A (excl) listen



a (excl) listen!; hark!; oops!

aa1 (excl) yes, I know; I agree (expresses listener’s agreement with inference to storyteller or speaker) § also aaŋ, ii

aaqanuq (adv) I guess so; maybe so; perhaps § rel qanuq, ail,l,ukiaq

aa2 (excl) (expresses exasperation, criticism or dismay over what another person does or says [said in breathy voice])

aakhaa (excl) it’s not right!; you’re lying! (expresses disagreement with another person’s statement) § also aaqhaaŋ § rel saglu-, uumaa

aallalii (excl) shame on you!; not like that! (expresses disapproval) § var. al,l,ai

aa- (i) to cry violently, becoming physically rigid, followed by temporary unconsciousness due to interrupted breathing (usually of a baby) / miqłiqtuuraq kataktaqłuni aaruq the baby is having a spasm because he fell; miqłiqtuuraq anniqami naakka qinnałłakami qiaġutisaġniallaġmi aasuuruq, taimmaasii aniqsaaġluqqaaqtumi siquiññaqhuni when a baby hurts himself or has a sudden tantrum, he bursts out crying, sucks in his breath and is out of breath sometimes for a long time, then the minute he starts breathing again he usually goes right to sleep

aamaŋa- or aamaŋaaq- (i) to be mildly retarded; to be stupid by nature; to pay no heed to one’s surroundings; to be clumsy, obtuse, imperceptive and dull / aamaŋaaqsiaqsil,gitkaa imġum his drinking is making him imperceptive again; aamaŋavluni puiguġaqtuq sumiitilaamiñik he forgets where he is because he is mildly retarded | +ma-1 vv (ŋa- vv or +ma-1 vv (ŋa- +-aq-1 vn, vv

aamit- (i) to become unaware of what is going on; to become unconscious or obtuse | +mit- vv § rel alapit-, qaurimaiq-

aanŋu- (i) to feel faint | -nŋu- vv

aanŋuq- (i) to be knocked unconscious, knocked out; (t) to knock him/her/it unconscious | +nŋuq- nv § rel avaaq-, qaurimaiq-

aanŋuraġaq- (i) to feel faint frequently, intermittently | -nŋu- vv +t/raġaq- vv

aaŋayaaq- (i) to be partially conscious, lightheaded, not clearheaded | (ŋa- vv +yaaq-1 vv

aaŋayaaŋa- (i) to be partially conscious, lightheaded, not clearheaded | | (ŋa- vv +yaaq-1 vv (ŋa- vv

aaqsallaiġaq- (i) to keep repeating the action of laughing so hard that one runs out of breath | +q-7 vv +saq-2 vv +lla- vv +aq-1 vv

aaqsallaiq- (i) to laugh so hard that one runs out of breath; to be unable to stop laughing / mitaaqłuni aaqsallaiqsitkai he is making them laugh continuously with his jokes | +q-7 vv +saq-2 vv +lla- vv :Iq-2 vv

aaraġaq- (i) to keep crying repeatedly, violently, becoming physically rigid, followed by temporary unconciousness due to interrupted breathing (usually of a baby) | +raġaq-1 vv

aagiaq prong of an antler; tine / tuttum nagruata aagiaŋanik niksil,iuqsimaraani he made a fishhook out of the tine of a caribou antler for me | +iaq3 n

aagiuraq (Nu) prong of an antler; tine | =uraq1 nn § rel isaġutaq

Aagruuk (dual) a constellation known as the Morning Star, is actually a combination of two stars [a large bright one above a much smaller, less brighter one ; the larger star is Venus “Uvluġiaqpak=a big star”; together these two stars are also known as “Ayaqhaaġnail,aq=time when you can not play string games” which appear above the horizon in late December, an indication that the Solstice is past and that the days will soon grow longer; (MacQuire Journals edited by John Bockstoce 1984: “Vega and two other stars not visible agru-la-wik so called from rising at certain seasons just before daylight.”)]

AagruliġvIk December (lit. “time when the two stars (Aagruuk) appear”) | -lIq-1 vv +vIk1 vn § rel. (Ti) Umigraġvik (Nu) Siqiñġil,aq Ayaligvik

aagun or aaksiñ or aaksiññaq a knife used to skin an animal for use as a sealpoke | :un1 vn, +sI-3 vv ‘-ti1 +siññaq vn § see aak-

aaġaaliq (Ti) oldsquaw duck (Clangula hyemalis) § see aaqhaalIq

aaġaaq- (i) to make the sound “aa”, the call of the loon | -q-2 nv +aq-1 vv -.q-2 nv

aaġaayIq legendary little person with a big head who travels by bouncing on his hips § rel naaġaayIq

aaġirak (dual) aaġirrak upper back between the shoulder blades; shoulder bone / aaġiamigun anniutchiqsuq he has developed a pain between his shoulder blades § rel aaq-

aaġlu killer whale (Grampus rectipinna) | perhaps +lu(q)2 n

aaġliñġu- (i) to avoid a pursuing killer whale (as of a beluga escaping to shallow water) | -liñġu- nv

aaġlum iñua hump on back of killer whale [lit. the person/spirit of a killer whale] | +m (rel mkr) iñuk=person :a (abs poss 3s-3s)

aaġluq- (i) to look up; to raise one’s chin; to throw one’s head back; (t) to raise her/his chin upward; to raise it into an upright position § rel. aaq-

aaġluġaq- (i) to look up, raise one’s chin repeatedly | +aq-1 vv

aaġuraq1 one of the stones for a bola [Spencer 1959, p.285; “The most important household amulet was the aaroraq, that placed over the subterranean entrance of the house. This was generally a round stone, described as about the size of a man’s fist, and perforated. Not every house had one and no details could be obtained as to how a house acquired one. The purpose of the charm was to work to related to curing, first as a means of keeping illness from the house and second, as a non-shamanistic curing agent. When a member of the household became ill, the aaroraq was taken down from its place above the door descending into the hall and was rubbed over the affected parts of the sick person. Actually, this charm gave rise to a small curing ceremonial in which the activities associated with curing were communal rather than the individualistic ones performed by the shaman. A group of relatives and neighbors assembled outside the house and a fire was built for them there by the members of the household in which the sickness appeared.”]

aaġuraq(-)2 sealing club; (t) to club it=a seal @ aaġuraI- / natchiq aaġuraġaa he clubs the seal § rel. aa-, aaq-

aahaalIq (Nu) oldsquaw duck (Clangula hyemalis) § see aaqhaalIq

aahaaliġñaq (Nu) western harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) | +naq3 nn

aak- (t) to skin it=animal without cutting the fur (usually the incision is made around the lips then the skin is pulled back turning the skin inside out) @ aaksI- § rel. nayuk-

aagun or aaksiñ or aaksiññaq a knife used to skin an animal for use as a sealpoke | :un-1 vn, +sI-3 vv ‘-ti1 +siññaq vn

aaktaq skin removed, uncut, from an animal; item made from a skin which has been removed uncut / aaktaq tiġiganniam amia tutquġaa he is putting the uncut foxskin away for future use | +t/raq4 vn

aaka mother / aakaa ikayuquraa igña aġnaq uvamnun my mother requests that I help that woman

aakaa (irreg rel pos) my mother; my mother’s / aakaa ikayuġniaġaaŋa my mother will help me; aakaa nukaalua tikiññiqsuaq my mother’s younger sibling arrived, it is now known | +a (poss rel. 1s-3s)

aakaaluk grandmother | -aluk nn § rel. aana, aanaaluk, aakaksraq

aakaaq- to say “mother” |

aakaksraq stepmother | +ksraq(-)1 nn, vv

aakaruaq mother-in-law | +ruaq2 nn § rel. aanaruaq

aakatchiaq elder sister | +tchiaq(-)1 nn see aatauraq, aataq

aakiaq eldest sister § also aakatchiaq, aatauraq

aakhaa (excl) it’s not right, you lie! § see aa2 saglu-

aakkuu a chant (for playing a game where opponents face each other and an object is used for the opposing team member to come and get, doing what the opposition tells you to do and without smiling or laughing)

aakkuuq- (i) to play a game where opponents face each other and an object is used for the opposing team member to come and get doing what the opposition tells you to do and without smiling or laughing | +q-5 nv

aakupak main decoration on a ring or bracelet, e.g. a stone or a diamond § rel. uyamik

aalġu- (i) to menstruate

aalġunaq menstruation | +naq2 vn

aallalii (excl) shame on you!; not like that! § see aa2

aalumii or aalumiaq sea snail; brown hairless worm?

aamaŋa- or aamaŋaaq- (i) to be mildly retarded; to be stupid by nature; to pay no heed to one’s surroundings; to be clumsy, obtuse, imperceptive and dull § see aa-

aamit- (i) to become unaware, unconscious § see aa-

aana or aanaaluk grandmother; great-aunt / aanani aatchigaa niqiksraŋanik he is bringing food to his grandmother § also aakaaluk

aanaa (irreg rel pos) my grandmother

aanaak set of parents | +k (dual mkr)

aanail,l,I- (i) to do what one usually does not do when a mother figure is around | :It-2 nv +lI-3 vv

aanaluk old woman | +luk2 nn

aanaruaq mother-in-law | +ruaq2 nn § rel. aakaruaq

aanaruiñ suliuqpa savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) [lit. what is your grandmother making?] | +ruk3 nn :In (poss 2p-3s)

aanaruun kiviruq or aanaruk kiviruq (Nu) northern dipper; water ouzel (Cinclus mexicanus) [lit. grandmother is sinking]

aanaakłIq broad whitefish (Coregonus autumnalis) / aanaakłiqsuġukkaluaqtuŋa I would love to eat some whitefish

aanaakłiqsiun net with large mesh, used to catch whitefish / aanaakłiqsiunmik aŋun kuvriruq the man is making a net for catching whitefish | +siun nn, vn

aanaakłiiŋIq (Nu) whitefish | -IŋIq nn?

aanaatchiaq (Ti) cartridge bag with shoulder strap carried at waist | -tchiaq3 nn

aanami (Ti) character in a game who makes scary noises and tries to tag others to make them be it

aanaruuraq(-) competitive game in which two persons place themselves side-by-side in a kneeling position with their knees touching, then grasping each other around the shoulders and under the armpits, they try to unbalance the other; the person who unbalances his opponent on both the right and left side is the winner; (i) to play “aanaruuraq” | +q-5 nv

aanġuraq amulet, charm § rel. tupitkaq

aanġurrI- to make an amulet (for her, him); to make an amulet (out of it) / aanġurriruq aŋutaiyaamun he is making an amulet for a boy; aanġurriruq uyaġagmik he is making an amulet out of a piece of stone | ‘=I-1 nv

aanġurrIq- (i) to don an amulet; (t) to provide her/him with an amulet | ‘=Iq-1 nv

aannaa (excl) oh, my! oh!

*aanna (root) immediately outside this moment ?

aannagu (excl) wait; wait a minute; (adverb) in a moment, shortly, in a while, later on, in a little while, after a while | +[g]u(n) § syn aaqagu, aaqan

aannagutaaq- to procrastinate, delay or put off doing (it); to put it=especially food away for later consumption; (t) to table it=any action in parliamentary procedure @ aannagutaaqsI- | +[g]u(n) +taaq-1 vv

aannapak right away, right now; (Ti) tonight | -pak2 nn § rel. akkupak

aatnami (Nu) a little while ago, a moment ago | mI (loc)

aannik- (i) to catch a disease from someone; to take away from someone, i.e. toy § see aat- § rel. ivayaq-

aanŋu- (i) to feel faint § see aa-

aanŋuq- (i) to be knocked out, unconscious § see aa-

aaññaŋaa or aaññuŋuu (excl) how cute! (esp. of child, expresses delight over someone who is cute, or over a child’s ability to do something skillfully)

aaññaŋaaq- (i) to be cute | -q-5 nv

aaññuŋuuraq a child who is dear to someone | :uraq1 nn

aaŋ (excl) yes (expresses agreement or confirmation of statement; also consent to request, used with a negative question) / qaiñiaŋitpa isn’t he coming? aaŋ, qaiñiaŋitchuq yes, he is not coming § rel. ii, aa1, ail,l,ukiaq

aaglukiaq (excl) yes, that is right, I agree | +lu (encl) +kiaq (encl) § rel. ail,l,ukiaq

aaŋŋaġmiut (Ti) people from Seward Peninsula area; people from “outside=lower 48 states” | aaŋŋa (dem abl adv) +q-3 dv (miu nn -t (pl mkr)

aaŋayaaŋaŋaiq- (i) to be enlightened

aaŋayaaq- (i) to be partially conscious § see aa-

aaŋayaaŋa- (i) to be partially conscious, lightheaded, not clearheaded § see aa-

aaŋit- (i) to think one knows everything; to be arrogant | ?+it-

aaŋa- (i) to be stubborn; to act against better advice; to hold one’s head high

aaŋaaq- (i) to be haughty, act superior

aaŋasI- (i) to act haughty | (ŋa- vv +sI-1 vv

aapa father

aapaa (irreg rel pos) my father; my father’s / aapaa aitchuqtaani suppunmik my father gave me a gun | +a (poss 3s-3s)

aapaaluk grandfather | +aluk nn § rel. ataata

aapail,aq illegitimate child; fatherless child | :Il,aq(-) nn

aapail,l,I- (i) to give birth (of an unmarried woman) / aapail,l,iruam quyalivasik did the unmarried woman giving birth make youd happy, i.e. because now youd have a baby which she has given to youd | :Il,aq(-) nn ‘=I1

aapaksraq stepfather | +ksraq(-)1 nn

aaparuaq father-in-law | +ruaq2 nn

>aapiaq eldest brother

aapiyaq older brother § rel. aapa

aapapaaq (Ti) old-style barrel stove § rel. aippaanI

aapsavak (Ti) very large whale | -vak nn § syn aŋirualuk KI aapsak § rel. aġviQ

aapsavaaluk very old male whale (often in last group of whales to migrate northward in spring) | -vak nn -aluk nn

aapuluk (Ti) [ENG] apple | -luk nn

aaq- (i) to raise one’s head; (t) to raise her/his/its head; (Ti) (i) to sit up

aaġluq- (i) to look up; to raise one’s chin; to throw one’s head back; (t) to raise her/his chin upward; to raise it into an upright position / aaġluqłuni tautukkaa qulimiñiittuaq he looked up and saw the thing that is above him | +luq-3 vv

aaġlutit- (i) to have one’s head slip back, fall back, e.g. when asleep | +luq-3 vv -tit-3 vv

aaqan or aaqagu or aaqagun (excl) wait!; wait a minute!; later on; in a while | +[g]u(n) § syn aannagu

aaqagutaaq- to dawdle, delay or put off doing (it) / aaqagutaaqłuni aŋŋutiŋitchuq he did not catch up because he dawdled | +[g]u(n) +taaq-1 nv § syn aannagutaaq-

aaqanuq (adv) I guess so; maybe so; perhaps § see aa

aaqhaalIq or aaqhaallIq or aahaalIq (Nu) oldsquaw duck (Clangula hyemalis) § rel. aahaaliġñaq

aaqhaaŋ uumaa (excl) my goodness!; oh dear! § rel. aakhaa [Do more work on this word aaqhaa uumaa]

aaqhii (Nu) (conj) and; and then § see aasII

aaqqaa (excl) phew, what a bad smell!; how foul smelling!; don’t touch it, its filthy!

aaqqaala- to voice displeasure repeatedly about an offensive smell or the taste (of it) / tipi naikamiuŋ aaqqaalagaa when he smelled the odor, he said it was bad | -la- nv

aaqqaaq- (i) to be foul smelling or bad tasting; (t) to say that something is foul smelling or bad tasting | -q-5 nv, vv

aaqqan mitten § see aIq-

aaqsallaIq- (i) to laugh until out of breath § see aa-

aaqsiutaq or aaqsuutaq sling to hold the arm up / aaqsiutani iłuigivlugu piiġaa he removed the sling for his arm because it was uncomfortable | +utaq1 vn

aaquk or aaquaksraq old woman | -aq-5 nv +ksraq(-)1 nn

aaquaksraatchiaq little old lady / taigña aaquaksraatchiaq kisimġiuqtuq that little old lady is living alone | -aq-5 nv +ksraq(-) nn -atchiaq2 nn

aaquaksralaaq elderly looking woman | -aq-5 nv +ksraq(-)1 nn -laaq3 nn

aaquaksraluuraq(-) or >aaquutauraun game played in moonlight, where children sit in two lines of equal number facing each other while one child plays “the old woman” and asks members of one line what they would like from the moon; the other line must provide what they want, provided they are portraying the object chosen before the game; (i) to play aaquaksraluuraq / tatqiaġiksimman aaquaksraluuraqtuat il,il,gaat the children played aaquaksraluuraq when the moon turned full | -aq-5 nv +ksraq(-)1 nn +luk2 nn :uraq1 nn

aaquaq- (i) to grow old (of a woman) | -aq-2 nv

aaquluatchiaq little old woman | +luk2 nn -atchiaq2 nn

aaquluk old woman | +luk2 nn

aarigaa (excl) good!; oh, how nice! (expresses delight or approval)

aarigaaq- (i) to be good or nice / aarigaaqsimaruq, uuktuaġuŋ it is good, try it | -q-5 nv

aasi (excl) don’t!; stop it! § see kaasi

aasi or aasii or aasiiñ or (Nu) aaqhii (conj) and then; then / qaagiyaqqaaġlugu aasiiñ il,ua niġil,ugu first remove the top layer, then eat what is inside; isiġumaasiiñ suniaqpich and then, what will you do when I come in; aasii una what about this one?

aasiil,I (conj., may be enclitic) and so consequently, therefore (indicates a change in subject as well as an action) / Asiaŋŋataq miquġniaqtuq aasiil,i Paniattaaq aglautitaġniaqtuq Asiaŋŋataq will sew and as for Paniattaaq, she will type | +lI (encl)

aasiiñ uvva or aasiuvva (conj) and then based on this fact; and now here is the course of action | +uvva (dem adv)

aasiisulI (conj) and furthermore | +suli (conj)

aasiisuruq or aasiisuva (excl) and so what!; what difference does it make to you?; what’s it to you? | +su (verb stem) +ruq (ind 3s), +su (verb stem) +va (interrog 3s)

aasi suruq (Ti) (interrog) and then what?

aasiuna and then this one

aasivak large spider (species?) | +vak1 nn § rel. akłauraq

aat-1 (t) to take something away from her/him/it / aġnaiyaaq piuraapayuktuaq aŋutaiyaam aatkaa ayuktauraŋanik the boy took the ball away from the girl who was playing nicely by herself § rel. aqtaq-, aqsak-

aannigaq- (i) to keep catching diseases from others | +nik- vv +aq1 vv

aannik- (i) to catch a disease from someone; to gain possession of something from someone / aanniktuq he caught a disease from someone | +nnik- vv

aat-2 (t) to take her/him/it somewhere @ aatchI- / iqsigaluaġman aatkaa aimmiviŋanun he took her home because she was so afraid; tuyuusiaŋa aakaŋata taamuŋa aatkaa he took her mother’s parcel over to her | +sI-3 vv

aatahai (Nu) (excl) such cute little things! § see aattai

aatakaa or aatukuu (excl) oh, how little! § rel. uutukuu, uuñuŋuu

aataq (Nu) older sister § rel. aakatchiaq, agitchiaq

aatauraq older sister / aataurani kamagiyagaa it is easy for him to obey his older sister | :uraq1 nn

aatchakisaaq- (i) to jump on a jumping board | +kisaaq- vv (the single “a” in aatchakisaaq can either be “i” or “u”, depending on dialect)

aatchakisaun jumping board | +kisaaq- vv :uti1 vn

aatchaq- (i) to open one’s mouth; to open (of jaws or a trap); to open (of crack) / aatchaqtuq kigusiqirim aatchaqummani he opened his mouth when the dentist asked him to | perhaps aa- +tchaq-1 vv

aatchaqtit- (i) to pant (of animal) | -tit-2 vv

aatchauq- (i) to yawn | :uq-2 vv

aatchauqtuŋiq or aatchauqtuŋialaaq or (Nu) aatchausiayaaq nestling, newly hatched bird | :uq-2 vv +tuŋiq vn +laaq3 nn

aatchikaaŋ (excl) what a narrow escape! look out!

aatqan mitten § see aitqan under aIq-

aatqarruaq, (Nu) aatqatruaq gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus); peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) § rel. kirgavik, kirgavigruaq

aatqIk-1 (i) to make one’s bed, straighten; (t) to prepare, make up a bed for her/him / aatqikkaa nukaaluni she is making the bed for her younger sibling; aġnaiyaaq aatqiksuq makitiqłunil,u the girl fixed her bed as soon as she got up | +?

aatqik-2 (Ti) (i) to stand up straight, erect; to turn over on back (of whale) / aatqiktuq it is erect

aattai (excl) oh, how cute!; oh, how pretty!

aatahai (Nu) (excl) such cute little thing!

aattaiq- (i) to be cute, pretty | -q-5 ev

aayuġaq crack in sea or lake ice kept open by shifting currents so that it never freezes solid | +[ġ]aq2 nn § rel. aatchaq-

aayutaaq- (Ti) (i) to swing on a swing § rel. aŋilġisaaq-

aayyutaaq- (i) to play by hitting something with a stick; to play golf

*ag (dem root) over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) § rel. av-, ag-

aanI (dem loc adv) located over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

aaniit- (i) to be located over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- to be

aaŋŋa from over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

aŋŋamiñ (dem abl adv) from that direction over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

aaŋŋaq- (i) to come from over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

agga (dem adv) over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | ‘a (dem adv)

agna, dual akkuak, pl akkua (dem abs pron) that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +na (dem abs sing pron)

agnatchIq the other side, not this side e.g. of a river, a street, or a body of water | +tchIq1 dn

aguuna (dem via adv) (Ti) via, through, by way of over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | uuna (dem via) see avuuna

aguunnaaq- (Ti) (i) to go via, through, by way of over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

aktuma or aksruma or agruma, dual akkuak, pl akkua (dem rel pron) that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +tuma (dem rel sing pron)

aktumanI or aksrumanI or agrumanI, dual akkugnagnI, pl akkunanI (dem rel loc pron) located with that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +anI (dem loc)

aktumaŋŋa or aksrumaŋŋa or agrumaŋŋa, dual akkugnaŋŋa, pl akkunaŋŋa from that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

aktumatun or aksrumatun or agrumatun, dual akkugnaktun, pl akkunatitun like that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +atun (dem sim)

aktumiŋa or aksrumiŋa or agrumiŋa, dual akkugniŋa, pl akkuniŋa that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +iŋa (dem mod)

aktumuŋa or aksrumuŋa or agrumuŋa, dual akkugnuŋa, pl akkunuŋa to that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +uŋa (dem term)

aktumuuna or aksrumuuna or agrumuuna, dual akkugnuuna, pl akkunuuna via, with that one over there across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +uuna (dem via)

auŋa (dem term adv) to over there, cross, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

auŋanmun towards over there, across, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

auŋaq- (i) to go over there, cross, e.g. a river, a street, or a body of water (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

agaayyu- or aŋaayyu- to pray

agaayyun God

agaayyuti- (Nu) (t) to hold a funeral for (her/him/it) § see aŋaayyuti-

agak(-) a tease; a mischief maker; (i) to be mischievous; to be a tease; be belligerent, want to fight, be argumentative; to fight; (t) to tease her/him; to fight with her/him / agaktuqasuuna iñuk oh, you are such a tease (said in annoyance); agakkaa nukaaluni he is teasing his younger sibling

aggaktit- (i) to become mischievious; to start teasing | -k-4 ‘-k-2 vv (tit-2 vv

aggaŋa- (i) to be a tease; to be troublesome, belligerent, argumentative / aggaŋaruqaraa uumiñaqtuqunnii taamna iñuk that person is extremely troublesome and aggravating | ‘-k-2 vv +ŋa- vv

aggaŋait- (i) to be kind, gentle / aggaŋaitchuamik iñugmik paqittuq he found a kind, gentle person | ‘-k-2 vv (ŋa- vv :It-1 vv

*akalik or (Ti) agalik- (root) a curl

akaliksaq- (Ti) agaliksaq- (t) to curl hair / akaliksaġaa/agaliksaġaa niaquġa she is curling my hair | +saq3- vv

akaliŋa- (Ti) agaliŋa- (i) to have curly hair (of one’s head) / niaqqun agaliŋaruq your head (hair) is curly | (ŋa- vv

aggaq- (i) to come loose, come off, slip off; (t) to cause it to come loose, slip off / sanniġuġiaŋa aggaqhuni pituiqsuq the cross-piece slipped off and became disconnected so therefore it is loose

aggaġiitkutaq barb on a spear which keeps the spearhead from slipping out; any object used to keep something from slipping off / aggaġiitkutaŋa satkuŋata navigniqsuq the barb on his weapon is broken | +kutaq vn

aggai- (i) to have something come loose; (t) to have it come loose

aggIq- (i) to arrive, come § rel. agI-

aggia- (i) to arrive, come en masse (used in pl) | -a-1 vv

aggiqi- (t) to return home to her/him/it | -qi-, '-qi- vv see agi-

aggisi- (t) to bring or take her/him/it home § see agi-

aggisuuti- (t) to bring or take her/him/it home § see agi-

aggun corruption

agIk- or agiaq- to rub, smooth or cut (it) away with a file / agikkaa tuugaaq he is carving a piece of ivory using a file | -aq7 vn

aggIq something that has been filed | ‘-Q4 vn

agiaġnaq atuqtuuraq (Nu) violin [lit. a musical instrument that you file] | (aq7 vn -q-5 nv +naq2 vn

agiaq(-) a sharpener for knifes, ulus, saws, etc…; to file (it) with a file; (Ti) a grindstone, whetstone; to sharpen (it) with a grindstone | (aq7 vn § rel. sil,l,iñ

agigvigaq- to wash (it) using a washboard / agigvigaqłuni iqaqsriruq he is washing clothes using a washboard; annuġaat agigvigaġai he is washing clothes using a washboard | +vIk1 vn +[t]aq-2 nv

agigvIk or agirvik washboard | +vIk1 vn

agiuk- to grate, shear (it) on something e.g. a boat grating against another boat

agiukpak or (Ti) agiuppak wall of sheared ice along the edge of the open lead that has been formed by the grinding action of the free ice against the shore-locked ice / agiukpaum saaŋagun natchIIt puiraqtut the seals keep surfacing just below the sheared ice | :uq-2 vv +qpak vn or -ppak vn

agiun bastard file / agiun attaqsirani utiqtitkaa he returned the bastard file that he borrowed | -aq7 vn :uti1 vn

agiun (Ti) rubbing alcohol, liniment, ointment | un1 vn § also nanuluun under nanuk-

agiuqasiraaq- (Ti) to rub against (her/him/it) accidentally; (i) to touch accidently | (qasIq- vv -raaq-1 vv § rel. nanuiqasiraaq- under nanuk-

agiuqsaaq- to whiz by (her/him/it) / agiuqsaaqtuq nutqaġaluaġnaniunnii he whizzed by without stopping; agiuqsaaġaatigut iglauguraġniaqtilluta it whizzed by us even though we were traveling along | :uq2 vv +saaq-1 vv

agitchiaq step relative; (Ti) older sister § rel. aatauraq, aakatchiaq, aataq

aglaan (conj) but; however; (enc) up to; as far as

aglak(-) a letter character; printed pattern of fabric; (Ti) a letter sent by mail; to write (it); (i) to vote by secret ballot

aglaaksraq blank writing paper / aglaaksramik paqitchiuqtuq il,isaurri the teacher is looking for a blank piece of paper | -k-4 nv? (aq4 vn +ksraq(-)1 nn

aglaaq something written; composition / aglaamiñik aitchuġaa il,isaurri)i = he gave his teacher what he had composed | -k-4 nv (aq4 vn

aglagaaq design, pattern, stripe / aglagaaŋich atikłukpich nalunaipalugniqsut the designs of your snowshirt are very noticeable | -k-4 nv +aq-1 vv (aq4 vn

aglagiit- (i) to have a bad pattern (of cloth fabric); (Ti) (i) to be one who has broken the law, to have a bad record [lit. “to have bad writings”] | +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv § rel. maqpiġaaġiit-

aglagIk- (i) to have a nice pattern (of cloth) [lit. “to be well-marked”] | +[g]Ik- nv

aglaglugu to choose by secret ballot (parliamentary procedure) | +lugu (contemp irrealis 3s-3s)

aglagvIk desk; place to write on / aglagvigmiñun uniññiġaa aglaani he left his composition on his desk | -k-4 +vIk1 vn

aglait- (i) to be blank (of paper); to have no design (of cloth fabric) / aglail,aamik atikłuliaksramiñik tauqsiqsuaq she bought fabric which had no design on it to make a snowshirt | :It-1 nv

aglaiyaun eraser | :Iyaq-1 nv un1 vn

aglakługu piksraġniq secret ballot | +ługu (contemp realis 3s-3s)

aglakpak capital letter; big letter / aglakpagmik sivullil,iġñaqtuq uqallagniq one should start a sentence with a capital letter | +qpak nn

aglakti secretary / aglaktiŋa aiganiŋaruq his secretary has already gone home | -k-4 nv +t/ri3 vn

aglaktu- (i) to have large designs, e.g. of fabric or wallpaper | +tu- nv

aglaqatigiik two playing cards of the same suit | -qati nn +[g]iik nn

aglaulaaq- (i) to be brightly colored, have a bold pattern (e.g. of cloth fabric) | -ulaaq(-)1 vv

aglaun pencil, pen | -k-4 nv :un1 vn § syn miŋuaqtuun

aglauraaq- to doodle (on it); to write (it) slowly | -k-4 nv -uraaq-1 vv

aglauraq lower case letter | :uraq1 nn

aglautitaq- to type (it) / taamma tusaġnaqtuq aglautitaqtuaq whoever is typing can be heard | :un1 vn +[t]aq-2 nv

aglautitaun typewriter | :un1 vn +[t]aq-2 nv :un1 vn

agliqi- (i) to do your postal clerk duties; to deliver mail; work as a postal clerk | ‘=Iqi- nv

agliqirI or (Ti) agliqiruaq postal clerk; mail carrier in dog team days | ‘=Iqi- nv +t/rI3 vn or +t/ruaq (part 3s)

agliuti- to record, write (it) down; (Ti) (t) to photograph her/him/it @ agliurrI- | ‘=I-1 nv :un-2 vv

aglI- (i) to grow (of human animal, or tree, not of a plant); become big | -lI-2 nv, vv § see aŋi-1

aglil,aaq- (t) to enlarge it § see aŋi-1

agliñġaaq adolescent girl § see aŋi-1 or *agliq (because menstruating women were isolated) ñåaaq needs to be worked

agliġuq one side or half of the lower jaw

agliqquk (dual) mandible / agliqquk tuttum uniaŋŋualiuġukługik piiġaik he removed the caribou’s jawbone because he wanted to make a toy sled out of it | +ġuq2 n § rel. aglu

agliġula- (i) to chatter (of one’s teeth) / agliġularut kigutiŋi qiusiavluni his teeth are chattering because he is very cold | +ġuq2 n -la- nv

agliq- (Ti) (i) to menstruate § rel. aalġu-

agliġi- (t) to shun or avoid her/him/it (someone or something to be avoided in accordance with a taboo, e.g. a sick person) / naŋittuaq agliġivlugu ullaŋitkaa he did not visit the person because of his illness @ agliqsrI- | +[g]i-2 rv || ~srI-1 vv § rel. iruġi-, kiruq-

agliġik- (Ti) (i) to be observant of taboo | +[g]Ik- rv

agliġIt- (Ti) (i) to not be subject to taboo | :It-1 rv

agliġnaq- (i) to be forbidden, taboo, i.e. to be avoided | +naq-1 rv

agliqsraq- to avoid (her/him=a person with a disease) / agliqsraqłuni naŋittuat igluat naŋaġaa he is making a detour around the sick people’s house | -qsraq-1 rv THE PERSON IS DETOURING BECAUSE OF BEING AFRAID OF CATCHING THE SICKNESS THAT IS PREVALENT IN THAT HOUSE!!]

agliqtau- (i) to be observant of taboo, avoiding what should be avoided | ? (t/raq4? rn :u-2 nv +tau rv? § see paquġi- under *paquq; quŋuġi- under quŋuq; rel iruġi-; kiruġi-

agliqi- (i) to be a postal clerk; to deliver mail § see aglak

aglitchiit- (i) to grow slowly § see aŋi-1

aglitchIk- (i) to grow rapidly § see aŋi-1

aglitchIq- (i) to be set aside to grow, increase § see aŋi-1

agliuti- (t) to record, set it down in writing; (Ti) to photograph her/him/it § see aglak-

aglu sled runner; whale jawbone / agluiyaqtut uniatka the sled runners of my sled are off

aglugi- (t) to run over her/him/it with a vehicle / qamunmiñik aglugigaa kalikuġruaq he ran over the heavy canvas with his car | +[g]i-1 nv

agluutaq templepiece of eyeglasses

aglunaatchiaq (Ti) string | -atchiaq2 nn § see akłunaaq

agluq-1 (t) to remove its jawbone | -q-5 nv

agluq-2 (i) to dive into the water, e.g. an animal or a swimming water bird / natchiq agluqtuq sikumiñ the seal is diving in from the ice floe § rel. nakkaq-

agma- or aŋma- (i) to be open, uncovered, unlocked / misuġuqtuun agmaruq the glass jar is open / tauqsiġñiaġvik agmaruq suli the store is still open

agmalat- (t) to keep opening it, e.g. door | -lat- vv

aŋmalat- (Nu) (t) to open it part-way (as the wind does a tent flap) | -lat- vv

agmaq- to open (it) / agmaqtaa uvlaatchauraq tauqsiġñiaġvik he opened the store early this morning @ agmaI-, aŋmaI- | +q-7 vv -I-7 vv

agmaun can opener; key | +q-7 vv :un1 vn § rel. pitchiġiiyaun, kiluitchaun

agmaluq- or aŋmaluq- to be round § see aqvaluq-

agmaaq or (Nu) akmaaq flint, chert / agmaaqsiuġuuruagut Ukkuqsimi we used to search for flint at Ukkuqsiq

agmarriqi- to work with flint | =rriqi- nv

agnaaq- (t) to make it too large § see aŋi-1

agnatchiq the other side, not this side, e.g. of a river § see *ag

agnIq(-) or aŋnIq(-) blizzard, blowing snow; (i) for there to be a blizzard / agniq suaŋŋaktuq the blizzard is getting stronger; agniqsuq aimmiuraaġiñ since there is a blizzard, you should stay home

agniġuq- or aŋniġuq- (t) for there to be hard blowing snow accompanied by strong wind; to develop, e.g. of a blizzard | :u-1 nv? +uq-1 nv

agniñġu- (i) to be stopped or delayed by a blizzard / agniñġuvlutiŋ aiñaġiaŋitchut = they did not get home early because they were held up by a blizzard | -nġu- nv

agralgun (Ti) wheeled vehicle, e.g. car § rel. qamun see aksrak-

agraq mitten string, string for knife, etc.???

agraq- (t) to haul them=boxes with repeated trips / agraġait suġauttatiŋ iglutiqsaqtuat the ones who are moving into the house are hauling their things over @ agraqsI- | -I-7 vv

agrutaq bothersome person, someone who is in the way / aniiqsuaġiñ agrutausiññaqtutin uvva go play outside, you are in the way here | perhaps +rutaq nn § rel. avrialutaq(-) under *avriaq-

aguirrun cause of trouble / aguirrutiłhiñaq il,vit iñuk you are just a troublemaker | +run1 vn

aguummak or >aguummaQ woven basket

aguummaayaaġiik twins [lit. the onesd of the same basket] | -ayaaq1 nn ? +[g]IIk(-) nn ?

aguummI- to weave, make a basket for (her/him/it); (t) to weave, make it into a basket / aguummigaa tutaaluurani he is making a basket for his grandchild | ‘=I-1 nv

>agvIq- or ?? aġvIq to arrive at the top of a difficult climb § see akpak- § rel. itivit-, ukpitaq-

aġayuk- (i) to travel around; (Ti) aġiyuk- to scout, travel to look around from place to place § rel. kukil,uk-, yugit-

aġayuuq- (i) to be fast; to hurry | :uq-2 vv

aġġI- (i) to hold an Iñupiaq dance

aġġirI dancer, drummer or singer at an Iñupiaq dance / aġġirit quviasupiaġataqtut the dancers and the drummers are very happy | +t/rI3 vn

aġġivIk a place to hold an Iñupiaq dance; (Nu) men’s house | +vIk vn § rel. qargI

aġġiññaq bag (for hunting gear), sealskin bag, knapsack / aġġiññani paqillaiġaa he cannot find his bag | +nnaq vn

aġġutaq2 distant relative | +utaq1 nn § rel. il,a(-)

*aġI (root) dampness, moisture

aġġutaq1 dried stomach or bladder used as a container; food storage poke of dried beluga or ugruk stomach | -‘utaq1 nn

aġiñaq- (i) to be damp; to not dry right; remain moist (of skin, meat); to be soft | +naq-1 rv

aġiññaq(-) something that makes you wet (i) to be damp (of ground, air, weather) | +t-3 rv +naq-1 vv

aġiparaq fresh, untanned skin | +paraq rn?

aġIt- (i) to become wet or damp (of fabric, ground, animal hide, person, e.g. child) (t) for it to become wet / isikkit iñirat aġitkai bring in the clothes which have been hung out to dry, they are becoming wet | +t-3 rv § rel. tavlIq-

aġitchIq- to soak (it) / amiq aġitchiqsuq iqaqqivigruami the skin is soaking in the big tub | +[t]sIq- vv

aġivrI- (i) to get wrinkled skin from soaking in water, bath / aġivriruq he gets wrinkled skin / argatka aġivrirut my hands are getting wrinkled | =rI-3 vv

aġimmiq bone joint

aġiu- (i) to stop, quit, adjourn; to die (after a lengthy illness or a long life?); (t) to have nothing to do with her/him/it anymore / aġiunaqsigaatigut it is time for us to stop / savaani aġiugaa he quit his job / ataatakpurguuq taamma aġiuruq our grandfather just died, it is said

aġiyuk- (Ti) (i) to travel around, from place to place § rel. kukil,uk-, yugit- see agiyuk-

aġlik- (t) to leave behind some part of a load / usiami il,aŋi aġlikkai he left behind some of his load

aġligi- (t) to feel bad at being unable to take part of her/his load / aġligivlugu unitkaa feeling bad about not being able to take a part of her load, he left her | +[g]i-1 nv

aġnaq woman; girl (referring to sex of baby); queen in cards / iġñimaruaq aġnamik she gave birth to a girl

aġnaat (irreg abs pos) his wife / aġnaat uvlaakun tikiññiaġniraŋat they said his wife will arrive tomorrow | :at (poss 3p-3s)

aġnaġIk- (i) to be pretty, nice looking (of a woman) | +[g]Ik- nv

aġnaġiksaq- to primp (her), put make-up on (her) | +[g]Ik- nv +saq-3 vv

aġnaġuaq- (Ti) (i) to grow old (of a woman) | -ġuaq-2 vv § rel. aaquaq-

aġnaiyaaq baby girl; girl (pre-teen) / aġnaiyaaq savvaġiksuq the girl is neat and clever | -iyaaq nn

aġnaksraq somebody who will be a woman (as in a play where a man is chosen to play the lead of a woman)?

aġnaqan matrilateral parallel cousin (child of mother’s sister) | (qan vn nn § rel. aŋunnuniq, aŋutiqan under aŋun

aġnaqtaq something for use by a woman / aġnaqtagnik kamikłuugnik tauqsil,giññiqsuq killukuaqłuni he bought a pair of women’s pants by mistake | +taq7 nn

aġnaqtiŋ his own wife | +ktiŋ (poss 3p-3s) § syn nulianI under nuliaq

aġnasalluq female animal / aġnasalluq ivamaruq the bitch has borne a litter | +salluq nn

aġnasuk female dog, bitch / aġnasuk ivaalik ugiallaruaq qallikaptigu the bitch with the litter began to snarl when we got close to her | suk2 nn

aġnatuq- (i) to commit adultery with a woman; to have an affair with a woman (of a man) | +tuq-3 nv § also allatuq- § rel. payarI- under paya-

aġnau- (Nu) (i) to dance, making a woman’s characteristic arm motions (often used of a man imitating a woman) | :u-2 nv

aġnaun (Ti) girlfriend | -un2 nn

aġnaunIq wife; woman along on a hunting party; (Nu) female maternal parallel cousin (of a man) | +unIq? nn § rel. aŋunnuniQ

aġnauraq (Ti) white woman | :uraq1 nn

aġnaviaq female eider duck | -viaq2 nn

aġnavik female ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus)

aġnavvI- (i) to flirt, actions of pride shown regardless of people watching; to indulge in self esteem (of a woman) | +vvI- nv

aġniqi- to womanize, play around with (her) perhaps committing adultery | ‘=Iqi- nv

aġnauraak two small pieces of wood inserted to hold braided sinew on back of bow in place | -k (dual mkr)

aġra(q) ashes; gunpowder; fire pail used by whaling crew

aġraiyaun rake for fireplace ash | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

aġraqtuqtuaq (Ti) small stove made of kerosene can with top cut off | +tuq-3 nv +tuaq2 (partic 3s)

aġrIq- (t) to fill it=gun with gunpowder | ‘=Iq-1 nv

aġrIt- to become ash covered | ‘=It-3 nv

aġraq(-) (Ti) ball; (t) to kick it=ball repeatedly § see aqsraq-

aġraurraq- (i) to play traditional Iñupiaq soccer | -q-5 nv -urraq(-) vv also aqsrautraq-

aġraurraun football for Iñupiaq soccer | -q-5 nv -urraq(-) vv :un vn

aġriqi- (i) to play ball (any ball game) | ‘=Iqi-1 nv § also aqsriqi-

aġvak(-) edge of hand; balls of fingers and thumb; fleshy part of palm; (t) to hit her/him/it with edge of hand / aġvaŋmigun kil,iŋaruq he has a cut on the ball of his thumb; aġvaŋni aksiyagigai the edge of his hand is tender to the touch; kuvluŋmi aġvaŋa anniġaa he injured the ball of his thumb | -k-4 nv

aġvaŋmIk- (t) to hit her/him/it with the edge of the hand repeatedly / aġvaŋmikł,ugu qaurimaiqsitiġaa he quickly rendered him unconscious by hitting him with the edge of his hand | -k-4 nv +mIk-1 nv, vv

aġvaluq- (Ti) (i) to be round § see aqvaluq-, agmaluq-

aġvaluqtauraq muffin (bread) | +taraq2 vn =uraq1 nn

aġvaluqtaurisit muffin tin, pan | +taraq2 vn =uraq1 nn ‘=I-1 nv -ti1 vn

aġviQ bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus); Pacific right whale (Balaena glacialis)

aġvaalik female bowhead whale with a calf / aġvaaligmik tautuktut = they spotted a female bowhead whale with a calf | -aq6 nn -lik1 nn

aġvaraq baby whale; whale calf / aġvarrak puiruk atautchikun the two whale calves surfaced simultaneously | -aq nn

aġvaaq aŋŋuuq! (cry) announcing that a whale has been caught

aġvak- or (Ti) aġvaaq- (i) to catch a whale, kill a whale in a whale hunt / aġvaktuat quvianapaluktut oh, how joyful, they caught a whale! | ‘-k-1 nv or ‘-k-1 nv +aq-1 vv

aġvalutauraq weaned female whale (young and fat) | -taq(-)7 vn :uraq1 nn

aġvanġaq- (Ti) (i) to catch one’s first whale (of whaling captain) | ‘-k-1 nv -nġaq-3 nv??

aġvanġaqtuaq (Ti) a whaling captain who has caught his first whale | ‘-k-1 nv -nġaq-3 nv +tuaq2 (3s participle)

aġvanġaun first whale by whaling captain | ‘-k-1 nv -nġaq-3 nv +un1 vn

aġvanġautituq- to eat from the first whale | ‘-k-1 nv -nġaq-3 nv +un1 vn +tuq-3 nv

aġvaŋniaq- (i) to hunt bowhead whales | -k-1 nv +niaq(-)2 vv

aġvaŋniat whalers | ‘k-1 nv +niaq(-)2 vn -t nn (pl mkr)

aġviġluaq grey whale (Eschrichius glaucus) / aġviġluam sarġutkai a gray whale is passing by in front of them | +luaq2 nn

aġviliqun whale shoulder gun | -liqun vn

aġviñġaq whale blubber; strips of whale blubber to be rendered / aġviñġamik misiġarriruq he is making oil from whale blubber | ‘=It-3 -nġaq1 nn

aġviqi- (i) to hold a whaling feast (of whaling captain) | =iqI-1 nv

aġviqsiuq- or aġviġniaq- (i) to hunt whales | +siuq- nv +niaq-2 vv § rel. aġvaŋniaq-

aġvisuaq porpoise (Phocoena vomerina) | +suaq nn

>aġvIt- to become infused with whales | '=It-3 nv, vv

aġviuġun knife for butchering whale | =Iuq- nv :un1 vn

aġviuq- (i) to divide up, butcher a whale | =Iuq- nv

aġviqtaq- (Ti) (i) to pace back and forth | +t/raq-1 vv

aġyuk- (i) to travel around; to walk, stroll § see aġayuk-

aġyuuq- (i) to be fast, to hurry / aġyuuġraġiñ please hurry | -q-2 vv

ai (excl) seeks approval or endorsement (may be encl.) / ail,uk, ai? let’sd go home, okay?; tikitchut, ai? they have arrived, isn’t that so?

agi-1 (t) to fetch, go get her/him/it / aggiuŋ (you) go get it; @ aikł,Iq- / aikł,iqsuq ikayuqtiksramiñik he has gone for help | +kłIq-1 vv

agi-2 (i) to go home, to come home / aggiiñ ammapta piŋigigaatin go home, they are probably worried about you as usual § rel. aŋil,ġaq-, aggIq-

aggiqi- (Nu) (t) to return home to her/him/it | ‘-qi- vv

aggisi- or aggisuuti- (t) to bring or take her/him/it home @ aggirrI- or aggisuurrI- | ‘si-6 vv or ‘si-6 :un2 vv || ‘rrI-1 vv, +urrI- vv ti2 +uti2 +sI3

aimaaġvIk or aimmivIk home / aimaaġvigmiñi mavsiqsuq he is convalescing at home | +maaq-1 vv +vIk1 vn, +mmI6 vv +vIk1 vn

aimmI- (i) to be at home | +mmI-6 vv

aiñmuk- (i) to go homeward | -nmun vv -k-3 vv

aiñmun toward home | -nmun vv

aiġaaluk husband’s brother § ? aluk nn

aiġaq plant with edible roots, vetch (Oxytropis nigrescens) | +[ġ]aq4 n § rel. nakaq, masu

aiġun cuff of sleeve § see aiq-

ail,aq- (i) to be damp or wet

ail,aġnaq(-) damp cool weather; (i) the air to be misty, therefore you get damp or wet; (Ti) to be wet, damp (of ground) | +naq-1 vv

ail,aqi- to get (it) wet | -qi- vv

ail,l,ałak something dripping wet | -q-4 vn -łak nn, vn

ail,l,aQ dampness, moisture; that which is drenched / ail,l,aq alappaa the dampness is cold; ail,l,aq isiqtuq, imaaŋamaruaq he came in drenched, he had fallen in the water | ‘-Q4 vn § rel. avyuq

CHECK ON THE WORD AIøøAQ. DOES IT REALLY MEAN DAMPNESS OR WETNESS? I USE AIØAÅNAQ FOR THAT MEANING!!!

ail,l,I- (Ti) (i) to stop and eat on a journey / ail,l,ipkaġitka qimmitka I feed my dogs, stopping on a journey

ail,l,il,iq- (Nu) (i) to eat lunch | -liq-4 vv § rel. qituġusIq-

ail,l,ukiaq (excl) yes, that is right! I agree! | +lu (encl) +kiaq (encl) § syn. aaglukiaq, ii, aa, aaŋ

ail,uqtuq surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) | +tuq6 n § syn. avil,uqtuq, -taq

aił,huuq- to rock (it) back and forth (as in a boat or plane)

aimaġnaq antlerless female caribou; barren female caribou

aiñaq [ENG] onion

aiñiQ pocket / aiñġitchuq he doesn’t have pockets § rel. igvik

aiñiġmiutaq(-) something kept in the pocket; pocket watch; to keep (it) in one’s pocket | +miutaq(-) nn

aiñiqsimaaq- (i) to stand with one’s hands in one’s pants pockets | =sima-2 vv +aq-1 vv § rel. kaumaaq-

aiñiqsruq- to reach into (her/his/its) pocket | +qsruq-1 nv § syn. igvigruq-

*aippaaq (root)

aippaaġnisaq something ancient | +nisaq nn § syn iŋil,ġaaġnisaq

aippaaġu indefinite in the future / aippaaġu qakugu tautuutiniaqtuguk next year sometime wed will see each other | -aq6 nn +[g]u nn

aippaanI long ago in the distant past / aippaani siġġaqivlutiŋ iñuusuuŋarut in the olden days they really had to struggle to make a living | (nI (loc)

aippaanigu sometime in the distant future | (nI (loc) +[g]u nn

aippaapak time immemorial, ancient times / aippaapak qaŋapak tainna ittuq it has always been thus since time immemorial | -pak2 nn

aippaQ other of a pair, the mate; co-wife (woman with whom one shares a husband) / aippani aġnam taluġigaa the woman fears her co-wife (the other woman with whom she shares a husband); aippaŋa aitqatikpich nauŋ where is your other mitten?

