidifying agents |Acidulants |
|COLR |Additives, color |Colouring Agents |
|ADHV |Adhesives | |
|ABSRT |Absorbents | |
|ARSLP |Aerosol propellants | |
|AIRDA |Air displacement agents | |
|ALKA |Alkalizing agents | |
|ATCKA |Anticaking agents | |
|ATCGL |Anticoagulants | |
|ATFMA |Antifoaming agents | |
|ATFGLP |Antifungal preservative | |
|ANTXSY |Antioxidant synergists | |
|ANTOX |Antioxidants | |
|ATSTCA |Antistatic agents | |
|BASE |Bases | |
|BNDR |Binders |Tablet Binders |
|BFRAG |Buffering agents | |
|BLKAG |Bulking agents | |
|CAPTBDL |Capsule/tablet diluents |Diluents |
|CAPTBDG |Capsule/tablet disintegrants |Disintegrants |
|CAPTBDC |Capsule/tablet direct compression excipient | |
|CAPTBLB |Capsule/tablet lubricants |Lubricants |
|CAPTBCA |Capsule/tablet coating agent | |
|CAPTBGL |Capsule/tablet glidant | |
|CAPTBOP |Capsule/tablet opaquant | |
|CHLAG |Chelating agents | |
|CLAG |Clarifying agent | |
|COATA |Coating agents | |
|CTLRV |Controlled release vehicles |Extended release agents |
|COSMAS |Cosmetic astringents | |
|DENAT |Denaturants | |
|DESCTS |Desiccants | |
|DETRGS |Detergents | |
|DILUTS |Diluents | |
|DISNFT |Disinfectants |Antimicrobial preservatives, |
| | |antiseptics |
|DISLEA |Dissolution enhancing agents | |
|DELVS |Delivery systems | |
|DUSTPWD |Dusting powders | |
|EMOLTS |Emollients | |
|EMULSTB |Emulsion stabilizers |Stabilizing agents |
|EMULA |Emulsifying agents | |
|ENCAPA |Encapsulating agent | |
|FILRS |Fillers | |
|FILMFRM |Film formers | |
|FLAV |Flavor enhancers |Flavoring agents |
|FLWEN |Flow enhancers | |
|FRAG |Fragrance ingredients | |
|GELAGT |Gelling agents | |
|GLIDTS |Glidants | |
|GRNLAGT |Granulating agents | |
|HUMECT |Humectants | |
|HYDMTXF |Hydrophilic matrix formation | |
|LEVAGT |Levigating agent | |
|MUCAHV |Mucoadhesives | |
|OINTBS |Ointment bases | |
|OLGVEH |Oleaginous vehicles | |
|OPACAGT |Opacifying agents | |
|OXDZAGT |Oxidizing agents | |
|PENENAG |Penetration enhancing agents | |
|PHAJST |pH adjusters | |
|PLSTZ |Plasticizers | |
|POLAGT |Polishing agents | |
|PRSVAM |Preservatives antimicrobial |Antimicrobial preservatives |
|PROPL |Propellants | |
|PROTECT |Protectants | |
|REDAGT |Reducing agents | |
|SEQAGT |Sequestering agents | |
|SKNCA-EMT |Skin-conditioning agents – emollient | |
|SKNCA-HMT |Skin-conditioning agents – humectant | |
|SKNCA-MSC |Skin-conditioning agents – miscellaneous | |
|SKNCA-OCL |Skin-conditioning agents – occlusive | |
|SKNPEN |Skin penetrants | |
|SLPMDF |Slip modifiers | |
|SLBZAGT |Solubilizing agents | |
|SOLVT |Solvents | |
|STBLAGT |Stabilizing agents | |
|VITSTBA |Vitamins, stabilizing agents for | |
|STFNAGT |Stiffening agents | |
|SUPBAS |Suppository bases | |
|SRFMOD |Surface modifiers | |
|SRFCT |Surfactants | |
|SRFCT-CA |Surfactants − cleansing agents | |
|SRFCT-FB |Surfactants − foam boosters | |
|SRFCT-HT |Surfactants − hydrotropes | |
|SRFCT-SLA |Surfactants − solubilizing agents | |
|SRFCT-SA |Surfactants − suspending agents | |
|NSRFCT-SA |Suspending agents − nonsurfactant dispersing agents | |
|SWTNAGT |Sweetening agents | |
|TBLTANTI |Tablet antiadherent | |
|THKAGT |Thickening agents | |
|TNCAGT |Tonicity agents | |
|VSCIA |Viscosity-increasing agents | |
|VSCIA-NA |Viscosity increasing agents – nonaqueous | |
|VSCIA-AQ |Viscosity increasing agents – aqueous | |
|VSCDA |Viscosity decreasing agents | |
|WTRAA |Water-absorbing agents | |
|WTRMCS |Water-miscible co-solvents | |
|WETAGT |Wetting agents | |
5. Organism Part List
|Code |Name |Synonyms |Type Groups |Comment |
|ANTHER |anther |stamen anther |Plant | |
|BALSAM |balsam |balsamum |Plant | |
|BLADE |blade |seaweed; thallus blade; thallus |Plant | |
| | |frond | | |
|BRACT |bract |glume |Plant | |
|BRAN |branch |bough |Plant | |
|BRANTE |branch terminal | |Plant | |
|BRANTELF |branch terminal leafy | |Plant | |
|BULB |bulb |bulbus |Plant | |
|CELL |cell |bracket fungus; filament; |Plant | |
| | |fungus; herb | | |
|CLOVE |clove | |Plant | |
|CORM |corm | |Plant | |
|FLOWBUD |flower bud |bud; gemma |Plant | |
|FLOWBURE |flower bud resin |resin; resina; styrax |Plant | |
|FLOWER |flower |blossom; catkin; flowering head;|Plant | |
| | |inflorescence; inflorescentia; | | |
| | |strobilus | | |
|FLOWLEF |flower and leaf | |Plant |flower and leaf |
|FLOWPET |flower petal |corolla |Plant | |
|FLOWREC |flower receptacle |receptacle; recetaculum |Plant | |
|FLOWSEP |flower sepal | |Plant | |
|FLOWSTK |flower stalk |flower rachilla; flower rachis; |Plant | |
| | |rachis; rachilla | | |
|FRT |fruit |caryopsis; cereal grain; cone; |Plant | |
| | |cremocarp; cypsela; drupe; | | |
| | |endocarp; exocarp; exocarpus; | | |
| | |follicle; folliculus; fructus; | | |
| | |fruit seed; gourd; grain (of | | |
| | |cereal); hesperidium (citrus); | | |
| | |juice; mesocarp; mesocarpium; | | |
| | |pome; samara; silicula; siliqua;| | |
| | |sorosis; synconus | | |
|FRTBODY |fruiting body |Bryophyte; antheridium; |Plant | |
| | |archegonium; ascocarp; bracket | | |
| | |fungus; fern; frucificatio; | | |
| | |fungus; hornwort; horsetail; | | |
| | |basidiocarp; lichen; liverwort; | | |
| | |moss; puff ball; sclerotium; | | |
| | |seaweed; sporangium | | |
|FRTEND |fruit endocarp | |Plant | |
|FRTEXO |fruit exocarp | |Plant | |
|FRTFIB |fruit fibre | |Plant | |
|FRTFLH |fruit flesh |fat; flesh; fruit pitted; fruit |Plant | |
| | |pulp; juice cells (of citrus); | | |
| | |placenta; pomace (of apples); | | |
| | |pulp | | |
|FRTHUL |fruit hull |hull |Plant | |
|FRTMES |fruit mesocarp | |Plant | |
|FRTNOJU |fruit without juice |juice cells (of citrus) |Plant | |
|FRTOLE |fruit oleoresin |Oleoresin |Plant | |
|FRTPEL |fruit peel |fruit rind; fruit rind outer; |Plant | |
| | |fruit rind inner; husk; rind | | |
|FRTPELIN |fruit peel inner |albedo (citrus fruit) |Plant | |
|FRTPELOT |fruit peel outer |flavedo (citrus fruit) |Plant | |
|FRTPERI |fruit pericarp |hip (of Rosa); fruit seedless |Plant | |
|FRTPITH |fruit pith |pith; placenta |Plant | |
|FRTRESN |fruit resin | |Plant | |
|FRTSHEL |fruit shell |kernel shell; nut shell; shell; |Plant | |
| | |lignum | | |
|FRTSKN |fruit skin |epidermis; fruit epidermis; skin|Plant | |
|FRTSKNRE |fruit skin fibre | |Plant | |
