When Chantel submitted her plan for her science …



7th Grade Science Review

1. Stanley Cupp is learning about two parts of the rock cycle: weathering and erosion. He needs to explain how weathering and erosion are different. Which of the following correctly describes the difference between weathering and erosion? [6.2]

A. Weathering is the movement of rocks by wind; erosion is the movement of rocks by water.

B. Weathering is the formation of rocks from lava; erosion is the weathered materials from an area.

C. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks; erosion is the movement of weathered materials.

D. Weathering is when rocks change from one type of rock to another; erosion is when rocks are broken down.

2. Bill Board is explaining the principle of “superposition” to his friend. Which of the following is the best explanation Bill could give? [6.4]

A. "Layers of rock are usually made of completely different substances."

B. "In an area of undisturbed rock, the oldest layers of rock will be on the bottom."

C. "The age of rocks can be determined by the ratio of radioactive isotopes present."

D. "To estimate the age of rocks accurately, use fossils embedded in the rock layers."

3. According to the most widely accepted hypothesis, what is the main force that causes tectonic plates to move? [6.5]

A. force of Earth's rotation C. gravitational pull of Earth's core

B. magnetic fields of Earth's crust D. convection currents in Earth's asthenosphere

4. In plants and animals, sexual reproduction causes variation within a species. This variation is vital to their survival. How does genetic variation affect a species' survival? [15.2]

A. A species with variation is more easily found by predators.

B. A species that shows more variation will have a longer life cycle.

C. A species that has no variation might eventually become extinct.

D. A species without variation will overpopulate and produce new species.

5. Each zebra has slightly different stripes that allow it to blend into the herd and confuse predators. Blending into the herd helps the zebras do which of the following? [15.2]

A. find water C. adapt and evolve

B. hunt for prey D. survive and reproduce

6. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with favorable traits will survive and reproduce, increasing those favorable traits in a population. Which of the following is the best example of a favorable trait which helps with survival that was developed by natural selection? [15.2]

A. a frog eating a fly C. a mouse burrowing a hole

B. a wolf hunting a deer D. a moth blending with a tree

7. Dennis Racket has two plants in her garden. One plant produces red flowers and the other plant produces white flowers. When Dennis crossed a true-breeding plant with white flowers with a true-breeding plant with red flowers, the offspring had pink flowers. What principle of heredity can explain why pink flowers are produced from this cross? [16.2]

A. co-dominance C. incomplete dominance

B. selective breeding D. environmental influence

8. In pea plants, purple flower color is dominant to white flower color. Reid Enright has pea plants in his garden. Most of them have purple flowers, while some have white flowers. If he crosses two pea plants that have white flowers, what color flowers will the resulting pea plants have? [16.2]

A. 100% purple C. 50% purple and 50% white

B. 100% white D. 75% purple and 25% white

9. In rabbits, brown fur color (F) is dominant to white fur color (f). If two rabbits with brown fur produce a baby with white fur, what are the genotypes of the parents? [16.2]

A. FF and Ff C. FF and FF

B. Ff and Ff D. ff and ff

10. If a homozygous tall (T) pea plant is crossed with a homozygous short (t) pea plant, what will their offspring look like? [16.2]

A. They will all be tall.

B. They will all be short.

C. Half of them will be tall and half will be short.

D. Three quarters of them will be tall and one quarter will be short

11. In humans, brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Barry Cade has brown eyes and her two sisters both have blue eyes. If the allele for brown eyes is (B) and the allele for blue eyes is (b), which of the following could be the genotypes of Barry's parents? [16.2]

A. BB and Bb C. bb and bb

B. Bb and bb D. BB and BB

12. In any ecosystem, the survival of a species depends on the resources that are available. Beneath the tree canopy in a tropical rainforest, growth of some plant species may be limited. The availability of which of these resources most likely limits the growth of plants on the ground level in this ecosystem? [17.3]

A. carbon dioxide C. sunlight

B. minerals D. water

13. Cleaner fish feed on parasites in a shark's mouth and gills. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the cleaner fish and the shark? [17.2]

A. competitive C. nonexistent

B. mutualistic D. parasitic

14. The food web below shows the relationships between the organisms in a forest ecosystem. If a drought occurs and kills off most of the grass, what is the most likely outcome? [17.1]

[pic]

A. The populations of all levels of consumers would decrease.

B. The primary consumers would have to adapt to eating each other.

C. Only the population of the secondary and tertiary consumers would decline.

D. The primary consumers would die and the secondary consumers would eat them.

15. Eilenne Mae Steele is studying the population changes of different organisms in a tropical rainforest. After looking at some long-term data, she notices that many years ago, a species of frog had a rapid increase in population, but then the population leveled off and has remained steady ever since.

