Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the topographic ...



|Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the topographic map below, which shows the elevation of |

|land in feet above sea level. Points A, B, and C are locations on the map. |

|[pic] |

|1. A camper walked from point A to point B by taking a path shown by the dotted line. What is the approximate distance the camper walked? |

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|(1) 1.5 miles (2) 2.5 miles (3) 3.0 miles (4) 3.5 miles |

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|2. What is a possible elevation of point C? |

|(1) 75 feet (2) 85 feet (3) 95 feet (4) 105 feet |

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|3. In which diagram are the layers of Earth correctly labeled? |

|[pic] |

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|4. The map below shows the four major time zones in the continental United |Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the |

|States. |diagram below, which shows a model of Earth’s |

| |interior. |

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| |8. What information did scientists study in order to |

| |develop this model? |

| |(1) recordings of earthquake waves |

| |(2) locations of recent volcanic activity |

|If it is 9 a.m. in the Eastern Time Zone, what time is it in the Pacific Time |(3) core samples from seafloor drillings |

|Zone? |(4) fossils found in rocks |

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|(1) 3 a.m. (3) 6 p.m. |9. Many scientists believe that crustal plate movement |

|(2) 6 a.m. (4) 9 p.m. |occurs because of convection cells contained in Earth’s: |

| | |

| |(1) crust |

| |(2) mantle |

| |(3) outer core |

| |(4) inner core |

| | |

|5. In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the | |

|largest percentage of Earth’s atmosphere? | |

|(1) hydrogen, helium, and water vapor | |

|(2) hydrogen, methane, and ozone | |

|(3) carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen | |

|(4) carbon dioxide, methane, and helium | |

| | |

|6. The thin layer of water that covers most of |10. The surface of Earth is covered mostly by: |

|Earth’s surface is called the: | |

|(1) atmosphere (3) lithosphere |(1) solid rock (3) ice |

|(2) hemisphere (4) hydrosphere |(2) molten rock (4) water |

| | |

|7. Oceans, glaciers, lakes, and rivers are part of |11. The surface of Earth is covered by a relatively |

|Earth’s: |thin layer of water called the: |

|(1) atmosphere |(1) crust |

|(2) hemisphere |(2) mantle |

|(3) hydrosphere |(3) hydrosphere |

|(4) lithosphere |(4) atmosphere |

12.

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13.

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16.

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|Base your answers to questions 17 through 19 on the |18. Which instrument dial shows a correct air pressure |

|chart below, which shows various data collected |reading for Albany, New York, for this date and time? |

|and predicted for Albany, New York, |[pic] |

|on March 9, 2001. | |

|[pic] | |

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|17. The chart shows information about Moon phases, | |

|times of sunrise and sunset, and: | |

|(1) climate patterns | |

|(2) local weather conditions | |

|(3) seasonal changes | |

|(4) global warming | |

| |19. Which diagram correctly shows the position of |

| |the Moon with respect to Earth on March 9, 2001? |

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| |[pic] |

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|20. The streaks in the time-lapse photograph below |23. The diagram below shows four objects and their |

|show the apparent motion of the stars around |orbits around the Sun, as seen from space. |

|the North Star during one hour. |[pic] |

|[pic] |Which statement is true about all of the objects |

|This apparent motion of the stars can best be |shown in the diagram? |

|explained by Earth’s: |(1) They produce their own light. |

|(1) rotation on its axis |(2) They belong to our solar system. |

|(2) tilted axis |(3) They are composed mostly of gases. |

|(3) revolution around the North Star |(4) They are the same distance from the Sun. |

|(4) changing distance from the North Star | |

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|21. The diagram below shows Earth as seen from |24. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed from |

|space. Letters A through D are locations on |space. |

|Earth’s surface. |[pic] |

|[pic] |Which season is occurring in the Northern |

|When Earth is in this position, which location |Hemisphere? |

|would experience the greatest number of daylight |(1) summer (3) winter |

|hours? |(2) autumn (4) spring |

|(1) A (3) C | |

|(2) B (4) D | |

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|22. The length of a year is equivalent to the time it |25. What is one factor that contributes to seasons |

|takes for one: |occurring in New York State? |

|(1) rotation of Earth |(1) the revolution of the Moon around Earth |

|(2) rotation of the Sun |(2) the tilt of Earth on its axis |

|(3) revolution of Earth around the Sun |(3) the rising and falling of ocean tides |

|(4) revolution of the Sun around Earth |(4) the distance of Earth from the Sun |