|FRTSTALK |fruit stalk |fruit pedicel; fruit peduncle; |Plant | |
| | |fruit rachis; fruit rachilla; | | |
| | |rachis; rachilla | | |
|FRTVASC |fruit vascular tissue |fruit skeleton; fruit vascular |Plant | |
| | |bundles | | |
|FRTWAX |fruit wax |leaf wax |Plant | |
|GALL |gall |gallnut; galla |Plant | |
|GUM |gum |balsam; gum balsam; gummi; stem |Plant | |
| | |gum | | |
|GUMBALM |gum balsam | |Plant | |
|GUMOLRES |gum oleoresin |oleoresin |Plant | |
|HOLDFAST |holdfast |holdfast (seaweed) |Plant | |
|HRB |herb |Bryophyte; aerial parts; fern; |Plant | |
| | |fruiting herb; fruiting herb | | |
| | |top; herbal; hornwort; | | |
| | |horsetail; leaf and stem; | | |
| | |liverwort; lycopod (eg. | | |
| | |Lycopodium); moss; plant; | | |
| | |Pteridophyte; vine; vine herb | | |
|HRBFL |herb flowering | |Plant | |
|HRBFLOLEO |Herb flowering oleoresin |Plant | |
|HRBFLR |herb flowering and fruiting |Plant | |
|HRBFR |herb fruiting | |Plant | |
|HRBOLEO |Herb oleoresin | |Plant | |
|HRBTP |herb top |aerial parts; flowering top; |Plant | |
| | |flowering twig; fruiting top; | | |
| | |fruiting twig; herbal; leaf and | | |
| | |stem; leaf and twig; plant | | |
|HRBTPFL |herb top flowering | |Plant | |
|HRBTPFLR |herb top flowering and fruiting |Plant | |
|HRBTPFR |herb top fruiting | |Plant | |
|HRBTPYNG |herb top young | |Plant | |
|HRBYNG |herb young |plant immatura |Plant | |
|HYPHAE |hyphae |bracket fungus; filament; |Fungi | |
| | |fungus; hyphae (of fungi); | | |
| | |mycelium (of fungi) | | |
|HYPOCTYL |hypocotyl |hypocotyl |Plant | |
|LATEX |latex |stem latex |Plant | |
|LEF |leaf |Bryophyte, fern; filament; |Plant | |
| | |hornwort; horsetail; juice; | | |
| | |leaflet; liverwort; lycopod (eg.| | |
| | |Lycopodium); moss; needle (of | | |
| | |conifer); Pteridophyte | | |
|LEFBLDE |leaf blade |lamina |Plant | |
|LEFBUD |leaf bud |bud; gemma |Plant | |
|LEFBUDRS |leaf bud resin | |Plant | |
|LEFCOT |leaf cotyledon |cotyledons; cotyledon |Plant | |
|LEFFERT |leaf fertile |fern; Pteridophyte |Plant | |
|LEFIN |leaf inner | |Plant | |
|LEFINJU |leaf inner juice | |Plant | |
|LEFOLEO |leaf oleoresin | |Plant | |
|LEFOUT |leaf outer | |Plant | |
|LEFRAD |leaf radicle | |Plant | |
|LEFRCHA |leaf rachilla | |Plant | |
|LEFRCHIS |leaf rachis | |Plant | |
|LEFRES |leaf resin | |Plant | |
|LEFSTLK |leaf stalk |rachis; rachilla |Plant | |
|LEFVAS |leaf vascular tissue |leaf skeleton; leaf vascular |Plant | |
| | |bundles | | |
|LEFWAX |leaf wax |fruit wax |Plant | |
|LEFYNG |leaf young | |Plant | |
|MSHRM |mushroom |basidiocarp; toadstool |Plant | |
|MSHRMCAP |mushroom cap | |Plant | |
|MSHRMSTM |mushroom stem | |Plant | |
|NODE |node |nodus |Plant | |
|OVARY |ovary |gynoecium |Plant | |
|PETAL |petal | |Plant | |
|PLUMULE |plumule |plumula |Plant | |
|POLLEN |pollen | |Plant | |
|PSC |pressed seed cake | |Plant | |
|RIXWOOD |rhizome wood |scobis; lignum; wood; sawdust; |Plant | |
| | |xylem | | |
|RIZ |rhizome |fern; horsetail; Pteridophyte; |Plant | |
| | |rhizoma; underground parts | | |
|RIZBRK |rhizome bark |bark |Plant | |
|RIZBRKIN |rhizome bark inner |bark; bark inner; bark living |Plant | |
|RIZBRKOT |rhizome bark outer |bark; bark outer; bark dead |Plant | |
|RIZHRTWD |rhizome heartwood |lignum; wood; sawdust; scobis; |Plant | |
| | |xylem | | |
|RIZOLEO |rhizome oleoresin | |Plant | |
|RIZPEEL |rhizome peel |rhizome skin |Plant | |
|RIZSAPWD |rhizome sapwood |sapwood; lignum; wood; sawdust; |Plant | |
| | |scobis; xylem; wood outer; xylem| | |
| | |primary | | |
|RIZSKIN |rhizome skin |epidermis; rhizome peel; skin |Plant | |
|RIZSTOL |rhizome and stolon | |Plant | |
|ROT |root |fern; fibrous root; lycopod (eg.|Plant | |
| | |Lycopodium); Pteridophyte; | | |
| | |radix; rhizoid; underground | | |
| | |parts | | |
|ROTAER |root aerial |aerial root |Plant | |
|ROTANOD |root and root nodule | |Plant | |
|ROTASTOL |root and stolon | |Plant | |
|ROTBAK |root bark |bark |Plant | |
|ROTBAKIN |root bark inner |bark; bark inner; bark living |Plant | |
|ROTBRKOT |root bark outer |bark; bark outer; bark dead |Plant | |
|ROTFIBRE |root fibre | |Plant | |
|ROTHRTWD |root heartwood |heartwood; root wood inner; |Plant | |
| | |truewood; lignum; wood; sawdust;| | |
| | |wood inner; xylem secondary | | |
|ROTLAT |root lateral |lateral root |Plant | |
|ROTNOD |root nodule |nodule; nodule and root |Plant | |
|ROTPEEL |root peel |root skin |Plant | |
|ROTPTH |root pith |flesh; medulla |Plant | |
|ROTPTHFI |root pith fibre | |Plant | |
|ROTRIZ |root and rhizome |underground parts |Plant | |
|ROTRIZST |root and rhizome and stolon |Plant | |
|ROTSAPWD |root sapwood |root wood outer; sapwood; |Plant | |
| | |lignum; wood; sawdust; wood | | |
| | |outer; xylem primary | | |
|ROTSKIN |root skin |epidermis; root epidermis; root |Plant | |
| | |peel; skin | | |
|ROTVASC |root vascular tissue |root vascular bundles |Plant | |
|ROTWOD |root wood |lignum; wood; sawdust |Plant | |
|ROTWODKO |root wood kino |kino |Plant | |
|SAP |sap |stem sap; succus |Plant | |
|SAPBAL |sap balsam | |Plant | |
|SAPRES |sap resin | |Plant | |
|SCAPE |scape |scapus |Plant | |
|SED |seed |Achene; Bean seed; Carcerlus; |Plant | |
| | |bean seed; carcerulus; | | |
| | |caryopsis; cereal grain; | | |
| | |cremocarp; gram; fat; fruit | | |
| | |seed; grain (of cereal); kernel;| | |
| | |legume seed; legumen; pulse; | | |
| | |semen | | |
|SEDARIL |seed aril |aril; arillus; seed coat aril |Plant | |
|SEDBRAN |seed bran |bran; seed epidermis; seed skin |Plant | |
|SEDCOAT |seed coat |testa |Plant | |
|SEDENDO |seed endosperm |endospermum; endosperm; flesh |Plant | |
|SEDFIBRE |seed fibre | |Plant | |
|SEDFRTSH |seed and fruit shell | |Plant | |
|SEDGERM |seed germ |embryo; germ; seed embryo |Plant | |
|SEDHUSK |seed husk |fruit husk; glume; grain bract; |Plant | |
| | |grain glume; grain husk; husk | | |
|SEDMUC |seed mucilage | |Plant | |
|SEDOLEO |Seed oleoresin | |Plant | |
|SEDSKIN |seed skin |seed epidermis; stem peel |Plant | |
|SEPAL |sepal |calyx |Plant | |
|SHOT |shoot |embryon; embryonic shoot |Plant | |
|SHOTOP |shoot top | |Plant | |
|SPINE |spine |filament; spina |Plant | |
|SPORE |spore |Bryophyte; bracket fungus; fern;|Plant | |
| | |fungus; hornwort; horsetail; | | |