Which of the following best explains why the frog population would remain steady instead of increasing? [17.3]

A. Predators started to eat the frogs instead of other animals.

B. The frogs probably caught various diseases that killed most of them off.

C. The frogs' growth was limited by the amount of sunlight the area received.

D. The resources were limited and could only support a certain number of frogs.

16. Sal Monella is explaining commensalism to her friend. Which statement correctly describes commensalism? [17.2]

A. "Two organisms have a relationship in which both organisms benefit."

B. "Two organisms have a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed."

C. "Two organisms have a relationship in which they are both fighting for the same resources."

D. "Two organisms have a relationship in which one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped."

17. While Justin Case is swimming at the pool, he uses the ladder to get out of the water. When he looks down at the water, he notices that the ladder appears bent at the point where it enters the water. This phenomenon is a result of which of the following? [10.2]

A. conduction C. reflection

B. diffraction D. refraction

18. Joe King claims to have made a new scientific discovery. However, while conducting her experiments, she did not keep accurate records or data. Which of the following should happen next? [1.2]

A. Society should accept the results, since a new discovery was made.

B. The whole procedure should be disregarded and is not worth repeating.

C. Emily should try to remember her results and write them down from memory.

D. The experiment should be repeated, this time keeping accurate records.

19. In the early 1900s, a scientist named Alfred Wegener proposed the idea that all the continents were once joined together into one supercontinent, which he called Pangaea. At first, this theory was rejected by society, but now it can be found in textbooks.

Which of the following most likely caused people to accept the theory that the continents were once all connected? [3.1]

A. A lot of scientific evidence was found that supported this theory.

B. Studies showed that each of today's continents has a unique ecosystem.

C. Another scientist wrote an article supporting this theory at the same time.

D. The continents started to move back into the shape of the original supercontinent.

20. One afternoon, Jed Dye go outside after it stops raining. The Sun comes out, and when he looks up, he can see a rainbow. Jed knows that the different colors of light in the rainbow come from waves that have different wavelengths.

If each color has a different wavelength, why is Jed Dye able to see all of the different colors at the same time? [10.3]

A. The light waves have the same amplitude.

B. The light waves all travel at the same speed.

C. The light waves all have the same frequency.

D. The light waves result in colors that blend together.

21. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown in the image below. Which of the following statements correctly compares ultraviolet and visible light? [10.1]

[pic]

A. Ultraviolet light has more energy than visible light.

B. Ultraviolet light has a lower frequency than visible light.

C. Ultraviolet light has a longer wavelength than visible light.

D. Ultraviolet light has smaller amplitude than visible light.

22. Kitty Litter placed a spoon into a glass. When she looked at the spoon under the water, it looked broken. Which best explains why this happens? [10.2]

[pic]

A. Light bounces off the spoon and causes refraction inside the water.

B. The water in the glass absorbs the light, causing a reflection of the spoon.

C. Light traveling through the air slows down when it moves through water, causing it to refract.

D. The water reflects light back out of the glass and bends as it travels around the perimeter of the spoon.

23. Chris P. Bacon is measuring sound waves as they travel through different materials. Which of the following will Petra find to be true about sound waves? [10.3]

A. They travel the slowest in dense solids

B. They travel the fastest in dense solids.

C. They will speed up as they travel from a liquid to the air.

D. They will slow up as they travel from a solid to liquid.

24. When an object moves, its energy changes form. When a ball bounces, it has changing amounts of potential energy and kinetic energy. Eventually, however, the ball will stop bouncing. Why does the ball stop bouncing? [11.2]

[pic]