aippaak two (second in a series, used especially when counting in a game) [lit. theird other] | :ak (abs poss 3d-3s)

aippaġIIk a pair of items belonging together; a pair of co-wives; in spelling, double letters=geminate sounds / aippaġiik aññaġiigmiuk the pair of co-wives are also maternal cousins | +[g]IIk/t nn

aippaaġu the year after next | +u nn

AippiġñiQ Tuesday | ‘=Iq-1 nv +niQ1 vn

AippIq- (i) to be Tuesday (used with 1p ending) / Aippiqsugut it is Tuesday [lit. we have Tuesday] | ‘=Iq-1 nv

aippIq- (i) to get a companion; (t) to become the companion of her/him/it; to accompany her/him; to add a second one to it; to second, endorse it=nomination or motion, so that a vote may be taken / ayaksaqtuaq aippiġaa he joined the one who is leaving for work or meeting; tuniaksriani aippiġaa she put another one up for sale with the first one | ‘=Iq-1 nv § rel. tappIq-

aIq- to put one’s (her/his) arms into one’s (her/his) sleeves / qumiikkaluaqami aiġataqtuq he put his arms through his sleeves after having had them inside his parka for a while § rel. asiq(-)

aiġun cuff of sleeve / qaliġuuraŋata aiġutaa aliktuq the cuff of her dress sleeve tore | :un1 vn

aiqpak elbow-length mitten | +qpak(-) nn

aitqan or aatqan or aaqqan mitten / aitqatigni qupakkaik she is trimming her mittensd | +tqan vn

aitchuq- (t) to give her/him/it something / aitchuġaa aŋun qil,aamiñik she gave the man what she had knitted § rel. qaIt-

aitchuI- (i) to donate or make a contribution; to give away; to make an offering in church | -I-7 vv

aitchuivIk a time or place for giving gifts; collection plate or basket, in church / aitchuivik kataiqqayaġaa he almost dropped the collection basket | -I-7 vv +vIk1 vn

aitchuġniġluun death-inducing object given by a shaman to someone he wishes to harm; something given in an aggressive manner / aitchuġniġluusiaqaŋavluni aŋatkumiñ tuquliŋaruq he died shortly after he received a death-inducing charm from the shaman | -niġluk- vv :un1 vn

aitchuusiaq something given | :un1 vn ~Iq-1 nv -aq4 vn

aiva- (Nu) to quarrel, argue (with her/him) § rel. qanaaq- under qaniq(-)

aiviQ walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)

aivġich nauyaŋat northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) [lit. the seagull of the walrus] | :It (pl mkr)

aivvak- (i) to catch a walrus in hunting | ‘-k-1 nv

aiviqirak pectoral sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) / aiviqirrat tautugnaqsisuurut upinġaami pectoral sandpipers return for the summer § rel. puvviaqtuuq

aiy? (excl) is that so?!

aiyaaŋa- (i) to be dizzy, to feel faint, to be nearly unconscious / aiyaaŋaruq nallaqtirruŋ he is dizzy, have him lie down | (ŋa- vv § rel. aanŋu-

aiyugaaq- (t) to invite her/him @ aiyugaaqłIq- (Ti) aiyugaaġliq- aiyugaaqłii- | +kłIq1 +I7 § rel. aggIq-, qagI-

aiyugaaqsiu- (Ti) (i) to be invited | +siu- vv ?

aiyuil,I- (i) to get carried away; to go to excess [therefore the person is unable to go home???]

akat- (i) to harm oneself; (t) to upset, bother or harm her/him/it / aapiyani akatkaa savagnil,uktuaq he is bothering his elder brother who is trying to work; akattuq ilimiñik immaġluliqł,uni he is doing himself harm by becoming a heavy drinker

akałłuqutaq bad, troublesome person, troublemaker | +łuk-3 -qutaq vn

akałłuqutau- (i) to be the cause of dissension among people; to be a troublemaker; to cause disturbance | +łuk-3 -qutaq vn –u-2 nv

akatchI- to be a bother, to upset the order (of her/his activity) / suaguŋ ikka akatchiruq scold him, he is being a bother; akatchigaa ataurani he is upsetting whatever his older sister was doing | +tchI- vv

akatiŋa- (i) to be curly (of hair) | (ŋa- vv

akayugnaiq- to appease someone so they no longer bother one; to satisfy to the fullest to where it can never be repaid | yug? +naq-1 vv :Iq-3 vv § rel. akI(-)

akI(-) cost, price, value, wage; opposite side, other side; (Ti) north side of the point (Point Hope); to respond, acknowledge or answer her/him with gestures (of one who is far away but visible) / akiptinni igluqaqtut = they have a house across from ours; taamna qanutun akiqaqpa what is the price on that?

akiaġaqtaaq- to take turns using (it); (i) to take turns doing an activity | -aq-8 nv +aq-1 vv +taaq-1 vv

akiaq- (t) to relieve her/him, (as in a task, take over from a watch, games, etc) @ akiaqsI- / akiaġaa il,aaluni he took over for his partner | -aq-8 nv || +sI-3 vv

akigaq- to bear, carry (it) from both sides (of more than one person); to bear, carry (it) on or across one’s shoulders, e.g. with a yoke / aġviġum niaqua akigaqługu nuutkaak theyd moved the whale’s head by carrying it from both sides | -gaq-1 vv, nv § rel. kakaaq-, nanmak-, tigumiaq-

akigaun yoke, a frame fitted to a person’s shoulders to carry loads; a stick put through something so that two people can carry the load / akigautaak naviktuq the stick that theyd were using to carry something broke | -gaq-1 vv, nv :un1 vn

akigautik a stretcher; a litter / akigautik aikkik go get the stretcher

akigIIk- (i) to be across from each other; opponents | +[g]IIk- nv § rel. akil,l,iġIIk(-)

akiġruq- (Ti) to buy (it) on credit | +ġruq- nv § rel. akiil,aq(-), imuŋaaq(-)

akiġruun (Ti) a debt | +ġruq- nv :un1 vn § rel. akiil,aq(-), imuŋaaq(-)

akiil,aaq something free, without cost | :Il,aq(-) nv (aq4 vn

akiil,aq(-) debt; to buy (it) on credit / akiil,ani akil,iġiaġai he has gone to pay his debts | :Il,aq(-) nn, nv

akiil,I- (t) to defeat her/him in a contest / kamanniraaqtuaq akiil,igaa he defeated the one who was showing off, one who thinks he’s strong | :It-1 nv -lI-3 nv

akiit- (i) to lose, be defeated; to be cheap, inexpensive / akisunasugiraġa akiiññiqsuq I thought it was expensive, but found it to be inexpensive; tikitqaurraġmata akiitchuaq he lost when a race was held | :It-1 nv

akiitchuk a prostitute, harlot | :It-1 nv +tuq5 vn

akiksrait- (i) to be priceless, invaluable / iñuit uqallagaqtut maġlaktuutaa akiksraiññivl,ugu maġlaktuutikaamiŋniñ everyone said that his dance gift is far more valuable than their usual dance gift | +ksraq1 nn :It-1 nv

akiksrIq- (t) to assess, appraise its worth, put a price on it | +ksraq1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

akiksriqsuq- (t) to set a value on, to assess worth of them (for taxation, sale price) @ akiksriqsuI- | +ksraq1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv || -I-7 vv

akil,iaksraq bill; item to be paid for / akil,iaksratka tikiñmata mikiniġmata quyatchapaluktuŋa when my bills came I was overjoyed when I saw that they were a small amount | -lIq-1 nv (aq4 vn +ksraq1 nn

akil,iaksrIq- (t) to bill, charge someone an amount | -lIq-1 nv (aq4 vn +ksraq1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

akil,iñaaq area across somewhere; north side of Point Barrow (Nuvuk) / ukiami akil,iñaami aġvagniqsut during the fall, they caught a whale on the north side of Point Barrow / akil,iñaaqsiuqtut qamma kalittuat aġviġmik the boats pulling the whale are remaining on the north side of Point Barrow | +naaq vn

akil,Iq- (t) to pay for it; to pay her/him for something @ akil,II- / tauqsiġñiaqti akil,iġaa he paid the storekeeper; akil,iiruaq aŋunmun he paid the man | -lIq-1 nv || -I-7 vv

akil,irrun payment for services, usually money | +lIt- nv +run vn

akil,isIq- (t) to pay them each a wage | +lIt- nv ~Iq-2 nv

akil,It- (t) to pay her/him a wage / savaktini akil,itkai he paid his workers | +lIt- nv

akil,itchI- (Ti) (i) to pay a debt | +lIt- nv +sI-3 vv § rel. akiil,aq(-)

akil,iusiaq reward, wage, paycheck / akil,iusiani nuŋupkapasuuġaa he spent his paycheck already | +lIt- nv :un-1 vn ~Iq-1 nv (aq4 vn

akil,l,iġiik duplex house (with one door), entrance on long side; enemiesd, opponentsd | +llIQ nn +[g]IIk(-) nn, nv

akil,l,il,Iq- to oppose (her/him); (i) to now have an opponent / aapiyani anaktaqtuani akil,l,il,iġaa he is competing against his brother in the games | +llIQ nn -lIq-1 nv

akil,l,il,iqsuq- (t) to oppose her/him/it @ akil,l,il,iqsui- | +llIQ nn -lIq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv || -I-7 vv

akil,l,IQ opponent, competitor, opposite / akil,l,iñi siġmaaliqsitkaa he is forcing his competitor to work harder | +llIQ nn

akil,l,iqsruq- (t) to oppose her/him @ akil,l,iqsrui- | +llIQ nn +qsruq-1 nv || -I-7 vv

akil,uk(-) beam of light; (t) for it to be illuminated by a beam of light / akil,ukkaa a beam of light shines on it | perhaps -luk(-)4 nn, nv § rel. akił,hun

akił,hun glass lantern chimney; snow reflector, i.e. as in a snowhouse / akił,hutaa nannim navikkaa he broke the glass lantern chimney | -łhun nn

akił,hurraq- (i) to break (of lantern chimney); (t) to break her/his/its lantern chimney | -łhun nn -rraq-2 rv

akil,ulIq- (t) to set a reflector | -lIq-1 nv

akił,ugaq echo, something flashing on and off | -łuk(-)1 nn, vn +[ġ]aq1 vn

akił,uk(-) echo; to echo | -łuk(-)1 nn, nv

akił,uktaq- (i) to echo more than once / atuġman akił,uktaġaqtuq nipaa when he sang, his voice would echo | -łuk(-)1 nn +t/raq-1 vv

akima- to win (it) / akimaruaq tikitqaurraqtuani she won in the race | +ma-1 vn

akimialik thirty-forty rifle (short shells, held fifteen bullets); forty-four gun (old style) | -lik nn

akimiaq fifteen; akimiaq atausiq sixteen; akimiaq malġuk seventeen; akimiaq piŋasut eighteen; akimiaġutail,aq fourteen | :uti-1 vn :il,aq nn; akimiakipiaq three hundred / akimiakipiat iñuit kasimayyaġniqsut three hundred people went to the meeting | +kipiaq nn

akimman victory / akimmatiktiŋ il,itchuġipqauqamirruŋ, iñuich piallaktut the people became very excited when they learned of their victory | +ma-1 vv ‘n1 vn

akiñ pillow, sleeping platform head beam (crossbeam); (Nu) side platform in sod house (one of two platforms opposite each other)

akiññak- (i) to be paid a wage, to get paid | +nnak- nv

akiññaktaaq paycheck, payment received for services given / akiññaktaaŋit naanŋaitkaitsuli they have not finished preparing their paychecks | +nnak- nv +taaq2 vn

akiññaktit- (t) to pay her/him a wage @ akiññaktitchI- / akiññaktitkaaŋa she paid me a wage | +nnak- nv (tit- vv

akiŋŋaI- to criticize ?

akiŋŋaq- (t) to speak boldly to someone; to criticize someone openly; (i) to bounce off repeatedly; to resist impact; to make no impression on someone (of words or scolding) | -ŋŋaq- nv

akiraġaq- (Ti) to echo / nipiga akiraġaqtuq or nipiga akiraġaġaa my voice is echoing | -t/raġaq- vv § see qaiġuatitaq-

akisaq- to fight (her/him) back; take revenge (on her/him); to reciprocate by fighting back | +saq-1 nv

akisu- (i) to be expensive, valuable; to be of some value, worth | +tu- nv

akisutilaaq(-) price; (t) to inquire about its price | +tu- nv (tilaaq(-) vn

akitchaq- to trade, barter, or offer (it) for exchange; (t) to bid for it / akitchaġaluaqtuq iñuich tauqsiġuŋitchut he offered things for sale or barter but people did not want to buy | +tchaq-1 vv

akiuġuti- (i) to quarrel, disagree, fight | :uq-1 nv :uti-2 vv

akiuq- (t) to be opposed to it; to keep responding or answering her/him with gestures (of one who is far away but visible) | +uq-1 vv

akivIk- (t) to prop something (usually a boat) on its side [is it restricted to boats??] / akivikł,ugu umiaq uqquutchiqsut they made a wind shelter for themselves by propping the boat on its side | +vIk-3 v

aki gaff, barb on hook; curved hook-shaped slough off river § rel. akI(-) [is there “akigaa” he secured it with the barb on hook??]

akigaq (Ti), (Nu) large hook, gaff with shaft, e.g. for retrieving bearded seals | +gaq5

akikaq- (i) to be caught with a hook, be secured with an ice hook (of a sled); (t) to catch it with hook, to secure it=sled with an ice hook sled brake | +kaq-1 vv

akititaun sled brake attached to the bottom of the sled with a rope, which usually rides on the sled then thrown on the ground and stepped on for braking / uniat akititautaat iluaqsiuŋ fix the sled brake | +t-2 nv (titaq(-) vv, vn :uti1 vn § also niksikpak under niksIk(-)

akikkI- (i) to make a large hook, gaff with shaft | ‘=I-1 nn § see akigaq

akIt- (t) to hook her/him/it | +t-2 nv [check (i) +lit]

akiġuq knot in wood; (Kob)? branch; (Nu) tine of antler / akiġuligmik tivramik paqittuq he found a piece of driftwood with a knot in it | +ġuq2 n § rel. aagiaq

akim (dem root) over there across (not visible) § rel. *ag

akimna, dual akipkuak, pl akipkua (dem abs pron) that one over there across (not visible) | +na (dem abs sing pron)

akiptuma or akivsruma or akivruma, dual akipkuak , pl akipkua (dem rel pron) that one over there across (not visible) | +tuma (dem rel sing pron)

akiptumanI or akivsrumanI or akivrumanI, dual akipkugnagni, pl akipkunani (dem rel loc pron) located with that one over there across (not visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +anI (dem loc)

akiptumaŋŋa or akivsrumaŋŋa or akivrumaŋŋa, dual akipkugnaŋŋa, pl akipkunaŋŋa from that one over there across (not visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

akiptumatun or akivsrumatun or akivrumatun, dual akipkugnaktun, pl akipkunatitun like that one over there across (not visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +atun (dem sim)

akiptumiŋa or akivsrumiŋa or akivrumiŋa, dual akipkugniŋa, pl akipkuniŋa that one over there across (not visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +iŋa (dem mod)

akiptumuŋa or akivsrumuŋa or akivrumuŋa, dual akipkugnuŋa, pl akipkunuŋa to that one over there across (not visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +uŋa (dem term)

akiptumuuna or akivsrumuuna or akivrumuuna, dual akipkugnuuna, pl akipkunuuna via, with that one over there across (not visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron) +uuna (dem via)

aŋma (dem adv) over there across (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv)

aŋmanI (dem loc adv) located over there across (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

aŋmanIit- (i) to be located over there across (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- to be

aŋmaŋŋa (dem abl adv) from over there across (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

aŋmaŋŋamiñ (dem abl adv) from that direction over there across (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

aŋmaŋŋaq- (i) to come from over there across (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

aŋmuŋa (dem term adv) to over there across (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

aŋmuŋanmun towards over there across (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

aŋmuŋaq- (i) to go over there across (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

aŋmuuna (dem via adv) via, through, by way of over there across (not visible) | uuna (dem via)

aŋmuunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of over there across (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

akiqsruq- to promise § rel. unniqsuqłii-

akiñ pillow § see akI(-)

akisiġun lamp chimney / naniġuam akisiġutaa lamp shade or chimney § also akił,hun

akkaaka paternal uncle; (Nu) maternal or paternal uncle / akkaakani ikayuġiaġaa he has gone to help his uncle § rel. aŋak, aŋaaluk, aŋatchiaq

akkakaa (excl) enough!, what a lot!

akkIq- (t) to catch her/him/it falling (some things i.e. dripping water, something being lowered) / akkiġaa puggutauraq kataksaqtuaq he caught the plate just as it fell § rel. akkuaq-, akI1, akuqtuq-

akkiqsima- (i) to hold onto something to keep it from falling; (t) to hold a container underneath it to catch its contents; to keep a person/it from falling | +sima-2 vv

akkiñ thing used for catching something else | ‘n1 vn

akkiqsimaaq- to hold one’s head in one’s hands (usually as one leans on something) | +simaaq- vv

akku a while ago; some time ago

akkumman after some time had passed, after a short while | +mman (conseq 3s)

akkupaiññaq right at that moment, immediately, right away, shortly thereafter, quickly | +pak2 nn -iññaq2 nn

akkupak right now | +pak2 nn

akkupauraq in a short while, in no time at all; for a little while | +pak2 nn :uraq1 nn

akkusaaq or akkusaaġruk or akkusugruk a long while ago, quite a while ago, much earlier in the day / akkusugruk tautuktaġa I saw her quite a while ago, much earlier today | -saaq4, -saaġruk, +sugruk(-) nn, vv

akkutchiaq food left or saved from a meal to be eaten later / niġiñiġaat akkutchiaŋa they ate the food that she had saved to eat later | +[t]sIq- vv, rv +aq4 vn

akkutchii- to save food from a meal to eat later / aqiattuqłuni akkutchiiruq she is saving some of her food for later comsumption since she is full | +[t]sIq-vv rv -I-11 vv

akkuaq- (t) to catch her/him/it in the air with the hands or arms (by extension); to catch it=an airplane and get on it as it makes its stop; to bite a hook (as a fish); to catch a person before s/he leaves to get on a plane unexpectedly without planning a trip @ akkuaqsI- | +sI-3 vv § rel. akkIq-, akuqtuq-

akkuaġaqti catcher in baseball | +aq-2 vv +t/ri3 vn

akkuaġaun baseball glove, catcher’s mitt | +aq-2 vv :un vn

akkuaġauraq- (i) to play catch (of children) | +aq-2 vv :uraq-2 vv

akłaq brown bear, grizzly

akłauraq medium-sized spider / akłauram muayutchaigaa the spider repulsed her | :uraq1 nn § rel. aasivak

akłunaraq rope (originally of skin)? / akłunaaq naitpaitchuq the rope is much too short

akłunaatchiaq (Nu) braided rope used by hunters, (Ti) string | -atchiaq2 nn

akłunarrI- to make (it into) rope; to make rope (for her/him/it) | ‘=I-1 nv

akłunauraq string, a small cord used to fasten or tie | :uraq1 nn

akł,aa (excl) too bad! (of dismay, of disappointment) § rel. al,akkaa

akmaaq (Nu) flint § see agmaaq

akmaaqtalik flintlock rifle (muzzle-loader) | +t/raq4 vn -lik1 nn

aknaaq- (Nu) (t) to make it too large § see aŋinaaq- under aŋi-

akpa or atpa or aqpa common murre (Uria aalge)

akpak- (i) to reach the top when climbing; to take a step up; to come up through the entrance hole in a traditional subterranean sod house; to come through the door (of a dancer in a dance); to push one’s way through a crowd, make it through a crowded place; to overcome a personal problem, crisis; (t) to reach its top when climbing; to overcome it=a personal problem or crisis / akpakkaat iġġi qitiqqaġman they reached the top of the mountain at noon § rel. qaki-

akpagiaq (Nu) doorsill (on ground), doorstep | +iaq2 vn

akpai- (t) to have someone=obj reach the top before one=subj | -I-10 vv

akpakaq- to barely manage to climb on (to it) | >akpakaqtuq kataqqayauraġaluallaġmi he barely managed to climb after nearly falling off | -kaq-1 vv

akpapqaq- to barely manage to climb on (to it) | -pqaq- vv

akpit- to begin to sing or talk (it) / akpittuq qaukłiat aġġirit sayuunmik = the leader of the Iñupiaq dance group began to sing a motion dance song; atuun akpitkaa aġnam the woman started the song

akpirrun starting point (as an “ice-breaker”in conversation); beginning part (esp. of a song) [does this apply to working, any activity; not restricted to talking and singing?] | +run1 vn

aksIk- to touch (her/him/it); (t) to graze her/him/it with a bullet or an arrow @ aksiksI- / taaġmi patalavluni aġiñaqtuamik aksiksuq while groping in the dark, he felt something wet and soft; aksikkaa aksiyaruaq taliñi he touched his sore arm

aksia- (t) to touch her/him/it lightly; to touch her/him/it as one gropes; to move her/him emotionally; to have an effect on | -a-2 vv

aksiuk- (t) to touch her/him/it; to feel it, to determine something / aksiukkaa uunaġmagaaqługu paniŋmi qauŋa he touched his daughter’s forehead to see if it was hot @ aksiuksi- | -uk-2 vv

aksiya- (i) to be sore, tender to the touch | -ya-2 vv

aksrak- (i) to roll; to slide down a slope (e.g. of an animal when shot); (t) to roll, slide it

aksragiitkutaq barrier to keep something from rolling; one of two rails, along sides of kayak deck, which keeps things from rolling off (two fore and two aft) / aksragiitkutaŋa piiŋamagaat they have removed the object which was used to keep it from rolling | +kutaq vn

aksraktuaq or (Nu) aksraliktualik wheeled vehicle | +tuaq2 (part 3s) § rel. qamun

agralgun (Ti) wheeled vehicle, (e.g. car) | -lik-2 vv :un1 vn § rel. qamun

aksraligaq wheel, tire / aksraligaŋa qamutaata putumaruaq the tire of his car has a hole in it | -lik-2 vv +aq7 vn

aksraligaun wheel | -lik-2 vv +aq-1 :un1 vn § rel. aksraligaq

aksralik- to roll (it) away | -lik-2 vv

aksraluI- (Nu) (i) to roll over and over, tumble down | ?-luk-3 vv -I-9 vv

*aktu (root) from aŋi-

aktuġruaq full-grown male animal | +ġruaq1 nn

aktuiñaġaq (Nu) full-grown male wolf or wolverine | :Iñġaq rn

*aku (root) space inbetween, physical and temporal ?

akuliaq bridge of nose / iñuum igl,ua akuliakitchuq naqinman una akuliaŋa, akuliaqturuq aasii qutchigman a person has a narrow nose bridge when the bridge is low and a wide bridge when it is high | -lI-1 nv (aq4 vn § syn nuŋŋaq

akuliġaq (Nu) land between two rivers, where they join | -liġaq2 rn

akullaQ distance between objects / akullakitchuq kuuk the river is not wide; akullaqturuq quppaq the crack is wide | -llaq2 rn

akullIQ middle one, middle door | -llIQ rn

akunġak ridge between eyebrows; space between two objects / narvak akunġak aqpiuruq there are lots of salmonberries between the two lakes | +niQ1 rn (aq6 nn k (abs poss 3d-3s)

akuni a while; or (Nu) akuniitluni staying a while; or akuniñ a little while | (niñ (abl) it- to be +lunI (contemp 3s) | (niñ (abl)

akunnaq- (i) to pass through, between or among things; (t) to pass through between or among them | +nnaq-2 rv

akunniġun gland between hoofs of sheep, good to eat; a postbase, in Iñupiaq grammar / akunniġusiġl,ugu taamna uqaluk atuqsaġuŋ use that word with a postbase | +niQ1 -ġun nn

akunniQ interval of time or space between two things or events | +nniQ rn

akunniraq- (i) to move amidst a crowd or among things (e.g. buildings, rivers); (t) to move amidst them / akunniraqłuni iñuktigun aŋupqauraġaa paniurani she finally managed to catch her little daughter by going after her through the crowd | +nniQ rn +raq-4 vv

akuttu- (i) to be far apart; to occur at long intervals | +tu- rv

akuttusI- (i) to become farther apart; to occur at longer and longer intervals; to have desire abated after partial satisfaction; (t) to put them farther apart; to satisfy her/his desire partially / uniaġaqtuak akuttusiruk the two dog teams are getting farther apart / akuttusigaa uiñiq the open lead has widened | +tu- rv +sI-1 vv

akuq(-) skirt, hem, lower part of garment; board placed on one side of the keel of a skin boat frame; to put a skirt on (her/him/it); to place the two boards on either side of it=keel of a skinboat frame

akkI(-) (Ti) to make a fancy parka hem (for her)

akuaġutit or akkut fancy trim on botton of parka / akkuŋi qiñiyunapaluktut the fancy trim on the bottom of his parka is beautiful | -aq7 nv -ġun nn +t (pl mkr) ‘-t (pl mkr)

akuaq (Ti), (Nu) lower belly | -aq6 nn

akuqtu- (i) to be too long, of a garment / akuqturuq atigaa his parka is too long | +tu- nv

akuqtuaġun (Nu) white skin (often sheep) around bottom of parka | +tu- nv perhaps -aq(-)7 nn, nv :un1 vn

akuqtuaġutilik (Nu) parka with white skin around bottom | +tu- nv perhaps -aq(-)7 nn, nv :un1 vn -lik1 vn

akuuralik (Nu) parka with trim on bottom and fancy back | :uraq nn -lik1 vn

akuuraq (Nu) trim on bottom edge of parka [lit. small hem] | :uraq nn

akuqtuq- (t) to accept, acknowledge her/him/it; to adopt, accept it=amendment, motion formally and put into effect @ akuqtuI- / akuqtuŋiñmagu iġñiġmi aitchuutaa iłuil,l,iupaluktugut when he did not accept his son’s gift, we felt very uncomfortable | -I-7 vv

akuqtuaksraq a resolution, a formal intent or opinion which will be voted by an official body or assembly | -aq4 vn –ksraq(-) nn, nv

akuqtuaq or akuqtuqtaq a resolution, a formal intent or opinion voted by an official body or assembly; anything or anyone accepted | +t/ruaq2 vn or +tuq-3 vv +t/raq4 vn

akut- to mix or stir it @ akutchI- / akutchiani akutkaa she is stirring the mixture that she is making herself | +sI-3 vv

akutaq bread dough / akutaq nuurruŋ punnilivigñun move the dough into the bread pans | +t/raq4 vn

akutchI- (i) to make Eskimo ice cream (a mixture of melted fat, finely ground meat and chopped meat-all from hoofed animals) | ‘=I-1 nv

akutuq Eskimo ice cream (a mixture of melted caribou fat, finely ground caribou meat and chopped caribou meat) / akutuliuġniqsuaq aakaga I just found out that my mother is making Eskimo ice cream | +tuq5 vn

akuvliqtaq hash | +vliq- vv +t/raq4 vn

akutuak (Nu) a short reddish willow found along rivers in mountains, tundra § rel. uqpIk, uqpivIk, kanuŋŋIQ, mitquapIk, ninŋuq

*akutuq (root) leaf

akutuqpak broad leaf; flat piece on top of pipe bowl where tobacco is inserted | +qpak(-) nn

akutuqpalik leaf, any plant with broad leaves | +qpak(-) nn -lik1 nn [what about the eaves of a house=akuqpalik- jn]

akuummak (Ti) basket § see aguummak

*alaq (root)

alaaq part of mitten or glove that covers the palm of the hand; sole of animal’s paw | -aq6 rn

alannaak soft area of sole of animal’s paw??? | -nnaaq rn -k (dual mkr)

alannaaq (Ti) palm of hand | -nnaaq rn § see utummak

alannaat balls on tips of fingers | -nnaaq rn -t (pl mkr)

*alapi (root) confusion

alapigi- (t) to be unaware of, not notice her/him/it; pay no attention to (her/him/it)| ([g]i-1 vv

alapiŋa- (Ti) (t) to be unaware of, not notice her/him/it | (ŋa- rv

alapisaaq- (t) to try to distract her/him @ alapisaaqłIq-, alapisaaqłii- / alapisaaqłiqsuq uqaqtuamik he is trying to distract the speaker | +pit- vv +saaq-2 vv || -kłIq-1 vv || -I-7 vv

alapit- (i) to become confused, mixed up; (t) to shuffle them=cards @ alapitchI- / alapitkai piannat = he shuffled the cards | +pit- vv || +sI-3 vv § rel. aamit-

alavrak- (Ti) (t) to not pay attention to, not notice her/him/it; to have her/him/it slip one’s mind | =rak- vv

alavrI- (i) to cause oneself to become confused (e.g. by considering various possibilities); (t) to cause her/him to become confused, mixed up | =rI4 vv

alappaa or alappuu (excl) oh, it’s cold!

alappaaq- or alappuuq- (i) to be cold / sil,a alappaaqtuq the weather is cold; >miqłiqtuuraq alappaaġaa upkuaġuŋ the child is cold, close the door | -q-5 ev -q-5 ev

alaq- to look away, turn away (from her/him/it); (t) to give up on trying to catch it=animal one is pursuing / alaġaa he is looking away from her

alaqit- to crane (the neck) to see something far off

alatkaq- to peer over a barrier (at her/him); go and have a look at her/him/it; (i) to reach a point where one can see, e.g. passing a point of land; to rise over the horizon (of sun) / alatkaqtuq aġnanun he looked over the barrier at the women; nukaaluni siñiktuaq aġnaiyaam alatkaġaa the girl looked in on her younger sibling who was sleeping | -kaq-1 nv

algak (Ti) finger § see argak

algagruat (Ti) a large hook, gaff used to get meat out of water, pull meat from whale bones | +ġruaq nn -t (pl mkr)

algaich (Ti) hand | :It (pl mkr)

algiq(-) (Ti) roasted meat; to roast (???even in oven) § see argIq-

alguagi- (Ti) (t) to doubt her/him/it § see arguagi- under argua

alguaŋaaq- (Ti) (i) to behave boldly, boast § see arguaŋaaq-

alguaqtuq- (Ti) (t) to continue to doubt her/him/it § see arguaqtuq-

alguniQ mold-like growth on whale meat or maktak which has been in an ice cellar for a long time; slice of tail cut off for captain who has caught his first whale | +niQ4 vn § rel. aŋirrak

*alġa1 (root)

alġaanI a long time ago | +anI (perhaps dem loc suffix)

alġaaniqsaq(-) or alġaqsaq old artifact; something of long ago; fossilized ivory; (i) to find an ancient object / alġaqsaq paisaġigaa he is keeping the old artifact as a keepsake | +anI (perhaps dem loc suffix) +qtaq nn

*alġa2 (root)

alġaqsruivIk pulpit | +vIk1 vn

alġaqsruq- (t) to preach a sermon to them; to give her/him moral instruction; to counsel her/him; to teach her/him the right, correct way to behave @ alġaqsruI- | qsruq-2 rv || -I-7 vv

alġaqsruirI preacher, minister | qsruq-2 rv -I-7 vv +t/rI3 vn

alġaaq afterbirth, placenta § rel. papaaq

alaġaaġusiq large flat part of caribou’s digestive system (good to eat) |+usiq nn, vn

[SHOULDN'T THE I OF ALAÅAAÅUSIQ BE A STRONG I???]

alġai the other, one of a pair? / alġaiŋa its other (usu. poss) § rel. igl,ua

alġun or aluqvIk animal food dish | perhaps -lġun vn or -q-5 nv +vIk1 vn § see aluk-

alġuraq metal wire § see aliq

*alia (root) lonliness, dullness, humorless

alianait- (i) to be amusing, entertaining, to have a good sense of humor | +naq-1 rv :It-1 vv

alianaq- (i) to be boring, not enjoyable, dull / piiġman aġnaat igluak alianaqsiŋaruq when his wife died, their house became a sad place to be in | +naq-1 rv

alianniuq- (i) to be lonesome, to be quiet and sad; to be bored | +naq-2 rn ‘=iuq-2 nv

aliasaaq- (t) to try to make her/him to feel lonely or sad @ aliasaaqłIq- or aliasaaqłii- | +saaq-2 vv || -kłIq-1 vv

aliasugi- (Ti) (t) to miss her/him/it, be saddened by her/his absence | -suk-2 vv +[g]i-1 vv

aliasuk- (i) to feel lonely and sad | -suk-2 vv

aliasuŋIt- (i) to have fun | -suk-2 vv (ŋIt-1 vv

aliiqsiaq- (i) to take a vacation, to leave home to “get away from it all” / panimiñun aliiqsiaġiaŋaruq she has gone to her daughter to get away from it all | :Iq-2 rn +[t]sIq- vv +aq-1 vv

aliiqsIq- (i) to be on vacation ?? | :Iq-2 rn +sIq-4 vv

alIIt- (i) to not feel lonely or sad (said of an invalid, someone living alone who might be lonely) | :It-1 rv

aliitkugauraq source of pleasure, that which makes one happy; affectionate term for someone who makes one happy | :It-1 rv +kun vn =[g]auraq nn

aliitkun pastime, hobby, entertainment | :It-1 rv (note: final vowel a of *alia is deleted to avoid a three vowel cluster) +kun vn

alik- to tear or rip (it) @ aliksI- / aqsaurrautigivlugu alipalukkikpuk wed sure ripped it fighting over it || +sI-3 vv

aligaaġuti- (i) to come loose, fall out by tearing; to tear out of an animal, of a harpoon head | +aq-1 vv :uti-3 vv

aligaq- to tear (it); (i) to be sad, “torn up” | +aq-1 vv

aligiitkutiksraq (Nu) trim, bias for sewing | +IItkuti vn -ksraq nn

allaiq- to no longer have any holes; (t) to mend its hole @ allaiqsi- | ‘-Q4 vn :Iq-2 nv

allaiyaq- (t) to mend or patch its hole @ allaiyaI- | ‘-Q4 vn :Iyaq- nv || -I-7 vv

allaQ a perforation, hole; tear | ‘-Q4 vn

alliraq- or alliraaq- (i) to go around with a hole in one’s clothing / alliraġuuruq il,iappauvluni he wears torn clothing because he is poor | ‘-Q4 vn -raq-4 nv

aliQ (Ti) harpoon line

alġuraq metal wire | :uraq1 nn

aliqsIk a pair of knee-high fur socks; (Ti) women’s breeches with fur inside | -k (dual mkr)

aliuq- (i) to be amazed, astonished, astounded, to marvel / aliuqtuqsuli itqaqamiuŋ he was still amazed when he remembered it

aliugaq ghost

aliuġataq- (i) to experience a hallucination, supernatural event | +ataq-3 vv

aliuġnaġaa (excl) how amazing! wow! | +naq-1 vv +kaa (perhaps indic 3s-3s)

aliuġnaq- (i) to be awesome, wonderful, amazing / aŋatkuutai aliuġnaqtut his shamanic powers are awesome; aliuġnaqtuq uvamni in my opinion he is amazing | +naq-1 vv

aliuġun one held in awe

aliuġusuk- (i) to be amazed, in awe, impressed by something unexpected | +[s]uk-1 vv -suk-2 vv

>aliuġutigi- (t) to be in awe of her/him/it / anaktaqtuaq aliuġutigigaat they are in awe of the participant in the competitive games | :un1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

aliuqsaaq- (t) to try to awe or astonish her/him; to tell tall tales to her/him @ aliuqsaaqłIq- or aliuqsaaqłII- / aŋun aliuqsaaqłiqsuaq naalaktuannaraaġaat they are enjoying the man who is telling tall tales; aliuqsaaġai aŋutim unipkaaqtim the storyteller is trying to astonish them | +saaq-2 vv || +kłIq-1 vv, -I-7 vv

aliuqtuġnaq enigma, one that is inexplicable | +tuq-2 vv +naq2 vn

aliuqtuq- (i) to see a ghost, to hallucinate; to experience something supernatural, amazing / aliuqtuqłuni aapani tautugnasugigaa he thought he saw his father while hallucinating | +tuq-2 vv

alivsuk or alivsuuraq premature baby | suk2 nn or suk2 nn :uraq1 nn § rel. alġaaq

alivsuk- (i) to have a miscarriage / aġnaq siŋaiyauvaallugmiruaq alivsuktuq oh, it was the woman’s first pregnancy and she had a miscarriage [???not have a preemie?] | suk2 nn -k-4 nv

alla another one, different one, something strange / allamik aitchuŋŋa give me another one

allagi- (t) to feel or sense that she/he/it is different, changed, unfamiliar or unrecognizable | +[g]i1 nv

allaksraIt- (i) to be exactly like something or someone; to be as similar to something as anything will ever be; (t) to be exactly like her/him/it, to resemble her/him/it to the point where one would err in distinguishing one from the other | +ksraq1 nn :It-1 nv

allanaq- (i) to be strange / sil,a upinġaapak allanaqtuq uunaqpaił,ł,uni the weather this summer has been unusual because it has been so hot | +naq-1 nv

allaŋŋuġniaġniksraq impact, change of status quo | (ŋuq-2 nv +niaq-2 vv +niQ1 vv -ksraq(-)1 nn, nv

allaŋŋuq- (i) to be changed, different from before | (ŋŋuq-2 nv

allasuk- (i) to react apprehensively to something unfamiliar; to be fearful of strangers (often said of a child); (Ti) to begin labor (of a woman giving birth) / aaquaksraq allasuktuq timimiñik naŋiliqsaqami the old woman sensed the difference in her body just before becoming ill | +suk-3 nv

allatuq- (i) to commit adultery | +tuq-3 nv

allatuun adultery, fornication(??) | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

allayuaġi- (t) to feel uneasy because of her/him/it, not knowing what to expect; to feel uncomfortable with someone unfamiliar | +yuaq- nv +[g]i-4 vv

allayuaġniQ an unidentified object, fantastic vision, e.g. Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) | +yuaq- nv +niQ1 vn

allayuaq- (i) to feel shy, bashful among strangers (of small children); to feel uneasy, apprehensive in an unfamiliar situation; to see something strange, different from what one has seen before, to see something unrecognizable, have a vision | +yuaq- nv

allayuqqaq strange object | +yuqqaq? n

allaIq- (t) to mend the holes in something § see alik-

allaiyaq- (t) to mend or patch its hole § see alik-

allaQ a perforation, hole § see alik-

allaq- (Ti) to be clear (of weather) / allaqtuq or allaġaa the weather is clear § rel. sil,aŋŋuq-

allaġniQ clear sky | +niQ1 rn

allait- to be overcast

allaqtit- to be clear and very calm weather | -tit-2 vv

allaQ or allatchiaq breast meat of a bird| +tchiaq3 nn § rel. tuttuuraq

allaqtiq-, allaqtiġi- wipe dry, clean

alliaq tent floor made of willows or shrub birch § see ati

alliġaq bottom skin of bedding; mattress § see ati

alliġauraq or alliatchiaq saucer, small dish § see ati

allimġaq lower tooth § see ati

alliñaaq bottom section § see ati

alliñaat (Ti) lower teeth§ see ati

alliñiQ lower area § see ati

allIQ one on the bottom § see ati

allIq- (i) to be deep § see ati

>alliraaq ???

alliraq- (i) to go around with a hole in one’s clothing § see alik-

alliuġun pot for cooking dog food § see aluk-

alliuq- to make soup, mush for dogs § see aluk-

allu seal’s breathing hole in the ice § rel. qiŋaaġaġvIk

alluaq ice fishing hole; sealing hole | -aq6 nn

alluaqsiuq- to hunt seals through the breathing holes | +siuq- nv

allut- or allukuaq- to kill a seal through its breathing hole / aŋuniaqti alluttuq natchiġmik the hunter killed a seal through its breathing hole | +t2 nv or -kuaq- nv also allutkaa (t)

allutuqtuaq aġviq bowhead whale trapped by ice with a breathing hole in the shape of a polygon | +tuq3 nv +t/ruaq vn § rel. qiŋaaġaġvIk

alluvak seal’s breathing hole large enough to place a net in / alluvagmik paqitchikami kuvrani il,iñiusiġaa when he found a seal’s breathing hole suitable for placing a net, he proceeded to place his net in it | -vak1 nn

alluiyaq a long wooden plate with hollow area in the middle

alu sole of foot or of footwear / kamiŋata alua anŋikkaa she is sewing a patch over the hole in his boot sole

aluġuaq(-) piece of skin or something on sole of boot to make it less slippery; (t) to put a piece of skin on sole of boot to prevent slippage | -ġuaq3 nn

aluġun sandal, shoe, dog booties / aluġutini qaitkaik nukaalugmiñun he gave his sandals to his younger sister | -ġun nn

aluiyaq- (i) to clean the soles of one’s footwear; (t) to clean the soles of her/his footwear | :Iyaq- nv

aluiyaun doormat / aluiyaun ivsugiaġaa he has gone out to shake the doormat | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

aluaq coal / aluaq ail,aqłuni ikitchiġiitchuq the coal is difficult to ignite because it is wet

aluaqaġvIk coal scuttle | -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

aluaqsaq- to haul coal (for her/him) / aluaqsaqtuq aakamiñun he is hauling coal for his mother | +saq-1 nv

aluaqsaun burlap sack / aluaqsaun sil,ivitkaat annuġaalugnik they filled up the burlap sack with old clothes | +saq-1 nv :un1 vn § syn. miitchuk

alurriqi- (i) to work with coal; to mine for coal | =rriqi- nv

alurriqirI coal miner | =rriqi- nv +t/rI3 vn

alugraaq(-) (Ti) seal oil dip; to dip (it=food) in seal oil

aluk(-) dog mush; (i) to lap food in with the tongue; (t) to lick her/him/it once | -k-4 nv

alġun or aluqvIk animal food dish | perhaps -lġun vn

alliuq- (i) to make mush for dogs; (t) to make them into soup mush for the dogs, or to make mush for dogs / nukatpiam alliuġai qimmit the young man is making mush for the dogs | ‘=Iuq- nv

alliuġun cooking pot for dog food | ‘=Iuq- nv :un1 vn

alugvIk salt-lick | -k-4 nv +vIk1 vn

aluktinniQ snow cliff | (tit-1 vv +nniQ1 vn

aluksrautik two fingers dipped into oil then licked | -ksraq(-)1 nn, nv :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

aluktuq- (t) to lick her/him/it repeatedly | +tuq-2 vv

aluqvIk container for portioning dog food | -q-5 nv +vIk1 vn

alumiġaq- to be cordial, hospitable

alumiġaIt- (i) to lack hospitality and regard for others | :It-1 nv

>alupaaġIIk a pair of whales swimming together | +[g]IIk vn

aluuttaq1 or aluuttaun spoon; (Ti) tablespoon | +ttaq(-) vn, vv or +ttaq(-) vn, vv :un1 vn

aluuttaġaaq bite-sized bits of fried meat with gravy; (Ti) something eaten with a spoon, e.g. soup, mush | +ttaq(-) nv, vv +aq-1 vv (aq4 vn

aluuttaġaq- to eat (it) with a spoon | +ttaq(-) vn, vv +aq-1 vv

aluuttaqpak or aluuttautiqpak basting spoon; big spoon | +ttaq(-) vn vv +qpak(-) vv, nn | :un1 vn

aluuttauraq teaspoon | +ttaq(-) vn, vv :uraq(-) vn, vv

aluuttaq2 part of trap which is triggered when animal steps on it | perhaps -uttaq nn? rel. aluuttaq1

alvik (Ti) whale rib placed under a sealskin which is being cleaned § see arvik

alvik- (Ti) (i) to run down a slope, downhill; (t) to run down it (slope) § see ati-, arvik

al,akkaa (excl) alas! oh, no! something didn’t go right § rel. akł,aa

al,l,ai (excl) yukk! expresses displeasure at unacceptable behavior or unsuitable conditions § rel. aallalii

*am (dem root) over there (not visible) § rel. av

amanI located over there (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

amanIit- (i) to be located over there (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

amaŋŋa from over there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

amaŋŋamiñ from that direction over there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

amaŋŋaq- (i) to come from over there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

amma over there (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

amna, dual apkuak, pl apkua that one over there (not visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

amuŋa to over there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

amuŋanmun towards over there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

amuŋaq- (i) to go over there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

amuuna via, through, by way of over there (not visible) | uuna (dem via)

amuunaaq- via, through, by way of over there (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

aptuma or avsruma or avruma, dual apkuak, pl apkua that one over there (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +a ???

aptumanI or avsrumanI or avrumanI, dual apkugnagni, pl apkunani located with that one over there (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +anI (dem loc)

aptumaŋŋa or avsrumaŋŋa or avrumaŋŋa, dual apkugnaŋŋa, pl apkunaŋŋa from that one over there (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

aptumatun or avsrumatun or avrumatun, dual apkugnaktun, pl apkunatitun like that one over there (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +atun (dem sim)

aptumiŋa or avsrumiŋa or avrumiŋa, dual apkugniŋa, pl apkuniŋa with that one over there (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +iŋa (dem mod)

aptumuŋa or avsrumuŋa or avrumuŋa, dual apkugnuŋa, pl apkunuŋa to that one over there (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +uŋa (dem term)

aptumuuna or avsrumuuna or avrumuuna, dual apkugnuuna, pl apkunuuna via, with that one over there (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +uuna (dem via)

amaamak- (i) to suckle (of baby) / nalaquyauraq amaamaktuq aakamiñiñ the infant is nursing from his mother’s breast | +mak- rv? § rel. miluk-

amaaq small secondary root of plant, e.g. spruce root with which baskets are made

amaġuq wolf, grey wolf (Canis lupus) § see +quq

amaġupiaq white, gray wolf

amaġuuraq coyote

amai (excl) yes; (interrog) isn’t that so; (Ti) I don’t know § see amay

amak- to carry something for a period of time

>amanilik or amanilIk or amanil,ik or amaniilIk or aminilik hoofed animal intestines which are emptied, chopped and fried in their own fat | +[?]

amaq(-) dorsal fin; (t) to put her/him/it on one’s back to carry her/him/it @ amaqsI- || +sI-3 vv

amaaġun or amaunnaq parka for carrying baby on one’s back | +aq-1 vv :un1 vn or :unnaq vn

amaaq something or someone carried on the back | (aq4 vn

amaaq- to carry (her/him/it) on one’s back | +aq-1 vv

amaqsI- (i) to put one’s arms behind one’s back | +sI-3 vv

amaqsimaaq- (i) to keep one’s arms behind one’s back | +simaaq- vv

amaqtuuq humpback salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) | +tuuq1 nn

ammaktaq animal skin worn on back as amulet

amau or amaułuk great-grandparent; great-grandchild / amauni atchiutiŋagaa she named one of her children after her great-grandparent / aaquaksram amaułuni tuqłuġaa the old woman called her great-grandchild by his kinship name | +łuk2 nn

amauligruaq common eider (Somateria mollissima) | perhaps +ġruaq1 nn

amaullik or (Ti) amaulligaaluk male common eider

amaułłigaaluk or (Nu) amautligaq snow bunting, snowbird (Plectrophenax nivalis)

amay (Ti) I don’t know § rel. atchu, nalu-

>amiaku remainder

amiamI or amiamikii (excl) well....based on whatever...; well, just the same | reduplication of ami (encl) +kii

amigaq- (i) to be insufficient / amigaqtut tupiliuqtuat they ran out of material for finishing the tent | -gaq-1 v

>amikkIt- (i) to run short of something, e.g. skins for a boat / amikkił,ł,utiŋ aġiurut they stopped when they ran out of supplies | -gaq-1 v ‘=It-1 vv

amii or amma (Nu) (interrog) that’s right, isn’t it?

amilluti- (t) to gang up on her/him/it; to work together as a group on it @ amillurrI- | :uti-2 vv || :uti-2 vv -rI-6 vv

aminilik § see amanalik

amIq(-) animal hide, pelt, skin covering on boat or kayak frame; to put a hide covering on it=boat or kayak frame § rel. tuut-

AmiġaiqsivIk month of August (lit “time when the velvet sheds from the caribou’s antlers”) [John Simpson, XI. 1853 July 25, A-mi-rak’-si-win] | +[ġ]aq2 nn :Iq-2 nv +sI-3 vv +vIk1 vn

amiġaq tree bark; velvet on caribou antlers | +[ġ]aq2 nn § rel. qaalu

amiġaq(-) certain kind of skin sewing stitch which makes a seam waterproof, used especially when sewing skin boat covers or waterproof boots; (t) to sew it using a waterproof stitch | +[ġ]aq1 vn

amiġl,uk(-) chapped skin, scab; (i) to be rough, chapped (of skin); to be scarred (of skin); to form a scab; (Nu) an old tree bark / amiġl,uktuq ikusia his elbow is chapped / amiġl,uksivl,uni mamittuq kil,l,iŋa his cut healed forming a scar / amiġluktuq a scab is forming / amiġlukkaa kil,l,iġa a scab is forming on my cut | +luk(-)1 nv, nn § see qaligluk(-)

amiġlulI- (Ti) to become dry, chapped (of skin); to dry (of meat) / kiiñaġa amiġluliruq my face is chapped; amiġluligaa niqi the meat is becoming dry | +luk(-)1 nv, nn -lI-2 nv

amiġl,I- to become chapped (of part of the body) / siqiñġum amiġl,igaa kiiñaŋa the sun is making her face chapped | -lI-2 nv

amiiġruk- (i) to scrape one’s skin, without making it red; (t) to scrape it=one’s skin without making it red | :Iq-2 nv +ruk-1 vv

amIIq- (i) for the skin covering of a boat or kayak frame to be now removed; (t) to remove its skin, skin covering or peel | :Iq-2 nv

amiksraq hide for use in making a boat cover, house or drum / qil,autim amiksraŋanik aitchuġaa he gave her a piece of hide for making a drum | +ksraq1 nn

amiku remainder from cutting skin or hide / amikuŋi tutquġai he stored the remainder of the hide away | -ku(-) nn

amiqsuq- (i) to eat the skin from tanning or, in the case of ducks, from skinning / ikuktuaq amiqsullaaraqtuq the tanner would occasionally take a piece of the skin and eat it | +tuq-3 nv § see mamisuq-

amiun braided sinew for sewing boat skins together | :un1 vn

amiun (Ti) (PB) three-cornered skin-sewing needle for boat skins; sinew for boat skins | :un1 vn § see quagrulik under quagruk

amirġaq- (i) to be many § syn iñugiak-

amirriaq food left over from preparing meal; remainder § rel. il,aku under il,a(-)

amIt- (i) to be narrow, slim, slender

amigl,I- or amikł,I (i) to wane (of moon); to become narrower, more slender, slimmer / aġnaat amikł,ipaluksimaruq his wife has gotten much slimmer | -glI- vv (devoiced -kłI- vv)

amikł,il,aaq- (t) to make it narrower | -kłI- vv +laaq-1 vv

amil,ġaq or amirġaq radius bone in forearm; fibula | +[ġ]aq1 vn

amil,ġuq narrow part (of any object) / amil,ġuagun sauniq navignaqtuq when one wants to break a bone one should break it in its narrow part | +ġuq2 n