| | |lichen; liverwort; lycopod (eg. | | |
| | |Lycopodium); moss; Pteridophyte;| | |
| | |spora | | |
|SPROUT |sprout |plantula; seed germinating; seed|Plant | |
| | |sprout | | |
|STAMN |stamen |adroecium; staminis |Plant | |
|STAMNFIL |stamen filament |filament |Plant | |
|STIG |stigma |ovary stigma |Plant | |
|STIGASTY |stigma and style | |Plant | |
|STIPUL |stipule |stipulae |Plant | |
|STM |stem |Bryophyte; bough; caulis; |Plant | |
| | |horsetail; juice; lycopod (eg. | | |
| | |Lycopodium); moss; Pteridophyte;| | |
| | |ramulus; ramu; seaweed; stalk; | | |
| | |stem sterile; thallus stipe; | | |
| | |trunk; vine stem; vine | | |
|STMBALM |stem balsam | |Plant | |
|STMBRK |stem bark |bark; trunk bark |Plant | |
|STMBRKFB |stem bark fibre | |Plant | |
|STMBRKIN |stem bark inner |bark; bark inner; bark living |Plant | |
|STMBRKOL |stem bark oleoresin |oleoresin |Plant | |
|STMBRKOU |stem bark outer |bark; bark outer; bark dead |Plant | |
|STMBRKRE |stem bark resin |resin; resina; styrax |Plant | |
|STMFIB |stem fibre | |Plant | |
|STMHRTWD |stem heartwood |heartwood; truewood; lignum; |Plant | |
| | |wood; sawdust; scobis; scobis; | | |
| | |xylem; wood inner; xylem | | |
| | |secondary | | |
|STMPEEL |stem peel |stem skin |Plant | |
|STMPITH |stem pith |flesh; medulla; pith; pulp |Plant | |
|STMRESIN |stem resin |resin; resina; styrax |Plant | |
|STMSAPWD |stem sapwood |sapwood; lignum; wood; sawdust; |Plant | |
| | |scobis; scobis; xylem; wood | | |
| | |outer; xylem primary | | |
|STMSKIN |stem skin |epidermis; stem epidermis; skin |Plant | |
|STMVASC |stem vascular tissue |stem vascular bundle |Plant | |
|STMWOD |stem wood |bough; trunk wood; lignum; wood;|Plant | |
| | |sawdust; scobis; scobis; xylem | | |
|STMWODRE |stem wood resin | |Plant | |
|STOLN |stolon |stalk |Plant | |
|STOMA |stoma | |Plant | |
|STROMA |stromata | |Plant | |
|STYLE |style |ovary style; silk (of corn Zea);|Plant | |
| | |stylus | | |
|TAPROT |root tap | |Plant | |
|THORN |thorn |filament; spina |Plant | |
|TUBER |tuber | |Plant | |
|TWG |twig |stalk |Plant | |
|TWGBGKOU |twig bark outer |bark; bark outer; bark dead |Plant | |
|TWGBRK |twig bark |bark |Plant | |
|TWGBRKIN |twig bark inner |bark; bark inner; bark living |Plant | |
|TWGDORM |twig dormant | |Plant | |
|TWGFL |twig flowering | |Plant | |
|TWGFLBD |twig flowering budding |Plant | |
|TWGFLFR |twig flowering and fruiting |Plant | |
|TWGFR |twig fruiting | |Plant | |
|TWGHRTWD |twig heartwood |lignum; wood; sawdust; xylem |Plant | |
|TWGLEF |twig leafy | |Plant | |
|TWGLEFL |twig leafy flowering | |Plant | |
|TWGLEFLR |twig leafy flowering and fruiting |Plant | |
|TWGLEFR |twig leafy fruiting | |Plant | |
|TWGLEFY |twig leafy young |turiones |Plant | |
|TWGPEEL |twig peel | |Plant | |
|TWGSAPWD |twig sapwood |sapwood; lignum; wood; sawdust; |Plant | |
| | |xylem; wood outer; xylem primary| | |
|TWGSKIN |twig skin |epidermis; skin |Plant | |
|TWGWOOD |twig wood |lignum; wood; sawdust; xylem |Plant | |
|WHPLANT |Whole plant |Bryophyte; bracket fungus; fern;|Plant | |
| | |fungus; hornwort; horsetail; | | |
| | |lichen; liverwort; lycopod (eg. | | |
| | |Lycopodium); plant; | | |
| | |Pteridophyte; seaweed; thallus. | | |
|ADRENAND |Adrenal gland | |Non-human |Gland situated near the kidney |
| | | |Animal |which secretes adrenaline |
| | | | |(epinephrine). |
|ANTLER |Velver antler | |Non-human | |
| | | |Animal | |
|ARTERY |Artery | |Non-human |A vessel through which the |
| | | |Animal |blood passes away from the |
| | | | |heart. |
|BIDUCT |Bile duct | |Non-human |A passage with well-defined |
| | | |Animal |walls for the passage of bile |
| | | | |secretions. The union of the |
| | | | |cystic duct and hepatic duct |
| | | | |forms the bile duct. |
|BILE |Bile | |Non-human |A fluid secreted by the liver |
| | | |Animal |and poured into the small |
| | | | |intestine via the bile ducts. |
|BLADDER |Bladder | |Non-human |Membranous sac into which urine|
| | | |Animal |drains through the ureters. |
|BLOOD |Blood | |Non-human |The fluid that circulated |
| | | |Animal |through the heart, arteries, |
| | | | |capillaries and veins carrying |
| | | | |nutrients and oxygen to the |
| | | | |body cells. |
|BONE |Bone | |Non-human |The hard form of connective |
| | | |Animal |tissue that constitutes the |
| | | | |majority of the skeleton of |
| | | | |most vertebrates. |
|BONEFOSS |Bone - fossilised | |Non-human |Bone which has been fossilised.|
| | | |Animal | |
|BONEMARR |Bone marrow | |Non-human |The soft organic material that |
| | | |Animal |fills the cavities of bones. |
|BRAIN |Brain | |Non-human |That part of the central |
| | | |Animal |nervous system contained within|
| | | | |the cranium. |
|CARTLAGE |Cartilage | |Non-human |A specialised, fibrous |
| | | |Animal |connective tissue massed in a |
| | | | |particular site of the body. |
|CERVICAL |Cervical | |Non-human |Pertaining to the neck or to |
| | | |Animal |the neck of any organ or |
| | | | |structure. |
|CONTISUE |Connective tissue | |Non-human |The tissue that binds together |
| | | |Animal |and is the support of the |
| | | | |various structures of the body.|
|CORTEX |Cortex | |Non-human |The outer layer of an organ or |
| | | |Animal |other body structure, as |
| | | | |distinguished from the internal|
| | | | |substance. |
|CSKELTON |Calcareous skeleton | |Non-human |The hard, calcium framework of |
| | | |Animal |Coral. |
|DISC |Disc | |Non-human |A circular or rounded flat |
| | | |Animal |plate situated between two |
| | | | |vertebrae in the spine. |
|DUODENM |Duodenum | |Non-human |The first, or proximal, portion|
| | | |Animal |of the small intestine, |
| | | | |extending from the pylorus to |
| | | | |the jejeunum. |
|EGG |Egg | |Non-human | |
| | | |Animal | |
|EGGCASE |Egg case | |Non-human | |
| | | |Animal | |
|EGGSHELL |Egg shell | |Non-human |The shell of the egg of a bird |
| | | |Animal |or reptile. |
|EMBRYO |Embryo | |Non-human |A young organism in the early |
| | | |Animal |stages of development. The |
| | | | |product of conception from the |
| | | | |moment of fertilisation until |
| | | | |about the eighth week after |
| | | | |fertilisation. |