A. The ball's energy gets used up each time it bounces.

B. The mass of the ball is too small to allow it to continue its own motion.

C. The ball's energy gets transferred to other energy types like heat and sound that don't help it bounce.

D. The pull of gravity is stronger than the energy in the ball, which makes the ball slow down to a stop.

25. Milo Minute is explaining the Law of Conservation of Energy to his friend. He is using a light bulb as an example. Which of the following statements best explains this law? [11.2]

A. "Electrical energy is destroyed to create light and thermal energy."

B. "Potential energy is used to create electrical energy and release light and thermal energy."

C. "Electrical energy is transformed into light and thermal energy and released to the surroundings."

D. "Electrical energy created by the light bulb is converted into light and thermal energy and used up by the surroundings."

26. Phil R’upp drops some of her ice cream sundae on a hot sidewalk. Which of the following correctly describes what happens next? [11.4]

A. The temperature of the sidewalk and the ice cream both remain unchanged.

B. The temperature of the ice cream increases as it sends cold into the sidewalk.

C. Heat from the sidewalk is transferred to the ice cream, increasing the temperature of the ice cream.

D. Cold from the ice cream is transferred to the sidewalk, decreasing the temperature of the sidewalk.

27. On a particularly cold winter day, Rick O’Shea takes a plate of hot food outside to eat lunch. His mother calls him back inside and he forgets the plate outside. Which of the following will happen next? [11.4]

A. Cold from the air gets inside the food until the food is the same temperature as the air.

B. Heat from the food transfers to the surrounding air until the food reaches the same temperature as the air.

C. Cold from the air moves into the food until the temperature of the food drops below the temperature of the air.

D. Heat from the food increases the temperature of the surrounding air until the air is the same temperature as the food.

28. Barry Cade is trying to determine the average kinetic energy of the particles in a bowl of gelatin.

He knows that kinetic energy is the energy of motion of particles in a substance. Which of the following measurements might Barry make to determine the average kinetic energy of the gelatin particles? [1.5]

A. 20 mL C. 20 g

B. 20°C D. 20 m/s

29. Which of the following experiments describes a controlled experiment? [1.4]

a. Studying rocks and fossils to determine the cause of dinosaur extinction.

b. Rolling a car down a ramp of different heights to determine if height affects speed.

c. Surveying students to see how music affects their ability to study.

d. Predicting the path of a hurricane.

30. In the four panels of drawings below, each panel shows animals living in the same area at different times. [17.1]

[pic]

Going from the bottom to the top panels, what behavior likely increased among the animals?

A. commensalism C. mutualism between two species

B. parasitic relationships D. competition for food and water

31. When Rufus Leaking was watching a tennis match on TV, the sports announcer said that the extremely cold air temperature was affecting the height that the tennis ball would bounce. Rufus decided to test that scientific claim. What is would be the independent variable in his investigation? [1.4]

A. The brand of tennis ball

B. The temperature of the tennis ball

C. The height that the tennis ball bounces

D. The height that the tennis ball is dropped.

32. Constance Noring wants to learn about the effect different amounts of sunlight have on plants. He sets up tables with eight different plants. Every part of his experiment should be the same except the variable he is testing. What is that variable? [1.4]

A. the type of plant

B. the amount of light each plant may have

C. the amount of water received by each plant

D. the amount of nutrients he gives each plant

33. Gene Poole understands that the food web illustrates the flow of energy between organisms with an ecosystem and that all of the energy within one organism is not transferred to the organism that eats it. What happens to the remaining energy that is not transferred when one organism is consumed by another? [17.1]

A. It is still within the system but being used in a different way.

B. It is lost from the system and cannot be recovered.

C. It was destroyed when the energy that was transferred left the system.

D. It was used to create new energy to replace the energy that left the system.

34. A particular type of fungus gets is nutrients by growing sticky structures when living roundworms move too close to them. The fungus will then trap the roundworms in their sticky structures when the worm is within reach. It then penetrates and digests the trapped roundworms. Which function describes the role of the fungus? [17.2]

A. Competitor B. Parasite

C. Herbivore D. Predator

35. When two dogs reproduce, two parent cells join together to form the offspring. Which of the following best describes how the offspring will appear? [16.1]