>amił,huyuk one tall and skinny / nukatpiaq ikka hii amił,huyuk that young man over there is tall and skinny | -łhuyuk vn

amma (excl) (Nu) really?

ammi (excl) don’t be stupid!

ammiumaa (excl) oh, don’t be stupid!; don’t you dare!; that’s nonsense!

ammuaq place on the ice at whaling camp where the skin boat is kept, where it can be easily put in the water; box of gun cartridges or shotgun shells / piŋasunik ammuanik atuqtut qaukkiaqtuat the duck hunters used three boxes of shells § see (Ti) ammuq

amu- (i) to be pulled out; to slide back into water after beginning to surface (of a seal); (t) to pull her/him/it out; withdraw money from a bank; to get C.O.D. from the post office @ amusI- amurI- / nukatpiaġruk aqayamun kalivittuaq amugaa aapiyaŋata the young boy who got stuck in the mud was pulled out by his elder brother; amuriruq kuvramik he pulled out a fishnet || +sI-3 vv, +rI-7 vv

>ammuktuq- (t) to pull it (e.g. a net) from under the ice with a rope line | ‘-k-2 vv +tuq-2 vv

>ammuktuun rope line attached to fish net under ice / ammuktuun nuqitchaqługu kiktuġaġaa the rope line attached to the fish net under the ice snapped as he started to pull it out | ‘-k-2 vv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

>ammun net rope / kuvram ammutiksraŋanik aikł,iqsuq he went to get a rope to pull the net out | ‘n1 vn

ammuq (Ti) place on the ice at whaling camp where the skin boat is kept, where it can be easily put in the water | ‘-Q4 vn

amuaq- (t) to pull her/him/it up and out | +aq-1 vv

>amuma something pulled out | +ma2 vn

amuraġaaq drawer (furniture) | +raġaaq vn

amuraġaat dresser, chest of drawers / amuraġaat uqumaiñmiruat anillagruaġai exhibiting great strength he moved the heavy dresser out | +raġaaq vn +t (pl mkr)

amuuġun (Ti) one of two ice-fishing sticks, used to wind line around and pull up fish

>amuuq- (t) to pull it (e.g. fish line) up and out; to keep pulling them out | .-q-1, '-q- vv, rv

amuuqqaq- (t) to pull them out | -+q-1, '-q- vv, rv =qaq-3 rv, vv

anaa (Nu) (excl) oh my!

anaaq (Ti) cousin § see aññaq

>anaaq- (t) to bruise her/him

>anaaġniq bruise | +niQ1 vn

anaaqtit- get bruised

anaggusimaaq- (i) to be leaning on something securely | +simaaq- vv

anak- (t) to surpass her/him @ anaksI- / aapiyani anakkaa suaŋagaluaqtuq he surpassed his elder brother even though he is very strong | +sI-3 vv

>anaġvIk- (t) to beat her/him soundly in a game, to “skunk” her/him @ anaġviksI- / taammaqatini anaġvikkaa he skunked his opponent in a game of checkers | +vIk-3 vv || +sI-3 § rel. anaqhiaq-

anaġviktauruaq in checkers where the opponent wins a game where one of your men is not able to move | +vIk-3 vv (t/raq4 vn :u- nv +t/ruaq vn § rel. akiit- under akI1

>anakkisaaq- to challenge (her/him) to a competition; to compete by daring others to surpass one’s feat / anakkisaaqtuak aġnaqatigiik two cousins are challenging each other to compete | +kkIt- vv -saaq-1 vv

anakkIt- (i) to go out and perform a feat expecting others to try to surpass the performance; to ask for a rematch or another type of competition (of a losing team) | +kkIt- vv

anaksIt- (Ti) (i) to desire a rematch | perhaps +sIt- vv ??

anaktaq- (i) to hold/participate in competitive games; to compete in sports / anaktaqtut qargimi they are holding competition games in the communal house | +t/raq-1 vv

anaktiksraIt- (i) to be the best at something | +t/ri3 vn +ksraq1 nn :It-1 nv

>anaqhiaq- (t) to win a contest without allowing opponents to win first or second game / akil,l,iñi anaqhiallaan akiisitkaa he beat his opponent without him ever scoring | -qhi- vv +aq-1 vv § rel. anaġvIk-

anaq(-) excrement, feces; to defecate (it, on it); (i) to shoot (of a star) / qimmIt anaŋIt piiyakkIt go remove the dog feces

anaaġaq- to keep defecating, “have the runs” | +-aq-1 vv +-aq-1 vv

anaġlu or >(Nu) anaqłuk black sediment on ice which becomes visible in spring as the ice melts | +łuk1 nn

anaġnaq laxative / anaġnaqtuqugaa iñuunniaqtim the doctor wants him to take a laxative | +naq2 vn

anaġvIk toilet, bathroom, outhouse / anaġvitchiamik tauqsiqsuq he bought a new toilet | +vIk1 vn

anallaIq- (i) to become constipated | -lla- vv :Iq-2 vv

anaqhiaq- (i) to have diarrhea suddenly | -qhiaq- vv

anaqsiuġayuk dung fly | +siuq- nv +aq-2 vv -yuk vn

anaqtaq- (i) to have diarrhea | +t/raq-1 vv

>anaqtitaun enema equipment / anaqtitautit tutquġai she put the enema equipment away | +titaq- vv :un1 vn

Anaqtuuvak Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska | +tu- nv :u-4 vv +vak1 vn § see orig. Naqsraq

anniqi- (i) to make a mess when defecating (of child) | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

uvluġiam anaŋa shooting star

anaŋŋaa (Ti) (excl) how cute! § see aattai, aaññaŋaa

anaŋŋaaq- (i) to be cute | -q-5 rv

>anaŋŋaq or anaŋŋauraq (Ti) sibling or cousin § rel. aññaq

*anaqa (root) evening

anaqagu this evening still to come; (Nu) tonight | -gu

anaqaksraq evening

anaqaksrI- (i) to spend the evening; to work the evening shift | +ksraq1 nn =I-3 nv

anaqamI in the evening | (mI (loc)

anaqapak tonight, this evening / anaqapak kasimaniaqtut they will have a meeting this evening | -pak2 rn

anaqasaaġiaq late afternoon, early evening / anaqasaaġiamiimma anikami she has been out since late afternoon | -saaq-1 rv +iaq2 vn

anaqatchauraq or anaqatchiaq early evening | +tchiaq1 rn

anau- (t) to hit her/him/it with the arm or with something held @ anausI- / ayuktaq anaugaa he hit the ball || +sI-3 vv

anaullaġaq- (Ti) (i) to play baseball | -llaq-1 vv +aq-1 vv

anaullaġaqti (Ti) batter in baseball | -llaq-1 vv +aq-1 vv +t/ri3 vn

anaullaq- (t) to hit her/him/it repeatedly with something held in the hand | -llaq-1 vv

anaullaun club, something to hit with | -llaq-1 vv +un1 or +uti1 vn

anaumIk- (t) to hit her/him/it repeatedly with the arm or with something held in the hand | +mIk-1 vv

anauraġaq- (i) to play baseball | +raġaq-1 vv

anauraġaqti baseball player | +raġaq-1 vv +t/ri3 vn

anauraġaun baseball bat / anauraġaun naitpaitchuq the baseball bat is too short | +raġaq-1 vv :un1 vn

anauraġauraq(-) softball game (i) to play softball | +raġaq-1 vv :uraq-2 vv

>anautailaq (Ti) .45-.70 rifle [lit. no hammer] | -taq(-)7 vn :Ilaq nn ???

anauttaq(-) axe; upper hind leg; (Nu) femur, upper leg bone; (i) to use an axe; (t) to chop it with an axe / anauttaqługu avguġaa quaksraq he chopped up the frozen meat with an axe; anauttamnik atuġiñ use my axe | +ttaq(-) vn | -taq(-)7 vn

anauvak(-) (Ti) bird net at end of long stick (for murres); (t) to get it=bird with bird net

*anaya (root) wariness, caution

anayagi- (t) to be wary of her/him/it or for her/him | +[g]i-2 rv

anayaktuq- or anayaktuaq- (Ti) (i) to be cautious, careful in a dangerous place; to get up carefully, move cautiously (of a sick person) | perhaps -k-4 rv +tuq-2 vv or +tuaq-1 vv

anayanaq- (i) to be dangerous, requiring caution / siku anayanaqtuq innail,imman the ice is dangerous at this time of the year | +naq-1 rv

anayanniuq- (i) to experience something dangerous, to show anxiety / anayanniuqłutiŋ ataaqtuqtuat airut the whalers went home because they were afraid for their safety | +naq2 rn ‘=Iuq-2 nv

anayasuk- (i) to be cautious, careful in a dangerous situation / anayasukłuni qail,l,iġmi tulaktuq he came ashore because he was afraid of the ocean waves | +suk-3 rv

anI- (i) to go out; to exit; to be born / anil,iqtuq il,ani aipqauraġmata he went out as soon as his relatives went home

ania- (i) to go out as a group / aniarut kasimmavigmiñ they all went out of the meeting house together | -a-1 vv

aniguq- (i) to pass through, to come out the other side | +guq- vv

aniiġaaq- (i) to be outside enjoying the weather, the out-of-doors; to take a break after staying inside | ‘q-1 vv +aaq(-)1 vv

aniiġauraq- (i) to be outside spending time with someone of the opposite sex / niviaqsiaq ivaqtan aniiġauraqtuq the young woman you are looking for is out with her boyfriend | -q-1 vv +aq-1 vv :uraq-2 vv

anIIq- (i) to be outside / aniiqsuq kiani he is out there (near the house) | -q-1 vv

aniiqsuaq- (i) to relax or play outside / anniiqsuaqtuq piuraaqatimiñi he is playing outside with his playmate | -q-1 vv +tuaq-1 vv

anil,l,aktaq- (Ti) to surface suddenly; breach (of a whale); to jump out (of a fish) | +llaktaq- vv

anił,ł,aktaq- (i) to exit enraged; to storm out / anił,ł,aktaġmiñak il,aanniuvva putukkiviñaġniaqtutin you shouldn’t go out enraged one of these times you will stumble and fall | +łłaktaq- vv § see aniniġluk-, animaġluk-

animaġluk- or aniñiġluk- (Ti) (i) to storm out | +maqłuk- vv or -niġluk- vv § rel. anił,ł,aktaq-

aniñiQ (Nu) birth; birthplace | +niQ1

aniŋa- (i) to have a bump or lump on it; to be convex | (ŋa- vv

aniŋarualiqsuq- (Ti) (i) to get hives | (ŋa- vv +t/ruaq vn (part 3s) -lIq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

anipkaq- to let (him/he/,it) out, to release (him/he/,it) out of confinement | +pkaq-1 vv

aniqan sibling / aniqatinil,u atuqtuk he is singing with his sibling | (qan1 vn § rel. nuka, anayu

>aniqqammiaq or aniqqammialauraq or aniqqammiayaaq or (Ti) aniqqammiuraq or (Nu) anil,ġammiaq newborn; infant (human or animal) / aniqqammialauraq aggisuutigaa naŋirviŋmiñ she took the newborn baby home from the hospital | (qqammIq- vv (aq4 vn +laaq3 nn =uraq1 nn

aniraġaatchiaq- (Ti) (i) to play a game where one jumps through one’s arms with hands clasped in front | +t/raġaq- vv -atchiaq(-)3 vn

anisaanmun or (Nu) anisaatmun in a downriver direction | -saaq-1 vv +mun (term)

anisaaq- (i) to enter the open ocean from a channel or river; (Nu) (i) to travel downstream on ice or land (not on water) | -saaq-1 vv

anisaqnIq- (Nu) to blow downstream from mountains (of wind) | -saaq-1 vv +nIq-3 vv

anisaġniQ current flowing out from shore; wind blowing downstream from mountains | +saq-3 vv +niQ1 vn

>anisIq- (i) to depart because of ill feelings | +sIq-4 vv

anit- (t) to put, throw her/him/it out; to expel him; to place it outside; to thrust it outside; to begin it=speech or song; (Ti) (t) to be carried out to sea, drift out to sea § anitchI- / quaq auŋaiñŋaan anitkaa qanitchanun he put the frozen meat in the porch before it thawed out | +t-1 vv || +sI-3 vv

anitaq an outcast; one who has been sent away, cast out | (t-1 vv (t/raq4 vn

anitchaaq (Nu) beginning (of word, song, story book) | +ti1 vv +saq-2 vv -aq4 vn

anitchaun beginning; initial sound (of something, e.g. a word or song) / anitchautaa atuutim il,itkaat they learned the beginning of the song | +t-1 vv +saq-2 vv :un1 vn § also akpirrun

>anitchiq- (t) to wait for it=animal to come out of its den, hole or burrow § anitchII- (i) to wait for it=an animal to come out of its den, hole or burrow | +[t]sIq- vv -I-9 vv

aniuġIq- (i) to go in and out | -uġIq- vv

aniuq- (i) to come out steadily, continuously; (Ti) (i) to break out in pimples or fever rash | :uq-2 vv

aniuraaq- to slowly file out of a dance hall as part of a dance |–uraaq-1 vv

anniñ birth; birthplace | perhaps ‘-n1 vn

anniññaaq exit; mouth of river | perhaps ‘=It-3 vv +naaq2 vn § rel. paa

anniññIq hole in ocean ice made by river current | +nnIQ1 vn

anniqi- (t) to go out and deal with a person who’s making trouble | ‘qi- vv

annisi- or annisuuti- (t) to take her/him/it out § annisuurrI- | ‘ti-2 vv or ‘ti-2 vv +uti-2 vv -rI-6 vv

annisIq- (i) to bail oneself out of jail; (t) to bail her/him out of jail / aŋutaata annisiġaa aġnaq tigutaaqtauruaq her husband bailed the woman out of jail | ‘ti1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

annIt- to flow out, sream out ? | ‘=It-3 nv, vv ?

annivIk birthday; birthplace | ‘+vIk1 vn

annivil,iqi- to celebrate one’s birthday | -lIqi- vv

>aniŋaq or aniŋak older brother / aniŋani taluġipiaġaa he really respects his older brother § rel. aapiyaq, aŋayuk

aniq- to speak, say to (her/him) § rel. uqaq-

aniġniġIq- (i) to stop breathing; to become unable to breathe | +niQ1 vn :Iq- nv

aniġniQ breath | +niQ1 vn

aniġnitchiaq- (i) to pant, to be short of breath / aniġnitchiaqtuq aqpatqaaqłuni he was short of breath after running / puvagiił,ł,uni aniġnitchiaġuuruq he pants all the time because he has asthma | +niQ1 vn +tchiaq-2 nv

aniqsaapak(-) a sigh (i) to sigh once / aniqsaapaktuq aipkaġniaŋisimammani he sighed when they told him he wouldn’t have to go home | -saaq-1 vv -pak(-)3 vv, vn

aniqsaappIt- (i) to catch one’s breath / igliqtuallakłutiŋ iluqatiŋ nutqaqamiŋ aniqsaappitkaqsirut they all began to catch their breath when they stopped after travelling for a while | -saaq-1 vv -pak3 rn ‘=It-3 nv

aniqsaaq- (i) to take a breath / il,unmun aniqsaaqtuq iñuunniaqtim aniqsaaqummani he took a deep breath when the doctor told him to | -saaq-1 vv

aniqsraaqtuq- (t) to tell her/him with determination | +ksraaq- vv +tuq-1 vv

aniqtiġi- (i) to be breathing | +tiġi- vv

aniqtiġluaqi- (Ti) (i) to pant, be short of breath | +tiq-3 vv +luaq-1vv -qi- vv

aniqtipkaq- (i) to be panting, short of breath / aniqtipkaqtuq qilamiqsruqpaił,ł,uni she was panting from rushing too much | +tiq-3 vv +pkaq-2 vv § rel. qiniqqaluk-

aniqtipkI- (i) to be out of breath | +tipkaq- vv perhaps =I-3 vv ?

aniqsa (excl) luckily, good thing! which prompts the use of the Kiisaimmaa mood / aniqsaimña tautugiaqpigu aullaŋaiñŋaan luckily I went to see her before she left

aniu packed snow / aniu maŋaqsipaluktuq the snow sure looks dirty § rel. aniguyyaq

aniguyyaq (Nu) anigutyaq snow shelter; winter den (for female polar bear) / aniguyyamun annaktut anuqqagman they found shelter in the snow house when it got windy | +yyaq1 vn § rel. aniu, qakummavIk, apuyyaq under apun, saggutyaq

aniguyyaqtuq- (i) to live in snow house; to live in winter den (of female polar bear) | +yyaq1 vn +tuq-3 nv

aniuliqsuq- (t) to fill it=drinking water container with snow § aniuliqsui- / aniuliqsuiganikpisik have you two finished filling the water container with snow? | -lIq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv | -I-7 vv

>aniuliuq- (i) to melt snow | +liuq- nv

>aniulliuq- (i) to go through deep snow | +lliuq- nv

aniutaq- (i) to fetch some packed snow for drinking water; (t) to fetch some packed snow for her/him to put in his water container / aniutaġaa aakani imġiqsuaq he is fetching some packed snow for his mother who ran out of water | +taq-5 nv

aniuvak mound of hard packed snow | +vak1 nn

*anmik (root) feeling of superiority

anmigi- (t) to feel that one can beat her/him in a competition; to feel that one is more capable than her/him § anmiksrI- / nukatpiam anmigiraŋata akiisitkaa the young man who felt more capable than him beat him | +[g]i-2 rv

anmiksraq- (i) to feel or act superior / anmiksraqtuaq akiisitkaat qitiktuani the one who acted superior was beaten during the competitive games | +qsraq-1 rv, nv

anmuk- to go down, descend, drop § see ati

anmun downwards § see ati

annaa (Ti) (excl) of grief, sadness

annak- (i) to escape danger / natchiq annaktuq taġiumun the seal escaped into the ocean

annaI- to have (it) escape from one / annairuq iqalugmik niksianikkaluaqługu the fish managed to escape from him although he had hooked it | -I-8 vv

annaksaq- (i) to seek help, assistance from danger | +saq-2 vv

annaun salvation | :un1 vn

annaurrI saviour | :uti-2 vv +t/rI3 vn

annauti- (t) to save her/him/it from danger § annaurrI- / tuqutchaqtaŋat pamiqsaaŋa qimautivlugu annautigaa he saved his pet by running away with it from the one who wanted to kill it | :uti-2 vv :urrI- vv

annii (excl) of pain sorrow, disappointment

anniññIq hole in ocean ice made by river current § see anI-

*annIq1 , (Nu) *atnIq (root) valuable, beneficial

anniġi- (t) to be protective of her/him/it fearing hurt or loss; to refuse to relinquish possession of it; to refuse to share it / attaqsitqulaitkaa supputini anniġivlugu he doesn’t like anyone to borrow his gun for fear of losing it | +[g]i-2 rv

anniġñaq- (i) to be too precious to lose | +naq-1 vv

anniqsrau- (i) to be stingy | +qsraq-1 rv, nv -u-4 vv

anniqsraq- (i) to be unwilling to share something one fears might be damaged / suġauttamiñik anniqsraqtuq he is unwilling to share his possessions | +qsraq-1 rv § rel. sigña

anniqsrautu- (i) to be stingy, selfish; to be protective of things, unwilling to share | +qsraq-1 rv +u-4 vv +tu- vv § syn sigñatu

anniqsuq- (t) to assist or rescue her/him in a time of need, stress or danger / anniqsuġai il,ani ikayullasikami he assisted his relatives when he was finally able to help | +suq-3 vv

>anniqsuqtiq- (i) to do something with a good outcome so that one is spared unpleasantness | +tuq-3 vv +tiq-3 vv

anniqsuun something used to assist one, e.g. tools, equipment | +tuq-3 vv :un1 vn

annIq-2 (i) to get hurt; (t) to hurt her/him/it / anniqsuq talimigun he hurt his arm

anniaq- (i) to feel pain as a sign, e.g. of a change in weather (t) to hurt her/him more than once / anniaqtuq putugua his big toe is hurting (and therefore, it may rain, etc.) | -aq-1 vv

anniġñaiyaun medicine for pain | +naq- vv :Iyaq- vv :un1 vn

anniġñaq(-) pain (i) to be in pain, to ache; to cause pain, emotional distress / amauni anniġñaġniraa he said that one of his great-grandparents is in pain | +naq-1 vv / anniġñaq aŋigaluaqtuq igl,utuġaa the pain was enormous but she withstood it | +naq2 vn

anniitkutaq or anniyaitkutaq means of protection from being hurt or injury i.e. pad used for protection from injury like a pad on stock of a shotgun | +kutaq vn, +ya-1 vv +IItkutaq vn

annil,uk- (i) to have a small sharp pain / annil,uktuq saniġamigun he has small sharp side pains | +luk-3 vv

anniutaq chronic pain; pleurisy / anniutaniktuq saniġamigun apuqtitqaaqłuni he developed chronic side pains after the accident in which he was hit | -utaq(-)1 vn

anniutchIq- (i) to develop a chronic pain; (t) to cause her/him to develop a chronic pain / niaqumigun anniutchiqsuq kataqqaaqłuni he developed a chronic headache after he fell | -utaq(-)1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

annivaktaq- (i) to get short sharp pains / annivaktaqtuq tunumigun he has short sharp pains in his back | -vak-2 vv +t/raq-1 vv

anniya- (i) to be easily hurt, to be sore (of body part); to be easily hurt emotionally / anniyaruq niuŋa his leg is sore | +ya-1 vv

anniqi- (i) to make a mess when defecating § see anaq(-)

annisIq- to bail (her/him) out of jail § see anI-

annivIk birthday § see anI-

annuġaraq(-) or (Nu) atnuġaaq(-) piece of clothing, garment; (i) to dress oneself; (t) to dress her/him/it

annuġaagil,aq a naked person | :Il,aq nn § rel. iqaqtaI-

annuġaaqtuq- (i) to dress oneself; (t) to dress her/him § annuġaaqtuI- / miqłiqtuuraq annuġaaqtuqtuq ilimiñik the child got dressed by himself | +tuq-2 vv : -I-7 vv

annuġaIq- or annuġaiyaq- to undress (her/him/it) § annuġaiyaI- / annuġaiġaa ivvaqsaqamiuŋ she undressed him for a bath | :Iq-2 nv, =Iyaq- nv || -I-7 vv

annuġaIt- (i) to be naked; to have no clothing / annuġaitchuq akkupak he has no clothes right now | :It-1 nv

annuġarri- to make clothing (for him/her/it); (t) to make it into clothing

annut- (i) to frown, pout; (t) to frown at her/him/it / annutkavich iqsiñapaluktutin oh, you are so frightening when you frown § rel. ati

annutu- (i) to frown, pout a lot | -tu- vv

anŋIk(-) patch on boot sole; (i) to patch a boot sole; (t) to patch it=boot sole § anŋiksI- / anŋiŋa kamiŋata piiġmiuqsuli miquġaluaqtaġa I sewed a patch on her boot sole, but it came off / anŋianiktuq kamiŋa his boot sole is now patched / anŋikkaa kamini she is patching her own boot sole || +sI-3 vv

anŋun sticky, burnt blubber from lamp (used like chewing gum, caulk) | ‘-ti1 vn

anŋiqpak rubber boot / anŋiqpakkaluaq uvva igl,uitchuq here is a rubber boot but the other one is missing § rel. kamik(-)

anŋiqsruq- (t) to tease, bother her/him/it § anŋiqsruI- | perhaps (qsruq-2 rv

anŋun or anŋuk (Ti) old burnt oil from oil lamp used as caulking or waterproofing, pitch; pitch (used for caulking umiaq); fuel for stove [?] § rel. anŋIk-

anu harness; mitten string; yoke / qimmim anuŋa qairruŋ give me the dog harness / aġnaq anuliuqtuq aitqatimnun the woman is making mitten strings for me

anu- (t) to put a harness on it § anurI- / qimmiñi anugaa he is putting a harness on his dog || +rI-6 vv

anuk a pair of mitten straps | +k (dual mkr)

anuksraq harness webbing / aŋunmiñ tauqsiqsuq anuksramik he bought harness webbing from the man | +ksraq1 nn

anukuutak (Nu) harness to hold mittens | +kuutaq nn -k (dual mkr)

anupiaq (Nu) old style dog harness (no collar) | -piaq(-)2 nn

*anu (root) emotional security, fortitude ?

anuaqsruIt- (i) to be emotionally vulnerable as in a time of crisis; deeply affected, moved to compassion | perhaps -aq-8 rv (qsruq-2 vv :It-1 vv § rel. tupquraanŋulIq-, il,unŋutchak-

>anuaqun reason for emotional reaction | -aq-8 rv -qun vn [anuaqun; I thought meant to have someone as a help in going through the tough times as in a loss of a loved one!!!]

anuqsru- (i) to be able to bear great pain or sorrow with fortitude; to be stoic / aġnaiyaaq anuqsruvluni naglignaqsipiksuaġaqtuq the young girl was stoic to the point where it was >sad | (qsru- rv

anusiñŋu(q)- (i) to be so affected by an experience that one does not want to repeat it; to “learn one’s lesson”; (t) to “teach a lesson” / anusiñŋuqtuq, qaitqigñiaŋitchugnaqtuq he has learned his lesson, he probably will not return | +sI-1 vv +nŋu(q)- nv

anuġi wind / anuġi suaŋaruq the wind is strong

anuġaIq- for wind to cease, die down / sil,a anuġaiqsuq the weather is calm | :Iq-2 nv

anuġiqłuk strong wind, storm / anuġiqłuk tamauŋa tikitchuq the storm suddenly arrived | +qłuk(-) nn

anuġisiun barometer; wind vane, wind mill / anuġisiutini navikkaa he broke his wind vane | +siun nn

anuqłIq- (i) to be windy / anuqłiqsuq aniñak it’s windy, don’t go out | +łIq-2 nv

anuqłiqł,uk wind storm | +łIq-2 vn -łuk2

anuqqak- to become windy / anuqqaktuq aiŋaisilluta it got windy before we made it home | ‘-k-2 nv

anuqsraaġIk(-) or (Nu) anuġraaġIk(-) for there to be a light breeze | +sraaq(-) nn +[g]Ik- nv

anuqsraaq(-) or anuqsralaaq(-) breeze; (i) to be breezy / anuqsralaaq nakuupaluktuq the breeze feels so good | +sraaq(-) nn, +sralaaq(-) nn

>anuti- (i) to confess??? § rel. *anu

aññaq cousin; aññak (Ti) woman’s second cousin § rel. aġnaqan, aŋutiqan, uumaaq, il,l,uq, il,l,ualuk

aŋ (excl) here, take it

aŋaayyu- or aŋaiyyu- (i) to pray; (t) to say it=prayer / siquŋaiñŋaġmi aŋaayyuruq she prayed before she went to sleep § rel. >aŋayu-

aŋaayyusiqi- (Ti) (i) to go to church | ‘-ti1 vn ~Iqi-1 nv

aŋaayyuliqsI preacher, minister / aŋaayyuliqsi aigaa aŋutim the man went to get the preacher | -lIq-1 nv +t/ri3 vn

aŋaayyun prayer / aŋaayyunmik agmautiqaġuurut they always open with a prayer | ‘-ti1 vn

aŋaayyuti- (t) to pray for her/him; for them to hold a funeral for her/him § aŋaayyurrI- | ‘-ti-2 vv || >rI-6 vv

aŋaayyuvIk church / miŋuliġaat aŋaayyuvik they are painting the church | +vIk1 vn

aŋak or aŋaaluk uncle / aŋaŋmiñik tautuŋaitchuq he has never seen his uncles | -aluk nn § rel. akkaaka

>aŋatchiaq uncle (mother’s brother) | -tchiaq nn § rel. ayagruksaaq ? or ġ

*aŋa (root) manipulation, power ??

aŋala- (Nu) (i) to move about | -la- rv

aŋalat- (t) to stir it; to manipulate her/him; to supervise her/him; to be in charge of her/him/it § aŋalatchI- / aŋalatkai anaktaqtuat he is in charge of the competitive games / aŋalatkaa misiġarriani she is stirring the oil she is rendering / aŋalatchiruq savaktinik he is supervising the workers | -la- rv +t-1 vv || +sI-3 vv

>aŋalatchiñ or aŋalarrun authority, power | -la-2 rv +t-1 vv +sI-3 vv ‘-n1 vn +n1 vn, -la-2 rv +n1 vv +run1 vn

aŋalatchirit administration | +n1 vn +t/ri3 vn -t (pl mkr)

aŋałhuIq- (i) to dangle, move about, e.g. in wind | -łhuIq- rv

aŋapat- (Nu) (t) to urge him | -pat- rv

aŋarraq- (t) to behead it=animal; to cross them=two poles near upper end / aŋarraġaa tuttutaani he beheaded the caribou he killed | -rraq-2 rv

aŋarraak or aŋarraurak (Ti) two sticks tied together and hung near door or ventilator to prevent bad things from entering | ‘-k (dual mkr) or :uraq(-) nn -k (dual mkr)

aŋarra(a)q a structure of two poles crossed near the upper end | +aq4 vn

>aŋarrat one of several stakes to guide owls or other game birds into a snare-trap | perhaps ‘-Q4 vn § rel. qaapquak

aŋarrauraq or aŋatrauraq (Nu) cross, crucifix; pieces of crossed wood / aŋaayyuvium aŋarrauraŋa miŋuliġaa he is painting the cross of the church | (aq4 vn :uraq1 nn

aŋatkuq shaman / aŋatkut qaŋasaaq iñugiaguuŋarut there used to be many shamans a long time ago § see -tkuk/t nn

aŋatkIt- (i) to conjure up the supernatural powers | ‘=It-3 nv

aŋatkuaq- or aŋatkuk- (Nu) (i) to perform a shamanistic act; to work as a shaman; (t) to cast a spell on her/him/it / aŋatkuaqługu tuqutkaa iglaaq the shaman cast a spell on the stranger and killed him | -aq-8 nv or -k- nv

aŋatkuġnaq spirit medium / aŋatkuġnaŋa il,aanni suaŋŋaguurugguuq his spirit medium sometimes gets very powerful, it is said | +naq3 nn

aŋatkula- (i) to perform shamanistic rituals; to invoke a spirit (of shaman) | -la- nv

>aŋatqiaq (Ti) small duck which lands on ocean ?

aŋayaqqiiq (Ti) dummy used in Pt. Hope ???qalgi (at Christmas, made to seem to dance with attached ropes) § rel. aŋalat-, uyalu

aŋayu- (i) to dance Iñupiaq style; (Nu) to dance (of a man) / tuvaaqatini aŋayumman tautukpaallukkaa he saw his wife Iñupiaq dance for the first time

aŋayuuq- (Nu) (i) to dance Iñupiaq style; to do several Iñupiaq dances | -uq-2 vv or .-q-1 vv

aŋayyun common dance song to which anyone may dance as opposed to a motion dance song to which only trained dancers may dance / aŋayyunmik akpipqauraġman saaviayaarut iñuich as soon as he began a common dance song, a steady stream of people got up to dance | ‘n1 vn § rel. sayuun

aŋayuk (Nu) older sibling § rel. aapiyaq, aniŋak

aŋayukłiaġruk (Nu) two-year-old caribou calf or lamb | +łłIQ nn -aġruk nn

aŋayukłiġaq one-year-old caribou | +llIQ nn +[ġ]aq4 n

>aŋayukłiġauraq

aŋayukłIQ eldest one, someone’s elder; two-year-old caribou bull / aŋayukłiit aullautivlugich nutaġaurat il,isautiyaqtuaġaqsigaich aŋuniaġniġmik the older ones took the younger ones on a trip to teach them how to hunt | +llIQ nn

aŋayukłitqIk three-year-old caribou bull | +llIQ nn -tqIk3 nn

aŋayunġuq senior co-in-law, spouse’s older sibling’s spouse | +nġuq nn § rel. nukaġaq under nuka(q)

aŋayuqaaġIIt family (parents and children) / aŋayuqaaġiit atautchimukługIt qiñiġaaqsigai he got the family together to take their picture | perhaps -qaaq nn +[g]IIt nn

aŋayuqaak parents (dual used only / aŋayuqaaŋni iglutchialiuġniaġniraŋik he told his parents he would build a new house for them | perhaps -qaaq nn +k (dual mkr) § rel. nullIq under nulik-

aŋayuqaaq- (i) to become old (of a man) / aŋayuqaaġniqsuq taavva aŋaaluga my uncle is an old man now, it seems | -qak nn -aq-5 nv

aŋayuqak or aŋayuqaksraq (Nu) old man; (Nu) Arctic char / aŋayuqaksrat atautchimukamiŋ unipkaallaturut old men like to tell stories whenever they get together | -qak nn, -qak nn +ksraq1 nn

aŋayuqaksraatchiak an old couple / [isn’t it two old men?] | -qak nn +ksraq1 nn -atchiaq2 nn -k (dual mkr)

aŋayuqaksraatchiaq little old man | -qak nn +ksraq1 nn -atchiaq2 nn

aŋayuqaksraq (Nu) Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) § rel. iqalukpik

aŋayuqagrauraq (Ti) small fish like trout, from Kuukpak River ??? | :uraq nn

aŋi-1 (i) to be big / aŋitigiruamik tainnatun iñugmik tautukpaallukłuni aŋutaiyaaq qimmaġmik isagutiruq the boy fled because he had never seen a man of such enormous size before

aglI- (i) to grow, become big | -lI-2 vv

aglil,aaq- (t) to enlarge it @ aglil,aaqsI- | -lI-2 vv +laaq-1 vv

agliñġaaq (Nu) adolescent girl | perhaps -nġaq1 vn -aq6 nn § rel. aġnaiyaaq, niviaqsiaġruk

agliraġaun magnifying glass

aglitchiit- (i) to not have the capability to grow | -lI-2 vv +tchIk- vv :It-2 vv

aglitchIk- (i) to have the capability to grow / nukatpiaq aglitchiksuq the young man is growing quickly | -lI-2 vv +tchIk- vv

aglitchIq- (i) to be set aside to grow, increase; (t) to wait for her/him/it to grow, get bigger @ aglitchii- | -lI-2 vv +[t]sIq- vv :-I-7 vv

aktigi- (i) to be of a certain length or size / aapamisun aktigiruq he is as tall as his father | (tigi-1 vv

>aktikłI- (i) to become a certain size; (t) to cause it to become a certain size / aktikłiruq innatun it is now this big | (tigi- vv -kłI- vv

aktilaaq(-) size, amount; (i) to measure oneself; (t) to measure the size or height of her/him/it or the amount of it / aktilaaŋa nalugiga I do not know its size | (tilaaq(-) vn, vv

aktuġruaq (Nu) full-grown animal

aktuiñaġaq (Nu) full-grown wolf

aŋigi- (t) to find it too big for one / aŋigipaluksimagaa atigitchiaksrautini his new parka was way too big for him | -[g]i-3 vv § ant mikigi-

aŋil,uġnaq (Nu) deep lake | perhaps +luq-3 vv +naq4 vn § rel. iti-

aŋinaaq- or aŋnaaq- (t) to make it too large / kammiaka aŋinaaqsimagikka, panigma aŋigivaitkaik I made the boots too big, they’re too big for my daughter | +naaq- vv

aŋinaq magnifying glass / aŋinani ataatavich tammaqsimaraŋa your grandfather has lost his magnifying glass | +naq2 vn

aŋirualuk (Ti) a very large whale | +t/ruaq vn –luk2 nn § syn aapsavak

aŋŋiiq something big or huge | ‘q6 vn

aŋI-2 (i) to revive, to be revived, to become alive again, be resurrected, come back to life / aŋitqiŋaruq tuqqunmiñ aŋatkuuvluni he came back to life from death because he was a shaman

aŋiñiQ a risen soul, resurrected being | +niQ vn

aŋiuq- (t) to reclaim or repossess it=something stolen, sold or which was originally given away @ aŋiuqsI- | -uq-2 vv || +sI-3 vv

aŋŋiñ resurrection of the body | ‘-n1 vn

>aŋil,ġaq- (i) to return home after being gone and assumed dead | uisauŋaruaq aŋun aŋil,ġaqtuq the man who was blown away by the ice has returned | perhaps -lġaq- vv § rel. agI [aÿiøåaq; might be from ai- because a person that has been presumed lost has returned from an experience that prevented that person to go home at the estimated time of arrival!!!

*aŋI3 (root) ??

aŋiiññaq- (i) to fail to procure game; to fail to attain a goal [what about getting a job ?] | +iññaq-1 vv

aŋil,uŋaq- (i) to fail to procure game or fish | -luŋaq- vv

aŋil,ġisaaq- (i) to swing on a swing / aŋil,ġisaaġiaŋaruk imma aññaakiñ your cousinsd have gone to swing § rel. aayutaaq- [ayyutaaq-; verify with Elizabeth Frantz on what this means]

aŋil,ġisaun swing / ikkahii aapavich aŋil,ġisausiuġaich nukaġiit look, your father is making the siblings a swing | :un1 vn

aŋimniq (Ti) bone joint § rel. +mniq vn

aŋipkaqtaq metal softened (tempered) in a fire | +pkaq-1vv +qtaq nn, vn § rel. aŋI-2

aŋiq- (i) to say “yes”, to nod “yes”, to signify “yes” by raising the eyebrows; (t) to say, nod or signify “yes” to her/him

aŋiqusaaq- to try and influence (her/him) to say yes

aŋiqusaun temptation

aŋŋaq- to keep saying or nodding “yes” (to her/him) / aŋŋaġaluaqtuaq akku maligniaġmagaan apiqsruqamni he kept saying yes when I asked him a while ago if he would go with me | ‘-q-1 vv

aŋirruk (Ti) base of whale’s tail, between flukes (saved and eaten in fall with the first sighting of slush ice or during the spring festival held in March before whaling season)

>aŋirraq (?)

aŋivit-, aŋivraq- (i) to become loose, untied, disassembled, unraveled, unwound; (t) to take apart, loosen, untie, disassemble, unravel, unwind it @ aŋivsI- / aŋivittuq ikka imupayuktan qil,aaksraq look, the yarn which you rolled up is unwinding / siqiñġuraq aŋivisimaraa savagniŋa kaŋiqsiñiatakługu he took the clock apart to see how its mechanism works | +vit- vv, +vit- vv :aq-1 vv || sI-3 vv

aŋiptaq that which has been taken apart | (aq4 vn

aŋivraaq item disassembled, taken apart, unwound | +vit- vv :aq-1 vv +-aq4 vn

aŋivraun wrench, screwdriver / aŋivrautitchiaġniqsuaq, sivulliq qaliqtisimavlugu he has a new wrench because he let the first one rust | +vit- vv :aq-1 vv :un1 vn

aŋivsI- (t) to disassemble, take something, of his or what he has done, apart; specifically undoing what someone has made (different from aŋivit-) / aakaŋata aŋivsigaa qil,aaŋanik saŋŋiñaaqpaiññivl,ugu her mother took her knitting apart because she claims it was knitted too tightly | =sI-4 vv

aŋmaaq flint § see agmaaq, (Nu) akmaaq

aŋmaaqtalik flintlock rifle | +taq(-)7 nn -lik1 nn

aŋmaaqtuun a device used in softening a tanned caribou hide

aŋmaġuq “old man fish”, little trout

akmaġuq (Nu) smelt

aŋmagauraq (Nu) smelt § rel. iłhuaġniq

aŋmaksraq smelt § also pagmagrak

aŋmaq (Ti), (Nu) hole, opening, orifice § see agma-

aŋmailaq (Ti) .45-70 rifle [lit. “one with no hole”] | :Ilaq nn

aŋmail,aġruaq (Nu) .45-70 rifle | :Ilaq nn +ġruaq nn

aŋmaiya- (t) to chink it=house for insulation, fill cracks | :Iyaq- nv

aŋmaluaq bone labret with beads in it / +luaq2 nn § rel. tuutaq

>aŋniġu- (Ti) (t) to be hard blowing snow accompanied by high wind § see agnIq(-)

aŋniqsruq- (t) to tease or bother her/him @ aŋniqsrui- / anŋiqsruŋaiġuŋ nukaaluiñ stop bothering your younger sibling | -qsruq2 rv || -I-7 vv [can it be agniqsruq???]

*aŋŋI (root) denial

aŋŋigi- (t) to deny knowledge of it, keep it a secret; deny it to someone @ aŋŋiksrI- | +[g]i-2 rv

aŋŋiiyaq- (i) to set a situation right with someone; to talk something over with someone to set things right | :Iyaq- rv

aŋŋikuti- (Ti) (t) to keep it a secret | +kuti rv ?

aŋŋirri- (i) to deny knowledge of something | +rrI-3 vv

aŋŋirrisi- (t) to deny knowledge of something to her/him | +rrI- vv perhaps =sI-4 vv

aŋŋiñ resurrection of body § see aŋI-2

aŋŋuaq- (Ti) (i) to dance white man’s style § rel. kanaakkiu-

aŋŋuu(ŋ) (excl) quit it; leave it alone; don’t do that, stop doing that / ikł,igusaaġaluaqpatin aŋŋuu maliksugnak even if he tempts you, don’t be persuaded | +uŋ (imp 2s-3s) § rel. iaqi, ñiaq, tavra

aŋu- (i) to catch a game animal; (t) to catch up with her/him/it; to be alive and aware of, or to have seen when young when she/he or it=event lived or happened; to reach her/his height / aŋuratka taipkua tuutaqaġuuruat in my lifetime I have seen the ones who wore labrets; nukatpiaq aŋullasipayuŋaruq the young man is now able to hunt and catch game animals

aŋŋun game animal / aŋŋutit makua nunapta niġrutiŋi nuŋullarut qaunakłaaŋitchuni the game animals on our land can become extinct if we are not careful | ‘n1 vn

aŋŋutail,l,I- (i) to experience hardship due to a shortage of game animals to hunt | ‘n1 vn :It-1 nv +lI-3 vv

aŋŋuti- (i) to get caught up with others, one’s work, goals

aŋŋutait- (i) for game to scarce ??

aŋuġauraq- (i) to play tag | +[ġ]aq-7 vv :uraq-2 vv

aŋunġaq- (i) to kill one’s first game animal | -nġaq-3 vv

aŋunġaun young hunter’s first game animal kill | +nġaq-3 vv :un1 vn

aŋunġautituq- (i) to eat a young hunter’s first kill | +nġaq-3 vv :un1 vn +tuq-3 nv

>aŋunġiuq- (i) to cook fresh game / aakaga aŋunġiuqtuq amma, nullautchil,l,uataġniaqtugut my mother is cooking fresh meat, we are going to have a good supper | -nġaq-3 vv =Iuq-1 nv

aŋuniaq- to hunt (it=game animal) / >aŋuniaġiaġaich taimma tuttut they went hunting for the caribou (they had heard about) | +niaq-2 vv

aŋuniaqti hunter / aŋuniaqtikpulli tavra iġñiqpuk our son is our hunter | +niaq-2 vv +t/ri3 vn

aŋuniun hunting implement; article of hunting gear | +nIt- vv :un1 vn

aŋuq- (t) to tag, touch her/him in a game of tag @ aŋuqsI- / aqpalgutilauraġaluaqtuŋa akil,l,iġma aŋuqtaani I ran as fast as I could but my opponent caught up with me and tagged me | +q-7 vv || +sI-3 vv

aŋuraq something caught (esp game animal) | +raq2 vn

aŋuuraq- (Ti) (i) to play tag | -uraq-2 vv

aŋuyaaq- (Ti) (i) to catch the first whale of the season | +yaaq- vv ?