|EPITHELM |Epithelium | |Non-human |The covering of internal and |
| | | |Animal |external surfaces of the body, |
| | | | |including the lining of vessels|
| | | | |and other small cavities. |
|EXOSK |Exoskeleton | |Non-human |The hard outer covering of many|
| | | |Animal |invertebrates, such as |
| | | | |crustacceans, which lack the |
| | | | | |
| | | | |internal structures of |
| | | | |vertebrates. |
|FEADUST |Feather dust | |Non-human |The dust that is derived from |
| | | |Animal |feathers of birds. |
|FEATHERS |Feather | |Non-human |One of the epidermal appendages|
| | | |Animal |which together constitute the |
| | | | |plumage of birds, typically |
| | | | |made up the quill, the rachis |
| | | | |and barbs which unite in webs |
| | | | |on each side of the rachis. |
|FIN |Fin | |Non-human |A membranous wing-like or |
| | | |Animal |paddle-like organ attached to |
| | | | |any of the various parts of the|
| | | | |bodies of fish and certain |
| | | | |other aquatic animals, used for|
| | | | |propulsion, steering or |
| | | | |balancing. |
|GABLAD |Gall Bladder | |Non-human |The pear-shaped reservoir for |
| | | |Animal |the bile on the posteroinferior|
| | | | |surface of the liver, between |
| | | | |the right and quadrate lobe; |
| | | | |from its neck, the cystic duct |
| | | | |projects to join the common |
| | | | |bile duct. |
|GALSTONE |Gall stone | |Non-human |A concretion, usually of |
| | | |Animal |cholesterol, formed in the gall|
| | | | |bladder or bile duct. |
|HAIR |Hair | |Non-human |A long slender filamentous |
| | | |Animal |appendage of the skin made of |
| | | | |keratin and consisting of a |
| | | | |shaft and a root. |
|HEART |Heart | |Non-human |The viscus of cardiac muscle |
| | | |Animal |that maintains the circulation |
| | | | |of the blood. |
|HEVALVE |Heart Valve | |Non-human |A membranous fold in a canal or|
| | | |Animal |passage of the heart which |
| | | | |prevents the reflux on |
| | | | | |
| | | | |the contents passing through |
| | | | |it. |
|HONEY |Honey | |Non-human |A sweet viscous liquid produced|
| | | |Animal |by an insect from the nectar |
| | | | |collected from flowers. |
|HOOF |Hoof | |Non-human |The hard, horny casing of the |
| | | |Animal |foot or end of the digits of |
| | | | |many animals, usually the |
| | | | |ungulates (horses, pigs etc.) |
|INVERTSK |Intervertebral disk | |Non-human |A circular or rounded flat |
| | | |Animal |plate situated between two |
| | | | |contiguous vertebrae. |
|KIDNEY |Kidney | |Non-human |An organ that filters the |
| | | |Animal |blood, excreting the |
| | | | |end-products of metabolism as |
| | | | |urine. |
|LIGAMNT |Ligament | |Non-human |A band of fibrous tissue that |
| | | |Animal |connects bones or cartilages, |
| | | | |serving to support and |
| | | | |strengthen joints. |
|LIVER |Liver | |Non-human |A large, multifunctional gland |
| | | |Animal |which stores and filters blood,|
| | | | |secretes bile, and is involved |
| | | | |in numerous metabolic |
| | | | |processes. |
|LUMBAR |Lumbar | |Non-human |Pertaining to the loins, the |
| | | |Animal |part of the back between the |
| | | | |thorax and the pelvis. |
|LYNODE |Lymph node | |Non-human |A small mass of tissue in the |
| | | |Animal |form of a swelling, knot or |
| | | | |protuberance, either |
| | | | | |
| | | | |normal or pathological. |
|LYVESSEL |Lymphatic vessel | |Non-human |Any channel for carrying lymph |
| | | |Animal |fluid. |
|MEAT |Meat | |Non-human |Flesh of animals. |
| | | |Animal | |
|MEDULLA |Medulla | |Non-human |The general term for the inmost|
| | | |Animal |part of an organ or structure. |
|MILK |Milk | |Non-human |Secretion from mammary glands. |
| | | |Animal | |
|MUCMEMBR |Mucous membrane | |Non-human |Membrane covered with |
| | | |Animal |epithelium lining canals and |
| | | | |cavities which communicate with|
| | | | |the exterior of the body, kept |
| | | | |moist by glandular secretions. |
|MUSCLE |Muscle | |Non-human |An organ which by contraction |
| | | |Animal |produces the movements of or in|
| | | | |an animal. |
|NECTEN |Neck Tendon | |Non-human |Created for TGAL for Animal |
| | | |Animal |Ingredient Pre-Clearance. |
|OVARY |Ovary | |Non-human |The female gonad in which ova |
| | | |Animal |are formed. |
|PANCREAS |Pancreas | |Non-human |A large, elongated gland |
| | | |Animal |situated behind the stomach, |
| | | | |between the spleen and duodenum|
| | | | |and which secretes pancreatic |
| | | | |juice into the duodenum. |
|PELT |Pelt | |Non-human |Undressed skin of animal with |
| | | |Animal |its hair, wool or fur. |
|PENIS |Penis | |Non-human |The male organ of copulation |
| | | |Animal |and of urinary excretion, |
| | | | |comprising a root, body and |
| | | | |extremity, or glans penis. |
|PERICARD |Pericardium | |Non-human |The fibrous sac that surrounds |
| | | |Animal |the heart and the roots of the |
| | | | |great vessels, comprising the |
| | | | |external layer of fibrous |
| | | | |tissue. |
|PITGLAND |Hypophysis - pituitary | |Non-human |The pituitary gland, a neural |
| |gland | |Animal |and epithelial body of dual |
| | | | |origin located at the base of |
| | | | |the brain. |
|PLACENTA |Placenta | |Non-human |A organ characteristic of true |
| | | |Animal |mammals during pregnancy, |
| | | | |joining mother and offspring. |
|PROGLAND |Prostate gland | |Non-human |A gland in the male which |
| | | |Animal |surrounds the neck of the |
| | | | |bladder and the urethra. |
|RENALSON |Renal stone | |Non-human |A mass of extremely hard and |
| | | |Animal |unyielding material situated in|
| | | | |the kidney. |
|RENCORD |Renal cordex | |Non-human |The outer part of the substance|
| | | |Animal |of the kidney, composed mainly |
| | | | |of glomeruli and convoluted |
| | | | |tubules. |
|RENMED |Renal Medulla | |Non-human |The inner part of the substance|
| | | |Animal |of the kidney, composed chiefly|
| | | | |of collecting elements and |
| | | | |loops of Henle, organised |
| | | | |grossly into pyramids. |
|SALGLAND |Salivary Gland | |Non-human | |
| | | |Animal | |
|SECTN |Secretion | |Non-human |The production and release of a|
| | | |Animal |specific substance by a cell, |
| | | | |gland or organ into a cavity or|