A. They will express only recessive traits.

B. They will be exactly like their parents.

C. They will share some traits with both parents, but will not be identical to either parent.

D. They will not express any dominant traits.

36. Which of the following best describes the availability of energy at each higher level in an energy pyramid? [17.1]

A. The amount of energy available to organisms increases.

B. The amount of energy available to organisms decreases.

C. The amount of energy available to organisms remains constant.

D. The amount of energy increases as the number of organisms becomes smaller.

37. Today, scientists know that variation happens as a result of the exchange of genetic information as it is passed from parent to offspring. Therefore, each offspring has its own combination of genes. Which of the following is true about inherited variation? [15.2]

F. Variation can influence separation.

G. Variation can influence selective breeding.

H. Variation can influence the resources that are available to an organism.

I. Variation can influence whether an organism is more likely to survive to reproduce.

38. A scientist repeated an experiment. The results from the second experiment were different from the results of the first experiment. What should the scientist do next? [1.2]

A. throw out the results of the first experiment

B. throw out the results of the second experiment

C. keep only the results that support the scientist’s hypothesis

D. check for differences between the two experiments

39. Rita Story was watching a baseball game the announcer mentioned that the very cold temperature affects the distance that the ball can be hit. Rita decided she would test this scientific claim.

What would the dependent variable be in her experiment? [1.4]

A. The temperature of the ball C. The brand of baseball used

B. The distance the ball is hit D. The type of bat used

40. Paige Turner places some ice cubes into freshly made tea that is still quite warm. Which of the following correctly describes what happens to the ice cubes? [11.4]

A. Some of the heat from the tea is transferred to the ice cubes and causes them to melt.

B. The temperature of the ice cubes remains the same as the temperature of the tea drops.

C. The cold from the ice cubes is transferred into the tea and causes the cubes to warm up and melt.

D. Heat is transferred between the ice cubes and the tea, which causes the temperature of the tea to increase

41. Which of the following statements describes an advantage of sexual reproduction? [15.2]

A. Organisms do not have to use energy to find a mate.

B. The combination of genetic information allows for variation within a population.

C. Many offspring are produced in a relatively short time.

D. Organisms that reproduce sexually depend on other organisms to reproduce.

42. Which of the following can scientists use fossil evidence to prove? [1.5]

A. Organisms have been changing over time.

B. All of the organisms that have ever lived on Earth have been discovered.

C. Organisms of the past are identical to those living today.

D. Organisms with bones and shells are more common than those that lack these structures.

43. Sunlight is composed of energy that is visible to humans and energy that is not visible to humans. Which statement describes how the visible energy from the Sun is different from the non-visible energy? [10.3]

A. It travels at a different speed. C. It has different wavelengths.

B. It travels a different distance. D. It has different amplitudes.

44. Which of these answers describes a scientific law? [3.1]

A. a specific relationship under given conditions in the natural world

B. an explanation of how particular events happen in the natural world

C. a well-supported and widely accepted explanation of nature

D. an interesting idea based on various concepts

45. What can scientists learn about fossils using techniques of absolute-age dating? [6.4]

A. precise ages of fossils in rock layers

B. estimated ages or fossils in rock layers

C. causes of fossil disappearance in rock layers

D. structural similarities to other fossils in rock layers

46. In the 1800s, Darwin proposed the Theory of Natural Selection, which states that organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and pass on their traits. This theory was controversial in Darwin's time. [3.1]

Which of the following is the best way that today's scientists should gather support for a new theory?

A. creating websites C. altering existing data

B. providing evidence D. publishing their ideas

47. A tern is a type of bird that dives underwater to catch fish. When a young tern begins learning to catch fish, the bird is rarely successful. The tern has to learn that when a fish appears to be in a certain place underwater, the fish is actually in a slightly different place. What wave interaction explains why the tern sees the fish in the wrong place? [10.3]

A. diffraction C. reflection

B. interference D. refraction

48. When solar radiation crosses space and moves toward Earth, it consists of many types of radiation. Together, these radiation types are known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Which of the following properties differentiates among the different types of radiation found in the electromagnetic spectrum? [10.1]

A. Amplitudes C. Temperatures

B. Wavelengths D. Chemical makeup

49. Two objects at different temperatures are in contact. Which of the following happens to their thermal energies? [11.4]

A. Their thermal energies remain the same.

B. Thermal energy passes from the cooler object to the warmer object.

C. Thermal energy passes from the warmer object to the cooler object.

D. Thermal energy passes back and forth equally between the two objects.

50. A shiny metal pot filled with water is sitting on an electric stove that is turned to high. Explain how heat is being transferred in the stove-pot-water system. [11.4]

A. Heat is being transferred from the stove to the pot through convection and from the pot to the water through conduction.

