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Developmental TheoryAge-Crime CurveWhat it is, when offending peaks (property and violent crime)Why it might not accurately reflect when crime starts and the nature of antisocial behavior over the lifecourseStability and ChangeRobbins study, year to year correlations, etc (how stable is crime)Antisocial kids who straighten out, adults aging out (change)Cumulative and contemporary continuity as an explanation for stabilityTheories of continuity and changeGottfredson and Hirschi as stability onlySampson and Laub as stability AND changeDon’t need whole theory (especially early stuff)…know adult social bondsMoffitt as stability OR changeWhat causes AL offendingWhat causes LCP offendingLittle, if anything, regarding the first part of the chapter (career criminals and so forth) is on the examViolenceDefine forms of violence (rape, robbery, homicide, assault/aggravated assault)—basic facts (e.g., committed by strangers or not, use of firearms or not)Know basic trends/dataHas violence been increasing or decreasing?HomicideHomicide rate in U.S. (and trend), number of homicides in a typical yearU.S. vs. other countriesRole of firearms, gun control How the typical homicide unfoldsVictim precipitationRapeDrugs used to rapeReporting issues (underreported)Legal issues (marital rape, initial consent rape, etc)Levels of rape (lifetime prevalence, college campus study)Motivations for rapeRobberyTrendsRobbery victims (most vulnerable)Robber characteristics (how different from other crimes)Assault/aggravated assault (difference between them)TrendsPrevalence (compared to other violent offenses)Property CrimeDefine all type of property crimeBurglary vs. robbery FenceMost common types of property crimeNCVS vs. UCR measures of burglaryClearance rates for most property offenses Public Order offensesDefineTypes and examples How policing is related to public order offenses Drug CrimesTypes of drug crimes (e.g., drug related and so forth)…don’t worry about “Goldstein Models”Legalization debate (basic parameters)History of drug useHow far back does drug use goDrug panicsAmerican use/trendsSources of drug data What drugs to Americans use regularly and what percent (generally) regularly use soft and hard illicit drugs (see slide)White collar and organized crimeOrganized CrimeTypes (e.g., mafia vs. other forms)Activities of organized crime families Alien conspiracy vs. ethnic group/family modelsAttempts to control (federal legislation, strategies) Define WCC and typesOrganizational, Corporate, Occupational Examples of famous cases/scandalsWCC vs. street crime (which causes more harm?)Law EnforcementHistoryFirst police departments (where formed, why, what were first departments like)Organization State, Federal, County, Municipal Activities (effectiveness where appropriate)Patrol, investigationReactive/proactive“Bullshit work” or “handling the situation”Policing models (e.g., COP, POP, Broken windows) and how implemented Procedural laws (e.g., Miranda, exclusionary rule, etc.)CourtsStructure/organizationU.S. supreme court appointments/justices Types of courts Players in court and the jobs/roles of eachCourtroom Workgroup, Wedding cake model, administrative justiceSentencing guidelinesSentencing disparityCorrectionsHistoryNature of Colonial punishment, why build first prisons, PN vs AB modelsDeterminate vs. IndeterminateOrganization / typesJails vs. Prison (differences, how used)Federal vs. StateLevels and trends# inmates in prison and jail% on probation vs. prisonIntermediate sanctionsTypes, effectiveness ................
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