| | | | |vessel or in a surrounding |
| | | | |medium. |
|SHELL |Shell | |Non-human |The hard outer covering, such |
| | | |Animal |as the calcareous, horny or |
| | | | |chitinous covering of an |
| | | | |animal. See also egg shell. |
|SKIN |Skin | |Non-human |The outer integument or |
| | | |Animal |covering of the body consisting|
| | | | |of the dermis and epidermis and|
| | | | |resting upon the subcutaneous |
| | | | |tissues. |
|SPLEEN |Spleen | |Non-human |A large gland-like but ductless|
| | | |Animal |organ which serves as a |
| | | | |reservoir of blood and produces|
| | | | |lymphocytes and plasma cells, |
| | | | |amongst other things. |
|STOMACH |Stomach | |Non-human |The musculomembranous expansion|
| | | |Animal |of the alimentary canal between|
| | | | |the oesophagus and the |
| | | | |duodenum. |
|TAIL |Tail | |Non-human |The appendage that extends from|
| | | |Animal |the posterior trunk of animals.|
|TEN |Tendons | |Non-human |Created for TGAL for Animal |
| | | |Animal |Ingredient Pre-Clearance. |
|TESTIS |Testis | |Non-human |The male gonad in which |
| | | |Animal |spermatozoa are produced. |
|THYMGAND |Thymus gland | |Non-human |A lymphoid organ involved in |
| | | |Animal |the maturation of T cells. |
|THYROID |Thyroid | |Non-human |An endocrine gland, which |
| | | |Animal |secretes the thyroid hormones |
| | | | |thyroxine and triiodothyronine.|
|TISSUE |Tissue | |Non-human |An aggregation of similarly |
| | | |Animal |specialised cells united in the|
| | | | |performance of a particular |
| | | | |function. |
|TRACHEA |Trachea | |Non-human |A fibrocartililaginous tube |
| | | |Animal |lined with mucous membrance |
| | | | |passing from the larynx to the |
| | | | |bronchi. |
|UMBICORD |Umbilical cord | |Non-human |The long, cylindrical structure|
| | | |Animal |connecting the foetus with the |
| | | | |placenta and containing the |
| | | | |umbilical arteries and vein |
| | | | |through with foetal blood |
| | | | |passes to and from the |
| | | | |placenta. |
|URETER |Ureter | |Non-human |The fibromuscular tube that |
| | | |Animal |conveys urine from the kidney |
| | | | |to the bladder. |
|URETHRA |Urethra | |Non-human |The membrane canal conveying |
| | | |Animal |urine from the bladder to the |
| | | | |outside of the body. |
|VALVE |Valve | |Non-human |A membranous fold in a canal or|
| | | |Animal |passage which prevents the |
| | | | |reflux on the contents passing |
| | | | |through it. |
|VEIN |Vein | |Non-human |A vessel through which blood |
| | | |Animal |passes from various organs and |
| | | | |parts back to the heart. |
|VENOM |Venom | |Non-human |A toxic substance normally |
| | | |Animal |secreted by a snake, insect or |
| | | | |other animals (octous, squid, |
| | | | |fish etc.) |
|VENTCAL |Ventricle | |Non-human |A small cavity, such as one of |
| | | |Animal |the several cavities of the |
| | | | |brain or one of the lower |
| | | | |chambers of the heart. |
|VERTEBRA |Vertebrae | |Non-human |Any bones in the spinal column.|
| | | |Animal | |
|WAX |Wax | |Non-human |A thick, tenacious substance, |
| | | |Animal |comprising oils, lipids or fats|
| | | | |that are solid but plastic at |
| | | | |room temperature and that are |
| | | | |secreted by or derived from |
| | | | |animals. |
|WHOLE |Whole | |Non-human |The entire insect or animal |
| | | |Animal; Fungi; |body, without the removal of |
| | | |Algae |any part, is used in the |
| | | | |preparation. Eg. usually small |
| | | | |insects such as bees or ants or|
| | | | |marine animals such as sponges,|
| | | | |etc. |
|WOOL |Wool | |Non-human |The fine, soft, curly hair, |
| | | |Animal |characterised by minute, |
| | | | |overlapping surface scales, |
| | | | |that forms the fleece of sheep |
| | | | |and certain other animals. |
6. Organism Preparation
|Code |Name |Description |
|DEC |Decoction |A “decoction” means an aqueous extract obtained by boiling |
| | |the herbal material, which is usually hard plant parts such |
| | |as roots, bark and woody fruits, and decanting, straining or |
| | |filtering to separate the fluid. (Compare with “infusion”.) |
| | |Ethanol and glycerol are often used as preservatives. |
|DECON |Decoction concentrate |A “decoction” means an aqueous extract obtained by boiling |
| | |the herbal material, which is usually hard plant parts such |
| | |as roots, bark and woody fruits, and decanting, straining or |
| | |filtering to separate the fluid. (Compare with “infusion”.) |
| | |Ethanol and glycerol are often used as preservatives. |
|DECONST |Decoction concentrate standardised |A “decoction” means an aqueous extract obtained by boiling |
| | |the herbal material, which is usually hard plant parts such |
| | |as roots, bark and woody fruits, and decanting, straining or |
| | |filtering to separate the fluid. (Compare with “infusion”.) |
| | |Ethanol and glycerol are often used as preservatives. |
|DECST |Decoction standardised |A “decoction” means an aqueous extract obtained by boiling |
| | |the herbal material, which is usually hard plant parts such |
| | |as roots, bark and woody fruits, and decanting, straining or |
| | |filtering to separate the fluid. (Compare with “infusion”.) |
| | |Ethanol and glycerol are often used as preservatives. |
|DIST |Distillate | |
|DISTCON |Distillate concentrate | |
|DRY |Dry |A “dry” preparation means a preparation where the herbal |
| | |material is dried but not |
| | |powdered. The material is often cut and crushed, but remains |
| | |identifiable under close visual inspection. |
|DRYST |Dry standardised |A “dry” preparation means a preparation where the herbal |
| | |material is dried but not |
| | |powdered. The material is often cut and crushed, but remains |
| | |identifiable under close visual inspection. |
|ESS |Essence | |
|EXDRY |Extract dry |A “dry extract” is prepared by evaporating a liquid extract |
| | |to dryness. The dried |
| | |extract is often adjusted to the desired strength by dilution|
| | |with an inert diluent such as lactose, starch or, where the |
| | |dry extractive is deliquescent, the absorbent diluent calcium|
| | |phosphate. |
|EXDRYC |Extract dry concentrate |A “concentrated extract” is prepared from more than 1 part of|
