Financial Stability Report - Federal Reserve

Financial Stability Report

May 2022

BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM

The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States. It performs five key functions to promote the effective operation of the U.S. economy and, more generally, the public interest.

The Federal Reserve conducts the nation's monetary policy to promote maximum employment and stable prices in the U.S. economy; promotes the stability of the financial system and seeks to minimize and contain systemic risks through active monitoring and engagement in the U.S. and abroad; promotes the safety and soundness of individual financial institutions and monitors their impact on the financial system as a whole; fosters payment and settlement system safety and efficiency through services to the banking industry and the U.S. government that facilitate U.S.-dollar transactions and payments; and promotes consumer protection and community development through consumer-focused supervision and examination, research and analysis of emerging consumer issues and trends, community economic development activities, and administration of consumer laws and regulations.

To learn more about us, visit aboutthefed.htm.

Financial Stability Report

May 2022

BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM

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Contents

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Asset Valuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Box 1.1. Recent Liquidity Strains across U.S. Treasury, Equity Index Futures, and Oil Futures Markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Box 1.2. LIBOR Transition Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2 Borrowing by Businesses and Households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 Leverage in the Financial Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4 Funding Risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Box 4.1. Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Box 4.2. Commodity Market Stresses following Russia's Invasion of Ukraine. . . . . . . . . . . . 48

5 Near-Term Risks to the Financial System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Box 5.1. Stresses in China's Real Estate Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Box 5.2. Survey of Salient Risks to Financial Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Appendix: Figure Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Note: This report generally reflects information that was available as of April 25, 2022.

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Purpose

This report presents the Federal Reserve Board's current assessment of the resilience of the U.S. financial system. By publishing this report, the Board intends to promote public understanding and increase transparency and accountability for the Federal Reserve's views on this topic.

Promoting financial stability is a key element in meeting the Federal Reserve's dual mandate for

monetary policy regarding full employment and stable prices. In an unstable financial system,

adverse events are more likely to result in severe financial stress and disrupt the flow of credit,

leading to high unemployment and great

financial hardship. Monitoring and assessing

financial stability also support the Federal Reserve's regulatory and supervisory activities, which promote the safety and soundness of our nation's banks and other important financial institutions. Information gathered while monitoring the stability of the financial system helps the Federal Reserve develop its view of the salient risks to be included in the scenarios of the stress tests and its setting of the countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB).1

More on the Federal Reserve's Monitoring Efforts

See the Financial Stability section of the Federal Reserve Board's website for more information on how the Federal Reserve monitors the stability of the U.S. and world financial systems.

The website includes

? a more detailed look at our monitoring framework for assessing risk in each category;

The Board's Financial Stability Report is similar

? more data and research on related topics;

to those published by other central banks and complements the annual report of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), which is chaired by the Secretary of the Treasury and includes the Federal Reserve Board Chair and

? information on how we coordinate, cooperate, and otherwise take action on financial system issues; and

? public education resources describing the importance of our efforts.

other financial regulators.

1 More information on the Federal Reserve's supervisory and regulatory activities is available on the Board's website; see the Supervision and Regulation Report () as well as the webpages for Supervision and Regulation () and Payment Systems (). Moreover, additional details about the conduct of monetary policy are also on the Board's website; see the Monetary Policy Report ( mpr_default.htm) and the webpage for Monetary Policy ().

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