B. Heat is being transferred from the stove to the pot through conduction and from the pot to the water through radiation.

C. Heat is being transferred from the stove to the pot through radiation and from the pot to the water through radiation.

D. Heat is being transferred from the stove to the pot through conduction and from the pot to the water through conduction.

51. Use the figure below to respond to the following question. [6.4]

[pic]

According to the law of superposition, which of the layers would be the oldest?

A. Layer 2 B. Layer 5

C. Layer 11 D. Layer 12

52. This diagram shows the range of radiation types in the electromagnetic spectrum.

[pic]

According to the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum diagram, what type of radiation has a larger wavelength than those found in the visible light spectrum? [10.1]

A. Ultraviolet Light 
 C. Gamma Ray 


B. Infrared Light 
 D. X Ray 


53. Tad Pohl is tapping his pencil on a glass of water to make a sound. Through which of the following would a sound wave travel the fastest? [10.3]

A. the glass 
 C. water in the glass 


B. surrounding air 
 D. water vapor in the air

54. In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, there is a series of ridges, which form an underwater mountain chain. Why do these ridges form? [6.5]

A. Underwater earthquakes lift the sea floor into long ridges.

B. Sediments are deposited where the floor spreads, building ridges.

C. As the plates pull apart, magma moves to the surface, building ridges.

D. Ocean water pushes down on the surrounding sea floor, pushing up ridges.

55. In science, a theory is different from how we use the term "theory" to apply to everyday ideas. The statement, "It's only a theory" might mean something very different than "theory" when used as a scientific term. [3.1]

What is the best way to explain the word, "theory," when used in science?

A. In science, there is no difference between a law and a theory.

B. In science, there are few principles that can be considered theories.

C. In science, a theory is well supported by observations and/or experimental data.

D. In science, a theory is a completely accurate and reliable fact about natural events.

56. Ryan Carnation conducted a microbiology experiment and put his data into a table, which is shown below. Based on the data he collected, Ryan states that bacteria increased by 15 every 20 minutes. What would be the best thing for him to do next? [1.2]

[pic]

A. Write a conclusion for his experiment.

B. Design a hypothesis for the experiment.

C. Repeat his experiment and record the missing data.

D. Run the experiment for a longer amount of time.

57. Pedigree charts are often used to track a heritable condition or disease. A circle represents a female and a square represents a male. A shaded circle or square means that the person is affected by the disease. [16.2]

|[pic] | |

| |Based on the pedigree chart to the left, what can you conclude about the disease? |

| | |

| |A. Neither parent has the disease. |

| |B. Only males can get the disease. |

| |C. The disease is a dominant trait. |

| |D. Both offspring have the disease. |

58. The map below shows the locations of tectonic plates around the globe.

[pic]

Earthquakes can cause major changes to Earth’s surface to occur very quickly. Based on the map and the principles of how tectonic plates cause earthquakes in which of the following places is an earthquake most likely to occur? [6.5]

A. in Antarctica

B. in the center of the Eurasian Plate

C. in the center of the Pacific Ocean

D. along the edges of the Philippine Plate and the Eurasian Plate

59. The graph below shows how the population of Los Angeles, California, changed in the 1900s. [6.6]

[pic]

As the population of a city increases, human activity can impact the Earth in many ways. Based on the graph, what can you conclude about how the land space in Los Angeles changed during this period of time? [6.6]

A. Most of the land space was turned into natural areas.

B. Most of the land space was turned into rural areas.

C. More natural land space was covered by human structures.

D. Less natural land space was covered by human structures.

60. Different organisms reproduce in different ways. Some organisms are able to reproduce asexually while others are only able to reproduce sexually. What is one way that sexual reproduction is different from asexual reproduction? [16.1]