| | |the dry herbal |
| | |material for each 1 part of extract, eg. more than 1g of dry |
| | |herb is used to make each |
| | |1mL of liquid extract or each 1g of dry or soft extract. |
| | |A “dry extract” is prepared by evaporating a liquid extract |
| | |to dryness. The dried |
| | |extract is often adjusted to the desired strength by dilution|
| | |with an inert diluent such as lactose, starch or, where the |
| | |dry extractive is deliquescent, the absorbent diluent calcium|
| | |phosphate. |
|EXDRYCST |Extract dry concentrate standardised |A “concentrated extract” is prepared from more than 1 part of|
| | |the dry herbal |
| | |material for each 1 part of extract, eg. more than 1g of dry |
| | |herb is used to make each |
| | |1mL of liquid extract or each 1g of dry or soft extract. |
| | |A “dry extract” is prepared by evaporating a liquid extract |
| | |to dryness. The dried |
| | |extract is often adjusted to the desired strength by dilution|
| | |with an inert diluent such as lactose, starch or, where the |
| | |dry extractive is deliquescent, the absorbent diluent calcium|
| | |phosphate. |
|EXDRYST |Extract dry standardised |A “dry extract” is prepared by evaporating a liquid extract |
| | |to dryness. The dried |
| | |extract is often adjusted to the desired strength by dilution|
| | |with an inert diluent such as lactose, starch or, where the |
| | |dry extractive is deliquescent, the absorbent diluent calcium|
| | |phosphate. |
|EXLIQ |Extract liquid |A “liquid extract” is prepared either (a) by maceration or |
| | |percolation of the herbal |
| | |material with suitable solvent(s) and separation of the fluid|
| | |fraction, often by |
| | |straining or filtering or (b) by the addition of liquid |
| | |diluents(s) to a soft or dry |
| | |extract. In the first case, the liquid extract is usually |
| | |concentrated to the desired |
| | |strength by evaporating some of the solvent. |
|EXLIQC |Extract liquid concentrate |A “liquid extract” is prepared either (a) by maceration or |
| | |percolation of the herbal |
| | |material with suitable solvent(s) and separation of the fluid|
| | |fraction, often by |
| | |straining or filtering or (b) by the addition of liquid |
| | |diluents(s) to a soft or dry |
| | |extract. In the first case, the liquid extract is usually |
| | |concentrated to the desired |
| | |strength by evaporating some of the solvent. |
| | |A “concentrated extract” is prepared from more than 1 part of|
| | |the dry herbal |
| | |material for each 1 part of extract, eg more than 1g of dry |
| | |herb is used to make each |
| | |1mL of liquid extract or each 1g of dry or soft extract. |
|EXLIQCST |Extract liquid concentrate standardised |A “liquid extract” is prepared either (a) by maceration or |
| | |percolation of the herbal |
| | |material with suitable solvent(s) and separation of the fluid|
| | |fraction, often by |
| | |straining or filtering or (b) by the addition of liquid |
| | |diluents(s) to a soft or dry |
| | |extract. In the first case, the liquid extract is usually |
| | |concentrated to the desired |
| | |strength by evaporating some of the solvent. |
| | |A “concentrated extract” is prepared from more than 1 part of|
| | |the dry herbal |
| | |material for each 1 part of extract, eg. more than 1g of dry |
| | |herb is used to make each |
| | |1mL of liquid extract or each 1g of dry or soft extract. |
|EXLIQST |Extract liquid standardised |A “liquid extract” is prepared either (a) by maceration or |
| | |percolation of the herbal |
| | |material with suitable solvent(s) and separation of the fluid|
| | |fraction, often by |
| | |straining or filtering or (b) by the addition of liquid |
| | |diluents(s) to a soft or dry |
| | |extract. In the first case, the liquid extract is usually |
| | |concentrated to the desired |
| | |strength by evaporating some of the solvent. |
|EXSFT |Extract soft |A “soft extract” is prepared by evaporating the solvent from |
| | |a liquid extract until a |
| | |soft mass is obtained. |
|EXSFTC |Extract soft concentrate |A “soft extract” is prepared by evaporating the solvent from |
| | |a liquid extract until a |
| | |soft mass is obtained. |
| | |A “concentrated extract” is prepared from more than 1 part of|
| | |the dry herbal |
| | |material for each 1 part of extract, eg. more than 1g of dry |
| | |herb is used to make each |
| | |1mL of liquid extract or each 1g of dry or soft extract. |
|EXSFTCST |Extract soft concentrate standardised |A “soft extract” is prepared by evaporating the solvent from |
| | |a liquid extract until a |
| | |soft mass is obtained. |
| | |A “concentrated extract” is prepared from more than 1 part of|
| | |the dry herbal |
| | |material for each 1 part of extract, eg. more than 1g of dry |
| | |herb is used to make each |
| | |1mL of liquid extract or each 1g of dry or soft extract. |
|EXSFTST |Extract soft standardised |A “soft extract” is prepared by evaporating the solvent from |
| | |a liquid extract until a |
| | |soft mass is obtained. |
|FAT |Fat | |
|FRESH |Fresh |A preparation where the herbal material has been recently |
| | |picked and is not dried. The material may be cut, crushed or |
| | |juiced. |
|INFSN |Infusion |An “infusion” means an aqueous extract obtained by pouring |
| | |water onto herbal material and allowing it to stand before |
| | |decanting, straining or filtering. Usually, boiling water is |
| | |used on herbal material that does not include hard or wood |
| | |parts and the mixture stands for 10-15 minutes. (Compare with|
| | |a “decoction”). Ethanol and glycerol are often used as |
| | |preservatives. |
|INFSNST |Infusion standardised |An “infusion” means an aqueous extract obtained by pouring |
| | |water onto herbal material and allowing it to stand before |
| | |decanting, straining or filtering. Usually, boiling water is |
| | |used on herbal material that does not include hard or wood |
| | |parts and the mixture stands for 10-15 minutes. (Compare with|
| | |a “decoction”). Ethanol and glycerol are often used as |
| | |preservatives. |
|JU |Juice |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