*aŋu (root) pursue ?

aŋuaq- (i) to paddle or row / igniqutigiił,ł,utiŋ aŋuaqłutiŋ aimaruat they had engine trouble so they rowed home | +aq-1 vv

aŋuun short oar, paddle; one of paired fins on a fish, esp pectoral or pelvic fin / aŋaŋmiñun aŋuusiuqtittuq he had his uncle make him an oar | :un1 vn

aŋuunmIk- to row or paddle vigorously / aŋuunmiksut unna tikitqaurraqtuat the people paddled vigorously during the boat race | :un1 vn +mIk-2 nv

aŋuutit propeller (of boat, plane) | :un1 vn -t (pl mkr)

aŋuutmigaq- (Nu) (i) to paddle, esp. a kayak with a single bladed paddle | :un1 nv +migaq- vv

aŋuutraq- (Nu) (i) to race by paddling boats | -urraq-1 rv

aŋula- (t) to scrape it=fat from a bird skin [?][chew a birdskin?]

aŋun male person, man § rel. aŋi-1, aŋu-

aŋugaatchiaq little old man | +gaq8 nn -atchiaq2 nn

aŋugaiyaaq boy (usu used by an older person to address a boy) | -gaq8 nn -iyaaq nn § see nukatpiaġruk, aŋutaiyaaq

aŋugauraq small boy | -gaq8 nn :uraq1 nn

aŋunnaq, aŋunnaqtaq something for use by a man | +naq3 nn, +qtaq nn, vn

aŋunnuniQ, aŋutnuniQ (Nu) husband; male maternal parallel cousin (of woman) | +nuniQ?? nn § rel. aġnauniQ, ui, tuvaaqan, il,aqan, aġnaqan

aŋurriŋ, aŋutriŋ (Nu) theirp own husband | -riŋ (abs poss 3p-3s) § rel. aŋutaat (rel poss form 3p-3s)

aŋusalluq male animal; sire; term used to commend a young man for his ability in doing male associated things, esp. hunting / qimmiñi aŋusallualuk pitiul,aġuugaa he always leaves his male dog loose | -salluq nn

aŋusiqi- (i) to pursue men with sexual intent; (t) to molest him sexually | ~IqI-1 nv

aŋusiuŋaitchuaq female virgin | ~Iuq- nv (ŋaIt- vv +t/ruaq (part 3s)

aŋutaat their husband | :at (abs poss 3p-3s) § rel. aŋurriŋ

aŋutaiyaaq boy / kigga aŋutaiyaat ayuktaqtut the boys are playing ball outside | ‘n4 vn -iyaaq nn § see aŋugaiyaaq, nukatpiaġruk

aŋutau- (i) to be virile; to dance in man’s style, (esp of woman imitating a man); [lit “to be a man”] | :u-2 nv

aŋutaukhaaq- (i) to strut proudly showing off fancy men’s clothing, to strut in a manly way with mannerisms or characteristic of men’s actions | :u-2 nv +khaaq- vv

aŋutaun (Ti) boyfriend | -un3 nn

aŋutauqan co-husband in a polyandrous marriage; one of several men who share the same wife; man’s partner; (Ti) relative by wife exchange / aŋutauqataa qaŋasugruk tuquŋaruq his co-husband died a long time ago | :u-2 nv (qan1 vn § rel. aġnaqan

aŋutauqasi- (Ti) (i) to be exchange spouses / aŋutauqasiruk they are exchanging spouses | +’n4 vn :u- nv (qan1 vn I- nv

aŋutigIk- (i) to be handsome (of a man) | +[g]Ik- nv

aŋutiqan male’s patrilateral parallel male cousin; male’s father’s brother’s son / aŋutiqatigiik taavapkuak avitchuil,aak those two parallel male cousins are always together | (qan1 vn

aŋutiqtaq something inherently of man | ‘n4 vn +qtaq nn

aŋutisugruk ram, male sheep | sugruk(-) nn

aŋutituq- (i) to have sexual relations with a man | +tuq-3 nv

aŋutauraak (Nu) two small pieces of wood used to tighten braided sinew on back of bow

aŋuuq- (i) to urinate accidentally being unable to hold it; to give birth before reaching the hospital; to experience accidental or premature release of bodily functions, esp urinating / aŋuuqtuq nukaaluiñ, annuġaatqiksaġiñ your little brother urinated accidentally, change his clothes

aŋurvak, aŋutvak (Nu) red alpine bearberry | -vak1 nn

aŋuvigaq- [?]

aŋuvit- (Nu) (t) to untie it=a slip knot | +vit rv

aŋuvyuġaq (Nu) slip knot | =yuġaq rn (?)

aŋuvyuqqIq- (Nu) (t) to tie a slip knot in it=rope | =yuġaq rn ‘=Iq1 nv

aŋuyaaq- (Ti) (i) to catch the first whale of the season § see aŋu-

aŋuyaġaaq appetizer; snack or something small to eat to tide one over until the main meal | -yaġaaq n § rel. aŋu-

aŋuyak- (i) to wage war; (t) to do battle with her/him / taagani sumitaima aŋuyaktut somewhere on the other side of the globe they are at war

aŋuyakti soldier / aŋuyaktit aiyaaniaqtut ikpaksraaġu the soldiers will be coming home in a few days | +t/ri3 vn

aŋuyaŋŋuaq- (i) to play war | (ŋŋuaq vv

aŋuyaunnat a suit of armor; soldier’s uniform; fighting gear | :unnaq vn +t (pl mkr)

aŋuyautaIt- (i) to be peaceable, not hostile / iñugli taamna aŋuyautaitchuq that man has no hostility | :un1 vn :It-1 nv

>aŋuyyiuq- (Nu) (i) to learn to do battle; hunt; to be unnerved, “hassled” by someone ?? | ‘=Iuq nv

aŋuyyiuqtI (Nu) soldier; one learning to hunt | ‘=Iuq nv +t/rI3 vn § rel. aŋuyakti

apagi- (Ti) (t) to use her/him/it for physical support or as a guide to lead one

apaI, apay (Ti) (excl) enough!; that’s plenty! too much!; lots!

apaIq- (i) to be enough | -q-5 ev

api- to become snow-covered from snowfall (of landscape, ground); (t) for it to become snow-covered from snowfall / maanna ukiapak apinaġiaqtugut this fall, the snow covered the ground earlier than usual

apiqqaaġun first snowfall / apiqqaaġun autqiŋil,l,aktuq qiiyanaqsivaił,ł,uni sil,a the first snowfall never did melt because the weather turned very cold | (qqaaq- vv :un1 vn

apiqqammiaq(-), apirġammiaq, appiqqammIq- new snow; (t) to have new snow cover (of ground); to snow recently / nuna apiqqammiġaa the ground has new snow | (qqammIq- vv (aq4 vn

apiraq something covered with snow

>apitchIQ snowdrift; female polar bear which bears young in a hollow snowdrift / iglupta tunuani apitchiġmi panikpuk sisuqhaallaturuq our daughter likes to slide down the snowdrift behind our house | +tchIQ vn [??this is for polar bear not sliding?]

apun snow (lying on a surface); fallen snow / aniutaġviptinni araa apun salumaruq the area where we get snow for water is very clean | -n4 vn

apusiqi- (i) to play in snow; to get snow all over oneself; to do an activity involving snow (t) to get her/him full of snow, get snow on her/him/it | ~Iqi-1 nv

aputaiyaq- (i) to remove snow from oneself; (t) to remove from her/him/it @ aputaiyaI- | -ti4 vn :Iyaq- nv

apuyyaq or aputyaq (Nu) snow block shelter; snow patch / apuyyaliuqłutiŋ nullaqtut they build a snow shelter and stayed overnight in it | -ti4 vn -yyaq1 vn

apuyyI- or aputyI- (Nu) to make a snow shelter (for her/him/it) | ti4 vn yyaq1 vn =I1 nv

>apiktit- (i) to be fastened or to fit snugly; (t) to fasten it snugly, tightly / puyuuġviksrak taapkuak apiktitkik fasten the two stovepipes together snugly igalauraq apiktitkaa iluaqsivl,ugu he fitted the window just right | (tit-1 vv

*apiq (root) inquiry?

apiġi- or apiqsruq- (t) to ask her/him @ apiqsrI- / apiġilugu samma uqallautiniaġaatin if you ask him he will tell you; qakugu aiñiaġmagaan apiqsruġuŋ ask him when he will be going home | +[g]i-2 rv, (qsruq-2 rv || srI- vv

apiqqun or apiqsruun a question / kiullaalugich apiqqutiŋi pisaqtutin you better answer each of her questions apiqsruutiŋi kaŋiqsiñaġaluaqpat are his questions understandable | +[g]i-2 rv ‘n1 vn, (qsruq- vv :un1 vn

apiqsruqtaq- or apiqsruqtuq- (t) to question, interrogate her/him @ apiqsruqtaI- or apiqsruqtui- | (qsruq-2 rv +t/raq-1 vv, (qsruq- vv +tuq-2 vv || -I-7 vv, -I-7 vv

apkuaġmiut (Ti) football team which kicked toward Point Hope, “seaward kickers” | +miu nn t (pl mkr) § rel. *am

aplak- or aplaak- (Nu) (i) to spread one’s legs apart; (t) to spread one’s legs over her/him/it | perhaps +laak- vv § see avlaak under *av2

apqałak- to eat it quickly § see niġil,ik under niġI-

apqun road, street, trail / apqutit qaiqsaġai savaktim the worker is making the streets smooth

apqugaatchiat sidewalk, boardwalk / apqugaatchiat naviŋaniŋi iluaqsaġai he is fixing the broken boardwalk | +[ġ]aq3 nn -atchiaq2 nn

apqusaaq- (i) to pass by, travel through; (t) to meet it by chance while enroute; to have an experience=incident, esp shared at a later date / apqusaaqtavut taamma nullaŋamaruat Ualiqpaani we passed them back there camping at Ualiqpaa | -saaq-1 vv

apqusI- or apqusiuq- (i) to make a trail (esp on the ice); build a road | I-1 nv or ~Iuq- nv

apqutiqpait a well-used trail on snow used by hunters or travelers | +qpak(-) nn :It (pl mkr)

apsaktaq- (Nu) to pound repeatedly (on it) making noise § see avsak-

apsatit- (Nu) to make noise by pounding on it § see avsak-

apta- (i) to be busy / nalautkaluaqtaġa aptamaruaq iglaaqaġniaqłuni I went by her place but she was busy for she was expecting guests § rel. sagla-

aptanaq- (i) to demand attention all the time; to run around “every which way” (e.g. of child) / aptanaqpaitchuq qaunaginiaŋitkiga he is constantly into everything, I will not take care of him | +naq-1 vv

>aptarI- (t) to cause her/him to be busy; (Ti) to annoy, bother her/him; (Nu) to try to hurt or harm her/him?? @ aptariññik- ? | +rI-0 vv || +nik

aptatilaaq- (i) to rush around, hurriedly doing something | (tilaaq-(-) vv

aptatqIk- (i) to be quick | -tqIk-4 vv

apummaq, apummak or apummaaq side lath of kayak

apummarrIq- (i) to now have a side lath on (of kayak); (t) to put a side lath on it=kayak | =rrIq2 nv

apun snow cover, snow lying on a surface § see api-

apuq- to bump or crash (into her/him/it); (i) to reach shore / pisuaqtuaq unianun apuqtuq he bumped into the sled as he was walking along apuqługich uniani anniqsuq he bumped into his sled and hurt himself

appuq- to repeatedly bump or crash (into her/him/it) | ’-q-1 vv

apua- (Nu) to all bump into (her/him/it) | -a-2 vv

apuġautituq- (i) to hold a feast on the beach provided by the whalers’ wives given to welcome the returning successful whalers after the whaling season is over / apuġautituqtuat kanna quviasuksimarut the people having a feast to welcome the whalers sure look happy | +aq-1 vv :un1 vn +tuq-3 nv

apuġiitkutaq front of sled, esp rounded front of basket sled / uniama apuġiitkutaŋa naviŋaruq the front of my sled is broken | +IItkutaq vn

apuġun front crosspiece of sled / apuġutaat uniat naviŋaruaq simmausiġaa he is changing the broken front crosspiece of the sled | :un1 vn

apuqtinniQ ice which has been pushed onto shore | (tit-1 vv +nniQ vn

apusiqi- (i) to play in snow; to get snow all over oneself; to do an activity involving snow § see api-

aputaiyaq- (i) to remove snow from oneself; (t) to remove snow from her/him/it § see api-

apuyyaq or aputyaq snow shelter § see api-

apuyyI- to build (it into) a snow shelter § see api-

apyuq(-) or apyula- (Nu) steam, dust (i) to steam, to make steam § see avyuq(-)

apyuala- (Nu) (i) to swirl and rise (e.g. of clouds, steam, dust) | +ala- vv § see avyuq(-)

apyulak- (Nu) (i) to blow dust | -lak1- vv ? § see avyuq(-)

aqaġlik (Ti) aqaġlak (dual) waterproof sealskin boot to below knee with hard sole (hair removed) § see iqaqłik, qaġliik

aqak- (i) to sing to a baby

aqaun lullaby / aakaa aqaunmik il,isautiraani my mother taught me a lullaby | :un1 vn

aqaluk (Ti) fish § see iqaluk, qaluk

aqaluaq (Ti) tomcod | -aq6 nn

aqaluayaaq (Ti) sardine | -ayaaq nn

aqalugruaq (Ti) salmon | +ġruaq nn

aqalukpak or aqalukpiaq or aqalukpik (Ti) trout | +qpak nn

aqamak- (i) to wrestle with wrists or arms interlocked; to compete in finger pulling / anaktaqtuani aqamaktuat qiñiqtuaġnaqtut it is fun to watch them compete in finger pulling

aqargIq willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) / aqargich iġitchaġai aakaa my mother is plucking the willow ptarmigans § rel. qargiq

aqavalik- (Nu) (t) to roll it in a ball, e.g. with hands

AqavirvIk August [lit. “moulting time”] | +vIk1 vn

aqaya or aqiya mud

>aqayaqisaaq(-) swamp; (i) to go through mud or a swamp / aqayaqisaamun samnaarut igliqtuat the travellers came to a dead end at the swamp | +qisaaq(-) nn, nv

aqayyiqi- (i) to play in mud, to walk on muddy ground, to become covered with mud | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

aqayyIt- (i) to become stuck in mud, become covered with mud | ‘=It-3 nv

aqh (excl) wow!

aqi- (i) to kick her/him/it / aqisaqługu ayuktaq aquvsalaaqtuq trying to kick the ball he fell on his butt

aqsraaq(-) ball; (i) to play ball, esp bouncing and kicking it | +qsraq-1 vv (aq4 vn

aqsraatchiaq(-) high-kick ball; (i) to compete at high-kick | -aq-1 vv -atchiaq(-)3 vv § rel. naanŋiraaq-

aqsraq- to kick (her/him/it) repeatedly | +qsraq-1 vv

>aqsrautraq- (Nu) (i) to play a ball game, match | +qsraq-1 vv -urraq- vv

>aqsriqi- (Nu) (i) to play ball | ‘=Iqi-1 vv

aqiaq (Ti) aqiak upper belly above waist (of human)

aqiaġuġIIt- (i) to have a stomachache, to have something wrong with one’s stomach | +ġuq2 n +[g]IIt- nv

aqiaġunŋu- (i) to have a stomachache | +ġuq2 n +nŋu-1 nv

aqiaġuq stomach / aqiaġuŋaniñ aivġum imaniġnik piiqsiruq she removed some clams from the stomach of the walrus | +ġuq2 n

>aqiaġuuraq (Nu) ruminant stomach (of hoofed animal) | +ġuq2 nn :uraq nn § rel. niġukkaq

aqiattuq- (i) to satisfy one’s hunger / aqiattuqłuni niġisuŋaiqsuq he stopped eating because he was full | -ttuq- v

>aqiaviñiQ belly fat, abdominal fat (of humans); (Nu) belly / aqiaviñiqpaniktuq niġġiqsusivl,uni he now has a large waist because he has been eating a lot | -viñiQ nn

aqiaviñiq or aqiaviñaaq (Nu) dry caribou meat which includes the belly and the outer meat from the carcass | -viñiQ nn, -viñiQ nn -aq6 nn

aqikkaq, (PB) aqitkaQ fluke of whale / aġviġum aqikkaŋiñik siġl,uamiñ aikł,iġiñ go get some flukes (of whale) from the cellar | perhaps +kaq2 nn

aqIt- (i) to be soft, tender to the bite or touch / tuttaatka aqitpaił,ł,utiŋ tunugiiññaqtut my bed is so soft it causes me to have backaches

aqil,ġuq soft area | +ġuq2 n

>aqil,itchII- to simmer (it=meat) until it is tender / aqil,itchiigai tulimaat she is simmering the ribs | -lI-2 vv +[t]sIq- vv -I-8 vv

>aqil,l,uk a bank of deep soft snow / naŋaġlugu aqil,l,uk ikaaġnil,ugiñ try to go across avoiding the deep soft snowbank | perhaps +luk5 n

aqil,l,uq (Nu) soft snow | -lluQ vn § rel. aqil,uqqaq

aqil,uqqaq soft snow | -lluQ vn +qqaq vn

aqirruaq- (i) to be soft despite its appearance | +ġruaq-2 vv

aqIq- (i) to sing to heal the sick, sing a healing song; (t) to sing it=healing song

aqiun healing song | :un1 vn

aqła(-) draft (i) to be drafty / aqła imma sumiñkiaq alappaa there is a cold draft from somewhere, it’s cold / igalauraqput araa aqłaruq our window is so drafty

>aqłakataq (Nu) cottongrass; coltsfoot with white flower [lit. “something that is blown about”] | -kataq(-) vv, vn

aqłanaaġun or aqłayaaġun fan / aqłanaaġutin atullaglagu let me use your fan for a while | -naaq(-)1 vn :un1 vn, +yaaq2 vn :un1 vn

aqłanaaq(-) breeze (i) to be breezy / aarigaa imña aqłanaaq the breeze feels so good | -naaq(-)2 vn

aqłanaaqtit- (i) to fan oneself; (t) to cause it=the air to be breezy | -naaq(-)2 vn (tit-1 vv

aqłayaaq(-) very light breeze; a draft inside tent or house; (i) for it to be drafty | +yaaq2 vn

>aqpa or aqpaaluuraq (Ti) murre § see atpa, akpa

aqpat- (i) to run (of a human) / aqpapaluktuguk aŋutquŋitpaił,ł,unuk Aaŋamun we ran very hard because wed did not want Aaŋa to catch up with usd § rel. paŋalik-

aqpaliġaq- (i) to frolic, run around playing; to run in bursts, stopping and starting | -lI-2 vv +ġaq-7 vv

aqpaliġauraq- (i) to move one’s legs as if running when tossed in the air on the blanket toss / nalugmanni aqpaliġauraqtuuraġaqtuq when they threw her in the air in the blanket toss, she would quickly move her feet in a running motion | -lI-2 vv +ġaq-7 vv :uraq-2 vv

aqpaliqsuq-, aqpaliqsruq- (i) to run very hard for a short distance | -lIqsuq- vv, ~qsruq- vv

aqpaliuramik (adv) running | -lI-2 vv :uraq vn mik (mod)

aqpaliuraq- (Ti) (i) to take a running jump | -lI-2 vv :uraq-2 vv

aqpaliurraq- (i) to have a footrace / aqpaliurraaqsigaat they are going to race the distance by running | -lI-2 vv -urraq- vv

aqpaqsruayuuq sanderling (Crocethia alba); red-breasted merganser; red necked grebe (Mergus serrator) | perhaps (qsruq-2 vv -ayuuq vn

aqpaqsruq- (i) to run very fast | (qsruq-2 vv

aqpaqsruqti runner | (qsruq-2 vv +t/ri3 vn

>aqpataq visiting person from another village who comes for Kivgiq (Messenger Feast) | (aq4 vn § see Kivgiq

aqpatau- (i) to be designated to participate in a marathon run for one village against another village / aqpatauruaq imma airuaq nalupqisuktuq ikiññiaqtilaaksramiñik the designated runner is uncertain whether he will arrive home after he participated in the marathon as runner for one village (he thinks he may be in danger) | (aq4 vn :u-2 nv

aqpauq- or aqpaaq- (i) to run with a message, often at whaling time to annouce a catch; (t) to run to them=whaling captain’s household with a message that a whale has just been caught | :uq-2 vv, -aq-1 vv

aqpaurrI- (i) to run for someone with a purpose | :urrI- vv

aqpik- (Nu) (i) to find something not entirely desirable; to not want to carry a big load in one’s boat or sled / >uqumaigigaa naagga aŋigigaa he thinks that it is too heavy or too big |

aqpigi- (t) to find her/his/its=every animal’s presence undesirable; not want her/him/it along and send her/him/it away @ aqpiksrI- / uqallautigaa inna, “aqpigiuŋ taamna” she said to him, “tell that one to go away” | +[g]i-2 rv || ~srI-1 vv

aqpigruq- (Ti) (t) to not want her/his presence | +qsruq-2 vv

aqpiksraq- (i) to be unwilling to accept someone’s or something’s presence or existence | +[g]i-2 rv +qsraq1 rv, vv

>aqpiktutilaaqtun as much as you want, as much as desired | ‘-qtu- vv -tilaaq vn +ktun (sim poss 2s-s)

aqpIk salmonberry, cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)

aqpiqutaq salmonberry plant | -qutaq nn

aqqaluk younger brother (of woman) | +luk2 nn § rel. nuka, nukaaluk, nukatchiaq, nayaaluk

*aq (root) taking away

aqqauq- (i) to bite on hook (of fish); (t) to angle, fish for it with a hook | -qauq- nv [?] [check this from SIL is it akkuaq?]

aqsak- (t) to grab something away from her/him; to cheat her/him @ aqsaI- / aqsakkaa

aŋun akimaniaġaluaqtaŋanik he cheated the man of his reward / aqsaivl,ugu aġnaq suġauttaŋiñik qinnaigaa she angered the woman by grabbing her possessions away from her | +sak- vv || -I-7 vv § rel. aqtaq-, aat-

aqsaaġun two-handled pulling instrument used in a game | -aq-1 vv :un1 vn

aqsaaq- (i) to play a game where two sitting opponents try to win by pulling away a handle from the other person; (t) to grab something away from her/him | -aq-1 vv

aqsaurraq- (i) to fight over something trying to gain possession | -urraq- vv

aqtaq- (t) to take away things from her/him repeatedly @ aqtaI- | +t/raq-1 vv || -I-7 vv

aqsraatchiaq(-) highkick ball (i) to compete at highkick § see aqi-

aqsraaq- (t) to kick it=a ball leisurely for practice or pleasure § see aqi-

aqsraq- (t) to kick her/him/it repeatedly § see aqi-

aqsrI- (i) to harden up

aqsriñiQ hardened bicep muscle; short muscular person | +niQ1 vn

>?aqtuaq rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) § rel. aqpa, atpa

>aqtuq- (t) to be unable to budge, move (it=heavy object) [?]

aqu (root) time after; back part; final chapter; stern of a boat; downriver end of an island

aquġun sled bag

aqulliġaq mainsail, rearmost sail | +llIQ nn +aq6 nn

aqulliġmI the last time | +llIQ nn mI (loc)

aqullIQ last, hindmost one | +llIQ nn

aqulliqsaaq(-) last portion, e.g. last verse of song, last chapter of book; to do the conclusion, the last one | +llIQ nn +saaq3 vn

aquppI- to be sitting (on her/him/it) | +ppI- vv

aquppiugaq- to remain seated (on her/him/it) | +ppI- vv -ugaq- vv

aquppiuq- (i) to sit at one spot continuously | +ppI- vv :uq-2 vv

aquppiutaq chair | +ppI- vv -utaq1 vn § rel. iksivautaq

>aquppiyut four day sitting ceremony; sitters participating in the four day sitting ceremony / [Rainey 1947 p247 “The next day the actual `sitting’ began. Followed by their wives, the umeliks went to the qaleqis early in the morning. While their wives waited, for a time, in the storm shed of the qaleqis, the umeliks entered, to take their special seats against the wall opposite the entrance hole...The `sitters’ were called aqopeyut, as were the four days of the following sitting ceremony.”] | +ppI- vv +t/rut (indic 3p)

>aqupsaaq (Ti) seat in skin boat before rear one at stern | perhaps -psaq rn -aq6 nn

aquptaaq- (i) to get into a comfortable sitting position | +vit- vv =taaq-1 vv

aquptiġuti- (i) to sit down and concentrate because one’s attention has been captured / qiñiqtuannaraaqpaił,ł,utiŋ miqłiqtut aquptiġutimakamiŋ the children were having such a good time watching that they sat down | +vit- vv =tiġuti- vv

aqut- to pilot or steer (it=a boat) | +t-3 nv

aquun rudder; anal fin of fish (single rear ventral fin under tail) | :un1 vn

aquuraq (Nu) point at stern of kayak or umiaq | :uraq rn

aquvaaq- (i) to react, respond belatedly in mourning after the death of a loved one | +vaaq- vv

aquvatigun afterwards | +vaq- vv +tigun (via)

aquvilġaq- (Ti) (i) to sit down suddenly | ? +vit vv lġaq- vv

aquvit- (i) to sit up, to sit down; (t) to sit down on it | +vit- vv § rel. qusauq-

aquvliq- (i) to bend at the knees as part of a dance (of a woman) | -vliq- vv

aquvsalak- , aquvsalaaq- to land in a sitting position from a standing position (on it) / aquvsalaaġaa aquppiutaq he landed on the chair in a sitting position from a standing position | -vsak- rv -lak-1 vv, -aq-1 vv

>aqulirri- (Ti) (t) to cut her/him between the eyes to let blood (to cure headache or vision problems); to give a “poke” § see *aku

aquluksaaq- (t) to tickle her/him on the ribs | +saaq-2 vv

>aquptit- (t) way of tanning skins where the skins are left out for the weather to work on them

>aquptitak pair of short boots made from caribou leg fur | +k (dual mkr)

aquvIq- to get (it=food) by buying or trading

aquviġiaq- (i) to go shopping for groceries | +Iaq- vv § rel. tauqsiġiaq under tauqsIq

>aquviqhiñaaq- or aquvił,hiñaaq- (Nu) to get no food, catch nothing in hunting § rel. aŋiiññaq-

aqvaluq- (i) to be round | as oppose to sakpayak-

>aqvaluaŋaaq(-) or aqvaluaqtaaq an oval; something shaped like an oval; (i) to be oval in shape (something not quite round?)| -aq-1 vv (ŋaaq(-) vn, -aq-1 vv +taaq2 vn

aqvaluaq upper arm muscle | (aq4 vn § rel. aqsriñiQ

aqvaluqtaaq a circle; something circular | +taaq2 vn

ara (excl) something is wrong! (exclamation of surprise as when seeing or smelling smoke)

araa (excl) no, I don’t want to; oh, no!; too much!; (showing dismay) oh, oh, you’re going to get in trouble! § rel. arraa

araaq- (i) to be excessive (too loud, too talkative, etc.) | -q-5 ev

araavai (excl) too much | +vai (encl)

araumaa (exclamation of pain, sorrow or disappointment; can be said in a loud voice to someone who is being a bother or a pest) | +umaa (excl)

arak- (t) to comfort, encourage, soothe, placate her/him @ arakłii- || +kłIq-1 vv -I-7 vv

araaġi- (t) to keep encouraging her/him tenderly | (aq4 vv +i-6 nv

aragnaqsI- (i) to now require special attention or care; (t) to make it so that it requires special attention or care / siqiñġuraġauna salummaġnaqsisugnaqtuq, aragnaqsiŋaruq uvva I think my watch needs cleaning, it has begun to need special attention | +naq-1 vv +sI-1 vv

araksiu- (Ti) (i) to be comforted

araq or araqhaa (excl) how big!

>argak(-) hand; to dig (in it) with hands or paws; to use an ice scratcher in seal hunting | perhaps +[g]ak nn § rel. argaq

argaaq glove | -aq7 vn

>argagmIk- (i) to compete in the finger-pull; to make a fist [what about to finger-pull him or to make a fist at him] ?? | +mIk-1 nv

argagniQ a measurement of hand breadth | +niQ1 vn

argaiġñaQ mushroom [lit. that which takes your hand off] | :Iq-2 nv +naQ2 vn

argaIq- (i) to have a severe infection on one’s hand | :Iq-2 nv

argaIt hands or entire hand

argaiyaq- to have cold hands | :Iyaq- nv

argalaq club (suit in cards) | -laq nn

argaugaatchiaq(-) game in which a jumping rope is turned by two people; to play the game in which a jumping rope is turned by two people | :uq-2 vv -gaq-1 vv -atchiaq(-)3 vn

argaun wrist; ice scratcher used by seal hunters | :un1 vn § rel. tayaġniq

argaunmIk- (i) to compete in the wrist-pull | :un1 vn +mIk-1 nv

argaurraaq- (i) to break, injure one’s hand; (t) to break, injure her/his hand | -urraaq- nv

argautail,isaq wristlet worn during cold weather | :un1 vn -il,isaq nn

argautit bones of the hand, metacarpals; ice scratcher (traditionally made of seal claws mounted on a wooden handle) used by hunters to attract seals | :un1 vn -t (pl mkr) § rel. argaun

>argaq- (t) to dig a hole in snow or earth

>argaġniQ a small ditch or hole in the ground (used often for storing meat); a grave | +niQ1 vn

argauti- (t) to bury her/him/it in the ground @ argaurrI- | :uti-2 vv

>argIq- to roast (it=meat) on a spit

argiqsaq meat roasted on a spit | +t/raq4 vn § rel. samuunnaaq- under *sam

argiutaq roasting spit | +utaq(-)1 vn

altiq- (Ti) to roast meat (any way, even in oven)

argIq (PB) oldsquaw duck (Clangula hyemalis) § rel. aaqhaalIq

arguq- (i) to travel against the wind

arguanI on the windward side | :a (poss 3s-3s) (nI (loc)

arguġaq point of land exposed to the prevailing wind | +[ġ]aq2 nn

Arguġaq place name for the point northeast of Piġniq | +[ġ]aq2 nn

arguġaun, arguqtuun or argumuktuun centerboard of sailboat | +[ġ]aq2 nn :un nn +tuq vv :uti vn § rel. sanipaun under *sani

arguġnaq windward direction

arguil,isaq shelter from the wind | -il,isaq vn

argunmun into the wind, windward | nmun n

arguqłIQ one farthest in the direction from which the wind is blowing | +llIQ nn

*argua (root) audacious, bold ??

arguagi-, alguagi- (Ti) (t) to be undaunted by her/him/it; to doubt him | +[g]i1 rv

arguaktit- (i) to become audacious, bold | -k4 rv +tit-2 vv

arguaŋa- (i) to be audacious, bold | (ŋa- vv

arguaŋaaq-, alguaŋaaq- (Ti) (i) to be inclined to be audacious, bold | (ŋaaq rv

>arguaqtuq- to continue to doubt, disbelieve (her/him/it) | +q7 rv +tuq2 vv [can it be (i)?-jmn?]

arguasuk- (i) to feel bold, audacious; to be unbelieving, doubtful | +suk-3 rv

arii (excl) ouch! it hurts!

ariila- (i) to cry out in pain | -la-1 vv

ariilatchI- (t) to cause her/him pain as one cries repeatedly @ ariilatchiññik- | -la-1 nv -tchI- vv

arraa (excl) I’ve had it! (said when something goes wrong); wow! oh my! (when one is astonished) § see araa

arrI a like one; a copy

arrigiik two like things

arriil,aq one of a kind, has nothing to compare with

arril,I- (i) to take picture of oneself (t) to draw or photograph her/him/it; to xerox it; to make a copy of it, e.g. a likeness in drawing, carving, sewing | -lI-1 nv

arriraq- (Ti) (t) to copy her/him, imitate what she/he does | +raq4 nv § see irruaq-

arrI- (i) to collect animal blood for broth in dog food; to make broth from blood § see auk(-)

arrIq- (i) to get a blood transfusion; (t) to give her/him/it a blood transfusion § see auk(-)

arriqi- (i) to bleed from the mouth § see auk(-)

arriqsinniQ blood bruise; skin of animal with blood that has seeped into the skin § see auk(-)

arriqsit- (i) to get a bruise § see auk(-)

arriuq- (i) to mix blood with water to make broth § see auk(-)

arriviksraq (Nu) large flat part of caribou’s digestive system mixed with blood and eaten § see auk(-), alġaaġusiq

arruk- to become damp, be damp; (Nu) to develop an infection | perhaps =rruk- rv § rel. immak- under imaQ(-), ail,aq- ; perhaps related to au-

arruumaaq- (i) to be damp, musty | -umaaq-2 vv

arva area farther down from it § see *ati1

arvaq (i) to go down, come down, descend § see *ati1

arvIk(-) flat rocks used for chopping things on; anvil; chopping board; (t) to crush it by applying pressure with a hammer § see parvik

*asI (root) not a specific place, something insignificant, all around, someplace else, away from the village

>asiġui- ?(t)? to realize something is not what one thought it was [needs illustrations to determine whether an indefinite object can be in modalis case?] | +[ġ]uq-1 nv -I-7 vv

asiġuq- to become useless | +[ġ]uq-1 nv [obj in to?]

>asiksruq- (t) to insult her/him @ asiksruI- | +k3 rv (qsruq-2 rv || -I-7 vv

asil,iqi- (i) to talk or act nonsensically; to act uselessly, unsuccessfully, in vain | -liqi- nv

asiŋñaq- (i) to be misleading or deceiving | -k3 rv +naq-1 vv

asiŋŋuq- (i) to begin to malfunction, work badly | (ŋŋuq-2 rv

asiŋŋuqsaaq- (t) to tell something which upsets or angers her/him | (ŋŋuq-2 rv +saaq-1 vv

asiñI outside, in the open; not in the usual place | (nI (loc)

asiñI (adv) located in a place other than where it belongs | (nI (loc)

asiñil,a- (i) to be slack or baggy, to be loose (of clothing) | (nI (loc) la- vv

asiñiñ (adv) from a place other than where it belongs | (niñ (abl)

asiñuk- (i) to not be in place, out of its usual location; (t) to put it aside, out of its usual place @ asiñuksI- | +nuk- (term) || +sI-3 vv

asiñun (adv) to a place other than where it belongs / asiñun il,iñagu don’t put it just anywhere, put it where it belongs | +nun (term)

asiŋŋuya- (i) to spoil easily | +ŋŋuq-2 nv -ya-1 vv

asitqut- (i) to miss a target, miss one’s destination in traveling; (t) to miss it=target |

-tqut- nv

asiu- (i) to be useless, of no value, to be nothing; to be bad, worthless, useless (of a person) | :u-2 nv

asivaq- (i) to stray, wander away from course, to be out of order (during a formal meeting); to move away from something; to set (it) aside, set (it) apart; to put (it) out ready for use @ asivaqsI- | +vaq- vv || +sI-3 vv § rel. uniuŋasI-

asiraq(-) salmon berry; any berry or fruit; (i) to pick berries / asirrat isikkit (yous) bring the berries inside |

asiagusI- (i) to get a supply of berries | :u-3 nv +sI-1 vv

asiaġniaq-, asirriñiaq- (Nu?) (i) to go berry-picking | ‘=I-1 nv +niaq-2 nv

asiaġruaq potato | +ġruaq1 nn § rel. masu, utqIk

asiaqpak (Ti) prune | +qpak(-) vv, nn § rel. >saunaaŋilaaq

asiaqsruq- (i) to get berries from one’s supply to eat | +qsruq-1 nv

asiavIk blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum); (Ti) crowberry (locally, blackberry) | -vIk3 nn

asiaviqutaq (Nu) blueberry plant | -vIk3 nn -qutaq nn

asiayaaq (Ti) raisin | -ayaaq nn

asirrI- to mix in berries ???; (i) to have lots of berries growing on it (of land) | ‘=I-1 nv

asiun (Nu) berry container, sack | -un1 vn

asiġñiq bent bow of sled or snowshoe tip | +niQ ?

asiŋŋuŋa- (i) to be pale | (ŋŋuq-2 rv (ŋa vv § rel. asI

asIq(-) sleeve; (i) to put one’s arms into sleeves; (t) to help her/him put arm into sleeves § rel. aiq-

asiġun cuff on sleeve | ġun nn

asiqtu- (i) for the sleeves to be too long (of garment) | +tu- nv, rv

atchIq- (i) to now have a sleeve, of a garment; (t) to put a sleeve on it=garment @ atchiqsI- | ‘=Iq-1 nv || +sI-3 vv

asIq- (i) to nod with head while watching others dance

*asu (root)

asugupta (excl) fortunately, luckily, it’s a good thing | perhaps +k/gupta (cond 3p)

asulu (excl) you’re so right; should have done so | +lu (encl)

>asuluasu (excl) so, that’s the reason, no wonder | +lu (encl) reduplication of stem

asulukiaq (excl) that’s right! | +lu (encl) +kiaq (encl)

asu- (Nu) to sleep with someone, of young people § rel. allatuq-

asuġaq paternal aunt-in-law § rel. atchak, ayak

ata (Ti), ataa (Nu) (excl) silence! be quiet! listen! (as to a strange noise) § syn. atta

ata- (i) to be attached, connected

ataIq- (i) to become loose, detached (used when pack ice breaks off from shore ice); (t) to completely detach it @ ataiqsI- | :Iq-2 vv

ataIt- (i) to have nothing holding one back, to be free, disconnected; to have an open lead near shore; (Ti) (i) to be near shore (of open water)

/ >uvvali aullaqsaġumaalliġuma ataipiaġataġmiuŋa if I do decide to leave I have nothing to prevent me from leaving | :It-1 vv

>atamman hinge that holds cellar door § rel. ata, matu

atammiŋa- (i) to be stubbornly determined, inflexible in one’s resolve or intent | +mmI-6 (ŋa vv

atanauraq council member, board or assembly member; vice-chief, assistant boss | +niQ1 rn :uraq1 nn

atanġi- (t) to honor, respect her/him/it

atanġiqsau- (i) to gain personal freedom, to become free (of person) | +niQ1 vn :Iq-2 nv +t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv

atanġusuk- (i) to be bossy, willful, demanding | +niQ1 vn :u-2 nv +[s]uk-1 vv

atanġutchak- (i) to become bossy, willful, demanding | +niQ1 vn :u-2 nv -tchak- vv

ataniġnaqsI- (i) to become mean, stern | +niQ1 vn +naq-2 vv +sI1 vv

ataniQ source of connection, lord, master, king; God; isthmus | ata- +niQ1 vn

Ataniq place name east of Wainwright

ataniqsraq- (i) to be afraid to ask a favor of the boss | +niQ1 rn +qsraq-1 nv

atanġirrun liberty | +niQ1 rn :It-1 nv +run1 vn

atanniqsuq- (t) to compel or coerce her/him @ atanniqsuI- | +niQ1 rn ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-1 vv § rel. ‘=Iqsuq- nv

ataniġnaqun authority, power, regulation | +niQ1 rn +naq-1 nv ‘-qun1 vn

ataŋaIq- to be loose, free, unattached, freed of obligation (from it); to make compensation and thus no longer responsible ?? | (ŋaIq vv

ataagun aside from the fact of § see ati

ataaguun (Nu) one of long slats under bed of sled on which cross slats rest § see ati

ataaq- to travel downriver (on it=river) § see ati

ataaqtuq- (i) to camp on the ice for whaling; (Ti) to move down to the beach to hunting camp, of inland people § see ati

ataata grandfather; great uncle; (Ti) >father § rel. aapaaluk

ataguna (excl) give it to me, and let me see about it; look at this!

atainna (Ti) (excl) its right over there!

atakhii (excl) oh, look at that!

atakkii, atakii (Ti) or atakkiataŋ (conj) because | +kii (encl), +kiataŋ (encl)

atałIq (Nu) mythical person of the skies

atallit (Ti) “sky people” (legendary) | -t (pl mkr)

atammak palm of walrus foreflipper | +mmak n

ataraak a pair of coveralls, long underwear § see ati

ataramik (adv) all the time, constantly, always | +mik

atarraaq traveler going downriver § see ati

atarratmun (Nu) (toward) downriver § see ati

atarruuk (Ti) men’s fur breeches (in or out), ankle-length tapered at bottom with a drawstring; sweatpants ??

ataut- to shoot under the mark; pass below § see ati

atautchaaq- to travel past by water or on ice; pass below, like a on a river; down there from the back of river § see ati

atausIq one numerically | perhaps :usiq nn § see ata- (see Appendix ?)

atausiaq- (i) to do once, to complete something in one attempt; (t) to do it once, to complete it in one attempt, to kill an animal with a single shot | -aq-8 nv

atausiġaaq an individual | +aaq3 nn

atausimġaaq lone animal

atausimġaq with only one???

AtausiŋŋuġniQ or AtautchiiġñiQ Monday | (ŋuq-2 nv +niQ2 vn, ‘=Iq-1 nv +niQ2 vn

atausiŋŋuq- (i) to be in agreement, to become as one, for one to remain; (Nu) to flow together as one (e.g. of rivers); (t) to reduce it to one part or one thing | (ŋuq-2 nv

Atausiŋŋuq- or AtautchIIq- (i) to be Monday (with lp) / Atautchiiqsugut it is Monday | -ŋŋuq-2 nv or ‘=Iq-1 nv -q-1 vv

atausiŋŋuumaniq (Nu) single river formed of branches; agreement among people | -ŋŋuq-2 nv :u-2 nv +ma-1 vv +ni1 vn

atausiullaa to do one by one, individually | :u-2 nv -llaa- vv

atausiuti- (t) to be united on or against her/him/it / atausiutigaat they are united against him; they are of the same opinion or stance ??? | :u-2 nv ‘ti-2 vv

atautchIIt one group of things | ‘-It (pl mkr)

atautchikun (adv) together, at the same time / atautchikun makitta let’s stand up together at the same time | ‘-kun (via)

atautchimI once | (mI (loc)

atautchimuk- (i) to assemble into one group; (t) to combine them | ‘-muk (term based suffix)

atautchimunmun (adv) towards unity | ‘-muk (term based suffix) -nmun v-adv

atchaan (excl) almost! that was close! § rel. ayyai

atchagat Iñupiat alphabet (named for the first three letters a, ch, and g) | +t (pl mkr)

atchaġnaq ocean current flowing away from shore § see ati

atchaġniQ easterly wind § see ati

atchak aunt § see aya, ayaaluk, ayak, asuġaq, ayaġruksaaq

atchaaluk ?? grand aunt; (Nu) aunt

atchanmun out to sea (carried by a current) § see ati

atchaqtu- to be wide (of land, ice or water) § see ati

atchIk- to be far down (of open water) § see ati

atchiksI- to get lower, deeper § see ati

atchiuti- (t) to name someone after her/him § see atiQ

atchu (excl) I don’t know

atchuamiiq (excl) I jokes! | -amiiq (encl)

atchuhaa (excl) don’t know, beats me | +haa (encl)

atchukii (excl) don’t know, not certain at all | +kii (encl)

*ati1 (root) area below, bottom, underside, down

alliraq, atliraq (Nu), dual allirrak, pl allirrat tent floor made of willows or shrub birch / allialiġaat tupiq they are putting a willow mat floor in the tent | +llIQ rn ‘=Iq-1 nv (aq4 vn

alliatchiaq tent mat made of willows | +llIQ rn ‘=Iq-1 nv (aq4 vn +tchiaq3 nn

alliġaq bottom skin of bedding, used with fur side down, mattress, pad / aġnaiyaam makitiqami alliġani imugaa right after getting out of bed the girl rolled up her mattress | +llIQ rn +[ġ]aq1 nn

alliġauraq saucer, coaster, doily, etc. | +llIQ nn +[ġ]aq1 nn :uraq1 nn

allimġaq, atlimġa (Nu) lower tooth | +llIQ nn perhaps +m (rel mkr) +[ġ]aq2 n

alliñaaq bottom layer, section; (Ti) lower tooth | +llIQ nn +niQ1 vn +aq6 nn

alliñiQ or atliñiq (Nu) lower area, under part | +liñiQ rn, vn

allIQ the one on the bottom | +llIQ nn

allIq- (i) to be deep | perhaps ~lIq-1 rv § rel. iti-

anmuk- to go down, descend, drop (i) to go down a slope, to descend gradually, to drop, indicator in a therometer, barometer, etc.; to have been set downward, lowered; (t) to set it lower | anmuktuq sil,asiun the barometer is dropping | +nmun v-adv -k-3 v (term based suffix) rv

anmun or atmun (Nu) (adv) downward | (mun (term)

arva area farther down from it | perhaps -ŋa (poss 3s-3s)

arvaq- (i) to go down, come down, descend | ~vaq(-) rv

arvIk- to run down (it) | +vIk-3 vv

ataagun aside from the fact of; via under it | +a (poss 3s-3s) +kun (via)

ataaguun (Nu) one of long slats under bed of sled on which cross slats rest | :a (poss 3s-3s) -guaq- nv :un1 vn

ataaġun one of long slats under bed of sled on which cross slats rest

ataaq- to travel downriver (on it=a river) | -q-1 rv

ataaqtuq- (i) to be out whaling, camped on the ice; (Ti) move down to the beach to hunting camp, of inland people | -q-1 +tuq-2 vv

ataraak pair of long underwear, coveralls, union suit | +raaq(-)3 nv -k (dual mkr)

ataraaq- to put a pair of long underwear, coveralls (on her/him) | +raaq(-)3 rn, nn

atarraaq traveler going downriver | +rraaq[?] vn

ataut- (i) to shoot under the mark, the target; to go under target (of a projectile); to travel past a place, on water or ice; (t) to shoot under her/him/it; to go under her/him/it (of a projectile); to travel past it=a place, on water or ice; to pass beneath, below (her/him/it); (t) to take them all | +ut-1 rv

atautchaaq- to travel past (it=place) by water or on ice | +ut-1 nv +saaq-1 vv

>atchaġnaq ocean current flowing away from shore | +q-7 rv ‘-q-1 vv +naq4 vn

atchaġnIQ easterly wind | +q-7 rv ‘-q-1 vv +nIQ1

atchanmun out to sea following a current) | +q-7 rv ‘-q-1 vv +nmun vc

atchaqtu- (i) to be wide (of land, ice or water) | +q-7 rv ‘-Q4 vn +tu- nv

atchIk- (i) to be far away from shore (of open water); to be deep; to be meek or humble; to be in a low position in a sequence (like numbers) or elevation | +sIk1- rv

atchiksI- (i) to get lower, deeper; (t) to make it deeper or lower (as digging an ice cellar) | +sIk1- rv +sI-1 vv

Atiġun Atigun Pass

atikIt- (i) to be near the beach (of open water); for there to have a narrow open lead in ice | +kIt- rv

atimiñI (adv) located in the area below, beneath himself | (mI (loc) +nI (refl poss)

>atimiñiñ (adv) from the area below, beneath himself | (mI (loc) +niñ (refl abl)

>atimiñun (adv) to the area below, beneath himself | +mI (refl poss) (nun (term)

atiq- (i) to go out on ice to whaling camp; to go downward or homeward after hunting inland | +q-7 rv +qtaq nn, vn

atiqsaaq- to travel downriver (on it=a river) | +q-7 rv +saaq-1 vv

atiqtaq polar bear cub in its first year (so named because the mother takes it out on the sea ice from the place where it was born) | +q-7 rv

atitu- (i) to be far away from shore (of lead or open water); to have a wide foot top (of a boot); for there to be a wide, open lead | +tu- rv

atpaq- or arvaq- to go down, come down, descend (from it); (t) to lower it; to make it deeper | ~paq- rv, ~vaq(-) rv

atqaq- or aqqaq- (i) to descend, go down, to get out of a vehicle; (t) to put her/him/it down, to remove her/him=baby from one’s back from within the parka | ~qaq-1 rv

atqasalik- (i) to travel downward, down a slope | ~qaq-1 rv -salik- vv

Atqasuk village of Atkasuk, Alaska; outer flare of nostril | ~qaq-1 rv -suk vn -suk2 vn

atqun wick fixer, adjuster, a stick usually 10 inches in length and 1 inch diameter with a pointed end used when trimming the wick of a stone seal oil lamp; also used as a light when going into the entryway | +q-7 rv :qun2 rv

atqurri- (i) to bring to the coast (of polar bear with cubs) / nannut atqurrisuurut piayaamiŋnik polar bears take their young to the coast (from the place where they were born)

attinniq hole or thin spot in sea ice near mouth of river, which has been melted as river breaks up | ‘=It-3 nv, vv +niQ1 vn, rn

attIt- to reach the beach, the bottom level ? | ‘=It-3 nv, vv

ati-2 (i) to be same, equal, identical, be in agreement; to have a tie vote, have same number of votes; (t) to treat them equally

atinġIq- (i) to have a disagreement; (t) to cause them to have a disagreement | +niQ vn :Iq-2 nv § see +nġIq- vv

atiŋŋit- (Ti) (i) to be in disagreement, not get along | (ŋŋIt- vv ?