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|26. A student drew the pictures below to show how the Moon looked from Earth over a |29. The diagram below shows a portion of the solar |

|two-week period. |system as seen from space. |

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|[pic] | |

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|The differences shown in the student’s drawings are mostly due to the changing: | |

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|(1) distance between Earth and the Moon | |

|(2) speed of the Moon in its orbit | |

|(3) position of the Moon in its orbit | |

|(4) position of the observer on Earth |For which object is the lighted surface shown |

| |incorrectly? |

| |(1) Moon (3) Venus |

| |(2) Mercury (4) Earth |

|27. The graph below shows the water levels that result from tidal action over a | |

|24-hour period. |30. The illustration below shows the Moon orbiting |

| |Earth and Earth orbiting the Sun. |

| |[pic] |

| |Which force is responsible for these orbiting |

| |motions? |

| |(1) friction |

| |(2) electricity |

| |(3) magnetism |

| |(4) gravity |

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|What was the approximate height of the water on the tide marker at 6 p.m.? | |

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|(1) 4.3 ft (3) 8.5 ft | |

|(2) 5.4 ft (4) 11.2 ft | |

|28. The Moon is visible to observers on Earth |31. The gravitational force between two objects |

|because of: |depends on the distance between the objects |

| |and each object’s: |

|(1) reflected sunlight |(1) mass (3) pressure |

|(2) absorbed light from Earth’s atmosphere |(2) volume (4) temperature |

|(3) gases in the Moon’s interior | |

|(4) volcanic eruptions on the Moon’s surface | |

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|32. Which statement best explains why the Sun and |35. The graph below shows tide levels for two days at an ocean location. |

|the Moon appear to be about the same size in the sky? |[pic] |

|(1) The Sun and the Moon have the same |Approximately how many hours are between the high tide on Tuesday and the first |

|diameter. |high tide on Wednesday? |

|(2) The Moon is larger in diameter and farther | |

|from Earth than the Sun. |(1) 6 hours (3) 12 hours |

|(3) The Moon is smaller in diameter and is closer |(2) 9 hours (4) 18 hours |

|to Earth than the Sun. | |

|(4) The Sun and the Moon are the same distance | |

|from Earth. | |

|33. The diagram below shows four Moon phases |36. Approximately how long does it take to cycle |

|observed during July. |from one new Moon to the next new Moon? |

|[pic] |(1) a day (3) a month |

|On which date would the next New Moon |(2) a week (4) a year |

|occur? | |

|(1) August 5 (3) August 19 | |

|(2) August 10 (4) August 29 | |

| |37. The Moon has the greatest effect on Earth’s: |

| |(1) year |

| |(2) seasons |

| |(3) ocean tides |

| |(4) daylight hours |

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|34. The Sun appears to move across the sky during |38. The Sun appears larger than other stars because |

|the day. The best explanation for this apparent |of its: |

|motion is that Earth is: |(1) yellow color |

|(1) rotating on its axis |(2) high temperature |

|(2) revolving around the Sun |(3) distance from Earth |

|(3) much smaller than the Sun |(4) chemical composition |

|(4) tilted on its axis | |

|39. The diagram below shows the orbit of Halley’s Comet around the Sun as viewed from space. Earth’s orbit is also shown. |

|[pic] |

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|The only years shown in which Halley’s Comet could be viewed from Earth without the use of a telescope |

|were 1910 and 1986. What is the next year in which Halley’s Comet will be visible from the Earth without |

|the use of a telescope? |

|(1) 2010 (2) 2062 (3) 2086 (4) 2110 |

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|40. The gravitational force between the Moon and |42. Which body in our solar system is classified as a |

|Earth depends on: |star? |

|(1) their masses, only |(1) Earth (3) Venus |

|(2) their diameters, only |(2) Mars (4) Sun |

|(3) their masses and how far apart they are | |

|(4) their diameters and how far apart they are | |

|41. The diagram below shows Earth, as viewed | |

|from space, as it moves around the Sun. | |

| | |

|[pic] | |

|Approximately how long does it take Earth to | |

|move from position A to position B? | |

|(1) 1 year (3) 1 day | |

|(2) 6 months (4) 12 hours | |

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