|JUC |Juice concentrate |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
|JUCDR |Juice dry |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
| | |A “dry” preparation means a preparation where the herbal |
| | |material is dried but not |
| | |powdered. The material is often cut and crushed, but remains |
| | |identifiable under close visual inspection. |
|JUCDRST |Juice dry standardised |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
| | |A “dry” preparation means a preparation where the herbal |
| | |material is dried but not |
| | |powdered. The material is often cut and crushed, but remains |
| | |identifiable under close visual inspection. |
|JUCFR |Juice fresh |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
|JUCFRST |Juice fresh standardised |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
|JUCPW |Juice powder |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
| | |A “powder” means a preparation where the herbal material is |
| | |dried and ground to a powder. |
| | |Seed flour is a powder. No plant fragments remain |
| | |identifiable by visual inspection. |
|JUCPWST |Juice powder standardised |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
| | |A “powder” means a preparation where the herbal material is |
| | |dried and ground to a powder. |
| | |Seed flour is a powder. No plant fragments remain |
| | |identifiable by visual inspection. |
|JUCST |Juice concentrate standardised |A “juice” is a liquid obtained from plant parts with a high |
| | |water content, by mechanical |
| | |methods such as pressing. |
|LISTAFN |Listed Medicines exemption - Australian | |
| |Food Name | |
|OILES |Oil essential |An “essential oil” is largely or completely composed of |
| | |volatile oils usually |
| | |obtained through one or more distillations with steam, water |
| | |alone or water with |
| | |alcohol. The essential oils of citrus peels are obtained by |
| | |pressing. Citrus juice |
| | |“essence” oils are distilled. Essential oil “absolutes” are |
| | |prepared through an |
| | |extraction in a non-polar solvent and a second extraction in |
| | |alcohol. Volatile herbal |
| | |oils are a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and oxidation |
| | |products of hydrocarbons. |
| | |They gradually evaporate at room temperature and are often |
| | |aromatic. |
|OILFX |Oil fixed |A “fixed oil” is non-volatile and is usually prepared from |
| | |herbal material such as |
| | |seeds, by pressing or by extraction with a non-polar solvent |
| | |such as hexane. Fixed |
| | |oils are composed of lipids or lipid-soluble carbohydrates |
| | |and are prone to |
| | |becoming rancid on oxidation. |
|OILIN |Oil infused |An “infused oil” is initially absorbed from the herbal |
| | |material, such as petals, into |
| | |an oil or fat base, then recovered through successive |
| | |extractions in alcohol to obtain |
| | |a complex mixture including oils, resins and oleoresins. |
| | |Several methods may be |
| | |employed, including infusion into thin layers of oil to |
| | |obtain a pomade (enfleurage), |
| | |infusion into volatile oil carried in a current of warm air |
| | |(pneumatic) and digestion |
| | |in melted fat. |
|POW |Powder |A “powder” means a preparation where the herbal material is |
| | |dried and ground to a powder. |
| | |Seed flour is a powder. No plant fragments remain |
| | |identifiable by visual inspection. |
|POWST |Powder standardised |A “powder” means a preparation where the herbal material is |
| | |dried and ground to a powder. |
| | |Seed flour is a powder. No plant fragments remain |
| | |identifiable by visual inspection. |
|SPAG |Spagyric |A “spagyric” means a combination of preparations made from |
| | |the same herbal material, where the preparations are usually |
| | |two or more of the following: |
| | |a. essential oil |
| | |b. tincture, extract or distillate of an extract or tincture |
| | |c. spagyric ash |
|SPAGC |Spagyric concentrate |A “spagyric” means a combination of preparations made from |
| | |the same herbal material, where the preparations are usually |
| | |two or more of the following: |
| | |a. essential oil |
| | |b. tincture, extract or distillate of an extract or tincture |
| | |c. spagyric ash |
|SPAGCST |Spagyric concentrate standardised |A “spagyric” means a combination of preparations made from |
| | |the same herbal material, where the preparations are usually |
| | |two or more of the following: |
| | |a. essential oil |
| | |b. tincture, extract or distillate of an extract or tincture |
| | |c. spagyric ash |
|SPAGST |Spagyric standardised |A “spagyric” means a combination of preparations made from |
| | |the same herbal material, where the preparations are usually |
| | |two or more of the following: |
| | |a. essential oil |
| | |b. tincture, extract or distillate of an extract or tincture |
| | |c. spagyric ash |
|TINCT |Tincture |A “tincture” means an alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic liquid, |
| | |containing selected active |
| | |components of herbal material, and obtained by percolation or|
| | |maceration of the herbal material in alcohol or a |
| | |water-alcohol mixture. Usually 1 part of the dry herbal |
| | |material is used to make 4 or more parts of the tincture. |
| | |Tinctures are sometimes obtained by dilution of a liquid, |
| | |soft or dry extract. In contrast, “extracts” are more |
| | |concentrated and “infusions” and “decoctions” are extracted |
| | |in water. |
|TINCTST |Tincture standardised |A “tincture” means an alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic liquid, |
| | |containing selected active |
| | |components of herbal material, and obtained by percolation or|
| | |maceration of the herbal material in alcohol or a |
| | |water-alcohol mixture. Usually 1 part of the dry herbal |
| | |material is used to make 4 or more parts of the tincture. |
| | |Tinctures are sometimes obtained by dilution of a liquid, |
| | |soft or dry extract. In contrast, “extracts” are more |
| | |concentrated and “infusions” and “decoctions” are extracted |
| | |in water. |
|ATTENTED |Attenuated |Preparation is not pathogenic. |
|INACTIVE |Inactivated |Biological activity of the preparation has been destroyed. |