>atirI one that is like another, similar to another | +t/rI3 vn

atisaq- (t) to cause them to become more similar | +saq- vv

atisI- (i) to become equal, identical; (t) to make them equal, identical | +sI-1 vv

ati-3 to put it=garment on attiuŋ! put it on!

atipkaq- (t) to put a parka on her/him; to harness it, e.g. dog / anut atipkaġai she put them=harness on a dog | +pkaq-1 vv

atigi(-) parka, pullover style, traditional fur lined with fur ruff; (i) to put on a parka; (t) to put a parka on her/him atikkuiñ! put on a parka! atikkuuŋ! put a parka on him!

atigiġruaq (Nu) eider duck parka | +ġruaq nn

atigiġruk- (i) to wear a parka when it is not necessary to do so | -ġruk- nv

atikłI- to make a parka (out of it=large skin, fabric or them=skins); (t) to make a parka for her/him / atikłiruq aġnaiyaamun ukalliġñik she is making a rabbit skin parka for the girl | kłI-2 nv

atikłuk cloth cover for fur parka, commonly called “snowshirt” | łuk1 nn

atikłuuraq parka style dress or shirt | ~łuk1 nn :uraq(-) nn

atiġaq (Ti) high fur sock (Nu) boot which extends above the calf / rel. ati-2 dual atiqqak

atikuluk or atikuluatchiaq man’s dress boot with fringe, knee-high, made of dark and light furs in decorative pattern | -kuluk[?] nn § rel. ati-2

atikulugaaq- (i) to wear a pair of man’s dress boots proudly | -kuluk nn +aaq(-)1 vv § rel. ati-2

atiQ name; namesake; someone with the same name as one; someone named after one or someone one is named after

atchII- (i) to enroll, to register or sign one’s name, to make a will; (t) to enroll her/him , to will things to her/him | ‘=Iq-1 nv -I-7

atchiiŋaruaq one who has signed, given his signature | ‘=Iq-1 nv -I-7 vv (ŋa- vv +t/ruaq vn

atchIq- (i) to give oneself a name; (t) to give a name to her/him/it @ atchiqsI- | ‘=Iq-1 nv || +sI-3 vv

atchiiñiQ will, testament; enrollment | ‘=Iq-1 nv -I-7 vv +niQ1 vn

atiġusIq given name rarely used | -un2 nn ~Iq3 nn

atiitiga (Ti) my namesake | +[g]a (poss 1s-s) § syn atiġa

atiitin (Ti) your namesake

atiqausIq noun | -qaq-1 nv :un1 vn Iq3 nn

atiqsI- (i) to find out one’s own name (t) to find out her/his/its name | =sI-4 nv

ativIk real name; name which occurs within a family | -vIk3 nn

atchiuti- (t) to name someone after her/him/it @ atchiurrI- / atchiutigaa aapani paniuramiñun she gave her father’s name to her little daughter | ‘=Iq-1 nv :uti-2 vv

atiq- to go out on ice to whaling camp § see ati

atiqsaaq- to travel downriver § see ati

atiqtaq polar bear cub in its first year § see ati

atittuġun tusk shaped design strip on front and back of parka yoke | -ġun nn § rel. kayuaġun, manusiññak

atittuġutiligaaq parka with tusk-shaped design strips on front and back of yoke | -ġun nn -ligaaq(-) nn

atitu- for there to be a wide open lead in the ice § see ati

atmaġuq (Nu) small fish with spots, no scales | +ġuq2 n

atmuaqtaq (Nu) stitch § see anmuaq- ? § rel. kilu

atniaq- (Nu) to hurt (her/him/it) § see annIq-

atnuġaaq- (Nu) article of clothing § see annuġaaq(-)

atpa common murre, thick billed murre, auk § see aqpa, akpa

atpaq- or arvaq- to go down, come down, descend (from it); (t) to lower it; to make it deeper § see *ati1

atpaugaq dl atpaukkak (Nu) full-length skin legging (ankle to thigh) / atpaukkak paqillaiġikka I cannot find his full-length skin leggings

atqaq- to descend, come down § see *ati1

atqasuk outer flare of nostril; down slope? | -suk2 vn § see *ati1

Atqasuk Atkasuk, Alaska | -suk2 § see *ati1

atqun oil lamp wick fixer, adjuster § see *ati1

atqunaq(-) numerous, many; to a large extent, intensively; (i) to do in excess, take too much; (t) to “do her/him one better” in verbal exchange; (Ti) (i) to hurt a lot; (t) to do something to her/him/it excessively

atqunałhaaq- to make the highest bid or “do her/him one better” | -łhaaq- vv § rel. >qargutaurraaqsiraq-

atrimaaq (Nu) one that is like another, a similar one § see arrI(-)

atta (excl) listen, be quiet! be silent! § rel. ata, ataa

*attaq (root) unapproachable, intimidating

attaġi- (t) to consider her/him to be unapproachable, intimidating; to hesitate to ask a favor of her/him ; (Ti) (i) to not expect to live; (t) to not expect her/him to live because of a serious illness | +[g]i-1 rv

attaġnaq- (i) to be unfriendly, unkind, not helpful, unwilling to grant favors, unapproachable; (Ti) also, to be terminally ill, not expected to live | +naq-1 rv

attaġnaIt- (i) to be kind, helpful, easy to ask favors of, easily approachable | +naq-1 rv :It-1 vv

attaġriuq- (Ti) (i) to be hesitant to ask someone for something; to not expect to live, think one is about to die | +ġrI- nv :uq-2 vv

attaqsI- to borrow (it) § rel. piatchiaq-

attaqsraq- (i) to hesitate to ask someone for something, to be diffident | +qsraq-1 rv

attaqsrautu- (i) to be timid, easily intimidated | +qsraq-1 rv :u-2 vv +tu-1 vv

attaqtaaq (Ti) full-length one-piece article of clothing, like one-piece long underwear § rel. ataraak

attaqtalik or attaqtualik (Nu) thirty-eight-fifty-five rifle | -lik nn

attat dumping area for honeybuckets (a pot for urine and other wastes) | +t (pl mkr) § rel. naaptiġvik

>attatit ? spinal column ? [lit. things that keep things attached to each other]

>attausIq- (t) to pay, to reward her/him @ attausII- | :un1 vn Iq-1 nv

attausiun payment | :un1 vn Iq-1 nv :un1 vn

attinniQ hole or thin spot in sea ice near mouth of river, which has been melted as river breaks up § rel. *ati1

attuaq (Nu) aunt (possibly coastal Canadian) § rel. atcha(k)

attuQ something worn out, used abusively; old used clothing; one who has been married before § see atuq-

>atuaġnaq northeasterly wind (paralleling coast) | +naq4 vn § rel. nigiqpak

>atuaġniq southeast wind / anuġi nigiġmil,l,u kiluagnamil,l,u wind from the east and from the south § rel. uŋalaaq

atun fur sock

atulaak slippers | -laaq3 nn -k (dual mkr)

atulaaq short sock; insole | -laaq3 nn

atuŋak(-) bootsole, hard sole (usually made of bearded sealskin or seal); (t) to sole it=boot @ atuŋaksI- | +ŋak? nn || +sI-3 vv

atuŋaun thread for attaching hard sole to boot; three-edged skin sewing needle used for boot soles | +ŋak(-) nn :un1 vn

atunim (adv) equally; with no discrimination / atunim piuraaġitchi! you guys play fair!

atuŋaIq- (Nu) (i) to become detached | (ŋaIq- vv § rel. ataiq- under ata-

atuq-1 to sing (it)

attuqtu- (i) to sing whenever one has an opportunity | ‘-qtu- vv

attutit- (i) to burst out singing

atunnaġi- (t) to sing it with pleasure

atuqpak- (Nu) (i) to sing a strong (big) song § rel. kivgiq-

atuqpaun (Nu) strong (big) dance song § rel. kivgiq-

atuqtuuraq(-) musical instrument; phonograph (i) to play music; (t) to play it=instrument, record, song | +tuuraq(-) vn

atuqtuuraqti musician | +tuuraq(-) vn +t/ri3 vn

atuugauraq fast Iñupiaq dance song | :un1 vn +gaq2 nn :uraq(-) nn

atuun song, record | :un1 vn

atuułłuk shaman’s magic song for hunting, healing, etc. | :un1 vn -łuk1 nn

atuurvil,uk- (i) to sing a magic healing song (of shaman) / aŋatkuq atuurvil,uktuq naŋittuaq iluaqsipqaqsaqługu the shaman is singing a healing song to try to heal the sick person | :uti-2 vn vil,uk- vv

atuusIq- (i) to sing, to burst out singing | :un1 vn Iq-1 nv

atuusiqsI- (i) to make a tape recording of songs / aŋun atuusiqsiruq aġġiruani the man is making a tape recording at the Iñupiaq dance | :un1 vn Iq-1 nv +sI3 vv

atuuti- (t) to sing for her/him/it | ‘-ti-2 vv

atuutipiaq(-) common dance song; (i) to sing a common dance song (as opposed to a motion dance song with fixed motions) | :un1 vn -piaq(-) nn § rel. sayuun

atuq-2 to use (it); to wear (it)

attuQ something worn out, used abusively; old used clothing; one who has been married before | ‘-Q4 vn

attuil,isaġi- (t) to use it too frequently, wearing it out | -il,isaq n +i-6 nv

atugaq or atukkaq something borrowed, a debt | (aq4 vn

atuġnaġumiñaIt- (i) to be invalid, not usable | +naq-1 vv +umiñaq- vv :It-1 vv

atuġnaq- (i) to be usable, useful | +naq-1 vv

atullasI- (i) to become operable, usable; (t) to make it operable, usable | -lla- vv +sI-1 vv

atunnaġi- (t) to use it with pleasure

>aturraġIIt- (t) to not use them very much | ?

atuqqiguti- (t) to become used to, accustomed to her/him/it | -qqiguti- vv

atuqtit- (t) to lend something to her\him (obj); to let it be used | (tit-1 vv

atuusIq- (t) to pay rent; to pay for use of it | :un1 vn Iq-1 nv

*atvaukkaQ (Nu) caribou-fur boot to mid-calf / atvaukkaak sitquliñiaġikka I will quickly patch the knees of his mid-calf length caribou-fur boots | perhaps +kaq2 nn

au- (i) to rot or decay (of tooth, wood, etc.); to ferment or age (of meat, fish); to become partially melted and dangerous (of ice) § rel. auk-

aggun

auġak- or auġaŋasI- (i) to become bent with age | +ġak- rv, or -ġak- rv (ŋa- vv +sI-1 vv

auk- (t) to melt, of snow / auktuulalgitkaatigut the snow in our environment sure melted fast | ‘-k-2 vv

auniQ rotten area of something | +niQ1 vn

aunIq- (i) to melt becoming unsafe (of ice or snow); to rot or decay | +nIq-3 vv

?aunnIQ or aupkaġniQ rotten ice | ‘+nnIQ1 vn +pkaq-2vv +niQ1 vn [check I in aunnIQ]

auŋa- (i) to be rotten (of fruit, vegetable, wood or teeth) | (ŋa- vv

auŋaraq something rotten | (ŋa- vv +t/raq vn

aupkaġniq (Ti) melted spot on the ice | +pkaq- vv +niQ vn

aupkaq- (i) to melt through leaving a hole (of ice in spring) (t) to allow it=meat to rot | +pkaq-1/2 vv

auraq (Nu) summer | +raq1 vn § syn upinġaaq

aurallIQ summer skin of caribou or any other fur bearing land animal | +raq1 vn +llIQ nn § rel. upinġallIQ

aurI- (Nu) (i) to spend the summer | +raq1 vn =I-3 nv

auruq fermented fish | +ruq1 vn

autchii- (i) to allow meat to age, cure; (t) to allow it=meat to age, cure

autchiivIk place or container in which food cures or ferments | +[t]sIq- vv -I-7 vv +vIk1 vn

>auyuil,aq year-round glacier | -yuil,aq vn

augaŋa- (i) to be leaning on something at a sharp angle | (ŋa- vv

auk(-) blood; (i) to bleed; (Ti) to have a nosebleed

arrI- (i) to collect animal blood for broth in dog food; to make broth from blood | =rrI1 nv

>arrIq- (i) to get a blood transfusion; (t) to give her/him/it a blood transfusion @ arriqsI- | =rrIq-1 nv || =rrIq-1 nv +sI-3 vv

arriqi- (i) to bleed from the mouth | =rIqi-1 nv

arriqsinniQ blood bruise; bloody skin of animal | ‘=rrIq-1 nv (tit-1 vv +niQ1 vn

arriqsit- (i) to get a bruise; (t) to give her/him a bruise; to kill an animal in such a way that it is permeated with blood | =rrIq-1 nv (tit-1 vv

arriuq- to mix blood with water to make broth (for her/him/it) | =rrIuq-1 nv

augavIk blood vessel | +[ġ]aq2 nn -vIk3 nn § syn taqak

>augiaq(-) clotted blood; (i) to have blood clots, e.g. of meat | +iaq2 vn

augiqsaq animal, often seal, with blood removed | :Iq-2 nv +t/raq4 vn

>auguaq- (i) to get blood on oneself; (t) to get her/him/it bloody | +[ġ]uaq-4 nv

auguqtaq- (i) to be messy with blood; (t) to get blood on her/him/it | +uq-1 nv +t/raq-1 vn

aukkun blood vessel | ‘=un perhaps1 vn § syn augavik, taqak

auksinġaq (Ti) sealskin dyed with red alder | +sIq-1 vv -nġaq1 vn

>auksinġi- (Ti) to dye sealskin red with alder | +sIq-1 vv -nġaq1 vn ‘=I-1 nv

auktaq mole, birthmark, Mongolian spot | +t/raq4 vn

auktit- (i) to have a nosebleed; (t) to give her/him a nosebleed | (tit-1 vv

aunaaq- or aunaaqsruq- (i) to bleed, to menstruate | -naaq-1 vv, -naaq-1 vv (qsruq-2 vv

auk- to melt, thaw (it) | perhaps ‘-k-2 vv § rel. au-

auguti- (t) to melt and cause him/her difficulty (of ice or snow) e.g. snow on a trail melts and makes it hard to travel; to become visible or obtainable as the snow or ice melts / uniaġaġlutiŋ sikukun Utqiaġvigupayuktuat augutigai they wanted to go to Barrow by dogsledding on the ice but it melted (before they began) | +uti-2 vv

>augniqłuk- (t) to feel sleepy, sluggish after having been out in the cold and coming in to a warm house (of obj) | '-qłuk(-) nn, vv +nIq-3 vv § see kirraksI under kirrak-?

augniqsraq patch of ground from which the snow has melted while the surrounding area still has snow; area where sea ice has become dangerous due to melting / augniqsraq nalaułługu uniaŋi kalivisimaruat his sled became stuck when he went on the mound from which the snow has melted | +niQ1 vn +qsraq2 vn

auksaaqi- or auksaaqtiqi- (i) to move around to get warm | +saq-2 vv -q-1 vv -qi- vv

auksalaq or auksałłak rapidly melting snow | +saq-2 vv -laq nn +saq-2 vv -łłak vn

auksaq- to begin to melt | +saq-2 vv

auksIq- or auksiaq- (i) to warm oneself by the fire, stove; (t) to warm or thaw it | +sIq-1 vv or +sIq-1 vv +aq-1 vv

auktuuġun hot water bottle, hot pad | +tuq-2 vv -q-1 vv :un1 vn

auktuun heating pad; warm poultice; a device for thawing an engine or pipes | +tuq-2 vv -q-1 vv :un1 vn

auktuuq- (i) to warm oneself, to use a heating pad on oneself; (t) to apply heat to it=part of the body, an airplane engine, a frozen pipe, etc... | +ktuuq- vv

auma- (i) to be thawed | +ma-1 vv

aumaraq something not frozen, thawed | +ma-1 vv +t/raq4 vn

aumayyaaq(-) something not yet frozen, as freshly killed game; (i) to be partially thawed (of meat) | +ma-1 vv +yyaaq vn

auk (Ti) (excl) I’m tired! § see hauk

auksruaq red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)

aula- (i) to move around, show movement, be in motion

aulaaq (Ti) someone who travels secretly, e.g. a fugitive or criminal, someone looking for an enemy | (aq4 vn § rel. qimmaq

aulaat (Ti) war party, a hostile group which ambushes a village | (aq4 vn -t (pl mkr)

>aulasaq- (i) to jig for fish; (t) to let it=fish go free accidently by jigging the fishing stick / aulasaġaa niksiksaksrakkaluani iqaluk he lost the fish which he could have caught by loosening his line while jigging | +saq-3 vv

aulasaun stick to hold fishing line, fishing pole or rod, jigging stick / aulasaun savakkaa he is working on the fishing pole | +saq-3 vv :un1 vn

aulat- (t) to be in charge of it; to make it move, to move her/him/it around / aulatkisigitin niqit pamallugu uiksrautin isumaktun you be in charge of the food providing your future husband with food as you wish @ aulatchI- | +t-1 vv || +sI-3 vv

aulayaIq- (i) to become motionless, sturdy, secure; (t) cause it to become motionless, sturdy, secure | +ya-1 vv :Iq-2 vv

aulayaiqsima- (i) to be steadfast, emotionally strong during times of crisis; (t) to hold it steady, keep it from moving / aulayaiqsimaruq siġġaġnaqtuamun il,ikami he is strong while going through a difficult time | +ya-1 vv :Iq-2 vv +sima-2 vv

aulayyak- (i) to begin to move; to come free; (t) to budge, move, free her/him/it | +yyak- vv

aulayyauti- (t) to begin labor, of woman giving birth (woman is the object) | +yyak- vv :uti- vv

aulayyIq- (i) to become loose; (t) to make it loose | +yyak- vv =Iq- vv

aullaaq- (i) to go out camping, hunting, trapping, to stay away from village | ‘-q-1 vv -aq-1 vv

aullaġnII- to begin (it) | ‘-q-1 vv +nII- vv § rel. sakkIq-, isaguti-

aullaI- to have (her/him/it=dogs, snowmobile, gun, prisoner, etc.) go off, get out of one’s control; (t) to accidently fire it=a gun, to have them=dogs run away, to lose control of it, have it go off / nukatpiaġruum aullaigai qimmiñi the boy let his dogs get away from him / aŋun aullairuq suppunmiñik the man accidently let his gun go off | ‘-q-1 vv -I-8 vv

aullaq- (i) to leave, go away; to start (of engine) | ‘-q-1 vv

aullaqi- (i) to begin, start; (t) to begin to work on it | -qi- vv

aullaqsruq- (Nu) (i) to go out picking berries, greens | ‘-q-1 vv (qsruq-2 vv

aullaqtit- (t) to release it=animal; to start it, turn it=a machine on | ‘-q-1 vv (tit-1 vv

aullaqtitaun rope starter for outboard motor or snowmachine; starter, as on a car or boat engine | ‘-q-1 vv (tit- vv :un vn

>aullaqtitchi- (Ti) (i) “to let mask dancers go” when a mask dance is held (rel. Rainey) / aullaqtitchirut they sent mask dancers out to dance a second time ??? | ‘-q-1 vv (tit- vv +tchI- vv

aullarrI chairperson, leader, headman, chief | ‘ti-2 vv +t/rI3 vn

aullasiat uqaluit grammar | ‘ti1 vn Iq3 nn :at (poss 3p-s)

aullasIq instinct, unconscious habit | ‘n1 vn Iq3 nn

aullati- (t) to lead her/him @ aullarrI- | ‘ti-2 vv || rI-6 vv

aullau- (i) to leave home or any place without intention of returning / aullauŋamaruaq iġñiŋa his son had left home | ‘-Q4 vn :u-2 nv

aullaurrau- (i) to be taken away | ‘-q-1 vv :uti-2 vv raq3 rn :u-2 nv

aullauti- (t) to leave with her/him/it; to take him/her out hunting, camping, on a trip @ aullaurrI- | ‘-q-1 vv :uti-2 vv || rI-6 vv

aullayaaq trail, path / napaaqtut il,uatigun aullayaaqaqtuq there is a path through the trees | ‘- q-1 vv +yaaq2 vn

*aula (root) incompleteness, not whole ??

aulail,aq whole, complete or entire thing, not broken or cut up | :il,aq2 § syn suġail,aq

aulait- (i) to be whole, uncut | :It-1 nv

auma- (i) to be thawed § see auk-

auma(-) ember, live coal; red gemstone; (i) to be live (of coal or burning wood) | perhaps +ma2 rn § rel. auk-

aumalI- (i) to become red-hot (of wood, coal, etc.) | -lI-2 nv

aumaliq (Ti) charred wood | -liq4 vn

aumaraq charred wood, charcoal | +raq1 vn

aumaqun moss insulation of sod house | qun vn

aumaraq something not frozen, thawed § see auk-

aumayyaaq(-) something partially frozen § see auk-

aummisit (Ti) bedding; (Nu) caribou-skin blanket | -mmI-6 vv ‘ti1 vn -t (pl mkr) § see auk- rel. uqummatit

aummisI- (Nu) (i) to put on a blanket, cover oneself with a blanket; (t) to cover her/him/it with a blanket | -mmI-6 vv ‘-ti(-)1 vn, nv ? also trans ?

aummitchI- or aummisil,I- (Nu) to make a blanket for her/him/it | -mmI-6 vv ‘n1 vn ‘=I- nv -I-12 vv or perhaps -I-1 vv ‘n1 vn -lI-1 nv

aummitchiuq- (Ti) (i) to fix, arrange bedding | -mmI-6 vv ‘n1 vn ‘=Iuq-2 nv

aunaaq- or aunaaqsruq- to bleed § see aruk(-)

auniQ rotten area of something § see au-

aunIq- to melt, become unsafe (of ice); to become rotten (of object) § see au-

aunnIQ rotten ice § see au-

aunniuq- to get to know and become comfortable with (him) | ‘=iuq-2 nv

auŋa to the other side, across a large body of water; to the other states in the United States, to Europe § see aani

auŋaq- (i) to go to the other side, go across body of water; to go to the other states in the United States, to Europe | -q-5 vv

auŋatchIq to the other side | +tchIq1 nn

auŋa- to be rotten § see au-

aupkaġniq melted spot on ice § see au-

aupkaq- to melt through, leaving a hole § see au-

auq- (i) to stalk an animal on ice by crawling

auġniQ draft of cold air entering house through a crack under a door or window | +niQ1 vn

auġnIq- (i) for cold air to enter house through an open crack in a door, window | +nIq-3 vv

aurallIQ summer skin of caribou or any other fur bearing land animal § see auk-

auraq summer § see auk-

auruq fermented fish § see au-

>aurvIk caterpillar / aurviit muayugnapiallaktut caterpillars are really creepy | +vIQ2 n

autaaq- to divide (it) into shares; to deal (them=playing cards)

autchiivIk place, container in which food cures or ferments § see au-

>autkaq- to walk while swinging the arms [?] § rel. aruk(-), avałłaaq, syn ivalik-, ivałłuaq

*av1 (dem pron root) over there (extended and visible) § rel. Ik-, ag-

amna, dual apkuak, pl apkua (dem abs pron) that one over there (extended and visible) | +na (dem abs sing pron mkr)

aptuma or avsruma or avruma, dual apkuak, pl apkua (dem rel pron) that one over there (extended and visible) | +tuma (dem rel sing pron mkr)

aptumanI or avsrumanI or avrumanI, dual apkugnagni, pl apkunani (dem rel loc pron) located with that one over there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron mkr) +anI (dem loc)

aptumaŋŋa or avsrumaŋŋa or avrumaŋŋa, dual apkugnaŋŋa, pl apkunaŋŋa from that one over there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron mkr) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

aptumatun or avsrumatun or avrumatun, dual apkugnaktun, pl apkunatitun like that one over there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron mkr) +atun (dem sim)

aptumiŋa or avsrumiŋa or avrumiŋa, dual apkugniŋa, pl apkuniŋa that one over there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron mkr) +iŋa (dem mod)

aptumuŋa or avsrumuŋa or avrumuŋa, dual apkugnuŋa, pl apkunuŋa to that one over there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron mkr) +uŋa (dem term)

aptumuuna or avsrumuuna or avrumuuna, dual apkugnuuna, pl apkunuuna via, with that one over there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem rel sing pron mkr) +uuna (dem via)

avanI (dem loc adv) located over there (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

avanIit- (i) to be located over there (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

avaŋŋa (dem abl adv) from over there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

avaŋŋamiñ (dem abl adv) from that direction over there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

avaŋŋaq- (i) to come from over there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

avva (dem adv) over there (extended and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

avuŋa (dem term adv) to over there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

avuŋanmun towards over there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

avuŋaq- (i) to go over there (extended and visible); (t) to put or place it over there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

avuuna (dem via adv) via, through, by way of over there (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via)

avuunnaaq- via, through, by way of over there (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

*av3 (root) interval between footsteps ?

avlaak- (i) to spread one’s legs; (t) to spread one’s legs over or around her/him/it | +laak- rv § rel. aplak-

avluq- (i) to take a step; (t) to step over her/him/it | +luq-3 rv

avluġaatchiaq- (i) to do the broad jump | +luq-3 rv +aq-1 vv -atchiaq-3 vn

avluġaq- (i) to take steps repeatedly

*ava1 (root) periphery,vicinity

avala- (i) to move arms and legs about | -la- rv

avalliik (Nu) pair of tattoos on either side ofchin | +llIQ nn ‘-k (dual mkr) § rel. avallIQ, kakiñiq

avallIQ one farthest to one side | +llIQ nn

avalluaġniQ wake of a boat; wave created by a rock dropped in water | +t-3 rv -luaq-1 vv +niQ1 vn

avalu(-) edge, rim, fence; ring around the sun or moon; shelter for tent from wind; (i) to be bordered, fenced in (this refers only to the moment of completion); (t) to fence her/him/it in, to put a border around it; to get a ring around it=sun / avalugaa siqiñiq the sun has a ring around it | +lu(q)2 rn

avaluġun halo, ring around sun or moon in severe cold; bright spots alongside sun; “parhelion” | +lu(q)2 nn -ġun1 nn

avaluksrat lumber for framing | +lu(q)2 rn +ksraq1 nn :t (pl mkr)

avałłaaq- (i) to walk, swinging the arms; (t) to swing them=arms as on walks

avałuaq (Nu) a wave formed on each side of bow of ship as it moves through the water | perhaps -łuk1 nn -aq6 nn

avan limb, extremity; border, surrounding area | -ti4 rn

avanmuk- (i) to separate from one another and go in different directions; (t) to take them in different directions | +t-3 rv (mun (term) -k-3 v

avanmulik double-bladed axe, knife | +t-3 rv (mun (term) -lik1 nn

avanmun reciprocal, reciprocity

avarraQ or avatraQ (Nu) fluke of whale; (Nu) single ray of fish’s caudal fin | +rraq1 vn

avarriqi- (i) to divide up the whale flukes and distribute them as gifts in a whaling ceremony | +rraq1 vn ‘=Iqi-1 nv

avasIt- with the definition as "to be in the distance away from the foci'?] / avasitkaa siku (Ti) pack ice is out and the ocean is visible beyond shore | +sit-vv

avat- (t) to surround her/him/it @ avatchI- | +t-3 rv || +sI-3 vv

avataŋia- (Ti) (i) to be all around, surrounding something | -ŋia- vv

avatiġun (Ti) ring around the sun / avatiġusiġaa siqiñiq the sun has a ring around it | -ġun nn

avatik (Ti) trim on bottom of parka | -ti4 rn -k (dual mkr) § syn siñi

*ava2 (root) § rel. *ava1 (root) periphery,vicinity

avaala- (i) to yell | -ala- rv

avaalaayuuq one who is always making irritating noise | -ala- rv +ayuuq vn

avaallaqłuktaq- (i) to yell out / aŋun avaallaqłuktaqtuq ikayuqtiqaġukhuni the man is crying out for help | -la- rv +qłuk- vv +t/raq-1 vv

avaaq- (i) to knock oneself unconscious; (t) to knock her/him/it unconscious

avaaġnik- (i) to make someone unconscious (this is youd transitive to be with avaaq-) | +nik-2 vv??? [needs more work with avaaq can it be avaaġniQ?]

avaaġrak- (i) to fall hitting the back of one’s head and becoming partially unconscious; (t) to make her/him/it partially unconscious by hitting her/him/it on the head | +rak- vv

avaatchi tree fungus burned as mosquito repellent [?]

avaatchiqiq (Nu) bracket fungus (Ganoderma applanatum) | -qiq nn

*avaq (root) reappearance??

avaġniQ time it takes to go from point of disappearance to point of re-emergence; reappearance of a person who has been absent for a while | +niQ1 rn

avaġnIq- (i) to reappear after an absence, re-emerge | +nIq-3 vv

avataayyuniq a whale that has died and sank to the bottom and after three or four days

surfaces bloated; bloated, floating whale carcass (rotten meat, but good blubber

and maktak) | -iyyuniQ n ??

avataq or avataqpak sealskin poke, a container; sealskin float, buoy | +t/raq4 vn § rel. kanasiġaq

avataligauraq or avatalik (Ti) snow bunting, snowbird § see amaułłigaaluk

avataqsiaq- (Ti) (i) to sing a whaling charm song while waiting | perhaps +[t]sIq- vv -aq-1 vv

avataqsiun (Ti) whaling charm song (believed to weaken the whale) [Rainey 1947, p248 `”avituksiun” a song to hold a harpoon fast in a whale’] | +[t]sIq- vv :un1 vn § rel. avataqpak

*avI (root) resonance

avil,uġaq- or avil,uaqpatit- [Justus Mekiana, of Anaktuvuk Pass, resource person James Nageak used, has attributed this word to the Kobuk area and exchanged the word to qattauraq-] (Nu) (i) to have a bell ringing; (t) to let it=bell ring / aŋaayyuvik avil,uġaqtuq the church is ringing its bell | +luq-3 rv -aq-1 vv

avil,uq- (i) to be resonant | +luq-3 rv

avil,uqtit- (t) to cause it to make a resounding noise | +luq-3 rv (tit- vv

avil,uqtaq- (i) to be making a resounding noise; to ring (of bell, caused by other than pulling on rope) | +t/raq-1 vv

avil,uqtaqtit- (t) to cause it to make a resounding noise repeatedly @ avil,uqtitaI- | +luq-3 rv +t/raq-1 vv (tit- || -I-7 vv

avil,uqtaun rattle, bell | +luq-3 rv +t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn

avil,utit- (i) to hit or land on something resonant and making a loud resounding noise; (t) to cause it to make a loud resounding noise / sunakiaq avil,utitpa I wonder what made a resounding noise | +luq-3 rv (tit-2 vv

aviqquqsraq- (Nu) (i) to holler, to shout, to cry out, when chasing caribou | -qquq- vv +qsraq-1 vv § syn tuvaaqtuq-

aviu- (i) to utter a long, loud cry, to shout, to raise a cheer (as when sighting a ship, airplane); to ring (of ears); a goal during a football or soccer game; (t) to holler to her/him (for example, to annouce dangerous ice conditions to hunters on ice); to cheer for her/him / aviuvlugiyguuq qaugagnik kataktitchiŋaruq it is said that she has brought down some ducks by shrieking at them | -u-4 rv § rel. qasak-, qasala-

>aviulIq- to call out long and loud with a cry, whistle (to her/him/it) | -u-4 rv +lIq-3 vv

aviumIk- (i) to call out, yell, repeatedly | -u-4 rv +mIk-1 vv

aviuraġaġvIk the goal, as in soccer | -u-4 rv +raġaq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

aviuri- (Ti) (i) a loud “hi-hii” by team mates, when someone on the team wins for the team; to call when game is caught esp., a man calling his wife down to ice when a bearded seal has been caught | -u-4 rv perhaps +rI-3 § rel. paaq-

aviuvIk the goal, as in soccer | -u-4 rv +vIk1 vn § rel. qasak-, qasala-

avik- (i) to divide in half or split in two; (t) to divide it in half, in two pieces | aviksI- || +sI-3 vv

avgun border, boundary on map; chapter | :un1 vn

avguġvIk or avguivIk cutting board | :uq-2 vv +vIk vn or :uq-2 vv -I-7 vv +vIk vn

avguq- (t) to slice or cut it up @ avguI- | :uq-2 vv || -I-7 vv

>avguun implement used to cut things up, like frozen meat | :uq-2 vv :un1 vn

aviksI- to cut a piece off (for her/him/it) | +sI-5 vv

aviktaq a piece that has been cut from something | +t/raq4 vn

>aviŋaaq- (i) to be undecided between two things | (ŋaaq- vv

>avvaku(-) half of something left as remainder; to leave half behind as a remainder (for her/him/it) | avvakugaa uiñi maktagmik maktaktuquvluguli she left half of the maktak so her husband could have some maktak | ‘-Q4 vn -ku(-) nv

avvannak- (i) to receive half of something | ‘-Q4 vn +nnak- nv

avvaQ half of something | ‘-Q4 vn

avil,uqtuq or avil,uqtaq surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) § see ail,uqtuq

aviŋŋaQ or aviñŋaQ (Ti) (PB) lemming (Lemmus sibericus)

aviŋŋaqpak rat | +qpak nn

aviŋŋaurayuuq (Nu) bug with long snout

avit- (i) to split one’s pants; to get a divorce; (t) to separate themd, who are fighting; to divorce her/him

avilait- (i) to be inseparable, of themd; (t) to be with her/him/it all of the time | -laIt- vv

avilaitqan friend | -laIt- vv (qan1 vn

avinnaaq yearling bear, old enough to be separated from its mother; opening in crotch of a child’s training pants | +naaq2 vn

avitit- (t) to grant themd a divorce

avlaak- (i) to spread ones legs § see *av

avluġaatchiaq(-) broadjump; (i) to do the broad jump § see *av

avluq- (i) to take a step § see *av

avraIt- (Ti) (i) to be vacant, have no furniture (of room) | :It-1 rv

>avraq small tumor; large pimple; wartlike growth; birthmark; something that snow has covered | perhaps ~raq3 vn § rel. auktaq, unŋuq

avraqtuq- (i) to develop a tumor or growth | +tuq- nv

avrat (Ti) bedding § rel. tuttaat, uqummatit

avriaq- (i) to be in the way, an obstacle; (t) to be in her/his way / aŋutaiyaam aapiyani avriaġaa savagnil,uktuaq the little boy is in the way of his older brother who was trying to work

avrialutaq(-) obstacle, hindrance; to be a hindrance to her/him/it | +lutaq(-) vn

>avsak- (i) to make a noise by falling / sunakiaq kataktuaq avsaktuq tunnami whatever fell made noise when it landed | perhaps +sak- rv,vv

avsaluk- (i) to be noisy when doing something / iñuum avsalukłuni itiqtitkaa aġnaq someone is noisy and woke the woman up | -luk-3 vv

avsaluktaq- (i) to make noise repeatedly | -luk-3 vv +t/raq-1 vv

avsatit- to make sudden noise | -tit- vv

avu(-) sugar; an ingredient (i) to add sugar to something one is eating or drinking (t) to add sugar to it; to add an ingredient to it

>avulik anything containing sugar; ???gas mixed with oil | -lik1 nn

avusuk- (i) to crave a change of diet (of a pregnant woman) | +[s]uk-1 vv

avuqaġvIk sugarbowl | -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

avuuq- (t) to season, add spices or any other ingredients to it / aġnam avuuġaa kukiani supayaanik the woman is putting everything into her cooking | -uq-2 vv or .-q2 vv

avuuġun ingredient, spice / avuuġutiliŋaviuŋ suulian have you added spices to the soup you are making? | -q-1 vv :un1 vn

avutqak- (t) to criticize or scold her/him/it constructively @ avutqaI- / aŋun avutqairuq miqłiqtumiñik the man is giving his children constructive criticism | +tqak- vv || -I-7 vv

avvaku(-) half of something left as remainder; to leave half behind as a remainder (for her/him/it) § see avik-

avvannak- (i) to receive half of something | ‘-Q4 vn +nnak- nv § see avik-

avvaQ half of something | ‘-Q4 vn § see avik-

avvasaaq (Ti) distant relative or friend | perhaps -saaq(-)3 nn, vn § rel. avilaitqan, avvaQ

avyuq(-) cloud of dust, smoke, mist, steam; hot humid weather (after a rain storm) (i) to smoke, steam, be dusty (of air) | +yuq2 n see apyuq-

avyuġruaq ice fog / paŋmapak Utqiaġvik avyuġruaġuusiŋaruq qamutaukkaqsiŋavluni nowadays ice fog occurs in Barrow because the number of vehicles has increased | +yuq2 n +ġruaq1 nn

>ayaagit- (i) to be undecided, to desire something but being unable to begin, to draw back from doing something, to fail to accomplish something by neglecting to do part of it / attaqsiyyaqtuaq ayaagiłłuni apiqsriŋil,l,aktuq the one who came to ask to use something did not ask because he could not decide to do it | +[ġ]it- rv

>ayaakhaq (Nu) first to do something at cards or dancing to see if others will follow [tautugiaqqaaqtuksraun manigaġmata the one that will “call” first during a game of poker]

*ayaaq (root) crisscrossing

ayaaġun crosspiece on bed of sled (Nu) cross beam (Nu) kayak cross bar (slat in deck) | +un1 vn § see igl,aat

ayaaqsaaġun (Nu) cross-rib in deck of kayak | +saq-2 vv :un1 vn

ayaaqtinniQ ice caught in a narrow part of a river or lead | (tit-1 rv +nniQ1 vn

>ayaayak older sister § rel. aatauraq, aakatchiaq, aakiaq ?

ayagaq first neck vertebra of caribou; toy made with first neck vertebra of caribou

ayagaaq(-) game played with a toy made from neck bone of caribou where the bone is attached with a string to a short stick (the object of the game is to hold the stick and swing the neck bone up and try to catch the neck bone through the hole with the stick); (i) to play the game of ayagaaq; to play with an ayagaq | -aq6 nn -q-5 nv

>ayagruksaaq game played with rope and bone [? is this the same game as ayagaaq(-)? | +ruksaaq n ayagruksaaq might be a typo-there is a word ayaġruksaaq which is listed below]

>ayaġaaġun or ayaġaaq(-) string for telling stories; (i) to play a game with a seal bone on a string; to tell string stories § see ayaqhaaq(-)

ayak or ayaaluk or aya (Ti) paternal aunt § see atchak, asuġaq

>ayaġruksaaq maternal aunt | +ruksaaq n § rel. aŋatchiaq

[CHECK IF THIS IS AYAQSRUKSAAQ]

ayak(-)1 a pole used to prop up an object; wall post; tent pole; the shaft of a spear or harpoon; old style long-handled spear; (i) to be propped up with a pole (refers only to the moment of completion); (t) to prop it=a leaning object up to keep it from falling down; to set a trap @ ayaksI- / >ayagmiñik panagaa nanuq he speared the polar bear with his spear | +sI-3 vv § rel. naniġirrIq-

ayagutaq post; post for holding up roof; (Nu) stick to prop up trap / iglum ayagutaŋa uvaaŋasiruq the post of the house is leaning out of place | +utaq1 vn

ayagutchIq- (i) to be propped up (refers only to the moment of completion); (t) to prop it up | +utaq1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

ayakpak (Nu) large, long spear used by Kobuk people | +qpak(-) nn

ayaksI- (i) to put one’s hands on one’s hips / ayaksil,ġataqłuni saatkaa akil,l,iñi he faced his opponent with his hands on his hips | perhaps +sI-5 vv

ayaksraq blubber set on a post above oil lamp so oil drips into the lamp / ayaksraq nuŋuaqsiruq the blubber used to keep the lamp burning is running out | perhaps related to ayak by extension +ksraq nn § rel. iñġausIq

ayaksriqpIk wooden peg in sod house for holding blubber above stone lamp | +ksraq nn ‘=Iq-1 nv =qpik vn § perhaps related to ayak by extension

ayaktuq- (i) to pole a boat (t) to pole it=boat | +tuq-3 nv

ayaktuun a long pole or staff used for poling (hand maneuvering) a boat | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

ayapiq- (i) to prop oneself up with one’s hands; (t) to lean on her/him/it for support with one’s hands / ayapiqłuni makillagaluaqtuq he can stand up only by propping himself up with his hands | +piq- vv

ayappak- (i) to support oneself with one’s hand; (t) to place one’s hand on her/him/it and support oneself | +ppak- vv § see ayapIq-

ayappaqhaaq- (i) to suddenly fall and land on hands to break the fall | +ppak- vv -qhaaq-1 vv

ayapqumiaq- (i) to help oneself along by holding onto something moving, as a sled / ataataga ayapqumiaqłuni uniaqhauramiñik pisuaġuuruq my grandfather can walk outside by holding on to a small basket sled | -pqumiaq- vv

ayapqun (Nu) sealskin mitt used when breaking bones for making broth | +piq-vv :un1 vn

ayapqusil,l,ak- (t) to tell another story to hold the first story up, so it can be easy to remember

ayapqutillak or ayapqutiligaak (Nu) two stories told together (it is believed in this way that they will not be forgotten) | ?+p- vv -qun vn -lik nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

ayaqhaaq(-) string game (i) to play a string game, e.g., cat’s cradle; (t) to tell it=story using string figures / ayaqhaaqtuaq qiñiqtuannaraaġaat aġnaq they are enjoying watching the woman play the string game | +qhaaq(-)2 n

>ayaġaun piece of wood with which to pull up fishing line; string for telling stories and making string figures | :un1 vn

ayaqhaakkiiq a spirit that plays string games with its intestines, bringing it out of its mouth (if you play string games too long and don’t do your chores, this spirit will start playing string games. So it was used to discourage young people to play string games for too long) | -kkiiq vn

ayaqhaaġun or ayaqhaun string used in telling stories and making string figures | +qhaaq(-)2 n :un1 vn

ayyauq- to push off (it=boat) from the shore with a pole | ‘-k-2 nv :uq-2 vv

ayak-2 (i) to proceed ahead, start toward destination, depart; to push off in a boat; (t) to push, launch it to sea / ayaktut avva il,avut look over there, our relatives are proceeding ahead

ayaksaaq- (i) to proceed into water; to take off in a boat; to walk into the water | +saaq-1 vv

ayak-3 (t) to reject it @ ayaksI- / ayakkaa niqi naġġugivlugu he rejected the food because he didn’t like it || +sI-3 vv

ayaktuq- (t) to keep her/him/it away, at a distance; to not accept, reject it | +tuq-2 vv

ayaktuq- (t) to bend it to whatever shape is desired

ayalik- (i) to make a noisy yell of celebration (used in plural only) / ayaliktut nalukattat the people are cheering during the whaling festivities (Uvluqtusimman sunapayaaq salummaanigmarruŋ annuġaatchiaqłutiŋ aniiqsuaġuurut, qitiktuaqłutiŋ. Tavragguuq ayaliktut, “hii-hiilavlutik isaaġiqł,utik iglunun) [1983 NSBHLC Cal.] | -lik-2 vv

ayalu- (i) to collapse due to stress (of a structure) / uniaŋi ayalurut his sled collapsed (due to being overloaded)

ayaqhaaġnail,aq something that prevents you from playing string games § see Aagruuk

ayatqIk (Nu) type of dog salmon which is bad to eat (deadly to gull and bear); silver salmon; red salmon in Colville that turn back to ocean after swimming upstream § rel. iqaluk

ayau- (i) to become blind / aġnaq naŋitpaŋaqqaaqłuni ayauŋaruq the woman became blind after having been seriously sick

ayauppiaq or ayauppak walking stick, crutch, cane / ayauppiaŋa qairruŋ give me his cane | +ppiaq1 vn or -ppak vv

ayauppiaġaq- (i) to move along with the aid of a cane, crutch | +ppiaq1 vn +aq-8 na

ayauppIQ (Ti) walking stick; vertical pole to support fish net, one at each end | :u-2 nv +ppak- vv =IQ3 nn

ayauppiak sun dogs

ayauppirrIq- (t) to have sun dogs form around sun / ayauppirriġaa siqiñiq the sun has formed sun dogs | =rrIq-2 nv

ayu- (i) to go on ahead, get a head start; to die / uqallaktuq aiñivl,ugu aġnaq ayuniaŋitpalugnivl,ugu he said he came to fetch the woman saying that he (another man) probably would not die

ayuri- (t) to have her/him/it get away from one (i) or (t) OBJ is person / ayuriruq he lost something | +rI-4 vv

ayuuq- to go far ahead, progress (on it); (i) to go far (of something thrown) / ayuuqtuq savaamiñi he is progressing in his work / ayuuqtuulamaraa atikłiani piisilluŋa she made good progress on the parka while I was gone | .-q-1 vv or -uq-2 vv

ayuuqqI- (i) to be overdue; for the time to do something to be long past; (t) to fail to do it at the appointed time thereby having increasing difficulty in finding the opportunity to do it / ayuuqqivl,uŋa tautugiallaiqsaġa qaiŋaruaq il,isimagaluallaan I had not gone over to see her although I knew she had come, because I found it hard to face her | -qqi- vv

ayuaq(-) boil, sore; to develop a boil

ayuam iñua core of a boil / ayuam iñua iluqaan piiqsuksrauruq the entire core of the boil needs to come out § rel. iñuk

ayurriqi- to work on a (his/her) boil | =rriqi-nv

ayuktaq(-) ball; (i) to play basketball, football or soccer / ayuktaq aksraliktuq the ball rolled / ayuktaqtut sil,ami they are playing ball outside | +taq(-)7 nn

ayupqaq (Ti) box, carton § see kiguunniq

ayuq- to be in desperate need of (it); (t) to be unable to obtain by reaching for it; to be unable to reach, keep up with her/him/it; being unable to buy it for lack of money / miqłiqtuuram ayuġaa ayuktani qakinŋaruaq the child is unable to get his ball which has been placed on top of something | +q-7 vv

ayuġnaIq- (i) to become plentiful, easy to catch (of game); to become easier to obtain, get; (t) to make it easier to reach, bring it closer | +naq-1 vv :Iq-2 vv

ayuġnaq- (i) to be scarce, hard to catch (esp of game); difficult to obtain, get | +naq-1 vv

ayuġri- (Ti) (t) to be unable to reach, buy, catch up to it | +ġrI- nv, rv, vv

ayuqsrit- (t) to be unable to reach, buy, or obtain it / ayuqsritkaa he can’t reach it, can’t buy it, can’t obtain it |

*ayuq- (root) behavioral pattern, habit

ayuġit- (i) to form a habit, a behavioral pattern; to get into the habit of doing something one enjoys, e.g. visiting someone, eating something | +[ġ]it- rv

ayuġiil,I- (i) to get into habit of doing certain socially unacceptable things; to get a bad habit; to get carried away, become excessive; (t) to cause, influence her/him to acquire socially unacceptable habits | +[ġ]it- rv :It-2 vv -lI-2 vv

ayuġak- (i) to adjust, get used to something; to become shaped; to become fixed [?] | -ġak- rv

ayuġaksaq- or ayuqqaksaq- (t) to influence, allow her/him/it to get used to, get accustomed to something | +[g]ak- vv +saq-3 vv or ~’ksaq- vv

ayuġisaq- (t) to tame an animal / tavra ayuġisaqsaġaa tiŋmiaġruuraq nukatpiaġruum the boy is trying to tame the bird | +[ġ]it- rv +saq-3 vv

ayuqiqsuq- (t) to give her/him moral instruction (between teaching and scolding) / aŋutaiyaaq ayuqiqsuġaa aŋaŋata the young boy is being given moral instruction by his uncle | +Iqsuq- vv § syn alġaqsruq-

ayuqiqsuun good teaching, lesson / ayuqiqsuutiŋi tamarra aŋayuqaapta those are the good teachings of our parents | +Iqsuq- vv :un1 vn

ayuvsaq- (i) to get something for one’s family

ayyai (excl) that was close! almost!

ayyai- (i) to reject something

>ayyaqi- (t) to round up, chase it=animal in a boat | -qi- vv § see ayak-

ayyutaaq, ayyutaq- (Ti) (i) to play ice hockey (similar Iñupiaq game), golf

ch

chach, chatchii, >chuch (excl) very good

chi jee (right turn command to dogs)

h

haaŋ, hii, haw, ha haw (left turn command to dogs)

hauk (excl) oh, I am so tired!

I

i (excl) oops!

iaqi (excl) don’t! § rel. ñiaq, aŋŋuu(ŋ), tavra

iga(-) place where cooking is done before modern kitchens; (t) to cook it=food / igluata igaŋa mikiŋuluktuq the cooking area of her house is very small / tuttu taigña igasaġiñ you should cook that caribou which is over there / igatqugaa microwave-kun she wants it cooked in the microwave § rel. kukiu-, igniqauq-, argIq-, sil,akkuaq- § also iggavIk

igaapiaq boiled meat | (aq4 vn -piaq(-)2 nn, nv

igaaq boiled food, cooked food, food which is being cooked / igaamik ugruŋmik aitchuġaa nukaaluni she gave her younger sibling some cooked bearded seal meat | (aq4 vn

igamaaqłuk partly dried meat, cooked and stored in seal oil | +maaq- nn +qłuk nn

igapiaq- to cook it=meat by boiling / tuttuviñiq igapiaġlugu qitiġusiuġaqsiruq she is going to prepare lunch by boiling a piece of caribou meat | +piaq(-)2 vv

igaraq- (Ti) to cook always; (t) to cook it=blubber to make oil / igaraqtuq uġrumik (Kuugmiut;Kotzebue) she is cooking blubber to make oil | -raq-4 vv § see pivsiraaq

igarI cook | +t/rI3 vn

igarrIq- (i) to put meat in a pot and on a fire to cook; (t) to put meat to cook in it=boiling water | (aq4 vn =rrIq-2 nv

igauġun or iggan or iggavIk cooking container / igauġun imiġmik imaqaġniqsuaq tautukkaa she saw the cooking pot which was obviously full of water | :uq-2 vv :un1 vn or ‘ti1 vn or ‘+vIk1 vn

>IgautaġvIk (Ti) last day of whaling festival where various parts of a whale are cooked | perhaps -utaq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

igautaq- to cook continuously or for a long time | -utaq-2 vv ?

igavaun earthen cooking pot (Kobuk style) § see ukkusik

iggavIk place for a cooking fire; cooking container; kitchen / iggavikun argiġaa tuttu she is roasting caribou over the fire at the cooking place | ‘+vIk1 vn

igaliQ skylight, window; seal net placed horizontally under a seal’s breathing hole; (Nu) four (at cards) | -liq4 nn § rel. pigaaqsiun, kuvraq

igalaaq skylight; four (at cards); seal net / igalaaliuġuuŋarut ugruich iŋaluaŋiññiñ they used to make skylights from bearded seal intestines | -laaq3 nn

igalaaksraq outer membrane of the intestine of walrus, bearded seal used for making skylight

igalauraq glass window; four (at cards); lens of eye; (Nu) eardrum | -liq5 nn :uraq1 nn

igammiaq- (i) to carry something in one’s arms; (t) to carry her/him/it using one’s arms § rel. tigumiaq- niġumiaq-

iggaġrIq, (Kobuk) iyyaġrIq black bear (Ursus americanus)

iggiaġIIt- (i) to have a sore throat § see ii-2

iggianŋu- (i) to have an acute sore throat § see ii-2

iggiaq throat, gullet, esophagus; (Nu) narrow entry (neck) of fish trap / taluyaq iggiaqaġmiuq the fish trap also has a “throat” § see ii-2

iggiaqasiraaq- (Ti) (i) to be hoarse, barely able to talk, to lose one’s voice § see ii-2

iggiilġiraaq- (Ti) (i) to make a hoarse sound, of someone losing her/his voice § see ii-2

iggiil,uktaq- (i) to sound hoarse § see ii-2

iggiiq- or iggiagIq- (i) to be hoarse, barely able to talk, to lose one’s voice § see ii-2

igguun tube for transferring liquids, straw, ?magnet? § see iguk-

igił,haq grappling hook at end of line, commonly used for retrieving seals | +łhaq nn § rel. igit-

igił,haqtuun line for seal retrieving hook | +łhaq nn +tuq- nv +un1 vn

igimaq iron rod for harpoon | +maq2 n

igirraq Sabine’s gull (Xema sabini)

igit-1 to render its oil (of blubber); (i) to turn to grease by frying (of fat or blubber); (t) to render it=fat or blubber into oil; (t) to purify sea ice from its salt through a process of slow melting / misiġarriaġa uvva igitkaniŋaruq the blubber I’d set out for seal oil has turned to oil already / igitchiaġaa siku she is letting the salt drip from the sea ice

iginniQ rendered oil, grease produced by rendering fat or blubber | +nniQ vn

igit-2 (i) to be thrown away; (t) to throw it away, to abandon, cast her/him/it out @ igitchI- || +sI-3 vv

igitchivIk trash can / igitchivium imaŋi naavitchaqtukkich you go dump the contents of the trash can | +sI-3 vv +vIk1 vn

iksI-1 (i) to take things to the dump; to throw things away | :I-7 vv

iksI-2 (t) to throw away her/his things; to abandon, cast her/him/it out | =sI4 vv

iksi- (Ti) (i) to throw away; to toss gifts to the crowd at the whaling festival while being tossed in the blanket toss, as the first captain to catch a whale; a woman tosses gifts at the blanket toss to celebrate having a baby boy that year § see ivayaq-

iksiqi- (i) to rummage for things at the dump | :aq4 vn ‘=Iqi- nv

iksivIk or iktaqaġvIk dump; dumpster / iksivigmukpat akku did they go to the dump a while ago / iktanun aatkaniktaŋi suaqłuich he already took the trash to the dump | +sI-3 vv +vIk1 vn :aq4 vn :t (pl mkr) :aq4 vn -qaq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

iktaq something thrown away; discarded item; outcast person / iktamik atiginnaŋaruŋa iksiaqama I acquired a thrown-away parka when I went to the dump | :aq4 vn

iglaq- (i) to laugh

iglaġuksaaq- (t) to try to make her/him laugh @ iglaġuksaaqłii- / iglaġuksaaġaluaġiga ipiqtusuktuq suli although I tried to make him laugh, he is still feeling sad | +[s]uk-1 vv +saaq-2 vv || (kłIq-1 vv -I-7 vv

iglaġusuk- (i) to grin; to be unable to keep from smiling / iglaġusullaġmi saglunil,uktuaq il,isimanapaluktuq one could really tell he was trying to lie because he couldn’t keep himself from smiling | +[s]uk-1 vv +suk-3 vv

iglaġutchak- (i) to become amused and start laughing; (t) to make her/him laugh / iglaġutchakłuni maġauraqtuani akiitchuq the player lost because he burst out laughing at a “maq” game | +[s]uk-1 vv +tchak- vv

iglaŋa- or iglaŋaaq- to smile (at her/him) | (ŋa- vv (ŋaaq-1 vv

iglaŋail,l,aIq- (i) to be unable to stop laughing | (ŋail,l,aIq- vv

iglaqhaqtaq- (i) to laugh continuously loudly | +qhaqtaq- vv

iglaqhauraq- (i) to giggle / iglaqhauraqtuam maliksuktitkaatigut the person who was giggling had us giggling too | perhaps -qhaq- vv -uraq-2 vv

iglaqhuaq- (i) to explode with laughter, burst out laughing / iglaqhuaqtuam qukiqqayaġaaŋa the person who burst out laughing almost deafened me | -qhuaq- vv

iglautigi- (t) to laugh at, about her/him/it @ iglautikłIq- / iglautigitquŋitkaa qanusiġaġaluaqpan he asked that she not be laughed at no matter what she does | :uti1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

igliġvik (Ti) a trail; sewing kit | perhaps +vIk3 nn § rel. ikł,iġvik

*iglik (root) loveableness, endearing, cute, cuddly

igligi- (t) to express or show affection or endearment for her/him/it (someone or something who is cute, looks huggable or loveable); (Ti) (t) to flirt with her/him/it / tautuqqaaqapku uyuġuga igligipalukkiga when I first saw my niece she was so cute I wanted to show my affection for her | +[g]i-2 rv

iglignaq- (i) to be loveable, cute, cuddly / iglignapaluktuq aatauraqpich paniuraŋa your older sister’s little daughter is very cute | +[g]i-2 rv +naq-1 vv

igliksraq- (i) to find someone or something so loveable that one feels like hugging it | +qsraq-1 rv

igliq- or iglau- (i) to be traveling; to be on, running, idling (of a machine); (t) to travel it=distance / iglauruaq qagma qamun the car is idling out there | -u-4 vv

iglaaq traveler, newly arrived guest, stranger / iglaaniktilaaŋannik tusaapqaqami iglaaliaqtuq as soon as he heard they had visitors, he went over to see them | (aq4 vn