A. Sexual reproduction involves mitosis, while asexual reproduction does not.

B. Sexual reproduction involves meiosis, while asexual reproduction does not.

C. Sexual reproduction produces more offspring than asexual reproduction.

D. Sexual reproduction produces offspring with less variation than asexual reproduction.

61. Plants, fungi, and many single-celled organisms are able to reproduce asexually. What is a main characteristic of asexual reproduction? [16.1]

A. offspring that are genetically unique

B. offspring that are not able to reproduce

C. only one parent organism that is required

D. sperm and egg that join through fertilization

62. When Dusty Rhodes was studying for his Earth Science class, he asked his friend Cesar to quiz him about the rock cycle. Cesar presented Dusty with a scenario. Imagine that a large area of sedimentary rock gets moved deeper into Earth’s crust through tectonic plate movement. There, rising temperatures and high pressure change the rock. Eventually the rock melts from the high temperatures and pressure. After some time in those conditions, there is a time of cooling. Cesar asked Dusty to predict what kind of rock there will be at the end of all these steps. What should Dusty predict? [6.2]

A. magma C. sedimentary rock

B. igneous rock D. metamorphic rock

63. Crystal Claire Waters’ mom works as a scientist as the Space Center. She tells Crystal that a rocket requires a large amount of energy to launch. The required energy is generated by burning liquid fuel. [11.2]

|[pic] | |

| |Which type of energy is stored in the liquid fuel? |

| | |

| |A. kinetic energy |

| |B. thermal energy |

| |C. chemical energy |

| |D. electrical energy |

64. When April Schauer went on a road trip with her family, they drove through some dramatic mountain chains in a national park. April wanted to understand how mountains form, so she did some reading about mountain building. Once she understood the process of mountain building, she could make an inference about what happened in that national park millions of years ago. What must have happened in the national park? [6.5]

A. Erosion must have moved all the surrounding rock to expose the rock that remains to make up the mountain chain.

B. Tectonic plates in Earth’s crust must have collided with each other, and one of the plates was pushed far up above the other one.

C. Weathering must have occurred to break down all the rock that was surrounding the hard rock that remains to make up the mountain chain.

D. Tectonic plates in the Earth’s crust must have slowly eroded over time, exposing the remaining rock that currently makes up the mountain chain.

65. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum. However, different kinds of electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths. For example, microwaves have longer wavelengths than visible light. How is it possible for both microwaves and visible light to travel at the same speed in a vacuum if they have different wavelengths? [10.1]

A. Microwaves and visible light have the same energy.

B. Microwaves and visible light have different frequencies.

C. The waves of visible light have less energy than microwaves.

D. The distance between a point on one wave to the identical point on the next wave is the same for both microwaves and visible light.

66. The graphs below show the wavelengths of four types of electromagnetic waves. [10.1]

|[pic] | |

| | |

| |Which graph most likely illustrates radio waves? |

| | |

| |A. A |

| |B. B |

| |C. C |

| |D. D |

67. Which of the following is a positive effect humans have had on wetlands, such as the Everglades? [6.6]

A. Farming has introduced harmful chemicals into the wetlands.

B. Water has been diverted from wetlands to farms and homes.

C. New organisms brought to the wetlands compete with native organisms.

D. Laws have been passed to protect wetlands

68. Scientific laws describe specific and limited natural occurrences on Earth. Which of the following would be an example of a scientific law? [3.1]

A. The Moon was formed from a piece of Earth.

B. Tectonic plates move due to convective currents.

C. Receding glaciers formed the large lakes in the northern US.

D. Chemical reactions never destroy matter but only rearrange it.

69. The oldest rock formation identified on Earth is found on the shoreline of Hudson Bay in Canada.

This rock formed 4.28 billion years ago. What information does a scientist need to more accurately determine the age of a rock? [6.4]

A. the percentage of each mineral that makes up the rock

B. the thickness of younger rock layers that cover the rock

C. the amount of each radioactive element present in the rock

D. the amount of weathering present on the surface of the rock

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