|KILLED |Killed |Preparation is unable to replicate. |
|LIQUID |Liquid | |
|LIVE |Live |Preparation is able to replicate. |
|PTCM |Prepared Traditional Chinese Medicine |Single Chinese herb prepared by traditional Chinese medicine |
| | |preparation procedures. Please refer to Pharmacopoeia of The|
| | |People's Republic of China (2000), Appendix II D and |
| | |monographs. |
7. Organism Type List
|Code |Description |Group |
|ALGAE |Algae |Algae |
|ARTHRO |Arthropod |Non-human Animal |
|BEAVER |Beaver |Non-human Animal |
|BEE |Bee |Non-human Animal |
|BIOTEC |Biotechnology |Non-human Animal |
|BIRD |Bird |Non-human Animal |
|BOVINE |Bovine |Non-human Animal |
|CANINE |Canine |Non-human Animal |
|COELEN |Coelenterate |Non-human Animal |
|CRUST |Crustacean |Non-human Animal |
|DEER |Deer |Non-human Animal |
|DONKEY |Donkey |Non-human Animal |
|ECHIN |Echinoderm |Non-human Animal |
|EQUINE |Equine |Non-human Animal |
|FELINE |Feline |Non-human Animal |
|FISH |Fish |Non-human Animal |
|FUNG |Fungi |Fungi |
|FOSSIL |Fossil |Non-human Animal |
|GERBIL |Gerbil |Non-human Animal |
|GOAT |Goat |Non-human Animal |
|GUINEA |Guinea Pig |Non-human Animal |
|HAMST |Hamster |Non-human Animal |
|KANG |Kangaroo |Non-human Animal |
|LEECH |Leech |Non-human Animal |
|MICRO |Micro-Organism |Bacterium |
|MOLLUS |Mollusc |Non-human Animal |
|MOUSE |Mouse |Non-human Animal |
|PLANT |Plant |Plant |
|PORCIN |Porcine |Non-human Animal |
|POULTRY |Poultry |Non-human Animal |
|PRIMAT |Primate |Non-human Animal |
|RABBIT |Rabbit |Non-human Animal |
|RAT |Rat |Non-human Animal |
|SEAL |Seal |Non-human Animal |
|SHARK |Shark |Non-human Animal |
|SHEEP |Sheep |Non-human Animal |
|SKUNK |Skunk |Non-human Animal |
|SNAKE |Snake |Non-human Animal |
|SPONGE |Sponge |Non-human Animal |
|MAMM |Mammals |Non-human Animal |
|REP |Reptiles |Non-human Animal |
8. References
|Reference Code | Description |
|AIN |Naumann, I. CSIRO Handbook of Australian Insect Names |
|BAN |British Approved Names |
|BHC |British Herbal Compendium |
|BHP |British Herbal Pharmacopoeia |
|BMSB |Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol. 1 (1984), Vol. 2 (1986), Vol. 3 (198#), Vol. 4 |
| |(198#) |
|BP |British Pharmacopoeia |
|BPAP |British Pharmacopoeia - Appendix |
|BPC |The Pharmaceutical Codex (12th Edition) (formerly British Pharmaceutical Codex) |
|CABI |Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition |
| |Edited by P.M. Kirk, CABI Bioscience, UK Centre, Egham, UK; P.F. Cannon, CABI Bioscience, UK |
| |Centre, Egham, UK; J.C. David, CABI Bioscience, UK Centre, Egham, UK; J.A. Stalpers, |
| |Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands |
|CAS |Chemical Abstracts Service |
|CDER |Inactive Ingredient Guide, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. |
| |; |
| | |
|CFDR |Canadian Food and Drug Regulation. |
|CFFM |Common Fragrance and Flavour Materials |
|CHEMID |ChemIDplus |
|CI |Colour Index (Society of Dyers and Colourists) |
|CIR |2003 CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient|
| |safety assessments. |
|EC-FL |Commission Decision 2002/113/EC of 23 January 2002 - PART A Flavouring Substances |
|EP |European Pharmacopoeia 3 |
|EPA |EPA, Substance Registry System (SRS) |
|FCC |Food Chemicals Codex 4 |
|FDA |EAFUS: A Food Additive Database |
|FDLR |Fiedler Encyclopedia of Excipients for Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics and Related Areas 5th ed. |
|FEMA |FEMA |
|FV |Fields Virology (3rd edition, 1996) |
|GRIN |Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database] |
|HOC |McGuffin M., Kartesz J.T., Leung A.Y., Tucker A.O., editors. Herbs of Commerce. 2nd ed. USA: The |
| |American Herbal Products Association; 2000. |
|ICBN |International Code of Botanical Nomenclature |
|ICH |International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of |
| |Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Guidance for Industry Q3 Impurities: Residual Solvents |
|ICID |International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (CTFA) |
|IF |Index of Fungi |
|IJFM |International Journal of Food Microbiology |
|IJSB |International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology |
|INN |International Nonproprietary Names |
|IP |International Pharmacopoeia 3 |
|IUPAC |Principles of Chemical Nomenclature: a Guide to IUPAC Recommendations |
|JECFA |WHO/FAO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) - Monographs & Evaluations cited |
| |[2004-2005] |
|KIBBE |Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 3rd ed. |
|MAR |Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia 31 |
|MI |Merck Index 12 |
|MMR |Marine Mammal Regulations |
| |SOR/93-56 |
| |Registration 4 February, 1993 |
| |Source: |
| |Regulation current to February 21, 2006 |
|NF |The US National Formulary 24 |
|NHPDM |NHPD Compendium of Monographs |
|PFC |Perfumes and Flavour Chemicals |
|TGA |APPROVED TERMINOLOGY FOR MEDICINES |
|TPDCATIV |Nonprescription Drugs: Category IV Monographs. |
| | |
|USAN |United States Adopted Name |
|USP |United States Pharmacopoeia 29 |
|VIR |Murphy, F.A. et al. Virus Taxonomy (6th Report of the ICTV) |
|IIG |Inactive Ingredient Guide (Redacted) January 1996: |
|HCSF |Health Canada Food and Drug Regulations Schedule F (Sections C.01.001, C.01.041 to C.01.047, |
| |C.01.601 and C.10.005) |
|WIL |Willard, T. The Wild Rose Scientific Herbal |
|PCD |Phytochemical Dictionary |
|DUKE |Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. |
| |CRC Press. |
|IF-WEB |Index Fungorum |
|ALB |Algaebase |
|ZB |ZooBank |
|ITIS |Integrated Taxonomic Information System |
|CP |Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China |
|CMM |The Chinese Materia Medica |
|FB |FishBase |
|ION |Index to Organism Names |
|UNAVA |Temporarily Unavailable |
|MSDS |Material Safety Data Sheet |
|PUBCHEM |Database of Chemical Molecules |
|EFSA |European Food Safety Authority |
|API |Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India |
|DAB |Deutsches Arzneibuch (German Pharmacopoeia) |
|DAC |Deutscher Arzneimittel-Codex Ergänzungsbuch zum Arneibuch (German Drug Codex Supplement to the |
| |Pharmacopoeia) |
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