>iglaIt- [is it iglarrIt-] (i) to have visitors come unexpectedly | (aq4 vn ‘=It-3 nv

iglauqan traveling companion | -u-4 vv (qan1 vn

iglauyaaq path or route | -u-4 vv +yaaq2 vn

igliġaq, (Ti) igliġiaq krill, small shrimp | +aq4 vn § rel. naulayuuraq

igliġaun motorized vehicle, e.g. car, truck, snowmobile | +aq-1 vv :un1 vn § rel. qamun

igliġiaq route; (Ti) small shrimp | +iaq2 vn

igliġnIq- (Ti) (i) to travel with ocean current (of ice) | +nIq-3 vv

igliġvik (Ti) a trail; sewing kit | perhaps +vIk3 nn § rel. ikł,iġvik

igliksraq a good place to set a seal net

>Igliil,iġvIk [source???] (Nu) [paniqsiqsiivik] March (so called because of ptarmigan traveling) | ?=iil,iq- vv +vIk1 vn

iglisiq or iglisit (Ti) bench in qalgi (men’s house) along wall; sleeping platform planks along the back wall of a sod house / iglisini nalaruaq il,isaġiŋitchaġa I did not recognize the one lying on the sleeping platform | -sIq4 nn § see igl,iQ

iglu(-) house, dwelling, building; (t) to build a structure over it

iglualuk old house | -aluk nn

igluġruaq old sod house | +ġruaq1 nn

igluliuti- (t) for it=house to become his/her house / iñuum iglua igluliutigaa the person’s house became his house | -liuti- nv

igluluaġruk site (usually a mound) of an ancient house | +luk2 nn +aġruk nn

iglupiaq sod house | -piaq(-)2 nn

igluqpak frame house; large building | +qpak(-) nn, vv

Igluqpaurat Browerville, a suburb of Barrow, Alaska / Saalialuum igluqpaŋa atchiutigiŋagaat Igluqpauranun old man Charlie’s big house is what Browerville is named after | +qpak(-) nn :uraq1 nn :t (pl mkr)

iglutchiaq new house (Ti) storage area in entrance tunnel of sod house | +tchiaq3 nn

iglutiq- (i) to move into a house after living in another type of dwelling such as a tent; (t) to move her/him/it into a house | +tiq-1 nv

igluuralik fabric, paper or any other kind of material with a checkered pattern / igluuraligmik kalikumik tauqsiqsuaq talukiyaaksramiñik she bought some checkered material to make into curtains | :uraq1 nn -lik1 nn

igl,aat crosspieces (of floor or sled) | +t (pl mkr) § rel. apuġun, ataaġun, ayaaġun

igl,ak (Nu) a growth with pus inside on the side of cheek or elsewhere

igl,aŋmiutchIq- (Nu) (i) to develop a growth | (miutaq nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

igl,iQ sleeping platform, bench along the back wall of a sod house

iglisiq or iglisit (Ti) bench in qalgi (men’s house) along wall; sleeping platform planks along the back wall of a sod house / iglisini nalaruaq il,isaġiŋitchaġa I did not recognize the one lying on the sleeping platform | -sIq4 nn

igl,iġich rafters

>igl,Iq- (i) to move aside and avoid something coming at one; to get out of the way / iġñauraŋa igl,ipqauraqtuq, qamun tikiñŋaiñŋaan her little son barely got out of the way before the car came; (t) to avoid being hit by it by moving aside / iġñauraŋan igl,ipqauraġaa qamun her little son barely got out of the way of the car | perhaps ‘=Iq-1 § rel. igl,u(-)

igl,iqsit- (t) to prevent her/him/it from being hit by moving her/him/it aside

igl,uvaq- (i) to move aside; (t) to move him/her/it out of the way of something dangerous | +vaq- vv, rv

igl,u(-) the other, the mate, as in a pair of mitten or boots; (i) to be provided with a companion or a partner; (t) to provide her/him/it with a partner, companion or a complement / igl,ua mattuma kamŋum nauŋ where is the mate of this boot § syn aippaq

igl,uaq- (i) to miss the mark, going to one side; (t) to pass right by it, missing it; to land to one side of it | +aq-8 nv

igl,ugIIk(-) paired items (i) to be a pair | +[g]IIk, +[g]IIk- nv

iglugIIt (Ti) paired competitors | +[g]IIk/t nn § ant. akil,l,iġIIt

igl,ukisaaġun (Ti) iglukusaaġun something used to juggle | +kisaaq(-) :un1 vn

igl,ukisaaq(-) (Ti) iglukusaaq- a specific juggling game (i) to juggle / igl,ukisaaġutinik atuutinik il,isimavit do you know any juggling songs | +kisaaq- v

igl,uktun with both hands | +k (dual mkr) +tun (sim)

igl,uktuulik double-edged knife, double-bladed axe / igl,uktuulgit sunun atuġuuŋavatigik what did they use the double-edged knives for | +k (dual mkr) +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn -lik1 nn

igl,uktuuq- to do something (to it) using both hands | +k (dual mkr) +tuuq-2 vv

>iglukusaaq- (Ti) (i) to juggle | +kisaaq- nv § also igl,ukisaaq-

igl,uliuti- (Nu) (t) to take as one’s spouse | -liuti- nv

>igl,unnak- (Nu) (i) to recruit someone as a companion or helper; to get half of something, esp of a catch made by more than one hunter | -nnak- nv § syn avvannak- niŋIq-

>igl,uŋŋuq- to be half-moon / tatqiq igl,uŋŋuqtuq there’s a half-moon | (ŋŋuq-2 nv § rel. avvaŋŋuq-, quppaŋŋuq-

igl,upiaġaq- (i) to use a pistol; (t) to at her/him/it with a pistol | -aq-8 nv

igl,upiaġaun or igl,upiaġauraq pistol | +piaq(-)3 nn +aq-1 vv :un1 vn or +piaq(-)3 nn +aq-1 vv :uraq1 vn

igl,upiaq one hand; one of a pair | +piaq(-)3 nn, nv

igl,upiaqtalik one that has one of a pair, e.g. a one-horned caribou, one-armed man, single sod house (Nunamiut style sod houses were sometimes paired sharing one entrance) | +piaq(-)3 nn, nv +taq7 vn –lik1 nn

Igl,upiaqtalik constellation, perhaps a combination of Orion, Auriga, and Gemini [lit “one with a pair”]

igl,upiaqtaq- to run or operate (it) with only one of a pair, e.g. with one of two cylinders, because of fouled spark plugs | +piaq(-)3 nn +t/raq-1 vv § also igl,upiaqtalIq-

igl,usuk rival | +suk2 nn, vn

igl,utuq- to bear, endure (her/him/it) @ igl,utui- / il,aŋitqigaaqtuaq ikpaksraapak aġnaq igl,utuil,guruq the woman who repeatedly lost relatives these past few days endures grief well | +tuq-3 nv || -I-7 vv

igl,ut bundle of five (often of ducks) | :t (pl mkr) § rel. igl,u perhaps related to five fingers

igniġnaq strip of smooth ice parallel to shore between pressure ice ridges and beach / igniġnakun aivl,uta sukattugut by traveling on the smooth ocean ice between pressure ridges and beach, we made good time getting home | +naq4 n

igniqauqpatit- to spark once § see iki-2

igniqauqtuq Steller’s eider (Somateria stelleri) | +tuq6 n § see iki-2

?igniqpalliaġaq- ?make a fire flare up? | ?+p/valliq- vv +aġaq- vv? § rel. qaummaliaġaq-

ignisail,aq boreal chickadee (Parus hudsonicus) | -l,aq nn

igniuqti engineer on train | :uq-2 nv +t/ri3 vn

igñik(-) sharp point; (t) to sharpen [is this i)+ik?]

igñiun pencil sharpener

igruiqqaq (Ti) lump (as in flour)

igruiqqaiyaun (Ti) flour sifter | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

igruk testicle; beaver scent gland § dual igruuk

igruŋnaq rose hip | +naq3 nn § rel. igruk

igruq- to stiffen with rigor mortis (of a dead body); to clot, congeal, coagulate / timaa igruaniŋamaruaq paqinnaptigu his body had already become stiff by the time we found him

*igu (root) looseness, an unraveling

igumit- (i) to become unraveled, untangled, loosened; become frayed; (t) to untie, untangle, take it apart @ igumitchI- / asiġma marra isua igumittuq the edge of my sleeve is fraying / siqiñġuraq igumitqaaqługu iviqtillaiġaa after taking the clock apart, he can’t put it back together again | +mit- vv || +sI-3 vv § syn aŋivit- [check! do you igumit- a clock or do you siqumit-? or even aŋivit?]

iguptaq frayed edge; rope end | +vit- vv (aq4 vn

iguvit- (i) to become uncoiled, unwound; (t) to uncoil, unwind it @ iguvsI- | +vit- vv § syn igumit-, aŋivit-

iguvsiñ screwdriver | =sI-3 vv ‘ti1 vn

iguk- to suck (it); (i) to suck air or liquid inward with pursed lips / igunmun uviñŋiuqsraġuumaruaq I found out she whistles inward / igukługu nuŋullakkaa he sucked it all

igguun tube for transferring liquids, siphon, drinking straw | ‘-k-2 vv :un1 vn

iguksI- (i) to take a sip through a straw; to suck once on something / iguksipkaġnagu kil,l,iqaqtuq qaqłumigun don’t let him take a sip, he has a sore on his lip | +sI-5 vv § rel. imiQ(-) uuk-

iguun proboscis; mosquito stinger; drinking straw / kiktuġiam iguutaa hii paugnimni hey, look at this stinger on my mosquito bite | :un1 vn

igusiġaq- (i) to have the hiccups | -siġaq- vv § syn iisuġaq-, tipsullIq-

igutchaQ bumblebee / iiqinii, igutchaum niviuġaatigut yikes, there’s a bumblebee circling us | +tchaq2 n

igunaq whale skin with blubber left to cure [where? how long? what do you do to it while it is curing ?] | perhaps +naq2 vn

igurvIk temporal bone; temple of head | +vIk1 nn

igvik (Ti) pocket § rel. aiñiq

igvigruq- (Ti) (i) to reach into one’s pocket; (t) to reach into her/his pocket | +qsruq-1 vn § rel. aiñiqsruq- kau-

igviksiuq- (Ti) to pick (her/his) pocket | +siuq- nv

igviksiuqti (Ti) a pickpocket | +siuq- nv +t/ri3 vn

iġaaq (Ti) legendary wild baby, with a mouth that extends from ear to ear § rel. makkaqpaligauraq aaġaayIq iiġaaq

iġġI(q) mountain / iġġiñun imnaiqsiuġiaŋarut they have gone sheep hunting in the mountains

iġġiil,ġuq a clearing in the mountains [lit “an area with no mountains”] | :It-1 nv -lġuq vn

iġġiqsiuq- (i) to walk, travel through mountains | +siuq- nv

iġġiuraq (Nu) small mountain | :uraq1 nn

*iġI1 (root) uvular sound

iġiala- (i) to yell, shout, holler / uumaa iġialaŋaiġiñ hey you, quit yelling | -ala- rv

iġiña or iġña voice | +na rn

iġi-2 (i) to have hair fall out, to lose hair

iġisaq- or iġitchaq- to pluck (its) feathers; to remove (its) hair from a spring skin | / una qaugak iġisaqtuuraġuŋ anil,utin tupiġmiñ go outside the tent and pluck this duck’s feathers | +saq-3 vv or +tchaq-1 vv

iġisaaq or iġitchaaq plucked bird / aapaga iġitchaanik qaugaktullaturuq my father loves to eat plucked ducks | +saq-3 vv (aq4 vn or +saq-3 ‘-aq4 vn

iġitchakut feathers plucked from a bird; fur removed from a skin / makkua iġitchakut tilaikkit siamitpaŋaiñŋaisa sweep up these feathers before they get all over the place | +saq-3 rv ‘-aq4 vn -kut plural

*iġi3 (root) moisture

iġivit- to become wrinkled, of skin which has been immersed in water / qallugauraqiqama argatka iġivitchuurut when I wash dishes my hands always get wrinkled | +vit- vv

iġġuġvIk sink, washbasin | ‘-q-1 rv +vIk1 vn

iġġuq- (i) to be rinsed, washed; (t) to rinse, wash it @ iġġuqsI- / taaptuma utkusialuum il,ua iġġuqtuqqaaġlugu atuqsaġiñ rinse out the inside of that old pot first then use it | ‘-q-1 rv || +sI-3 vv

iġġuqsivIk tub, basin for rinsing things | +sI-3 vv +vIk1 vn

iġġuutit mop

iġimniq low, swampy land | +mniq rn

iġl,ik- (i) to be selfish, stingy

iġl,igi- (t) to be selfish, stingy with her/him/it @ iġl,iksrI- | +[g]i-1 vv ~srI-1 vv

iġl,itu- (i) to be stingy, selfish by nature / piuraaqatigisulaitkiga iġl,ituvluni I don’t like to play with him because he is so selfish | -tu- vv

>iġmak- (i) to bring one’s legs up against one’s body; to close tightly (esp of hand); (t) to bring them (legs) up against one’s body; to close it=hand tightly

iġnu (root) bulk

iġnukłI- (t) to fold it small | -kłI-1 vv

iġnutu- (i) to be bulky, take too much space | +tu- rv

iġñiQ son / mikiniŋaniñ taikka iġñini aŋuniaġniġmik il,isautiŋagaa he has taught his son how to hunt ever since he was a little boy

iġñaaq core of wood, shoot of plant, heart of tree / iġñaaniktut marra nautchiatka my plants are getting some new shoots | -aq6 nn

iġñI- to give birth / aatauraġa unnuaq iġñimaruaq aŋutaiyaamik I found out that my older sister gave birth to a boy last night | ‘=I-1 nv

iġñiaguraq (Nu) premature infant or animal | ‘=I-1 nv (aq4 vn :uraq1 nn

iġñiaq child, offspring | ‘=I-1 nv (aq4 vn

iġñiayaaq- to miscarry during a pregnancy / qitunġaqaġukpaŋitkumil,uasu iġñiayaaġaqtuq as much as she longs for children, she always miscarries | ‘=I1 nv (aq4 vn -yaaq-1 vv

iġñiġiik son and a parent | +[g]IIk/t nn

iġñiñiġluk- for a mother to die at childbirth / iġñiñiġluutaa taavva tiguaŋagaat her offspring, whose birth was the cause of her death, is now adopted | ‘=I-1 nv -niġluk- vv

iġñiksraq step-son | -ksraq(-)1 nn

iġñiliuq- (Nu) to make a son for a woman

>iġñipkairI or (Ti) iġnirualiqirI midwife / iġñipkairi aggiuŋ qilamik go get the midwife, hurry | ‘=I-1 nv +pkaq-1 vv -I-7 vv +t/rI3 vn

iġñisuk- (i) to be in labor, be about to give birth | ‘=I-1 nv +suk-3 vv

IġñivIk June [lit “time when caribou give birth”] / aŋŋutit iġñivianni manniksiuġiaġuuruagut we used to go gathering eggs in June | ‘=I-1 nv +vIk1 vn

iġñivIk maternity ward; calving ground | ‘=I-1 nv +vIk1 vn

iġñiqsruq- to hurry (her/him/it) | (qsruq2 rv § see qilamiqsruq- § rel. il,uŋiqsruq-

iġri (Nu) one of two milt glands on belly of burbot § rel. iġrisik

*iġrIñ (root) suspender

iġrisik pair of suspenders / iġrisigni atuġulaił,ł,ugik kiviqiŋasaġataġuuruq because he doesn’t like to wear his suspenders, he wears his pants low all the time | +k (dual mkr) § rel. iġri

iġviaq tanned leather | -viaq2 rn § see iġi-2

iġviaksraq hide to be tanned | -viaq2 rn +ksraq1 nn

iġvialigaak slippers or moccasins with soft tanned leather soles / iġvialigaagnik atuqtuni uyaġaich aqisaġnaitchut one does not kick rocks when wearing soft tanned leather-soled boots | -viaq2 rn +ligaaq nn +k (dual mkr)

iġvirriqi- (i) to work with leather | -viaq2 rn =rriqi- vn

ii1 (excl) yes

iikiaq yes, I think so | +kiaq (encl)

iivaluk yes, I guess so | +valuk nn ?

igi-2 (t) to swallow it @ iisI- / qaniġmiñun iriqtiqsaqługu maapuuraq iil,iġaa trying to hide the marble in his mouth, he inadvertently swallowed it || +sI-3 vv

iggiaġiit- (i) to have a sore throat | ‘iaq vn +[g]IIt- nv

iggianŋu- (i) to have an incessant sore throat / iggianŋuvluŋauvva iisisuitchuŋaunnii because I have an unrelenting sore throat, I cannot swallow | ‘iaq vn -nŋu-1 nv

iggiaq throat, gullet, esophagus | ‘aq7 vn

iggiaqasiraaq- (Ti) (i) to be hoarse, barely able to talk, to lose one’s voice | +qasiraaq- vv

iggiił,uktaq- (i) to sound hoarse / iggiił,uktaġaluaŋŋaġmi atuġnialaruq he is trying to sing although he sounds hoarse | :Iq-2 nv -luk-3 vv +t/raq-1 vv

iggiiq- (i) to become hoarse, get laryngitis / aġnaq iggiiqsuq atuqpaił,ł,uni the woman got hoarse from singing too much | :Iq-2 nv

iiraġaq pill or liquid medicine / iñuunniaqtim aŋutaiyaaq kapigaluaġnagu iiraġaksraŋiñik aitchuġaa the doctor gave the boy some medicine instead of giving him a shot | -raġaq2 vn

iisaġniq Adam’s apple | +saq-3 vv

iisaq- (i) to swallow without swallowing anything / iisaqtuq niġiruaq qiñiqługu aġnaq he swallowed watching the woman eating | +saq-2 vv

iisuġaq- (Ti) (i) to have the hiccups / iisuġaŋail,l,aiqsuq qanuġliqaa nutqaqtinnil,ukkaluaġaa he can’t stop hiccoughing although she has tried everything to stop him | +suġaq- vv § syn igusiġaq-

ii3 (i) to starve; to get hungry

iipagaq- (i) for one’s mouth to water [lit “to swallow in anticipation of eating”] | +pak-3 vv +aq-1 vv

iipak- to crave it=food which is in sight but unobtainable or unoffered / maktaksrautiŋi niġiqqauraqtuat iipakkaluaġitka I am craving the muktuk which the muktuk-eating contestants are to eat, but... | +pak(-)3 vv

iisaq- (i) to covet a person eating but is unable to join in | +saq-3 vv

ii4 exclamation of fear said in a throaty breathy voice § rel. iitittii, iiqinii

iirigii exclamation of alarm

>iitittii (excl) cry of surprise when burned or hurt, or when one narrowly escapes an accident / iitittii, kataiqqayapalukkiga qallun yikes, I almost dropped the cup

ii5 (excl) moan, groan expressing sadness, sickness

iila- (i) to moan / naŋinŋitkaluaqami iilaalaqpaguuruq even when he is not very sick he moans a lot | -la- vv

iiq- (i) to moan, to groan

iiqhiiq- (i) to moan or groan | -qhiiq-vv ??

iiqhiil,uk(-) one who moans and groans constantly (i) to moan and groan | -luk(-)4 vn, vv

iiqtuaq- (i) to moan and groan constantly | +tuaq-1 vv

iigaq- (i) to lean on something; (t) to set it on a slant, at an angle

iigaqsimaaq- (i) to be leaning on something / iglum katchianun iigaqsimaapayuktuaq paałłakaapaluktuq that poor guy who was leaning on the wall sure fell hard | +simaaq- vv

iigu(-) an extension; suffix (e.g. ending or enclitic) (i) to now be lengthened; (t) to lengthen, extend it; to add a suffix to it=word / uqaluuraq unahii iigumik taggisiqaġikput look here, we call this little word a suffix / kasimaniksraqput iiguniaġikput atausimik ikarramik we will extend our meeting time an hour § rel. il,a(-), il,alaaq-

iiguaq- to form new ice attached to shore ice

iiguiññaq- (i) to continue without stopping | :Iññaq-1 vv

iiguniQ an extension | +niQ1 vn

iigusima- (t) to aim a rifle at her/him/it | +sima-2 vv

>iiguq high hill?

iiguti- to aim, sight (at it) with a gun or bow | -ti-2 vv

iiguuq- (t) to continue to lenghten, extend it | -uq-2 vv

iiguuqti consecutive interpreter

iiguuqtiliq- (t) to get someone as an interpreter for her/him | uq-2 vv +t/ri3 vn -liq-1 nv

iiġaaq (Nu) wild baby (ferocious legendary creature with a sharp-toothed mouth which extends from ear to ear) § iġaaq, makkaqpaligauraq

iikiaq yes, I think so § see ii1

iitittii exclamation cry of surprise when burned or hurt, or when one narrowly escapes an accident § see ii4

iitiilik large open sore; canker

iivaluk yes, I guess so § see ii1

*Ik (dem root) over there (restricted and visible) § rel. *av, *ag

igña, dl ikkuak, pl ikkua (abs dem pron) the one over there (restricted and visible) | +na (abs dem pron sing mkr)

ikanI (loc dem adv) located over there (restricted and visible) | +anI (loc dem)

ikaniit- (i) to be located over there (restricted and visible) | +anI (loc dem) it- “to be”

ikaŋŋa (abl dem adv) from over there (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (abl dem)

ikaŋŋamiñ (abl dem adv) from that direction over there (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (abl dem) +miñ (abl)

ikaŋŋaq- (i) to come from over there (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (abl dem) +q-3

ikka (dem adv) over there (restricted and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

iktuma or iksruma or igruma, dual ikkuak , pl ikkua (rel dem pron) that one over there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (rel dem pron sing mkr)

iktumanI or iksrumanI or igrumanI, dual ikkugnagni, pl ikkunani (loc rel dem pron) located with that one over there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (rel dem pron sing mkr) +anI (loc dem)

iktumaŋŋa or iksrumaŋŋa or igrumaŋŋa, dual ikkugnaŋŋa, pl ikkunaŋŋa from that one over there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (rel dem pron sing mkr) +aŋŋa (abl dem)

iktumatun or iksrumatun or igrumatun, dual ikkugnaktun, pl ikkunatitun like that one over there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (rel dem pron sing mkr) +atun (sim dem)

iktumiŋa or iksrumiŋa or igrumiŋa, dual ikkugniŋa, pl ikkuniŋa that one over there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (rel dem pron sing mkr) +iŋa (mod dem)

iktumuŋa or iksrumuŋa or igrumuŋa, dual ikkugnuŋa, pl ikkunuŋa to that one over there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (rel dem pron sing mkr) +uŋa (term dem)

iktumuuna or iksrumuuna or igrumuuna, dual ikkugnuuna, pl ikkunuuna via, with that one over there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (rel dem pron sing mkr) +uuna (via dem)

ikuŋa (term dem adv) to over there (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (term dem)

ikuŋanmun towards over there (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (term dem) nmun (term)

ikuŋaq- (i) to go over there (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (term dem) +q-3

ikuuna (via dem adv) via, through, by way of over there (restricted and visible) | uuna (via dem)

ikuunaaq- (i) to go by way of, via, through, over there (restricted and visible) | +uuna (via dem) +aq- dv

*ikag (root) westward ??

ikagnaq(-) north wind; to be windy from the north; (Nu) wind that crosses over from a river in a pass | +naq4 vn § see ikak-

ikagnIq- (i) to be windy from the north | +nIq-3 nv

ikaŋnaq (Ti) west, west wind | +naq4 vn [??]

ikaŋnanmun (Ti) to the west | +naq4 vn -nmun (term)

ikail,I-, ikkail,I- (Nu) (Ti) (i) to be about to set below in the sky (of sun)

ikak- to cross over (it), e.g. water

ikaaġun something used for going across, e.g. a boat; a bridge | +aq-1 vv +un1 vn

ikaaq- to cross over (it) / aakan ikaaŋava has your mother gone across? | +aq-1 vv

ikaaqsaaġun crosspiece on bed of sled | +aq-1 vv -saaq-1 vv +un1 vn § syn igil,aaq

ikaanmun- toward the other side | +aq-1 vv -nmun (term)

ikaktaq- (i) to cross back and forth; (t) to cross over it (river, body of water) repeatedly | +t/raq-1 vv

ikaktaun something used regularly to go across, e.g. a boat, a raft | +t/raq-1 vv :uti1 vn

ikaktiq- (i) to cross over a body of water carrying one’s belongings; (t) to cross it=body of water repeatedly carrying her/his belongings | +tiq-2 vv

ikarrakIt- (i) to be narrow to cross / kuugum ikarrakiññiŋagun ikaaġutiyyaġai he led them to go and cross the river at its narrowest point | -rraq1 vn -kIt- nv

ikarraQ ford, place to cross over water; one hour; width of material | +rraq1 vn

ikarraqtu- (i) to be of some distance to cross | -rraq1 vn +tu- nv § rel. niġutu-

ikaun or pl ikautit, ikaaġun bridge; bridging pole / ikautit kuugum supiruam kataktillagruaġai the rushing river brought down the bridge | :un1 vn +aq-1 vv :un1 vn

ikauti- or ikaaġuti- (t) to take her/him/it across / tavrauna naqitaġutivlugu atqautisaġaġigaat aasii iqsrukługu ikautivlugu tying him down they would descend with him, then they would carry him across on their shoulders | :uti-2 vv +aq-1 vv +uti-2 vv

ikak- (i) to be dirty

ikakłuk(-) a dirty, unkempt, untidy person (i) to be dirty (of person) | +ġuk-3 vv

ikakłuŋa- (i) to have the nature of being dirty, unkempt (of a person) | +ġuk-3 (ŋa-1 vv

ikaŋa- (i) to be untidy, messy | (ŋa- rv

ikakłiqi- (i) to become dirty (of a person); (t) to make it dirty, messy / nukatpiaġruk ikakłiqiruq piuraaqłuni aqiyami the boy is getting dirty playing in the mud | +lIqi- vv

ikkak- or ikkaktit- (i) to become dirty, grimy (of a thing); (t) to make it become dirty and messy / araasumanna inauraq ikkayaruq my goodness, this room gets messy quickly | ‘-k-2 rv ‘-k-2 rv +tit-2 vv

ikkii (excl) icky; oh, how dirty | +kii (encl)

ikkiiq- (i) to be dirty, grimy | -q-5 ev

>ikamġaq (Ti) small sled for carrying seals, etc., with ivory runners, used where a large sled cannot go [hand sled?] § rel. uniat

ikauraak(-) hyoid bone (at base of tongue); unfriendly gesture made with index and little fingers extended from fist; (t) to make an unfriendly gesture made with index and little fingers extended from fist (at her/him) / tunupqauraġman uumiñaġak nukatpiaġruk ikauraakkaa as soon as the mean boy turned around she gave him the extended fingers gesture § rel. tupquraak

ikaurak- (t) to choke her/him/it by squeezing her/his/its throat, e.g. wolf, dog attacking caribou by the throat @ ikauraI-

ikayuq- to help (her/him/it) / aŋun ikayuqtuq aitchuqtuimmata niqinik the man helped when they were passing out food / ikayuġai aġnat he is helping the women

ikayuI- (i) to help, assist someone / taamna aŋaayyuliqsi ikayuipaluktuq iñugnik uqalluataqłuni Savaiñmata the preacher helped a lot of people by giving a good sermon last Sunday | -I-7 vv

iki-1 or iku- (i) to get into a container or a conveyance; (t) to place or put her/him/it into a container or conveyance @ ikusI- / umialikput ikuruq umiamiñun itqanaiŋammagaaqsaqługu our captain got into his boat to see if it was ready @ +sI-3 vv

ikkusIq- (i) to pay, buy one’s fare; (t) to pay her/his/its fare / ikkusiqsuq aullaġukłuni tiŋŋutikun he bought a ticket to get on the plane | ‘ti1 vn ~Iq-1 nv

ikkutilik stockholder (in a corporation) | ‘-ti1 vn -lik1 nn

ikkun fare, payment for travel; stock (in corporation) | ‘-ti1 vn

iksruq- (i) to embark, to get into a vehicle or boat (of many persons); (t) to load them into a vehicle, boat, or container; for a boat to be swamped (of water) / qail,l,ium umiaq iksruġaa the wave is swamping the boat | (qsruq-2 vv

ikuliq- (i) to come into boat (of water in rough waters) | -liq-3 vv

ikuvġaq mattress (lower of two caribou skins, hair facing up), mat, pad / ikuvġaġiił,ł,uŋa siñil,l,uataŋitchuŋa I didn’t sleep well because of an uncomfortable mat | +v ? +[ġ]aq1 vn

ikuvġalIq- or ikuvġIq- (i) to place a mattress or mat under oneself; (t) to place a mattress or mat under her/him/it / ukialliñik ikuvġaliqł,uta aullaqtuagut we left using winter caribou skins as mats (on the sled, boat or any other means of transportation) | +[ġ]aq1 vn -lIq-1 nv +[ġ]aq1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

iki-2 to burn

igniġil,aq sailing vessel [lit “one without a fire”] | +niQ1 vn -il,aq(-)1 nn

igniġil,aq atausil,ik one-masted sailing vessel (also malġulik, piŋasulik, etc) | ~niQ1 vn :Il,aq nn

igniġun percussion cap; primer | ~niQ1 vn +[ġ]uq-1 nv ‘ti1 vn

igniġuq- (i) to become fire | +uq-1 nv

>igniġutiksraq or igniksraq (Nu) primer § see igniksraq

>igniġutiksraqaġvIk or igniksraqaġvIk (Nu) primer horn (made of sheep’s horn)

igniġuula- (i) to throw out sparks / maġġakuaġman agluŋik igniġuulapaluktuk when he traveled over sand his sled runners sparked a lot | +niQ1 vn +[ġ]uq-1 nv -q-1 vv -la- vv

igniġuuqpatit- (i) to strike (of lightning); to spark once / igniġuuqpatinman tupapaluktuŋa I was very startled when the lightning struck | +niQ vn +[ġ]uq-1 nv -q-1 vv +patit- vv § rel. >qaummiatitaq-

igniġuuqpatitaq- (i) to strike more than once (of lightning) | +niQ1 vn +[ġ]uq-1 nv -q-1 +patit- vv -+t/raq-1 vv § rel. qaummiatitaq-

igniġvIk stove / taigruamik igniġvil,iullavich can you make a stove from an oil drum? | +niQ1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

>igniksraq gunpowder?

igniligauraq inboard motor boat / aŋuniaġiaqsaŋiñmiut igniligauraġiił,ł,utiŋ they are not going hunting because their motor boat is out of order | +niQ1 vn -lik1 nn +ġaq1 nn :uraq1 nn

ignilik motor vessel, motor-driven ship | +niQ1 vn -lik1 nn

igniñ or iŋniñ flint, stone used to ignite fire, fire starter | +niQ1 vn ‘=I-1 vv ‘ti vn

igniQ fire | +niQ1 vn

>igniqpalliaġaq- (i) to make a fire flare up (to attract attention) | +qpak(-) vv,nn,vn -llIq-2 nv +-aq-1 vv +-aq-1 vv § rel. >qaummaliaġaq-

igniqauġvIk place to have an outdoor fire | +niQ1 vn -qauq- nv +vIk1 vn

igniqauq- (i) to build a fire outside; a campfire | +niQ1 vn +qauq- nv

>igniqpatit- (i) to make a spark | +niQ1 vn +patit- nv

igniqsuq- (i) to build a fire in a stove; (t) to build a fire in it=stove or fireplace; to build a fire in a stove in it=dwelling / igniqsuġiaqtuuraġuŋ iglu go quickly and build a fire in the stove in the house | +niQ1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

igniqsuun bow drill § see kigmiaq under kigi

igniqutit outboard motor; car engine; power plant | +niQ1 vn +qun1 vn +t (pl mkr)

igniqutitaq- (i) to use an outboard motor | +niQ1 vn +qun1 nn +[t]aq-2 nv

igniuqti engineer on train | ‘=iuq-1 nv +t/rI3 vn

>ikirrutigraq (Ti) rubbing alcohol

ikirrutiksraq something to start a fire

ikit- (i) to be now ignited (of fire, cigarette, cigar or pipe); to be turned on (of light); (t) to ignite, turn it on @ ikitchI- / ikinŋa, ikutitka imma sumavikkiaq light my cigarette, I don’t know what I did with my matches | +t-1 vv @ +sI-3 vv

ikkuala- (Ti) (i) to blaze, roar (of fire) | ‘-ala- vv

ikkuqutit heather used for starting fires (Cassiope tetragona) | ‘n1 vn +qun1 nn +t (pl mkr)

ikkutiksraq, ikkutigraq (Ti) fire starter, e.g. shaving(s), bits of paper, gas used to ignite a fire, lighter fluid, rubbing alcohol / ikkutiksramik nanukkaa tunua she rubbed his back with rubbing alcohol | ‘n1 vn -ksraq(-)1 nn

ikuala- (i) to blaze, burn brightly | -ala- vv

ikuallak- (i) to burst into flames; (by extension) to lose one’s temper / ikuallayaruq amna taavamna that guy loses his temper easily | -ala- vv ‘-k-3 vv [question? anglicism?]

ikuappak- (t) to raise it (lamp flame) | +ppak- rv

ikuma- (i) to be burning, on (of a light) | +ma-1 vv

ikumman heating fuel, stove oil | +ma-1 vv ‘n1 vn

ikummatit energy; source of energy | +ma-1 vv ‘n1 vn -t (pl mkr)

ikun match | +n4 vn

ikI open wound

ikil,ik one with a wound; wounded or dead animal | -lik1 nn

ikil,iq- (Ti) (t) to wound her/him/it with a shot | -lIq-1 nv

ikil,l,ak- (i) to catch a wounded animal; to find a wounded or dead animal | -lik1 nn ‘-k-1 nv

ikil,l,aktaġi- (t) to find it=wounded or dead animal and claim it | -lik1 nn ‘-k-1 nv -+t/raq4 vn

ikil,l,au- (i) to be wounded

ikil,l,ii- to wound (it)

ikisia- (i) to make noise or move about after being wounded / tuttu ikisiaruaq supputivsaaqługu tuqutkaa he shot the wounded caribou which was thrashing about with another shot | +sia- nv

>ikiaq1 extra wide base to sod house

ikiaq(-)2 woman’s slip; (i) to put on a woman’s slip; (t) to put a woman’s slip on her/him/it

ikiaq- (i) to now be split into layers; (t) to split it into layers; to divide, split it into its natural layers, e.g. walrus skins which can be split into inner and outer parts; split wood @ ikiaqsI- | +sI-3 vv

ikiaġruġaq- (Ti) (i) to shudder as with fright | +qsruq-2 vv +aq-1 vv

ikiaġuk- (Nu) (i) to feel cold [?to shiver?] | perhaps -uk-2 vv § syn qiiya-

>ikiaqsalaa- or ikiaqsalaaq- (Ti) (i) to have a chill go through your body, as when startled | +salak- vv -q-2 vv or +salak- vv -aq-1 vv

ikiaqsaq- (Ti) (i) to have a chill go through your body when startled | +saq-2 vv

ikiaqtaq- (Ti) (i) to shiver from the cold | +t/raq-1 vv § rel. uulila-

ikiaqtit- (i) to fall or be placed in between two things; (t) to cause it to fall or be placed in between two things; to insert something into it, like a wedge into a piece of wood / uluuraġa paqillaiqsaġa ikiaqtinŋamaruaq katchimun my ulu, which I’ve not been able to find, had slipped into the area between the walls | (tit-1 vv

ikkirraQ a split layer of something

>ikirrIq- [??] [jmn-barrier island that the waves have split in two so that there is a place to cross over to the other side] § see ikak-

ikiaqtala- (i) to experience a tingling sensation, often from anticipation / ikiaqtalauraliġamaunnii aullaġumalaaqpaił,ł,uŋa I was tingling from excitement because I was so looking forward to my trip [check differences between this word & the next, which is prolonged? other differences] | +t/raq-1 vv -la- vv § rel. ikiaq

ikiaqtalaaq- (i) to experience a prolonged tingling sensation | +t/raq-1 vv -la- vv -q1 vv

>ikigua (Nu) (dem pron pl) those there (restricted and visible) § see ikkua under *Ik

>ikiġaaq(-) [maybe ikkiġaaq(-)] tent door made of two flaps; (i) to easily open repeatedly (of tent flaps) | perhaps +aaq3 nn

ikiġġat platform on four posts, for gear or food to keep it out of reach of animals; open cache; drying rack for fish or meat | +t (pl mkr) § rel. tatigI

ikiipkuq ulna (bone in forearm); lower bone in caribou, foreleg

>ikik1 ikigich (pl) spinal disc, cartilage [?]

ikIk2 block of wood [?]

ikigrauraq (Ti) cube of yeast

ikiQ sound, strait (topographical) passage of water between bodies of land

ikiġuraq (Nu) a narrow strait; a small bullet hole | (uraq rn

ikikIt- (i) to be narrow e.g. of a river, doorway; for there to be a short distance across between two things | -kIt- nv

ikikłI- (Ti) ikigli- (i) to become narrow; to close up, come together (e.g. of ocean ice) | -kłI-1 nv

ikiqtu- (i) to be wide, to be a long distance across between two things e.g. of a river / ikiqturuq tamanna kuuk itimmivl,uni this river is wide and also very deep | +tu- rv

ikinġuraq sole of fur socks

ikit-, ikikIt- (i) to be few § see it-

ikivġIq- (i) to be propped up; (t) to prop it up § see iku-, iki-

ikkat- (i) to be shallow e.g., a body of water / ikkattuq taamna narvaq that lake is shallow § ant iti-

ikkalġIt- (i) to get stuck in shallow water e.g., a conveyance or a person in a conveyance | +ġuq2 n ‘=It-3 nv

ikkalġiuq- (i) to experience the effects of shallow water

ikkalġuq submerged sandbar, shallow water | +lġuq n § rel. naġrugaq

ikkauraq, (PB) itkauraq five-gallon kerosene can / ikkauramun misiġarriruq aakaga my mother is making oil in a five-gallon can

ikkii (excl) icky; oh, how dirty | +kii (encl) § rel. ikak- [If +kii is an enclitic then ik is the root so therefore these two words ikkii and ikkiiq- should be under *ik]

ikkiiq- (i) for it to be dirty / ikkiiqtuq it is dirty

ikkIq or >ikkikkii, pl ikkiġich red spruce tree; hard wood which grows on the side of a spruce tree; hardwood

>ikkIt (Nu?) sg ikkIq, (PB) itkIq gums of mouth | -t (pl mkr)

ikkun fare, payment for travel; stock (in corporation) | ‘-n1 vn § see iki-1

ikł,ik- (i) to desire, covet something

ikł,igi- (t) to desire, covet it | +[g]i2 vv

ikł,ignaq- to be tempting, desirable

ikł,igusaaq- to tempt (her/him) @ ikł,igusaaqłII- | +[s]uk-1 vv -saaq-2 vv @ +kłIq-1 vv (I-7 vv

ikł,igusaaġun or ikł,igusaun or ikł,igutchaun a temptation | +[s]uk-1 vv -saaq-2 vv -u1 vn +t (plural marker)

ikł,igusuk- (i) to be tempted to do something | +[s]uk-1 vv -suk-3 vv

ikł,igutchaI- (t) to cause her/him to become tempted | +[s]uk-1 vv -tchak- vv -I-9 vv

ikł,igutchak- (i) to become tempted | +[s]uk-1 vv +tchak- vv

ikł,iktau- (i) to be tempted / ikł,iktausuuruq taamna aġnaq that woman is always coveting something | +t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv

ikł,iġvIk1 tool bag, tool box | +vIk1 rv § rel. ikpiaġruk >suummak tuummaq tilaammaayuun

>ikł,iġvik2 dual ikł,iġvak, pl >ikł,iġvigIch fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca) | -vik3 nn

>ikł,iġvik3 (Nu) hanging hair beneath chin of bull moose | +vik3 nn § rel. manułhuutaq

ikpak part of trousers in front above belt; top front edge of pants

ikpaksraq yesterday § syn unnugman

ikpaksraaġu(n) in a few days | -aq1 nn +[g]u(n) nn

ikpaksraapak during the last few days; (Nu) a few days ago (a span of one to two weeks) | -aq6 nn -pak2 nn

ikpaksraaq a few days ago / ikpaksraaq qaiŋaruami I came a few days ago | -aq6 nn

ikpaksraasugruk some time ago (a span of a month or so) / ikpaksraasugruk kasimayyaŋaruagut Kalaałłit nunaannun we attended a meeting in Greenland a month or so ago | -aq6 nn +sugruk1 nn

ikpaksratqIk day before yesterday | +tqIk3 nn

ikpiaġruk small sack to hold belongings; sewing kit; woman’s handbag; jellyfish | perhaps -ġruk nn § rel. ikł,iġvIk, >suummak, tuummaq tilaammaayuun

ikpigi- (t) to feel a discomfort from it=slightly painful place on body; discomfort from ill-fitting clothing | +[g]i- rv

ikpIk bluff; steep, bank of river § rel. imnaq

ikpiktitaq- to undercut a bank (of water) [lit. `one that encounters a bluff’] / immam ikpiktitaqtuam nuŋutkaa Ukkuqsiq the water which keeps undercutting the bank is washing away Ukkuqsiq | (tit-1 vv +t/raq-1 vv

ikpiil,ġuq an area which is a low spot along a bluff or a steep bank | +It-1 nv +ġuq2 vn

iksaq- (i) to release an arrow or to fire a gun; to be inclined to hit, strike a blow, start a fight, start shooting easily without restraint; (t) to start a fight with her/him / iksayavluni piyuktitchuuruq the reason he gets beaten up is because he strikes so easily without restraint

iksauti- (i) to start fighting back; (t) to release it=stone from a sling; to throw a stone, spear, harpoon, etc. intentionally | :uti-2 vv

iksaluk(-) or iksaluu- one who is disorganized and messy; (i) to be messy, disorganized, leave things around; to put things anywhere, not in their places / tavra iksalukpaił,ł,utin tammaisuurutin the reason you lose things is because you put things anywhere, not where they should be | +luk(-)4 vn :u-2 nv

iksaluŋaaq- (i) to be messy, disorganized (of a person) | +luk(-)4 vn (ŋaaq(-) nv

iksI- (i) to throw things away, throw out, discard things; to take things to the dump; (t) to throw her/his things away § see igit-2

iksiqi- (i) to rummage for things in the dump § see igit-2

iksivIk or iktaqaġvik dump; dumpster § see igit-2

iksiaksraq snow to be melted for drinking water | (aq4 vn +ksraq1 nn § see auksiaq(-)

iksiva- (i) to be sitting / iksivaruq aġnaq uniat qaaŋanni the woman is sitting on the top of the sled § syn aquppI-

iksivaq- (i) to sit down | +aq-1 vv § syn aquvit-

iksivautaq chair | +utaq(-)1 vn § syn aquppiutaq

iksuġaq, iksuqqat pl seat in skin boat | +[ġ]aq1 vn

iksrik- (i) to bend over with one’s buttocks in the air; (t) to bend over with one’s buttocks raised towards her/him/it; to “moon” her/him/it § rel. iksiva-, iksuġaq

iksriktaayuuq spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularia); yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) | +taayuuq [?]

iksruma or iktuma that one over there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iksrumaa! (excl) hey! you over there!

iksruq- (i) to embark, to get into a vehicle or boat (of many persons); (t) to load them into a vehicle, boat, or container; for a boat to be swamped (of water) / qail,l,iit umiaq iksruġaat the waves are flooding the boat § see iki-1

iksuġaq seat in skin boat § see iksiva- § rel. kiglu

iktaqaġvIk dump; dumpster § see igit-2 iksi-

iktaq something thrown away, discarded item; outcast § see igit-2

iktuma or iksruma that one there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iktumanI or iksrumanI located with that one there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iktumaŋŋa or iksrumaŋŋa from that one there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iktumatun or iksrumatun like that one there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iktumiŋa or iksrumiŋa with that one there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iktumuŋa or iksrumuŋa to that one there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iktumuuna or iksrumuuna through, via, with that one there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

iku- (i) to get in a conveyance or container; (t) to put her/him/it in a conveyance or container § also iki-1

ikuk- to scrape (it) animal skin; (t) to tan (skin) by scraping it

ikuaq or ikuktaq scraped skin | (aq4 vn

ikuI- (i) to do first tanning of caribou hide | -I-7 vv

ikuun skin scraper (traditionally a chipped flint or a ground stone blade that was mounted in a handle of driftwood or ivory, nowadays a piece, usually four inches of shotgun barrel or shotgun shell casing, is used for the blade); wood plane | :un1 vn § rel. satkuun, ???saluksiñ

ikuŋa to there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

ikuŋaq- (i) to go there (restricted and visible); (t) to put it over there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

ikuŋanmun towards over there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

ikusIk(-) elbow; (t) to elbow her/him/it / ikusiŋik maksiŋamaruak kigragruaqtun his elbows were dirty and crusted, very rough to the touch

ikusigmIk- to elbow (her/him/it) repeatedly with quickness | +mik-1 nv

ikusiksimaaq- (i) to be on one’s elbows; (t) to have one’s elbows on it | +simaaq- nv

ikusimiraq- (Nu) (i) to hobble on elbows (of human or dog) | -mIk1 nv,vv +raq-2 nv

ikutchiaq- (i) to hurt one’s elbow | ‘aq-3 nv

ikutaq(-) boot trim made of thin strips of dyed seal skin woven through punched holes on sun-bleached seal skin; to make seal skin boot trim / ikutaqługit qupaguugait nalukataunnat they decorate summer whaling festival boots with strips of colored seal skin woven in

ikuunnaaq- (i) to go by way of there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

ikuuna through, via over there (restricted and visible) § see *Ik

ikuvġaq mat, mattress, pad; bottom of two sleeping skins used with fur down § see iki-1

ikvapak (adv) the last few days § see ikpaksrapak

ilaa1 (abs pron) she/he or herself/himself § see *ili

ilaa2 (excl) it’s almost just like that! word used to express that something or someone is similar to or acts like another, e.g. talks just like, feels just like, looks just like, acts just like / ilaa makua nusapiatin these look just like your own hair

ilaagun (via pron) via, with her/him; by itself § see *ili

ilaagullaa set aside by itself, alongside something § see *ili

ilaaluq (Ti) partner, schoolmate § see il,aaluq under il,a

ilaannigun (Ti) some other time, in a few days, months; at some time § see il,aannigun under il,a

>ilaaq- (i) to scoop out ice chunks from a hole; (t) to scoop out ice chunks from it=hole @ ilaaqsI- | +sI-3 vv § rel. ilak-

>ilaaġun, ilaun or ilaaqtuun scoop with horn frame and baleen netting, used to remove ice chunks from fishing hole or any hole in the ice | -un1 vn or +tuq-1 vv -un1 vn § also mitiŋiun

ilagaq- (Nu) (t) to brush them away § rel. katit-

>ilaggun (Ti) division of a whale into shares § rel. autaaq(-) § see *ili

ilaġġisigi- (Ti) (t) to not heed her/his advice, warning § see il,aġġisigi-

ilaġvIIt abdominal viscera; guts / “ilaġviŋi samma imaiññiqsut,” uqallaktuq saptallaġmiuŋ paniurani “her guts are empty,” she said as she felt and examined her little daughter’s abdomen

ilak- (t) to shove her/him/it aside with a sweeping motion @ ilaksI- / ilakkaa aġnaq iñail,uqutauruaq she shoved aside the woman who was taking up most of the space @ +sI-3 vv

ilagaq- (t) to shove it aside; (Nu) (t) to brush them away | -gaq-1vv

ilakługi- (t) to swipe, shove, throw it, them around and leave it, them in a mess / ilakługigai suġauttat iglumiittuat ivaqłiqł,uni sumiktaimma he is shoving things around in the house looking for something | +łuk1 nn +[g]i-1 nv

*ilakłuk item shoved | +łuk1nn, rn

>ilaliuraq- (Ti) (t) to wave to her/him § see il,a

ilannaq or ilauraaq (Ti) friend § see il,a

ilaŋa- (i) to desire, request something from one’s namesake (e.g. a share of an animal) / aññaġa tautukapku ilaŋaruaŋa, niġliġnik aatchimagaaŋa when I last saw my namesake cousin, I expressed a desire for geese, now I find that she brought me some geese

>ilaunnii (Nu) if possible / ilaunnii qaiñiaqtuŋa I will come if possible § rel. il,aanni

*ili (root) self

ilaa, dual iliŋik, dual (Ti) iligik, pl iliŋIt or ilaI (3rd person abs pron) she/he, her/him / ilaa aikł,iġl,i let him fetch something himself (instead of making you or someone else do it) | :a (abs poss 3s-s)

ilaaguaq- (i) to be singled out; (t) to single her/him/it out; to set her/him/it aside; to exclude her/him/it from a group; (Ti) to deliver it=package; to go along with what she/he says or suggests / aggisuutiniaqtani ilaaguaġai he is setting aside the things he will take home | :a (abs poss 3s-s) +guaq- nv (suffix related to the via)

ilaagullaa, pl iliŋisigullaa (adv) by itself as a set (number in set= 1) / iliŋisigullaa il,iuqqaġniaġitka I will place them separately by themselves as a set | :a (abs poss 3s-s) +gun (via) -llaa nn

ilaagun, dual iliŋikkun, pl iliŋisigun (via pron 3rd person) via, with her or him; by herself, himself, or itself / ilaagun avuŋa il,l,iuŋ you put it over there by itself / ilaagun aiñiaġnisaġigma tell him that I will go home with him | :a (abs poss 3s) +gun (via)

ilaanI, dual iliŋignI, pl iliŋiññI (loc pron 3rd person) located with her/him / ilaani inniaqtuŋa I will be staying with her | :a (abs poss 3s-s) (nI (loc)

ilaanik, dual iliŋignik, pl iliŋiññik (mod pron 3rd person) her/him; by herself/himself/itself (not reflexive) / ilaanik pitquraa he told her to do it by herself | :a (abs poss 3s-s) (nik (mod)

ilaaniñ, dual iliŋigniñ, pl iliŋiññiñ (abl pron 3rd person) from her/him / ilaaniñ il,itchaġa I learned it from him | :a (abs poss 3s-s) (niñ (abl)

ilaanun, dual iliŋignun, pl iliŋiññun (term pron 3rd person) to her/him/it / ilaanun qairruŋ give it to her / ilaanun pipkaġnagu don’t let her take it | :a (abs poss 3s-s) (nun (term)

ilaan, ilaata, dual iliŋikta, pl iliŋisa or ilaisa (rel pron 3rd person) her, herself, he, himself / pisukkumiuŋ ilaata ail,iuŋ if he wants it let him come and get it himself / ilaata piraa he did it himself | :ata (rel poss 3s-s)

ilaatun, dual iliŋiktun, pl iliŋisitun (sim pron 3rd person) like her/him/it; in her/his/its own way of doing things / ilaatun pipkaqtaġa I allowed her to do it in her own way | :a (abs poss) (tun (sim)

ilignI, dual ilivsigñI or iliptignI, pl ilivsiññI (pron loc 2nd person) located with you / iligni inniaġniruaq she said she was planning to stay with you | -k (2nd person mkr for pron) (nI (loc)

ilignik, dual ilivsigñik or iliptignik, pl ilivsiññik (mod pron 2nd person) you; by yourself / ilignik ikayuqtiqaġuktuaq he wanted you for his helper / ilignik piñiatagnagu don’t try to do it by yourself | -k (2nd person mkr for pron) (nik (mod)

iligniñ, dual ilivsigniñ or iliptigniñ, pl ilivsiññiñ (abl pron in 2nd person) from you; in comparison to you / iligniñ aŋiłhaaqpalliqsuq he is probably bigger than you | -k (2nd person mkr for pron) (niñ (abl)

ilignun, dual ilivsigl,un or iliptignun, pl ilivsiññun (term pron 2nd person) to you; as secondary subject by you / ilignun ikayuġniruaq she said she was helped by you | -k (2nd person mkr for pron) (nun (term)

ilikkun, dual ilivsikkun or iliptikkun, pl ilivsigun (pron in via 2nd person) through, via, with you / ilikkun qaivak did theyd come with you | -k (2nd person mkr for pron) -kun (via)

iliktun, dual ilivsiksun or iliptiktun, pl ilivsisun like you; as you (are) / iliktun auktaqaqsimaruaq tayaġniġmigun he has a mole on his wrist like you do | -k (2nd person mkr for pron) (tun (sim)

ilimI or inmI, dual ilimik or inmik, pl ilimiŋ or inmiŋ own self | +mI (poss rel refl 3s-s)

ilimigun or inmigun, dual ilimikkun or inmikkun, pl ilimiktigun or inmiktigun (via pron 3rd person refl) through, via, with herself/himself/itself; by herself/himself/itself / ilimigun ittuq it is by itself | -mI (rel poss refl 3s-s) +gun (via)

ilimiñI or inmiñi, dual ilimignI or inmignI, pl ilimiŋnI or inmiŋni (loc pron 3rd person refl) located with herself/himself/itself / ilimiñi itqugaluaqtaatigut she asked us to stay with her, alright | -mI (rel poss refl 3s-s) (nI (loc)

ilimiñik or inmiñik, dual and pl ilimignik or inmiŋnik (mod pron 3rd person refl) by herself/himself, through her/his own efforts; of one’s own volition | +mI (rel poss refl 3s-s) (nik (mod), +mI (rel poss 3s-s)

ilimiñiñ or inmiñiñ, dual ilimigniñ or inmigniñ, pl ilimiŋniñ or inmiŋniñ (abl pron 3rd person refl) from herself/himself/itself; in comparision to herself/himself/itself / ilimiñiñ aŋiłhaaġniraa he said it was bigger than he is | -mI (rel poss refl 3s- s) (niñ (abl)

ilimiñun or inmiñun, dual ilimignun or inmignun, pl ilimignun or ilimiŋnun or inmignun or inmiŋnun (term pron 3rd person refl) to herself/himself/itself; as secondary subject / ilimiñun pitquniraa she said she was told to do it | -mI (rel poss refl 3s-s) (nun (term)

ilimisun or inmisun, dual ilimiktun or inmiktun, pl ilimiktitun or inmiktitun (sim pron 3rd person refl) by herself/himself, in her/his own way; of itself / ilimisun ikuallaktuaq uunaqsivaił,ł,uni it burst into flames by itself because it had gotten too hot | -mI or ~mI (rel poss refl 3s-s,d-p) +tun (sim)

ilimnun for oneself | +nmun (term poss 1s)

ilvIt (sometimes pronounced ilivit), dual iliptik or ilivsik, pl ilivsI (abs or rel pron 2nd person) used when emphasis is needed you / ilvit qanutun ukiuqaqpit how old are you / ilvit pisaġiñ you do it | -vit (2s)

ilik- (t) to become scorched, singed (of food, hair, fabric, etc.)

iligraaq(-) browned, roasted flour; (i) to be roasted, browned (of flour); (Ti) to brown (it) / iligraaqtitqaaqługu palauvak imiliqsuni aluuttaġaaq palauvaaġiguuruq if one browns the flour before adding water, the gravy has a good consistency | -aq1 vv | (aq4 vn

iligrak(-) sunburn, a scorch; scaly skin from sun or windburn; pimple; (t) to get sunburned (of skin); to become scaly (of skin from exposure to sun or wind) / upinġaksrami uviñiga iligraktuġuuruq in the spring my skin gets dry and blotchy | +rak(-) vn, vv § see amiġil,uk(-) under amIq(-)

iligrauraq pimple

iliktit- (i) to get burned on her or his clothes; (t) to cause it to get burned | (tit- vv

iliktitchI- (i) to let something get accidently burned, scorched by placing it too close to fire | (tit- vv +[t]sI- vv

iliktiun (Ti) or iliktiġun pattern (for sewing) § rel. il,iktiq-

illiaq uterus, dual illirrak ovaries

>illIq- (i) to hide and be safe from opponents; (t) to make a place for someone / illiġaa aŋun isiqtuaq aġġiruanun he made room for the man who came to the Eskimo dance / nukatpiaġruk iqsivl,uni illiqsuq upkuam tunuanun the boy was scared and hid behind the door | perhaps -lIq-1 nv § rel. illuq-

illiqsaaq- (t) to move things aside to make room for her/him/it | -saaq-1 vv

illiuti- (i) to replace someone after one has been designated | :uti-2 vv

illu- (i) to find a hiding place / qimmiq illuruq aŋutim ivaqtaŋa the dog found a hiding place, the one that the man is looking for

illuk- (i) to be snowblind / aŋun illukłuni tammaġniqsuq the man got lost, it seems, because he had been struck with snowblindness

illugniq snowblindness / illugniq il,aanni nalautchuuruq irgaqtuŋitchuni snowblindness sometimes happens when one doesn’t wear sunglasses

illuiyaun medicine for snowblindness | :Iyaq- vv :un1 vn

illuksiutik snow goggles with narrow slits | +siun vn -k (dual mkr)

>illuliaġaġIIk great-grandparent and great-grandchild | +[g]IIk/t nn [CHECK il,uliaġaq? gt-gdparent? il,ulik is gt gt gdchild]

illulik something diamond-shaped; diamond suit in cards

>illuq- to settle into nest, of bird / qaugak illuqtuq the bird settled in its nest

illut- (t) to hit it=animal using a sling, slingshot / illutkaa tiŋmiaq tiŋisaqtuaq he hit the bird using a slingshot as it was about to fly away

illutchaq- (i) to throw a rock using a sling; (t) to throw a rock from a sling at her/him/it | +tchaq-1 vv

illuuk (Ti) sling (for hunting) | -uk(-)2 vn

illuun a stone or an object used to throw using a sling

illuutik throwing sling / illuutillu qil,amitautillu tamarra qaŋasaaq qaugagniaġutigisuuraŋich slings and bolas were used when duck hunting long ago | :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

iluaq- or iłuaq- (i) to be fitting, to be correct, right; to feel fine

iluaġi- or iłuaġi- (t) to consider, find it to be all right, acceptable; to be a good fit / iłuaġiŋitchaat they did not consider it to be proper / iłuaġigiga it fits me [lit.“I fit it”] | +[g]i-1 vv

iluamik or iłuamik (adv) properly, rightly, correctly | (mik (mod)

iluammaġIIt- or iłuammaġIIt- (i) to feel unwell, to not feel well | -mmaġIIt- vv

iluaqsaq- or iłuaqsaq- (i) to straighten one’s appearance; (t) to fix, straighten, adjust it @ iluaqsaI- or iłuaqsaI- / iluaqsaġai maqpiġaatin she is putting your papers in order / iluaqsairuq piuraanik naviŋaruanik he is fixing the broken toys / ?iluaqsaqtuq? inmiñun uqaqami aŋayuqaamiñun he adjusted his words to justify himself to his parents | +saq-3 vv @ -I-7 vv

iluaqsI- or iłuaqsI- (i) to get well, become fixed, adjusted; (t) to fix, adjust it / iluaqsiruq naŋittuaq the sick person became well / iluaqsivauŋ qamun? did he fix the car? | +sI-1 vv

iluaqsruq- or iłuaqsruq- (Ti) iluaġruq- (i) to be in the process of being fixed (t) to correct her/him/it; to straighten her/him/it out; to fix, redo, correct it @ iluaqsruI-, iłuaqsruI- | (qsruq-2 vv @ - I-7 vv

iluaqsruun amendment e.g. to a motion, agreement | (qsruq-2 vv :un1 vn

iluaqumaaġIk- (Ti) (i) to feel good | perhaps +umaaq-2 vv +[g]Ik- nv

iluaqumaIt- (Ti) (i) to feel sickly | perhaps +umaaq-2 vv +[g]Ik- nv

iluigi- or iłuigi- (t) to feel that it does not fit right; to feel that she/he/it does not belong or is inappropriate / uuktuaġaluaqtaa, iłuigivlugu mattaqtaa she tried it on but took it off because it did not feel right | =It-1 vv -[g]i-3 vv

iluil,aqtuq- or iłuil,aqtuq- (i) to feel remorse, guilt / iluil,aqtuqtuq aŋun killukuaqtaqqaaqłuni the man felt guilty after making mistakes | =Il,aq(-) nn +tuq-3 nv

iluil,l,Iq- or (Ti) iłuil,l,Iq- iluilliq- (i) to become sick, troubled, grieved, unwell; to become malfunctioning (t) to cause it to not look right, or function properly / aġnam iluaqsruġmani sagluruam kiiñaŋa iłuil,l,iqsuq when the woman corrected him, the liar’s face looked troubled | =It-2 vv -lIq-3 vv

iluil,l,iuġun or iłuil,l,iuġun affliction, agony, discomfort, trouble | =It-2 vv -lIq-3 vv :uq-2 vv :un1 vn

iluil,l,iuq- or iłuil,l,iuq- (i) to be troubled, grieved, unwell / sagluqqaaqłuŋa iluil,l,iuqtuŋa after telling a lie, I felt troubled | =It-2 vv -lIq-3 vv :uq-2 vv

iluIt- or iłuIt- (i) to not fit, to look wrong, to be sick | =It-2 vv

*iluqaq (root) entirety, totality, whole § see *tamaq

iluġani or iluqani completely, entirely, all of it

iluġnaan (pron) or iluqaan (pron used as obj only) all of it; dual iluqaagnik both of themd, all of theird entirety; pl iluqaisa all of them, all of their entirety | -an (3s) -agnik (3d); -isa (3p)

iluġnaq (Ti) whole thing, entire / il,uġnauvluŋa qaitchuŋa I give my whole self

iluqaġma (pron) all of me; dual iluqamnuk both of us, all of ourd entirety; pl iluqapta (pron) all of us, all of our entirety | +ma (1s); -mnuk (1d); -pta (1p) § see iluqata, iluqanuk

iluqaġmi (pron as subj only) all of her/him/it; dual iluqaġmik both of themd, all of theird entirety; pl iluqaġmik/ŋ all of them, all of their entirety as | +mI (3sR); +mik (3dR); -mik/ŋ (3pR)

iluqanuk (pron dual) both of us; pl iluqata all of us § see iluqapta, iluqamnuk

iluqaqpIt (pron) all of your entirety; dual iluqavsik, iluqaptik, iluqasik both of youd, all of yourd entirety; pl iluqavsI, iluqasI all of youp, all of yourp entirety | -pIt/n (2s); -vsik (2d); -vsI (2p) | -sik (2d); -sI (2p)

iluqatik (pron) both of themd; pl iluqatik or iluqatiŋ all of them | -tik (3dR); -tik/ŋ (3pR) § see iluqaġmik, iluqaġmik/ŋ

il,a(-) relative by blood, marriage or name; companion, friend, partner; part of a whole; (i) to get a co-participant, co-member; to become extended, receive a new addition, e.g. of a house, of a family, of an institution; (t) to add on to it; to come and be a co-participant with her/him / il,amiñik una il,isimapayuktuq this one knows who his relatives are (by his actions he shows he cares)

il,aallIq- (i) to acquire, get a partner, friend; (t) to take her/his side; to be a partner to her/him, to join her/him / il,aalliġaa nukaaluata his younger sibling took his side, e.g. in a competition | +luq4 ‘=Iq-1 nv

il,aalugruaq child

il,aalliqsuq- (t) to take sides, support her/him | +luq4 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

il,aaluq partner | +luq4 nn

il,aannI later; sometimes, once in a while; sometime in the future / il,aanni qairaġġuiñ you should come once in a while | :at (poss abs 3p-3s) (nI (loc) § rel. il,a(-)

il,aannigu, (Ti) il,aanigun at some future time, at a later date; “wait until later” / il,aannigulu tautuutiniaġmiugut we’ll see each other sometime later / il,aannigu aiy later, okay? | :at (poss abs 3p-s) (nI (loc) +[g]un nn

il,aaq(-) patch on clothing, paper; addition to a house, tent; (t) to patch it; to put an addition on it=house / iglumi il,aaŋa iglualuaniñ aŋiłhaaqtuq the addition to his house is bigger than the original house / igluni amma il,aaqsimaraa he is putting an addition on his house | -aq(-)7 vn

>il,aaqtuutiligaak or il,aaqtuutillak woman’s long boots, with aquptitauraq bottoms but with more trim [needs a better definition as well as a picture to illustrate the difference??] | ? -aq(-)7 vn +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn -ligaaq(-) vn +k (dual mkr) or +aq(-)7 vn +tuq-2 vv +un1 vn [+lik1 nv :It (pl mkr)]

il,agi- (t) to include, to have her/him/it as a member | +[g]i-1 vv

il,agiit extended family | +[g]IIk nn -t (pl mkr)

il,agIk- (i) to be or have a good friend, companion, partner, relative | +[g]Ik- nv

il,aiq- (i) to become an orphan; to lose a relative, friend or partner; (t) to take, remove part of it @ il,aiqsI- | :Iq-2 nv || +sI-3 vv

il,ait- (i) to not have relative; to have a part missing | :It- nv

il,aku(-) remainder, leftover; (i) to leave a remainder of something; to have a remainder (of fabric or food); (t) to not use it all, to leave a remainder of it; to leave a remainder of something for her/him/it / aapiyan nullautaksraŋanik il,akuviuŋ did you leave some of the supper for your older brother / atikłikama il,akutka katiłługit aitqatchiruami I made mittens by gathering my leftover material from making a parka | -ku(-) nn, nv

il,akutaq remaining piece left e.g. as a sliver or any foreign matter in a flesh wound; remainder, leftover | +kutaq vn

il,alaaq- (t) to increase, enlarge it by adding to it | -laaq-1 vv

il,alġun encouragement | -lġun vn

il,alġusIq- (i) to have a relapse; to feel, experience pain, esp from overdoing something, e.g. work, eating, staying out in cold weather; to increase (of pain or sickness) as when one works too soon after illness, or eats too much after illness; to aggravate an illness / savaksatqigñaġiaqpaił,ł,uni il,algusiġñialgitchuq she’ll get worse again if she starts working again too soon | -lġun vn :Iq2- nv, rv § rel. il,l,arruq- under il,a(-)

il,alI- to shake hands (with her/him); to wave (at her/him) in greeting / >Iñupiarguuq il,aliruanik tautuqqaaqamiŋ ivsulanisuuraŋich it is said that when the Iñupiat first saw people waving they described it as “they are flapping in the wind” | -lI-1 nv § rel. nuluġaq-

il,aliuq- to make (her/him) one’s relative | -liuq- nv

il,aliuti- (i) to join, become a member of an organization; to become a part of something; (t) to make her/him/it a part of something / aŋaayyuvigmun il,aliutiŋaruq he has become a member of the church / allaugaluaŋŋaan il,aliutigiga atikłuliamnun although it is (a) different (print, fabric) I added the material to the snowshirt I am making | -lI-1 nv :uti-2 vv

il,alliñ (Ti) flag | ’n vn rel. takuyaq

>il,aluktaġiliuti- / il,aluktaġiliutikkaŋa iñuum avraq § rel. avraqtuq-

il,ałhuyuk- (i) to act silly, funny by overacting | -łhuyuk(-) rv

il,amat- (i) to try to give an impression other than the truth; to try to mislead a person;

to act | +mat- rv

il,amaaŋ (direct address) my friend(s), relative(s), loved one(s) / il,amaaŋ, qanutun

qigl,ukkaluaqtugut il,ail,gitchugut my friends, as much as we regret losing one of

our own we have lost another relative | +maaq(-) nn -ŋ nn

il,amaaqtuq- to call (her/him) one’s dear relative, friend or loved one / il,amaaqtuqłuta uqaqtuq iglaaq the stranger talked, calling us his “relatives” | +maaq(-) nn -q- nv +tuq2 vv

il,amaatqIk- to be friendly, kind / il,amaatqiksuq iñupayaamun he is friendly to everyone | +maaq-(-) nn -tqIk-4 vv

il,ammaaġIk- or il,ammiġIk- (i) to be especially friendly, kind | +mmaaġIk- nv or perhaps +mmIQ2 nn +[g]Ik- nv

*il,ammI- ??

il,ammiuq- (i) to get to know someone; (t) to get to know her/him | +mmI-6 vv :uq-2 vv

il,ammiutqIk- (i) to be friendly, kind while becoming acquainted | +mmI-6 vv :uq-2 vv -tqIk-4 vv

il,annak- (i) to succeed in getting someone to be part of one’s group; to find out that someone is your relative | -nnak- nv

il,annaq a good friend, buddy / il,annapiaŋa taikka aapakpich that one there is your father’s best friend | +nnaq vn § rel. il,auraaq

il,aŋIq- (i) to lose a loved one through death; (t) to take away, remove a part or member of it=including family / il,aŋiqsuat amma takullaŋniaġitka I am going over to see the family who lost a loved one / taġium aasi il,aŋiġaatigut the ocean has taken another of our loved ones | +ŋIq- nv

il,aŋŋaq- (i) to be decreased; (t) to reduce, decrease it / kavamapta akiññaktaaksrautiga il,aŋŋapalulgiññiġaat our government sure took a lot out of my paycheck again | (ŋŋaq-2 nv

>il,appaguti- (i) to become sure of oneself among strangers; to become well acquainted and feel at ease with people; (t) to become sure of oneself around her/him; to become well acquainted and feel at ease with her/him / taagani il,appagutillakłuni aitqiŋaitchuaq he never returned home having found “a home” down there | +ppaguti- vv

il,aqan spouse | (qan nn § rel. tuvaaqan, aŋunnuniQ, aġnauniQ

il,aqapqaŋa- (i) to enjoy visiting friends or relatives, usually after a separation / il,aqapqaŋavaił,ł,uŋa ail,l,aiqsuŋa I am enjoying the visit with my relatives so much that I find it hard to leave to return home | -qaq-1 nv -pqaŋa- vv

il,aqisuuraq small part | -qisuuraq nn

>il,araġaġniQ addition in mathematics / il,araġaġniġmik il,isaġniaqtugut uvlupak today we are going to study mathematics | -raġaq-1 vv +niQ1 vn

il,aiġaġniQ subtraction in mathematics | :Iq-2nv +aq-1vv +niQ1 vn

il,arI your relative(s) / taikka il,ari, aapavsi aŋaalua he, over there, is one of your relatives, your father’s uncle | +rI (poss abs 2p-s)

il,au- (i) to be included, be a member; to have many relatives (Ti) to receive shares of a whale; (t) to include her/him; (Ti) to give her/him shares of whale | :u-2 nv

il,auq- (i) to include events that did not happen as she or he tells her or his version of what happened; to do things to aggravate the situation; to add ingredients to what one is making; (Ti) to grimace, make a funny face; to show an attitude, of a person; (t) to keep adding things to it one after another; (Ti) to grimace, make a funny face at her/him/it | -uq-2 nv

il,auqpallaaq- (Ti) (t) to not treat a sick person right, not care for her/him right; to add too many things to it | -uq-2 vv +pallaaq- vv

il,auraaq a dear friend, relative | +uraaq2 nn § rel. avilaitqan, il,annaq

il,aviñiq a piece, part, portion / alġaaniqsaŋaruŋauvva satkum il,aviñiŋanik I have found a fossil, a piece of some old tool | -viñiQ nn

il,l,arruq- (t) to make it=a condition worse | ‘-rruq- vv

il,l,ati- (i) to join, become a member; (t) to include her/him/it | ‘ti-2 vv

il,l,atit- (i) to do more than necessary | ‘-tit- vv

il,l,iqsuq- (i) to choose a partner in a game; to recruit supporters for oneself; (t) to take sides, support her/his views, opinions | ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

il,aġġI- (i) to persist in doing when told not to / il,aġġivl,uni suaqusaalgitchuq nukatpiaġruuraq the young boy is persistently trying to get scolded | +ġġI- rv

il,aġġisigi- (t) to tease her/him/it; to persist in doing something to her/him/it even though she/he is displeased; to keep pestering, disturbing her/him/it | +ġġi- rv ‘-ti1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

il,aiññaq unnii (excl) regardless of the outcome!

*il,ak (root) distraction, confusion, disorderliness, not aligned ?

il,aiqsaq- (i) to have an eerie, “creepy” feeling / taaqtuami pisuaqłuni il,aiqsaqtuq walking in the dark he felt a creepy feeling | :Iqsaq- rv

>il,aksia- (t) to bother her/him/it / >il,aksianialgitkai tamaani tutquġlugit pikki they’ll bother the stuff out here, why don’t you put them away | +sia- rv,nv

>il,aksiq- to be bothered? | +sIq-4 vv § rel. nuyugaq, niyugaq ?

il,aksiuq- (Nu) (t) to disturb, distract, confuse her/him / il,aksiuġaaŋa he is disturbing me | perhaps +siuq- rv § rel. alapisaaq-

il,atchIq- or il,atchiaq- (i) to not fight back, not defend oneself; to do nothing, leave things as they are; to lack initiative; (t) to not do anything about her/him/it; to not help her/him; to let it be; leave her/him/it alone / aaquaġnivl,uni il,atchiqsuq she doesn’t do anything anymore because she thinks she is old | +[t]sIq- vv

il,atchiŋa- or (Ti) ilatchiu- (i) to be permissive; to be lazy, not work as one should, put work off, be neglectful / il,atchiŋavaił,ł,uni qitunġaŋi naglignaqsirut she is so neglectful her children look pitiful | +[t]sIq- vv (ŋa- vv

il,aiññaq (adv) to no avail; regardless of outcome or its lack of success, in vain / il,aiññaq aullaġniaqtuguk our leaving will serve no purpose; il,aiññaq unnii ullakkaluaġlakpuk let’sd go see him anyway

il,aŋaniñ (adv) plenty, in abundance | perhaps (niñ (abl)

il,ari jellyfish § syn nuvayulġiq

il,arri (SIK) lead dog

il,asI- (i) to want to keep doing something one likes to do | +sI- vv

>il,guq- (t) to get frostbitten on the face / iqsraŋauvva il,guġaa argaŋnik auktuuġuŋ her cheek is becoming frostbitten, warm it with your hand § see il,uguq-, qiqitit-

il,guġniQ frostbite on cheek / il,guġnini nuvagmiñik nanukkaa she rubbed her frostbitten cheek with her mucus | +niQ1 vn

>il,ġiŋa- or il,ġiŋaaq- (Nu) (i) to be twisted, not straight, esp. of person with twisted back | (ŋa-1 vv Is it twisted or bend???

il,I-1 (i) to be at a certain point along a journey; to become apparent; (t) to place, set it; to put it in a store for sale @ il,isI- or il,irI- / Nuiqsanun il,ikapta Qaaktuġviksaqłuta qimmivut pil,aipaluktut when we reached Nuiqsat on our way to Qaaktuġvik (Barter Island), our dogs were exhausted; Kivaliñiġmun il,iruq he got as far as Kivalina on his journey || +sI3, +rI7

>il,iqpik (ikiqpik?) storage alcove | +qpIk vn

il,l,ivIk place to put things; storage area; chest of drawers | ‘+vIk1 vn

il,l,iviurat shelves; little storage areas, compartments | ‘+vIk1 vn :uraq1 nn +t (pl mkr)

il,It- (i) to learn; (t) to learn of her/his ways, habits; to learn it @ il,itchI- | +t1 vv || +sI-3 vv

il,isaaksraq a lesson | +saq-3 vv (aq4 vn +ksraq1 nn

il,isaġi- (t) to recognize her/him/it @ il,isaqsrI- / tautukaŋaitpaił,ł,ugu il,isaġiŋitchaġa I hadn’t seen her in such a long time I didn’t recognize her | +saq6 vn +[g]i-1 nv

il,isaġnaIq- (Ti) (i) to play a game of trying to recognize a disguised person | +saq-2 vv +naiq- vv

il,isakunat- (t) to think that one recognizes her/him/it, having seen her/him/it somewhere before / il,isakunatkaluaġaa allaunasugimmivl,ugulu he thinks he knows the person but thinks it might be someone else | +saq-4 vn +kunat- nv

il,isaq- to study or practice (it) / taimuŋaagaksrani il,isaġai she is trying to memorize her lines | +saq-3 vv

il,isaq or il,itchaq something learned / il,itchan atuġuŋ sing the one you’ve

learned | +saq6 vn or -tchaq2 nn

il,isaqtuaq student | +saq-3 vv +tuaq2 vn (part 3s)

il,isaunnaq an apparatus used in learning how to do a particular thing | +saq-3 vn :unnaq vn

il,isaurrI(-) teacher (i) to teach / il,isaurrikun qanniqsuq maqpiġaanik she ordered some books through the teacher @ il,isauti | +saq-3 vv :uti-2 vv +rI1

il,isausiaq a particular lesson learned from another / il,isausiaġa ilaaniñ piigulaitkiga I never forget the particular lesson I learned from her | +saq-3 vn :usiaq vn

il,isauti- (t) to teach her/him/it @ il,isaurrI- / il,il,gaat il,isautigai sayuġniġmik she is teaching children how to motion dance | +saq-3 vv :uti-2 vv || ~rI-6 vv

il,isima- to know (her/him/it) / nunamik samma taamna il,isimaqpaktuq that one knows a lot about the land | +sima-2 vv

il,isimarI a witness / kuttaqtuat il,isimariqaġmagaisa il,isimasuktut they want to know if there are any witnesses to the accident | +sima-2 vv +t/rI3 vn

il,itagraq (Ti) a lesson to be learned

il,itchitchiġIIt- (i) to be a slow learner | +t-1 vv +sI-2 vv +[t]siġiaq- vv =It- vv

il,itchitquraq learner, disciple | +t-1 vv +sI-3 vv -[t]qu- vv +raq1 vn

il,itchuġi- to become aware, cognizant of (her/him/it); (t) to become acquainted with her/him / il,itchuġikamiŋ aññaġiik avillaiqsuk when the cousins got to know each other they became inseparable | +t-1 vv +tuq5 vn +[g]i-1 nv § syn kisuIq- rel. sukuiġi-

* il,itchuq a fact, item of knowledge ?

il,itchuqqun cause of recognition; sign / tavra iññuqłuum qiluġuŋa il,itchuqqutigivlugu aġnaq qimaktuq recognizing the evil man by his scar, the woman fled | +t-1 vv +tuq5 vn +[g]i-1 nv ‘ti1 vn

il,I-2 (i) to become, to come to resemble, look like; (t) to make her/him/it become, look like something (this verb stem is used with a noun in the similaris case)/ utuqqalikami aakamisun il,iruq now that she’s elderly she looks like her mother / piyukpaił,ł,ugu suuŋil,atun il,igaa she tampered with it so much she made it look like nothing § rel. it-

>il,immaq- (i) to metamorphose, to undergo metamorphosis, to transform oneself (of shaman); to make a voyage through the air or ocean (of shaman) [Rainey 1947, p248 `type in information] / il,immaqłuni taimma aŋatkuq tiŋiruq the shaman then turned into a bird and flew away

*il,i (root)

il,iaġruk or il,iappak, il,iappałuk, il,iappałuuraq poor person, orphan / il,iaġruŋnik nagliksrauturuq she is compassionate toward orphans | -aġru n or -ppak2 vn

il,iaġrunŋu- (i) to yearn to see a dear relative or friend / auŋa miŋuaqtuġiaqama il,iaġrunŋulipaluktuŋa when I went away to school, I really longed to see my relatives | -aġruk rn -nŋu- nv

*il,iġa (Kobuk) (root)

il,iġasugvigi- (Kobuk) (t) to be grateful to her/him/it | +suk-3 vv +vIk1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

il,iġasuk- (Kobuk) (i) to be very happy; to be very grateful / il,iġasupaluktut iñuich aġvaktuanik tusaakamiŋ the people were ecstatic when they heard that a whale had been caught | +suk-3 rv

il,iġasuun (Kobuk) cause for gratitude | +suk-3 rv :un1 vn

il,iġatchak- (Kobuk) (i) to become grateful | -tchak- rv

il,iġraq- (Ti) (i) to move around, tremble § see il,iqsraq-

*il,iq (root) portion

il,iġniQ or il,iġniku(-) leftover material, remnant; to have leftover scraps of material, remnants (of it); to have leftover scraps of material, remnants (for her/him/it) / il,iġnikutka katiłługich atikłunillaktuŋa by gathering my remnants, I made a snowshirt / il,iġnikuraġa kalikuutiga atikłuliuqama when I made a parka cover I had a piece left over from my material | +niQ1 rn +ku-(-) nn

il,iġnaaluk (Nu) cast-off bit of caribou skin | +niQ1 rn +aluk nn

il,iktiq- to cut material, skin which is to be sewn according to a pattern / kamiksrautikkiñ il,iktiġaik she is cutting out a pair of boots for you | -ktiq- rv

il,iktiġun a pattern, as in sewing / il,iktiġutiliuqtuq maqpiġaamiñ she is making a pattern out of paper | -ktiq- rv :uti1 vn § see (Ti) iliktiun

il,iqsraq or (Ti) il,iġraq strip of split sinew to be used to make thread / il,iqsramik pil,ġaqtuuraġiñ ivaluksramik quickly braid some split sinew for thread | =sraq3 rn

il,iqsrI- or (Ti) il,iġrI- to split sinew to make thread / il,iqsrianipqauraqami kammiñagutiruq as soon as she finished splitting the sinew for thread she started on the boots | =sraq3 rn ‘=I-1 nv

il,il,gaaq child (Ti) jack, at cards § syn miqłiqtuq

il,il,gaaġIIt family (emphasis on children) | +[g]IIk nn -t (pl mkr) § rel. qitunġaġiich, aŋayuqaaġiit

il,il,gaaġruutit baby teeth | -ġruk nn -uti3 nn -t (pl mkr) § rel. kigutiqqaat

il,il,garriqi- (i) to take care of, watch children / il,il,garriqiruq aŋayuqaaŋIt aŋuniaġiaġmata she is taking care of the children while their parents are out hunting | =rrIqi- nv

il,il,gauraġiik (Nu) a mother and a recently born child | =uraq nn +[g]IIk nn

il,il,gauraq baby | =uraq nn

*il,ima- (root) suspicion, apprehension

il,imanaq- (i) to be suspect, to arouse suspicion / il,imanaġnigaat samma taavamna they say that that person is to be suspected | +naq-1 rv

il,imasuk- (i) to be apprehensive, suspicious / il,imasukłuni naipiqtuqtitkaa because she was suspicious of him, she had him watched | +suk-3 rv

il,imatchak- (i) to become apprehensive, suspicious | -tchak- rv § rel. tupinŋatchak- under *tupit2

il,imagi- (t) to suspect her/him | +[g]i-1 rv

il,imatchaI- (t) to make her/him become apprehensive, suspicious | -tchak- rv -I-9 vv

il,iqsraq- (i) to squirm, wiggle, move around; to quake (of land) / naŋitpaił,ł,uni il,iqsraqtuq she is so sick she is squirming (writhing) / nuna il,iqsraqtuq there is an earthquake | +qsraq-1 rv § syn aula-

*il,isI (root) spirit, energy ?

>il,isiil,ak sorcerer, one who casts spells (considered stronger than a shaman) / il,isiil,ak una suaŋałhaaqtuq aŋatkumiñ the sorcerer is stronger than a shaman | +il,ak rn

il,isiiyaq- (t) to cut a hole in her/his clothing to cause her/his death (of shaman) [the intended victim must discover and repair hole before putting on garment to avoid death] / aŋatkum il,isiiyaqługu aŋun atigaagun tuqutkaa the shaman cut a hole in the man’s parka and caused him to die | :Iyaq- nv

il,isIñ or il,isIña ?

il,itqun spirit, essence (of a being) | perhaps +t-3 nv -qun vn

Il,itqusiġiksuaq Holy Spirit, Holy Ghost | +t-3 nv -qun2 vn :Iq3 nn +[g]Ik- nv +t/ruaq (part 3s)

il,itqusIq spirit, soul; person’s being / ilitqutchiñik tamarra qaŋapak aŋatkuvut il,isimaŋarut our shamans have known about spirits for a long, long time | +t-3 nv -qun2 vn :Iq3 nn

il,itqusiqł,uk evil spirit, demon | +t-3 nv -qun2 vn :Iq3 nn +qłuk nn

>il,ivliq grandchild § see il,l,uq, il,ullik, il,ulik, tutik, tutaaluk, tutitchiaq, tutiġaaq, iñġutaq

il,l,aatqusIq porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) § syn il,uqutaq, qiŋaġluk

il,l,ak- (i) to become tangled up, mixed up; (t) to tangle it up / qupaksrat il,l,aktinmata paniga qimmaksaliyaiñŋuġman iluaqsruipkaġuugiga when the decorative parka trims get tangled up I let my daughter, who has more patience than I do, do the untangling

il,l,agauraq (siku) ice which has begun to melt and although solid is spongy and dangerous

il,l,agniQ a tangle, snarl / il,l,aŋniq sappił,ł,ugu kipiraŋa when she couldn’t fix the snarl she cut it off | +niQ1 vn

il,l,aiqsuq- (i) to comb one’s hair; (t) to comb her/his/its hair / il,l,aiqsuqamiuŋ paniñi alapisaaġuugaa il,amiñik taiguivł,uni when she combs her daughter’s hair she keeps her mind occupied by saying all their relatives’ names | :Iq-2 vv +tuq-2 vv

il,l,aigutit comb / tuugaanik il,aigutialugnik alġaaniqsaqtuaŋa I found an old fossilized ivory comb | :Iq-2 vv :un1 vn +t (pl mkr)

il,l,atit- (i) to become apathetic and let things go | -tit-2 vv

>il,l,aqtuun pole with hook to set a net under ice; ?handle of net hook? | +tuq-2 nv :uti1 vn

il,l,uq or il,l,ualuk cross-cousin, joking partner / il,l,uġiik ikkuak avitchuil,aak those two cross-cousins are inseparable / imma il,l,ualunil,u pisuaqłutiŋ aŋuniaġiaŋaruk he and his cross-cousin have gone hunting on foot | +aluk nn § rel. il,aaluq, aññaq CHECK ON THE WORD FOR GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENT AND GREAT-GREAT-GRANDCHILD. IS THE WORD iøøuq or SOMETHING ELSE

il,l,uġi- (t) to joke with, to tease, be a partner to her/him | +[g]i-1 nv

il,l,uġruq- (Ti) (i) to joke | +qsruq-2 vv

il,u(-)1 frost in house; (t) to form frost on it

il,u(-)2 interior, inside; abdominal cavity; (t) to be surrounded by them

il,uaq-1 (i) to go right in, right through a hole, e.g. a basketball through the hoop; (t) to throw and cause an object to go into or through it (basketball hoop or any container); to go right into or through it (hole) / ayuktaq il,uaġaa he made a basket (in basketball) | -aq-8 nv

il,uaq-2 (i) to have diarrhea | perhaps -aq-3 nv § also anaqtaq-

il,ugiit- to have pain, discomfort in one’s belly, e.g. stomach ache

il,uġrI- to become conclave | +ġrI- nv

il,uliaq inlet, cove, small bay | -lI-1 nv (aq4 vn

il,uligauraq bowl | -lik1 nn -gaq2 nn :uraq1 nn

il,ulik container; something with an inner part; great grandchild | -lik1 nn § rel. >iñġutaq, tutik

il,uliñiq muscle above knee on inside of thigh | +liñiQ vn

il,ullIQ inner one, innermost one | +llIQ nn

*il,umiuq something inside ??

il,umiutaq(-) fetus; something dear; (t) to keep it (one’s opinion, feeling) inside one, leave it unsaid / taamna iñuk il,umiutaġigiga that person is dear to me | +mI (loc) -utaq(-)1 vn

il,ummil,ik, dual il,ummil,l,ak, pl il,ummil,gIch a bead with a bluish inner stripe | +mmIQ2 nn -lik1 nn

il,ummIQ fetus (of human, caribou, etc); one inside another | +mmIQ2 nn § syn ivl,auq

il,umnun (emotionally) dear to me / il,umnun ittuq taamna that one is a favorite of mine | +mnun (poss term)

il,umun truly, really, truthfully / il,umun uqaġmagaan kaŋiqsiuġiaqtuaq he went out to get information in order to find out if he was telling the truth | +mun (term)

il,unŋugi- (t) to feel sorry for, to “hurt inside” for, to feel compassion for her/him / il,unŋugisuugaa uqaqsiġiil,ani, iġñini she always hurts inside because of her disobedient son | +nŋu-1nv +[g]i-3 vv

il,unŋu- (i) to feel compassion | +nŋu-1nv

il,unŋuq- (i) to have the wind knocked out of one; (t) to knock the wind out of her/him/it / ikusil,l,agruaqługu il,unŋuġaa he elbowed him and knocked the wind out of him | +nŋuq- nv

il,unŋutchaI- (t) to move her/him emotionally / il,unŋutchaigaa aġnaiyaam qiavaił,ł,uni the little girl gave him a deep down feeling of sympathy by crying so pitifully | +nŋu-1 nv -tchak- vv -I-9 vv

il,unŋutchak- (i) to be deeply moved emotionally; (t) to move her/him emotionally / il,unŋutchaktuq naalaġnivl,ugu uqaqtuaq he was moved emotionally while listening to the speaker | +nŋu-1 nv -tchak- vv § rel. anuaqsruIt-, tupquraanŋulIq-

il,uŋa- (i) to have a hollow part, depression, hole | (ŋa- vv

il,uŋIq- (Nu) (t) to get between her/him/it and something else; to best her/him in target-shooting, coming closer to bull’s-eye | +ŋIq- nv

il,uŋiqsruq- (i) to desire deeply and sincerely; (Kobuk) to be in a hurry | (ŋIq- nv -+qsruq-2 vv § rel. qilamiqsruq-, iġñiqsruq-

il,upaaq lining, insulation, inner fur clothing, inner part of anything; inner parka / quppiġaaġma il,upaaŋa saatpaił,ł,uni qiiyanaqtuq the lining of my coat is so thin it’s not warm | +paaq nn

il,upaaġiik(-) two things which are one inside the other; two whales which surface side-by-side; (i) to be one inside the other; (t) to have them one inside the other | +paaq nn +[g]IIk nn

il,uparriqi- to wash underwear ?? | =rriqi nv

il,upiġuq- (i) to put on long underwear, long-johns, a union suit; (t) to put long underwear on her/him | -piġuq(-) nn, nv

il,upiqquk or il,upiġuk pair of long-johns, a union suit | il,upiġuil,aaġnaitchuq innasimi irrimi one should not go without long-johns in biting cold weather like this | -piġuq(-) nn ‘-k or +k (dual mkr)

il,upquaq (Ti) undershirt | +pquaq nn

il,uqsraq or il,uġraq depression on ground, ditch, furrow, dent | +qsraq2 vn

il,uqsri- or il,uġrI- (Ti) (i) to develop a depression, concave place; (t) to make a depression in it | +qsrI- or +ġrI- nv

il,uqsriraġauraq- or il,uġriraġauraq- (i) to play running back and forth across pliable thin ice and make depressions without going through the ice | +qsrI- nv -raġaq-1 vv :uraq-2 nn

il,utuniQ (Ti) dimple | +tu- nv +niQ vn [perhaps +t-2

il,uviQ(-) grave; buried corpse; (t) to bury her/him/it @ il,uviqsI- / il,uvġIt tutitchail,iuraġnaqtut one should be careful not to step on graves / qaŋasaaq il,uviqsikamiŋ satkuŋil,l,u taputisuuniġait long ago when they buried someone they used to also bury the person’s hunting outfit and equipment with him | +viQ(-)1 nn, nv || +sI-3 vv

il,uviqtaq something buried in a grave | +viQ(-)1 nn, nv -+t/raq4 vn

il,uvvivIk cemetery, graveyard | +viQ(-)1 nv +vIk1 vn

il,uguq- or il,uguqtuq- (t) to have frostbite on her/his bodypart / il,uguġaa qiŋaŋagun he has a frostbite on his nose § see il,guq-

il,uguġniq a frostbite | +niQ1 vn

>il,ukiññak-

>il,uŋiqsruq- (i) to hurry § rel. iġñiqsruq-, qilamiqsruq-

il,uqutaq (Ti) porcupine § syn il,l,aaqutchiq, qiŋaġluk

Il,utak (Ti) area toward the bend in the point southwest of Point Hope, Alaska

il,utanmun (Ti) to the southwest | -nmun (term)

iłhuaġniq boreal smelt (Osmerus dentex) / Ulġuniŋaruq niksiksuġiaqłuni iłhuaġniñik she has gone to Wainwright to fish for smelts through the ice | +niQ4 n

iłuaq- or iluaq- (i) to be correct, proper, right § see iluaq-

iłuit- or iluit- (i) to not be correct, not proper, not right § see iluit- under iluaq-

iłuil,l,iqpiiññaq- keeps getting out of order | +piiññaq(-) nn, vv § see iluit- under iluaq-

iłuuqiñiQ blackfish (???Coastrange sculpin, Alaska blackfish???) | +niQ4 n

*Im (dem root) in the aformentioned past § see imani, imma, immaami, imma il,aanni, immaasu, immakiaq, immakii, immaliqaa, immamiimña, imma qanuq, imñasaaq, imuŋa, imuŋaaq(-)

imña, dual ipkuak, pl ipkua (abs dem pron) that one in the past, the aforementioned one | +na (sing abs dem pron)

imanI (loc dem adv) located in the past | +anI (loc dem)

imanIit- (i) to be located in the past | +anI (loc dem) it- “to be”

imaŋŋa (abl dem adv) from the past | +aŋŋa (abl dem)

imaŋŋamiñ (abl dem adv) from the past, the aforementioned past | +aŋŋa (abl dem) (miñ (abl)

imaŋŋaq- (i) to come from the past | +aŋŋa (abl dem) +q-3

imma (dem adv) used when referring to the aforementioned one | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

imuŋa (term dem adv) to the past | +uŋa (term dem)

imuŋanmun toward the past | +uŋa (term dem) >nmun (term)

imuŋaq- (i) to go to the past | +uŋa (term dem) +q-3

imuuna (via dem adv) via, through the past | uuna (via dem)

imuunaaq- via, through the past | +uuna (via dem) +aq- dv

iptuma or ivsruma or ivruma, dual ipkuak, pl ipkua (rel dem pron) that one in the past, the aforementioned past | +tuma (sing rel dem pron)

iptumanI or ivsrumanI or ivrumanI, dual ipkugnagni, pl ipkunani (loc rel dem pron) located with that one in the past, the aforementioned past | +tuma (sing rel dem pron) +anI (loc dem)

iptumaŋŋa or ivsrumaŋŋa or ivrumaŋŋa, dual ipkugnaŋŋa, pl ipkunaŋŋa from that one in the past, the aforementioned past | +tuma (sing rel dem pron) +aŋŋa (abl dem)

iptumatun or ivsrumatun or ivrumatun, dual ipkugnaktun, pl ipkunatitun like that one in the past, the aforementioned past | +tuma (sing rel dem pron) +atun (sim dem)

iptumiŋa or ivsrumiŋa or ivrumiŋa, dual ipkugniŋa, pl ipkuniŋa that one in the past, the aforementioned past | +tuma (sing rel dem pron) +iŋa (mod dem)

iptumuŋa or ivsrumuŋa or ivrumuŋa, dual ipkugnuŋa, pl ipkunuŋa to that one in the past, the aforementioned past | +tuma (sing rel dem pron) +uŋa (term dem)

iptumuuna or ivsrumuuna or ivrumuuna, dual ipkugnuuna, pl ipkunuuna via, through that one in the past, the aforementioned past | +tuma (sing rel dem pron) +uuna (via dem)

imagraq (Ti) sourdough batter; pipe tobacco | -ksraq1 nn § also imaksraq

imaiku(-) emptied container; (i) to leave an empty container; (t) to leave an empty container for her/him / imaikumiñik puuksritchaŋani she gave me her emptied container to use / utkusigmik ikka imaikuruq, atuġuŋ she has left a pot empty, use it / puuksramnik imaikuvaŋa did she leave an empty container for me to use | :Iq-2 nv +ku(-) vn

imaIq- (i) to become empty; (t) to empty it, remove its contents | :Iq- nv

imaniQ clam / imanġit misiġaamun kiñitkai she immersed the clams in the seal oil | +niQ4 n § rel. ipiksaunnaq

imaŋIq- (i) to be silent; to become quiet after talking, arguing, to clam up / kiisaimmaa

qanaaġnialagaluaqami imaŋiqpuq he persisted in trying to argue but finally he

became quiet | +ŋIq- nv

imaukkaq-, immaukkaq (i) to have sufficient amount, e.g. of contents (Ti) to be full /

il,isimagiga taamna kigiunniq imaukkaqtuaq I know that box has a lot of things

in it | :ukkaq- nv

immII- (t) to pack it | ‘=I-11 nv

immIq- (t) to fill it | ‘=Iq-1 nv

immiqsuq- (t) to put things in it until full | ‘=Iq-1 +tuq-2 vv

immivaałłak- (i) to overflow; (t) to make it overflow | +vaałłak- vv

imanI (excl) at last, finally, about time / >imani qairuq, utaqqiñŋuliġmiraqput finally she came, we were anxiously waiting for her | +im (dem stem) +anI (dem loc) § see *Im

imaq(-) water, not for drinking; lake; sea, ocean; lagoon; (t) to moisten it=animal hide to ready it for scraping @ imaqsI- || +sI3 § rel. taġiuq

imaaq- (i) to fall in water / imaaġaluamii puuvrallasil,l,aktuq he has ended up knowing how to swim because of his constantly falling in the water | -aq-8 vv

imaġauraq puddle of water / imaġaurami ipiġaġuvit qulaakkuġniaqtutin itiruamukkuvit if you wade in the puddle the water will go above your boots when you get in the deep water | +[ġ]aq2 nn :uraq1 nn

imaġiak(-) liquid or fluid in body organs, joints, etc.; (i) to be wet (of meat at bullet hole); to be oozing (of a sore) / kil,l,iñi imaġiaktuaq salummaqtuġaa aunaaqtitaallaan he cleaned his sore, which was oozing, until it bled | +iak(-) nn, nv

imaġluk- (Ti) (i) to be rough, choppy (of body of water) | +luk-1 nv

imaġruk (Kotz) big lake | +ruk3 nn

imaġuaq- (i) to get water on oneself; (t) to get water on her/him/it | -ġuaq2 vv

imaġuq- to melt into water (of snow or ice); for an expanse of water to be formed, as from spring melting | +[ġ]uq-1 nv

imaiġñiQ dry lake; dry river bed | :Iq-2 nv +niQ1 vn

imail,aqtuun roaster | :Il,aq nn -q-5 nv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

imaIq- (i) to ebb (of tide); to have been emptied, or to dry up (of lake, river); (t) to remove water from it | :Iq-2 nv

imait- (i) to be empty / paliutimmiraani qattaq imaitchuq I am so thirsty and the water barrel is empty | :It-1 nv

imaitkutak waterproof sealskin socks worn inside waterproof skin boots | :It-1 nv +kutaq vn -k (dual mkr)

imaiyaun a towel | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

imakłI- to decrease (of water level or any liquid level); to ebb (of tide) | -kłI- nv § rel. imaIq-

imaksraq yeast; water to cook with | -ksraq(-)1 nn

imaqaaqtuq (Ti) damp, swampy area | perhaps -qaq- nv -aq-1 vv +tuq (indic 3s as part)

imaqpaluk- (i) to slosh around (of water or liquid) / niuqqaqpaił,ł,uŋa narraaġa imaqpalukasaktuq I’ve drunk so much liquid that my stomach makes sloshing sounds | +p/valuk-2 nv

imaqpaluktaq- (i) to make a sloshing noise (of water or any liquid) | +p/valuk-2 nv +t/raq-1 vv

imaqpiaq wide expanse of open water starting from the edge of landlocked shore ice | perhaps +piaq3 nn

imaqsiñ piece of caribou skin soaked in water and used to dampen a skin being tanned or to build up ice on sled runners | +sI- vv ‘n1 vn

imaqsuk pond | +suk2 nn

imaqtaq dampened skin for tanning | +t/raq4 vn

imaqtiq- (t) to sprinkle water on, dampen, wet it @ imaqtiġII- / imaqtiġaa qil,autini aġġiruani imiksisaqługu he dampened his drum during the Iñupiaq dance to make it more resonant | +tiq-1 nv

imau- (i) for it to be water | :u-3 nv

imauraq (Ti) water puddle; hole in ice where whales breathe | :uraq(-) nn, vv

immak(-) pus, infection (i) to accumulate liquid (e.g. pus on a wound); to get water in one’s boots; to take in water (of boat) / kil,l,iŋa immaktuq qaunagiŋitpaił,ł,ugu his sore developed pus because he did not take care of it | ‘-k-2 nv

immaktinniQ river water on top of ocean ice at mouth of river; puddle formed on ice or snow by melting water / immaktinniq naŋaġnil,ukkaluaqługu quayaqił,ł,uni imaaqtuq he tried to skirt the puddle formed on the ice but slipped and fell in | ‘-k-2 nv -tit-2 vv +nniQ vn

immaktit- for puddles to form all over from melting snow / Utqiaġvik immaktitchuuruq upinġaksratuaġman there are puddles all over Barrow every spring | ‘-k-2 nv -tit-2 vv

immiññauraq or (Ti) immiñauraq or immiñiq a person once lost on ice or tundra who becomes antisocial due to fear of interacting with other people; someone who has landed after drifting away on an icefloe; a prowler, “hiding person” (unknown person sometimes seen from afar, who is blamed for otherwise unexplainable circumstances); fugitive / aniiqsuaġnak taaġmi immiññaurat piñiaġaatin don’t play out in the dark, the “boogey-men” will get you | ‘=It-3 nv +naq2 vn :uraq1 nn § rel. iñuqun, aulaaq, qimmaq

immIq- (t) to fill it; for a channel of water to open as in a field or floe of ice | ‘=Iq-1 nv

immisaq something soaked in water | ‘=It-3 nv +aq4 vn

immiqsuqataq- (t) to apply water to it; to water it well periodically before it dries | ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv +ataq-3 vv

immIt- (i) to come upon water, e.g. of a traveler; (t) for water to soak it | ‘=It-3 nv

>immivl,ik watery substance | ‘=It-3 -vlik vn § rel. muġałłik

imigluktit- (Ti) (i) to be full (of moon) | perhaps (tit-1 vv

>imik- (i) to cave in, become twisted (of a dwelling) § syn umik-

imik- (i) to resound, reverberate well; be stereophonic; to have a good sound, resound (of drum); to have a rich, hollow sound (of a drum)

imiak- (i) to transmit sound well, be resonant, as of an empty barrel, hollow spaces, etc. | -ak-1 vv

imiakpatit- (i) to transmit sound | +patit- vv

imigluk- (i) to make a distant roaring thundering (e.g. airplane, caribou herd) noise; to ring (of ears) / tuttut imigluktut iñugiakpaił,ł,utiŋ the caribou herd is thundering because of its vast number | +luk-2 vv

imigluktaaq(-) toy noise-maker of bone or wood and braided sinew; bull-roarer; to make a roaring sound of noise-maker / tutaaluni imigluktaamik piuraaliuġaa he made his grandchild a toy noise-maker | +luk2 vv +taaq2 vn

imigluktaun toy noise-maker; “wolf-scare” / suqqamiñ imigluktautiliuqtuq he made a wolf-scare from baleen | +luk-2 vv +t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn

imiksI- to make it better sounding (of a drum) / imaqtianigmauŋ qil,autiŋa imiksiruq after he dampened his drum it sounded better | +sI-1 vv

imiŋniq mound of earth or ice that makes an echoing sound when stamped on | +niQ2 vn

iminna or imanna or inna like this

iminnaatun or imannaatun or innatun (excl) this much / iminnaatun iluqaisa atisil,ugich aitchullaayumagitin give each one of them an equal amount of this amount | +tun (sim)

iminnainniġman whereas § rel. innainniġman

iminnasIq or iminnaasIq or innasIq something just like this one | +sIq3 n

imiQ(-) drinking water; an alcoholic drink; to drink (it) / imiq taamna imiġiitchuq that water is not fit to drink § rel. niuqqaq(-)

imġIq- (i) to no longer have water

imġiqsI- (i) to break (of a pregnant woman’s water before she gives birth) / siŋaiyauruaq iglaullaġmiŋ imġiqsiruq the pregnant woman’s water broke while they were still traveling | :Iq-2 nv +sI-1 vv

imġugauraq a small amount of water supply; water cup | :un2 vn +gaq4 nn :uraq1 nn

imġun a supply of water; drinking glass; water pitcher | :un2 vn

imġusiaġruk wooden barrel; a keg / imġusiaġruich samma misiġarrivigiksut wooden kegs are very good for rendering blubber for seal oil | :un2 vn :Iq3 nn +aġruk nn

imġusIq sheep horn dipper | :un2 vn :Iq3 nn

imiġaaq(-) soft drink, soda pop; (i) to drink a soda pop; (Nu) to drink a cold beverage, e.g. water or juice / uunniqigaluaqami kasimaruani imiġaaqtuq niglaumaaqtuamik he got so hot during the meeting, he had a cool soft drink | +aaq(-)1 nn, nv § rel. niuqqaq-

imiġaq broth / tuttum nutaam imiġaŋa aarigaa the broth from fresh caribou is so good | +[ġ]aq1 vn

imiġIk- (i) to have good water

imiġiksaaq fresh water / imiġiksaamik imiqtaqtuami I fetched some fresh water | +[g]Ik- nv +taaq2 vn

iminŋu- (i) to have a hangover / iminŋukami tataminnisuugaluaqtuq piiguyaruq when he has a hangover he swears he’ll quit, but he forgets easily | -nŋu-2 vv

imiŋa- (i) to be drunk, intoxicated | (ŋa- vv

imiŋaraq a drunk person / arraa, imiŋaramik tautukkapta qimaapaluktugut boy, did we ever run when we saw a drunk person | (ŋaraq vn

imiqaġvIk water container with cover; bag made of seal flippers in which drinking water was carried / imiqaġvik salummaqqaaġlugu sikuliqsuisaqtutin clean the water container first then fill it with ice | -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

imiqsI- (i) to take a sip / aġnaiyaaq imiqsiruq aakami niuqqaŋaniñ the girl took a sip from her mother’s hot drink | +sI-5 vv § rel. iguk-, uuk-

imiqtaq- to haul, obtain, buy water (for her/him) | +taq-5 nv

imiqtaqtuġiaq trail used to fetch fresh water | +taq-5 nv +tuq-2 vv +Iaq2 vn

imiqtaqtuun water pail; water truck | +taq-5 nv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

imiqtitchI- (Ti) (i) to perform ritual of emptying fresh water into sea (of whaler’s wife); giving fresh water to the animals before skinning | (tit-1 vv +sI-3 vv

immI- (i) to make water by melting ice or snow; (i) to make homebrew | ‘=I-1 nv

immiaq brewed beer | ‘=I-1 nv +aq4 vn

immIq- (t) to fill it @ immiqsI- / immiqsiruaguk tuyuutiksraptinnik aakatkunnun we filled a recording tape to send to mother and them | ‘=Iq-1 nv @ +sI-3 vv

immiqsuun a ladle | ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

immIt- to be saturated (t) to soak it too long; (i) to come upon water; to give her/him/it a drink | ‘=It-3 nv

immitchii- (t) to put something in water to soak | ‘=It-3 nv +[t]sIq- vv -I-7 vv

immiugauraq small dipper, utensil | ‘=Iq-1 nv :un1 vn +gaq4 nn :uraq1 nn

immiun (Ti) a ceremonial vessel used to give a drink of water to a killed animal; also used by whaler’s wife to ask for luck in hunting from tatqim iñua=the moon’s person (filled and emptied into ocean) | ‘=I-1 nv :un1 vn

immiuq- (i) to make water by melting ice or snow; to brew beer / iqaqsriyumauŋa immiuqsaqtutin make some water so I can wash clothes | ‘=Iuq- nv

imit- (t) to give her/him work to do especially something a person specializes in, e.g. carving, sewing a pair of boots @ imitchI- / kammiuquvluŋa aatauraġa imitkiga I gave my older sister the task of making a pair of boots for me | +sI-3 vv

imma (dem adv) in the aforementioned past § see *Im

immaami (excl) maybe that is the situation | imma (dem adv) +amI (encl) § see *Im

immaasu (Ti) said when trying to remember something past / immaasu kiñakiaġimña I can’t remember who it was § see *Im

imma il,aanni or il,aanniimma (excl) maybe it is so / imma il,aanni aiñiaqtuat aipkallaiġivuk maybe they are going to go home and we two are keeping them from starting | +at (3p-3s abs poss) (nI (loc) § see *Im

immakiaq (excl) I think...; I wonder... / immakiaq utaqqiñŋuliqł,uni airuaq I think she got tired of waiting and went home / immakiaq ipkuak sumukpak I wonder where those two went | +imma (dem adv) +kiaq (encl) § see *Im

immakii maybe § see *Im

immaqanuq (excl) maybe so | imma (dem adv) +qanuq “how” § see *Im

imnaaŋa- (Ti) (i) to be lopsided, tilted § rel. imnaq

imñasaaq long ago § rel. taimanisaaq § see *Im

immuk milk § see miluk

immulI- to milk an animal | -lI-1 nv

immulivIk domestic cow; dairy | -lI-1 nv +vIk1 vn

imnaq high, steep cliff; lower side section of parka / imnaq mayuġnil,uktuqługu akpakaqtuq he reached the top by persisting in trying to climb the cliff § see ipnaq

imnaaġuq cliff area which lies parallel to the coast, e.g. from Barrow to Wainwright, Alaska / imnaaġuq maliġivlugu Ulġuniġmun tikil,l,aktuq he eventually ended up in Wainwright following the cliffs between Barrow and Wainwright | -aq6 nn +ġuq2 nn

imnaġruit >canyon / imnaġruit kamasugnapaluktut tautuqqaaqaptigik the canyon was so awe-inspiring when we first saw it | -ġruk nn :It (pl mkr)

imnail,iqirI shepherd / aqqaluga imnail,iqirauŋŋuaqtuaq qiñiqtuaqtitchimmata my younger brother played a part of the shepherd when they presented the play | -liqi- nv +t/rI3 vn

imnaiq dall sheep, mountain sheep / Qaaktuġvigmiuniñ imnaiñik tuyuusiaqaġuuruŋa I usually receive a package of sheep meat from people at Barter Island § rel. aŋutisugruk, kulavak § see ipnaiq

imnaiyaaq lamb | -Iyaaq nn § syn ivutaq

imnalik woman’s dress parka with hanging sides [needs illustration] / imnaligmik atikłigaa paniñi she made her daughter a fancy dress parka | -lik1 nn

imnIt- (i) to reach a cliff; to be blocked in one’s ascent making it impossible to climb any higher (i.e. not because they’re tired); to be unable to climb higher (on it) / imnił,ł,utiŋ utiqtut tupiġmignun they couldn’t climb higher so they returned to their tent | ‘=It-3 nv

>*imniġa (root) voice

imniġaiq- (Nu) (i) to fall silent, not wishing to talk, e.g. being sad | :Iq-2 rv

imniġait- (Nu) (i) to be unable, unwilling to talk; to remain silent | :It-1 rv

imŋaluk- (i) to hum; to whimper, whine; to mumble | aaññaŋaa aġnaiyaaq imŋaluuraqłuni piuraaġuraaqtuaq how cute, the little girl is playing leisurely while humming quietly / atuun il,iññialarani imŋalukługu il,isaġaġigaa she kept repeatedly humming the tune she was trying to learn | -luk-3 vv

imu- (i) to become stooped with age; to crouch down; (t) to fold it; to roll it up; to wind it into a ball @ imurI-, imusI- / ataataga imuŋasil,l,aksimakami I see that my great-uncle has now become bent with age || +rI-6 vv, +sI-3 vv

immuqurraaq- (i) to wrap something around oneself; (t) to wrap something around her/him/it / il,il,gauraq uutiqtinman uligmik immuqurraaqtiqługu naŋirvigmuutigaa when the child got burned she wrapped a blanket around him and took him to the hospital | ‘-quti1 vn +raaq-1 nv

immurraaq- (t) to wrap, cover her/him/it with something | :ut2 vv +raaq3 nv

immurraq something that got caught or trapped in a cave-in | =uti-2 vv ~raq1 vn

immuquti- (t) to include it in the wrapping of something; (i) to be included in the wrapping of something | ‘qun vn ’ti-2 vv

immuvIk spool, fishing reel | ‘ti-2 vv +vIk1 vn

immurvIk folding sewing kit, household bag

imulak- (i) to sit with one’s knees pulled up to one’s chest / kaŋiġallugmukłuni imulaktuq going to the corner, she sat down and pulled her knees to her chest | +lak1- vv

imuliq- (i) to faint, collapse suddenly; to fall to the ground, collapse, as when one faints, / pisuaġuraaqtuagguuq uvva imuliqtuq they say he was just walking along when he suddenly collapsed | -liq-2 vv

imullak- (i) to be bent with age | -llak-1 vv

imuŋaaq- (i) to have a bent back (as a physical deformity); be stooped

imurauraq ready-rolled cigarette | -+t/raq4 vn :uraq1 nn

imurI-1 to roll (her/him) a cigarette | imuriruq sigaaksramiñik he rolled a cigarette for himself | +rI-6 vv

imurI-1 (t) for it to roll up on him/her even though he/she did not want it to | ??

imu person who is it in a game of hide-and-seek

imuŋaaq(-) (Ti) a debt; to buy (it) on credit § see *Im § rel. akiġruun, akiil,aq(-)

ina- (i) to stop to play while migrating (of whales); for people to stay somewhere and enjoy themselves / aġviġnik inaruanik tautuqqaaqama kamasupaluŋaruŋa when I first saw whales stop to play while migrating I was awed § rel. ini

inat- (t) to purposely distract her/him/it to keep her/him/it from doing something else / aakaŋa anisaġman nukatpiaġruk inatkaa atchaŋata the boy’s aunt distracted him when his mother started to go out (so he would not cry) | +t-1 vv

ini room, place; by extension one’s presence / nukatpialukput asuamna inituruq our youngest sibling sure leaves a big empty space when he’s not around

inaŋIq- (t) to take her/his/its place @ inaŋiqsI- / sivunmuuliqtuqhuni inaŋiġaa aġnaq aullaqsaqtuaq tiŋŋutikun he stubbornly insisted on going and took the woman’s place in the plane | +ŋIq- nv || +sI-3 vv

inaŋiun pronoun | +ŋIq- nv :un1 vn

inau- (Nu) (i) to camp, stay, abide for a while | -u-5 nv

inauvIk (Nu) camp, village | -u-5 nv +vIk1 vn § rel. init, nunaaqqIq, iniġruat

iniġruit (Nu) ruins of old camp, village, house ruins | +ġruk nn :It (pl mkr)

inillai- (i) to build on an empty spot | +llak-1 nv -I-10 vv

inillaisuk- (i) to make a motion, move (in parliamentary procedure) | +llak-3 nv -I-10 vv +[s]uk-1 vv § rel. tappIq-, inillak-

inillak- or (Ti) inillalak- (i) to find a place to stay, to settle in a place; to situate oneself; to become full-grown; to become full (of moon); to be carried (of motion in parliamentary procedure); (Ti) to be completed, done; for food to be done, cooked; (t) to find a place for her/him/it to stay, to situate, place her/him/it; to appoint her/him; (Ti) to prepare things for whaling; to complete, finish it / inillagataġupta uvaptinnun siñiktaġiaqsaqtutin when we finally are settled in our own place, come and spend the night with us | +llak-1 nv | +llak-1 nv [neither of these p.b. are correct -4 is what is listed for this word] § see iñiq-

inillaŋa- (i) to be settled, situated; to be certified in a position; (t) to situate her/him/it; to certify her/him/it | +llak-1 nv (ŋa- vv

iniqaġliq place where there used to be houses; an abandoned village | +qaq-1 nv +liq4 vn

iniqpak city, big place / iniqpagmuqqaaqami tammaŋaruq when she first went to a big city, she got lost | +qpak(-) nn

init village, town | -t (pl mkr) § rel. nunaaqqIq

initusI- (i) to become spacious (of place); (t) to make it (place) spacious | +tu- nv +sI-1 vv

iniq- (Ti) to finish, be done with it § see iñiq-

inmagaaq- (t) to determine whether she/he/it is present | +mmagaaq- vv § see it-

inmagaaġniQ roll call (a parliamentary procedure) | +mmagaaq- vv +niQ1 vn

inmiguaqtaq manik special account of money § rel. inmik under ilimik

inna or iminna (adv) like this | under it- +na (sing dem pron) § rel. tainna

innainniġman or iminnainniġman whereas | under it- +na (sing dem pron) it- +nIq- vv +mman (conseq 3s)

innaq- to say or do this (to her/him/it) | +na (sing dem pron) -q-5 nv

innasIq this kind, one like this | +na (sing dem pron) +sIq4 n

?inniil,l,ak- to be silenced (esp when lying, by someone setting one straight); (i) to be unable to answer back / -llak-1 vv

innuq saliva in long strands, as from mouth of sick person or dog

innulI- (i) to foam at the mouth | -lI-3 nv

innuliqi- (i) to have saliva in long strands (of sick person or dog) | -liqi- nv

inuġru- (i) to yearn for someone or something / inuġruliqhuniimma aiŋaruq he went home because he was yearning to be there | -ġru- vv

inuq- (i) to fail to reach one’s destination, undershoot, fall short, be insufficient; (t) to fail to reach it=goal, destination; to undershoot it=target; to fall short of it=runway in landing an airplane

inuaŋaIq- to have more than ample provisions, e.g. for a trip, for the winter

inuaqsI- (Ti) (i) to be nearing death | -aqsI- vv [stem? inuq can it mean to die; also can it mean to murder? maw]

inuŋa- (i) to be insufficient, not enough, incomplete, be missing a member / taaptumani qiñiġaami inuŋarugut in that picture we are missing someone | (ŋa- vv

inuŋanaaq- (t) to make or measure an insufficient amount of it | (ŋa- vv +naaq-1 vv

inuqtuq- (i) to run short of food; to not quite reach one’s destination and perform a task / inuqtuliqapta kaaksiuraġaliqsugut when we ran short of food we were in a constant state of hunger / naŋirvigmun iġñiyyaqsaqtuaq inuqtuqhuni il,ami igluanni iġñimaruaq she was on her way to the hospital to have her baby but could not get there on time so she had her baby at her relative’s house | +tuq-2 vv

>iñaluk or iñaluaq pl iñalurrat intestine § rel. iŋaluaq

iñaluaqtaq (Ti) umbilical cord | +taq8 nn § see iŋaluaqtaq

iñattuaq(-) (Ti) toy; (i) to play § rel. piuraaq(-)

iñaviġi- (t) to hinder, slow her/him down | +[g]i-1 rv

iñaviqqutaq(-) hindrance; to hinder (her/him), to delay or slow (her/him) down / iñaviqqutaq asuuna you’re nothing but a hindrance / iñaviqqutaġaa aakani naatchiñil,upayuktuaq savaamiñik he is slowing down his mother who is trying to finish her work / iñaviqqutauruq qamun navikłuni aullaqsaġmiugullu the car delayed our departure by breaking down | ‘-utaq(-)1 vn § rel. sukail,utaq(-), piñail,utaq(-), uimail,utaq(-)

iñaviqqutchIq- (i) to hinder one’s own progress, slow oneself down; (t) to hinder, slow her/him/it down | ‘~utaq1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

iñġaq- (i) to leak (of liquid from a container) / iñġaġuusimman avataqpak igittaġa when the seal skin poke developed a leak, I threw it out

iñġaun pan to catch drippings, e.g. under seal oil lamp | :un1 vn

iñġausIq piece of blubber suspended above lamp which drips into lamp | :un2 vn ~Iq-3 nv § rel. ayaksraq

iñġausiñiq burned seal oil which leaks from lamp; (Nu) used-up piece of blubber suspended above lamp | :un2 vn ~I1- nv +niQ1 vn

iñġutaq grandchild § rel. tutik, tutaaluk, tutitchiaq

iñI- (t) to hang it up to dry @ iñirI-, iñisI- / atigin iñil,ugu paniqsiaġuŋ hang your parka up to dry || +rI-6 vv, +sI-3 vv

iñipkaġaa sil,am or iŋipkaġaa sil,am for there to be a mirage [lit. “the weather is causing it to hang suspended”] / iġġich avva tautugnaqsiŋamarut sil,am iñipkaqługich the mountains are visible because the atmosphere has created a mirage | +pkaq-2vv +k/gaa (indic 3s-3s)

iñiaġvIk clothesline | +aq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

iñiaq or iñiraq something hung up to dry

iñirraq mirage on the horizon by which something appears raised | -rraq1 vn

iñiuqqaq-, (Ti) iñiuqaq- (t) to hang them (meat, clothes) out to dry @ iñiuqqaI-, (Ti) iñiuqaI- | -uq-2 vv >=qaq-3 rv, vv

iññiaq- to stretch it=animal hide on a frame for drying @ iññiaqsI- / iññiaġaa nalualiuqsaqługu she stretched out the seal skin on a frame to put it outside to bleach | ‘-aq-1 vv || +sI-3 vv

iññiaqtaq skin stretched on a frame to dry | ‘-aq-1 vv +t/raq4 vn

iññisaq rack for drying fish, meat or clothes; (Ti) clothesline / iññisalikama qutchiñaapayugniġiga when I made the meat rack, it’s a good thing I made it high enough | ‘-saq5 vn

iññiutaq a wooden or a metal frame to stretch animal skins for drying | ‘utaq(-)2 vn

iñiq- (i) to be completed, to finish, be done; (t) to finish, complete working on it; (t) to tell him/her to stop, to rebuke him/her to stop @ iñiqsI- / iñiġaa savaani he finished his own work || +sI-3 vv § rel. naat-

iñiġlugu all the time, constantly | +lugu (contemp I 3s-3s)

iñiqtiq-, (Ti) iniqtiq- (t) to rebuke or stop her/him from overdoing something, like working or talking; to warn her/him @ iñiqtiġi- or iñiqtiqłii- | -+tiq-2 vv || -I-7 vv

Iñiqtuiqsiq- to be Sunday; (i) to rest (original meaning) / Iñiqtuiqsiqsugut it is Sunday | +tuq-2 vv :Iq-2 vv +[t]sIq- vv § see savaiññiq [NOTE: explain subject, always person? lst? pl? Sunday as noun?]

iñiqtuq- (i) to be tired, exhausted | +tuq-2 vv

>iñña (Nu) (dem pron) that one over there, across, restricted, visible § from iñ (Kobuk)

??iññaaluk son | +luk3 n § rel. iġñiQ

*iññaq (root) (Nu) appearance, demeanor, condition

iññaaġIIk- (i) for two things to be alike | +[g]IIk- nv

iññaġIk- or iññaaġIk- (i) to have a good appearance, be in good condition; to look nice, pleasing; to look neat, to be well-made / iññaaġiksipiaqługik kamitchiagni qupagniqsaŋik she really trimmed her new boots and made them look nice | :aq4 rn +[g]Ik- nv | syn qiññaġIk-

iññaaġiñaaq- (t) to make it, something of good quality which is attractive / iññaaġiñaaġaa iñuŋŋuuraliani the doll she made looked attractive | :aq4 rn +[g]Ik- nv -naaq-1 vv

iññaq- (i) to go to bed, to lie down on one’s side § rel. naanaaq, nallaq, tuttaaq-

iñŋIk(-) or iŋŋIk(-) sharp point; (i) to sharpen a pencil; to sharpen something to a point; (t) to sharpen it=pencil; to sharpen it to a point § rel. ikŋIq

iñugiak- (i) to be numerous, many / iñuk/iñuit uvva iñugiaktuq/iñugiaktut there sure are many people! | +iak(-) nv § syn amirġaq-

iñugiaktuakun nalautaksrau- (i) to be multi-disciplinary (of a degree program at an educational institution) | +Iak(-) nv +t/ruaq (part 3s) -kun (via)

iñuk(-) person, owner; core of boil; resident spirit; embryo of an egg; (t) to scold her/him / sil,a iñuqaqtuq there are people outside § rel. aaġlum iñua | -k-4 nv § syn suak-

iññI- (i) to be pregnant; (t) to make her pregnant | ‘=I-1 nv

iññiaq- or iññiaqattaaq- (i) to visit someone, people / iññiaqattaaqtuaq imma aaqagu aiñiaqtuq she has gone visiting, she will be home later | ‘=Iaq-4 nv -qattaaq- vv

iññiŋiat- (i) to be wary of people / iññiŋiatuvluni avilaitqatiniyuitchuq she is so wary of people that she never develops a friendship | ‘=Iq-1 nv -ŋiat- vv

iññIq- (i) to be willed to someone; to have company, have a companion; to become occupied (of a house); to become populated, inhabited; (t) to will it to someone; to occupy it (house) / iglutchiaq iññianiŋamaruq I see that the new house already has tenants | ‘=Iq-1 nv

iññiqi- (i) to go visiting from house to house / iññiqqiqtuvluni aaquluk aimmisuil,aaq that little old lady is out visiting so much she is never home | ‘=Iqi- nv

iññiqima- (i) to have signs of human presence or habitation | ‘=Iqi-1 nv +ma-1 vv

iññiqimaniQ [usu in pl iññiqimanġich] sign of human presence or activity | ‘=Iqi-1 nv +ma-1 vv +niQ1 vn

iññiqsima- (t) to keep her/him company | +sima-2 vv

iññiqsuq- (t) to keep her/him company, to give her/him companionship; to arrange lodging for someone at her/his house / tutaaluŋata iññiqsupayuguugaa aaquaksraluk her grandchild gives the old lady companionship | ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

iññiqun (Ti) prowler, mysterious person | perhaps ‘=It-3 nv -qun vn syn iñuqun

iññIt- (i) to come upon a person or people; to reach a place where there are people (of a traveler); (t) to repopulate it (old village, place) / iglillaġmi aŋun tavra iññitchuq as the man traveled he came upon some people | ‘=It-3 nv

iññiuq- (i) to have visitors at one’s house frequently; to be visited by prowlers | ‘=It-3 nv :uq-2 vv

iññuġluk- (Ti) or iñugluk- (i) to be a bad person | ‘-ġluk nn

iññuk- (i) to form an embryo (usu of an egg) / aŋutaiyaaq mannigiaqami iññuŋaruamik mannigñiqsuaq when the boy went egg hunting he found an egg which already had an embryo in it | ‘-k-1 nv

iññuqłuk or iñupał,ł,uk, (Nu) iñupałuk bad, troublesome person | ‘-qłak2 nn

iñua embryo, as in an egg; resident spirit or being | :a (poss 3s-s)

iñuaġIIt- (i) to be very sick | -aq6 nn +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv § rel. naŋit-

iñuaġIk- (i) to be better after an illness | -aq6 nn +[g]Ik- nv

iñuaġrugi- (t) to treat her/him badly @ iñuaġrukłIq- | -aġruk nn +[g]i-1 nv || +kłIq-1 vv

iñuaġruk orphan; degraded person | -aġruk nn

iñuaġun murder; murder weapon | -aq-3 nv :un1 vn

iñuaq- (i) to commit murder; (t) to murder, kill her/him @ iñuaqsI- | -aq-3 nv || +sI-3 vv syn iñuktaġi-, iñuaqtaġi-

iñuaqłuk a person who does not conform to the norm; a person who mistreats others and is therefore shunned / uqautigaa aŋayuqaaŋik iñuaqługitquŋił,ł,ugik he told her not to mistreat her parents | -aqłuk nn

iñuaqtaġi- (t) to murder, kill her/him | -aq-3 nv +t/raq4 vn +[g]i-1 nv

iñuaqtaq murder victim or someone killed | -aq-3 nv +t/raq4 vn

iñuaqti murderer | -aq-3 nv +t/ri3 vn

iñuaqtuqti serial murderer | -aq-3 nv +tuq-2 vv +t/ri3 vn

iñugaq, iñugauraq or (Ti) iñugaŋŋuaq digit (finger or toe) one of the four small toes; metatarsal bone / isigagni arril,igamigik maqpiġaamun iñugauraliqł,ugik pil,giññiġaik I see that when he drew his footprint on the paper he even drew his toes | +gaq6 nn :uraq1 nn

iñugaqutlik (Nu) dwarf, mythical little person | -qułłik nn § syn iñuqułłigauraq

iñuggun life | nv ‘n1 vn

iñugiil,aq disagreeable, bad, or ugly person | +[g]Ik- nv :Il,aq vn

iñugiil,uktaq- or iñugiił,uktaq- (i) to be uncooperative, unmanageable; to throw a temper tantrum; (t) to be uncooperative to her/him | +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv -luk-3 vv +t/raq-1 vv

iñugiirrun cause for someone to be bad-tempered | uunnautiqauraqłuniuvva iñugiirrutigigaa he is irritable because he has a slight fever | +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv +ruti1 vn

iñugIIt- (i) to be bad-tempered; to be in a bad temper / iñugiitchuq aasiuvva maliktitchaŋiññapku he is in a bad temper because I was not going to let him go along | +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv

iñugIk- (i) to be a good person; to be nice, to have a good disposition / iñugiksiruq uvva uunnautaiqami she has regained her good nature now that her fever is gone | +[g]Ik- nv

iñugluaġi- (t) to reject, dislike her/him | +luaq-1 nv +[g]i-4 rv

iñugluaq- (i) to reject someone as owner, employee, employer, guest, host, family member; to be prejudiced or against some one people | +luaq3 nn

iñugluaqtaIt- (i) to be accepting of people | +luaq-3 nv (t/rI3 vn :It-1 nv

iñugluaqtau- (i) to avoid people, not like people | +luaq-3 nv +t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv

iñugriŋa- (i) to be like a person, human | +ri-2 nv (ŋa- vv

iñugruk- (i) to make noise (of a group of people) | +rruk-1 nv

iñuguq- (i) to become an adult, grow up; to “come back to life,” regain health, of a sick person; (t) to raise, nurture her/him/it / nukatpialuk aanamiñi iñugullaktuq the young man grew up with his grandmother | +uq-1 nv

iñuguqsautigi- (t) to grow up having it for food / iñuguqsautigiŋagiga tuttu I grew up eating caribou meat § rel. qaurrisaq-

iñuguqtitaq a child raised by someone other than its parents (not adopted) | +uq-1 nv (tit- vv (aq4 vn

Iñuil,aaġmiut (Ti) nomadic people living between Barrow and Herschel Island | :Il,aaq nn (miu nn -t (pl mkr)

iñuil,aaq, or iñuił,aaq or iñuil,aq empty, uninhabited or deserted place | :il,aq, il,aaq(-) nn

iñuil,l,aġuti- (i) to go visiting but find no one at home; to come upon a place but find the place deserted / isiqattaaġiaqtuaq iñuil,l,aġutimmiuq the visitor found no one at home | :il,aq- vv perhaps ‘-uti-2 vv

iñuil,l,iqi- (i) to make oneself at home at another’s house (usu the home of a close friend or relative) while they are gone | :It-1 nv +lIqi vv

iñuiññaġutail,aq nineteen | -ññaq2 nn -ġun nn il,aq nn

iñuiññakipiaq four hundred | -ññaq2 nn -kipiaq nn

iñuiññaq twenty | -ññaq2 nn

iñuiññaq qulit thirty | -ññaq2 nn

iñukIt- (i) to have few people, be sparsely populated; to be few in number (not just people) / nunaaqqiq taamna iñukitchuq this village has very few people | -kIt- nv

iñukkuk- (t) to nurture her/him/it into maturity | +uq-1 nv ‘-k-2 vv

IñukkuksaivIk July [lit “raising time”] | +uq-1 nv ‘-k-3 vv +saq-3 vv -I-7 vv +vIk1 vn

iñukkuksaq- (t) to raise, rear, bring her/him/it up @ iñukkuksaI- / ataataŋata uqallautisuugaa taamna iġñauraŋa niġiqatigilugu iñukkuksaquvlugu her/his grandfather would tell her/him customarily to raise her/his little son by eating with him | +uq-1 nv ‘-k-2 vv +saq-3 vv || -I-7 vv

iñukkuksraq- (Nu) (i) to raise a child | +uq-1 nv ‘-k-3 vv perhaps +qsraq-1 vv

iñukkutigi- (Ti) (t) to boss her/him around | +uq-1 nv ‘-k-3 vv :un1 vn +[g]i-1 nv § rel. taluqsralliaġi-

iñukpak adult | +qpak(-) nn

iñukpallIq- (i) to show up, appear, make one’s presence known / qaiñiaŋiññasugiraġa iñukpalliġmiuq I thought he would not come but he showed up | +p/vallIq- nv

iñukpaluIq- (i) to have no more noise of people; (t) to depopulate it (house, area), for people to leave it so there’s no more noise of people

iñukpaluk- to have people present making customary “people” noise, e.g. laughing, talking | +p/valuk-2 vv, nv

iñukpaŋŋuq- to grow into an adult | -ŋŋuq-2 nv

iñukpasuk or iñukpak giant, big man | +qpak(-) nn -suk2 nn

iñuksuk or (Nu) iñuksruk rock cairn guidepost; pile of rocks or form made of willow to resemble humans and used in corralling caribou | -suk2 nn [no pb -sruk]

iñuksraŋŋuq- (i) to improve from a state of being seriously or critically ill | -ksraq(-)1 nn -ŋŋuq-2 nv

iñuksruIt- (i) to be peaceful, quiet, silent, nobody around / tigluktuġaluaqtuŋa iñuksruitchuq I knocked but there was nobody around | perhaps +qsruq-1 nv :It-1 nv

iñuksruk- to have noisy activity of humans; to make one’s presence known by noise § also iñukpaluk-

iñuksrula- or iñuksruula- (i) to make noise as one moves / qanitchani iñuksrularuamik tusaaruq she heard someone making noise in the entryway | +qsruq-1 nv -la- vv

iñuksraun egg yolk | -ksraun nn

iñuktaġi- (t) to murder her/him | -k-4 nv (t/raq4 vn +[g]i-1 nv § rel. tuqut-

iñuktalik murderer; body of water or a certain place where a person has died | (t/raq4 vn -lik1 nn

iñuktaq murder victim | -k-4 nv (t/raq4 vn

iñulik an inhabited place | -lik1 nn

iñullaa each person / iñullaa aitchuusiaqaqtuq each person received a gift | -llaa nn

iñuniqłuk giant | -niqłuk nn § syn iñukpasuk, iñunniġluk

iñunnaġi- (t) to like her/him | -nnaq1 nn +[g]i-1 nv § rel. nakuaġi-

iñunnaraaq- to enjoy being with a person | -nnaq1 nn -raaq-1 nv § rel. iñunnaġi-, nakuaġi-

iñunniġluk (Nu) huge person, giant; (i) to dislike, reject a person | -niqłuk nn

iñuŋi (Nu) legs of mythical polar bear which were transformed into people | -ŋI (poss 3s-p)

iñuŋnIq- (i) to be friendly, cheerful and courteous | +nIq-3 nv

iñuŋnuk- (i) to visit people | +nuk- nv

iñuŋŋuaq mannequin, puppet, human-like doll / iñuŋŋuamik iñugunaaqłuni uqautisaġaluaġniġaa he almost started to talk to a mannequin, mistaking it for a person | +ŋŋuaq(-) nn

iñuŋŋuuraq doll | +ŋŋuaq(-) nn =uraq1 nn

iñuŋŋurrI- to make a doll (for her/him); (t) to make it into a doll / sanavluni iñuŋŋurrigaa paniñi he whittled a doll for his daughter | +ŋŋuaq(-) nn =uraq1 nn =I-1 nv

iñuŋuluuraq little person, dwarf, midget, elf / iñuŋuluuramik iñukpagmik tautukpaalluktuŋa this is the first time I have ever seen an adult midget | (ŋuluk nn :uraq1 nn

iñupałłuk or iñupał,ł,uk evil, bad person | (ŋuluk(-) nn :uraq1 nn

iñupayaaq, iñupayaat everyone; all people, the human race / iñupayaat aiyugaaġiakkich uvaptinnun niġiyaqtuqulugich go invite everyone to come and eat at our house | +payaaq nn -t (pl mkr)

Iñupiaq north Alaskan Eskimo; north Alaskan Eskimo language | +piaq(-)2 nn

IñupiaqsI- (t) to translate it=word into Iñupiaq | -piaq2 nn -q-5 nv +sI-5 vv

Iñupiaqsiñ an Iñupiaq word; one’s Iñupiaq name | -piaq2 nn -q-5 nn +sI-5 vv ‘-n vn

Iñupiaqsiñiq Iñupiaq name | -piaq2 nn -q-5 nv +sI-5 vv +niQ1 vn § rel. taniksiñiq

Iñupiaqtaq an Iñupiaq-made item; Iñupiaq food | +piaq(-)2 nn +qtaq nn

Iñupiatun like an Iñupiaq; in the Iñupiaq language | Iñupiatun aglakkai uqaluni he wrote his words in Iñupiaq | +tun (sim)

Iñupiuraaq- (i) to speak in Iñupiaq; (t) to say it in Iñupiaq | -piaq2 nn =uraaq-1 nv

iñuqaġnail,aq (Ti) murderer; others, chief or leader who kills (murders) newcomers / taamna nunaaqqiq qaukłiqaġniqsuq iñuqaġnail,amik that village has a leader who murders newcomers | -qaq-1 nv +naq-1 vv :il,aq(-) vn

iñuqaq- (i) to have visitors [lit “to have people”]

iñuqsruit- ?

>iñuqsruq- ?

iñuqułłigauraq or iñuqułłik or (Ti) iñuqullik dwarf; legendary “little person” / iñuqułłigauranik iqsisaaġaġigaa anitquŋił,ł,ugu she would scare him with (stories of) dwarfs because she did not want him going out | -quti2 nn

iñuqun spirit; prowler (unknown person seen from afar and blamed for unexplainable circumstances); bogey man | -qun nn § rel. mittayyak

iñuu- (i) to be alive; to live, reside | :u-2 nv

iñuuliqtuuraq- (i) to live for a short while / iñuuliqtuuraġaluaqami Utqiaġvigñi aullalgitchuaq she lived for a short while in Barrow but then she left again | :u-2 nv -liqtuuraq- vv

iñuuniaġvium irrusia environment | :u-2 nv +niaq-2 vv +vIk1 vn :um (rel mkr)

iñuuniaq- (i) to make a living / piatchiaqtuqłuni iñuuniaġaqtuq he existed by going to others for food | :u-2 nv +niaq-2 vv

iñuuniaqan person one lives with; spouse; person who lives in one’s village | :u-2 nv +niaq-2 vv (qan vn

iñuuniqtutilaaq duration of life | :u-2 nv +niQ1 vn +tu- nv (tilaaq(-) vn

iñuuniusIq (Nu) way of life | :u-2 nv +niun vn ~Iq3 nn

iñuuniutit provisions, tools, weapons, things one uses in everyday life | :u-2 +niun vn -t (pl mkr)

iñuunniaqan hunting partner who helps provide for others

iñuunniaq- (t) to minister to her/him/it medically | :u-2 nv +t-1 vv +niaq-2 vv

iñuunniaqti doctor, physician | :u-2 nv +t-1 vv +niaq-2 vv +t/ri3 vn

iñuuniun medicine?

iñuuqan one born on the same day or around the same time; one of the same age, contemporary; someone who lives with one as spouse | :u-2 (qan vn

iñuuraq or iñuuraqpak idol (in Bible) | :uraq1 nn +qpak(-) nn

iñuusIq way of life, habit, disposition; soul / iñuusiŋa allaŋŋuŋaruq qiñiqtuuraaŋaqqaaqłuni his way of life changed after he saw a vision | :u-2 nv -ti1 vn ~Iq3 nn

>iñuusuaqtuqtuŋa (indic sentence) (Ti) said by someone who has escaped danger, lived through a disease, e.g. someone who makes it back to shore after being carried away on an ice floe

iñuut- (t) to keep her/him alive | :u-2 nv +t-1 vv

iñuutchak- (Ti) (i) to come to life | +tchak- vv

iñutaq(-) piece of standing wood, forked on top with two snares, for hawks, larger one for owls; (i) to be caught in a hawk/owl trap; (t) to catch it in a hawk/owl trap § rel. iŋutaq

iŋaġiq or (Ti) iŋaġiaq black guillemot (Cepphus grylle)

iŋaluk or iñaluk sea mammal intestine; cleaned, dried and stretched intestine of a bearded seal; raingear or window made from the lining of bearded seal intestines / igalaaqaqtugut iŋalugmik we have a window made from the lining of bearded seal intestines | +luk5 n

iŋaluaq or iñaluaq or iŋaluat small intestines of human and land animals / natchiit iŋaluaŋiññik niġil,l,aktuni aarigaa when one eats seal intestines, it is sure a treat | +luk5 n -aq6 nn -t (pl mkr)

iŋaluaq (Nu) earlobe

iŋaluuraq eardrum | :uraq nn

iŋaluaqtaq umbilical cord | +luk5 n -aq6 nn -qtaq nn

iŋaluatchiat ptarmigan intestines | +luk5 nn -aq6 nn -tchiaq3 nn -t (pl mkr)

iŋalugaaluk edible seaweed (Porphyra laciniata) | iŋalugaaluich misiġaaqtuutigiksut seaweed is well complemented by seal oil | -aaluk nn

iŋattaq- (i) to overdo, to do too much; (t) to vigorously deflate or put her/him down / iŋattaqłuni niġikami aŋun siquiññaqtuq the man ate so much that he instantly fell asleep | -attaq- rv

iŋattaqtiqpaIt- (i) to go to excess, exaggerate; (t) to overdo it / uqallagaallaksaqami iŋattaqtiqpaitchuuruq when he gets up to say a few words he always gets carried away | -attaq- rv +tiq-3 vv +p/vaIt- vv

iŋi groin, middle front part of pelvic bone; loins; center of whale belly, underside around anus

iŋiaq- (t) to do something before she/he does; to forestall, intercept her/him / iŋiaqługu aġnaq aiyugaaqsiruq iglaamik he invited the newcomer before the woman had a chance to invite her/him § syn suvulik-

>iŋiġaqtuq- to be in pursuit of a whale / aġviġmun iŋiġaqtuqtut or aġviq iŋiġaqtuġaat they are chasing a whale § rel. iŋilġaq

iŋil,ġaaġnisaq artifact

iŋil,ġaan a long time ago

iŋilġaq, pl iŋilġat (Ti) seal-retrieving hook § rel. manaq, manaqtuun syn igił,haq

iŋiq- (t) to ask something of, beg her/him; to pray to Her/Him

iŋiqsruq- to ask, beg (for her/him); to petition (her/him) / Ulġuniutiksramiñik aapiyamiñiñ iŋiqsruqtuq she asked her older brother for some money to take a trip to Wainwright | (qsruq-2 vv

iŋiqsruun petition | (qsruq-2 vv :un1 vn

iŋiula- to beg (her/him) | :uq-2 vv -la- vv

iŋit- (i) to sit down, be seated; (t) to sit her/him down | +t-3 vv § rel. iksiva-

iŋitqaq pelagic cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus)

iŋiulik(-) wave or swell on ocean; (i) to have swells or waves (of ocean)

iŋiulikpak breaker, breaking wave | +qpak(-) nn

iŋiulinŋu- or iŋiulinŋuq- (i) to tire of the rocking motion of waves, to be seasick | -nŋu- vv -nŋuq- nv

iŋiullaaq(-) (Ti) small wave; (i) to have small waves (of sea) | ‘-aq nn

iŋiulliuq- (i) to rock, pitch in the waves (of boat or people in a boat) / umiaq iŋiulliuqtuaq qiñiqługu iŋiulinŋulil,gitchuq she got motion seasick from just watching the boat pitching | -lliuq-nv

iŋiuq- to spy on, watch (her/him/it) from a hiding place

iŋiuqłiq- (i) to spy, lie in wait for someone | +kłIq-1 vv

iŋivġaq (Nu) bone joint § rel. navyaaq

iŋmIq- to complete a journey in one day; (t) to reach it in one day / iŋmiqsuq Fairbanks- miñ London-mun he made the trip from Fairbanks to London in one day

iŋniġuuq- or iŋniġuuqpatit- (i) to strike (of lightning) § see igniQ under iki-

iŋniqauq- (i) to keep a fire going, tend a fire § see igniQ under iki-

iŋniqpalliaġaq- (Ti) (i) for there to be lightning § see igniQ under iki-

iŋniqsuq- (i) to make a fire § see igniQ

iŋŋIk(-) (Nu) point e.g. of needle or pencil § see iñŋIk(-)

iŋŋiun (Nu) device to sharpen a point, pencil sharpener § see iñŋIk(-)

iŋnisiq flint, firestone § see igniQ igniñ

iŋut- (t) to stir it @ iŋutchI- || +sI-3 vv § syn aŋalat-, akut-

iŋulit- (t) to stir it @ iŋulitchI- | -lIt- vv

iŋutaq owl trap; pole for placing owl trap § rel. iñutaq

iŋutuq young female whale (choice eating); young whale | +tuq6 n

iŋutualuk old female whale | -aluk nn

iŋutugrauraq (Ti) baby female whale | -ksraq nn :uraq1 nn

iŋutuvak large whale with rolled blubber on back; (Ti) fat mature female with curved nose | +tuq6 n -vak1 nn

ipaġaq- (Ti) to wade, (t) to give up on, let go of

ipak grain in wood, fiber in meat; ring in tree

ipi- (i) to suffocate, drown; to be hot and sweaty from lack of fresh cool air / tilaktuamiuvva ipiruŋa I’m scrubbing the floor and I’m sweating, sweltering, (lit “suffocating”); puuvraqtuaq qilurivl,uni ipiruq the swimmer developed a cramp and drowned

ipisia- (i) to fight for breath (as in water, smoke, or from asthma), have difficulty breathing / ipisiavluŋa itiqtuaŋa, ulimnik matuŋamaruami I woke up fighting for breath, I found I had covered my head with my blanket | +sia- vv § syn aniqsaaġuil,l,aIq-

ipit- (t) to suffocate, drown her/him/it; to cause her/him to have difficulty catching her/his breath due to much laughter @ ipitchI- / mitaaqtuat aggaktiłłutiŋ ipittaatigut the comedians got really wild and had us all in stitches (out of breath from laughing) | +t-1 vv

ipputigi- (t) to laugh very hard about her/him/it / aġnaiyaam nukaaluni kiiñaġiil,uktitaqqaaqługu ipputigiraġigaa the girl would cause her younger sibling to make faces, then would laugh real hard | ‘t-1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

ipraaġuq- (Nu) (i) to be out of breath | +[ġ]uq-1 nv

ipraġun (Nu) dog muzzle § see ivraġun

ipratchiaġuq- (Nu) to be out of breath

ivri-, ivriññik- to cause others to be out of breath from laughing so hard | +ri-4 vv, +ri-4 vv +nnik-vv

ivruattuq- (i) to be unable to catch one’s breath, gasp | ~ruattuq- vv § syn ipraaġuq-

ivyanŋu- (i) be out of breath

ivyanŋunaq- (i) to be stuffy, of place

ipiġaq-1 (t) to whip her/him/it once / qimmiq ugiallaruaq ipiġaqługu qimaktitkaa he whipped the snarling dog once and caused it to run away | +[ġ]aq3 nn

ipiġaq-2, ipaġaq- (i) to wade / kamitchiakiñ ipiġautiginagik don’t go wading in your new boots

ipiġaq-3 (Ti) ipaġaq- (t) to give up on it; to stop working on it, cast it aside / savaani ipiġaġruiññaqługu aullaqtuq he just stopped what he was doing and left

ipiġaq4 wick

ipiqqIq- (i) to now have a wick (of a lamp); (t) to put a wick in it=lamp / qulliq ipiqqiġaa kalikuviñiġmik she put a wick made of a piece of cloth on the lamp | ‘=Iq-1 nv

ipik- (i) to be sharp; to be sharp-tongued / araa qaniŋa ipiŋuluktuq boy, her tongue is sharp

ipiksaq- (t) to sharpen it @ ipiksaI- / ipiksaġaa savik ipkiŋaruaq he is sharpening the knife that got dull | +saq-3 vv

ipiksaun sharpener / uyaġagmik ipiksausiqł,uni ipiksaġaaluunnii she probably sharpened it by using a stone as a sharpener | +saq-3 vv :uti1 vn

ipiksaunnaq clam | +saq-3 vv :unnaq vn § rel. imaniQ

ipkil,aq dull object | :il,aq(-) vn

ipkil,I- (i) to become dull; (t) to cause it=cutting device to become dull

ipkIq- or ipkil,I- (t) to make it dull / ipkiġaa anauttaq atuqpaił,ł,ugu he made the axe dull from constant use | :Iq-2 vv or :Iq-2 vv -lI-2 vv

ipkIt- (i) to be dull, e.g. of a knife / ipkitchuq taamna savik, atuġnagu that knife is dull, don’t use it | :It-1 vv

ipIq(-) (Nu) small, thin root, dog chain, rope?; (i) to now be tied with a chain; (t) to tie it with a chain [?]

ipiak dual fallopian tubes | -aq6 nn -k (dual mkr)

ipialik waterproof hip boot with straps from top of boot to be tied to the belt | -aq6 nn -lik1 nn

ipiaq(-) mitten string, drawstring, e.g. for tall boots, string attached to knife, etc.; (Ti) handle, as on bucket or suitcase; to draw and tie the drawstrings at the top of (her/his) boots; (t) to play a line on which one has hooked seal, fish / natchiq ipiaġaa he is pulling the seal in as it exhausts itself | -aq6 nn

ipiġaqtuq- (t) to whip, spank her/him/it repeatedly; ?(t) to use an axe on it / ipiġaqtuġai qimmiñi ugiaqtuat he whipped his dogs that were fighting | +tuq-2 vv

ipiġaqtuun whip, spanking tool | +[ġ]aq3 nn +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

ipiġaqtuun axe; long taproot of plant | +[ġ]aq3 nn +tuq-2 vv +un1 vn § rel. anauttaq

ipiġauttauraq hatchet | +[ġ]aq3 nn :uttaq vn :uraq1 nn

ipiun (Ti) fishing line, mitten string, knife string; pot handle, pail handle | -q-5 nv :un1 vn § rel. anu

ipiusIq- or ipiutchIq- (i) to now have a tow rope attached; (t) to attach a line to it | :un1 vn ~Iq-1 nv @ ipiutchiqsI- | ‘=Iq-1 nv || +sI-3 vv

ipiusiun line used to tow whale during hunt | :uti1 vn ~Iq-1 nv :un1 vn

ipiutaq fishing line made from baleen or twine of braided sinew; string for sling, mittens, snare, etc.

ipiQ2 dirt

ipiqviiññaq one who is very dirty | perhaps +vIk-3 nv -iññaq2 nn ?

ippak- (i) to become dirty; (t) to make it dirty | ‘-k-2 nv

ipqIq- (i) to become clean; (t) to remove dirt from her/him/it | :Iq-2 nv

ipqIt- (i) to be clean | :It- nv

ipqu- (i) to be dirty | :u-2 nv

*ipiqtu (root) sadness, depression, despondence

ipiqtusuk- (i) to be very sad, despondent, depressed | +suk-3 rv

ipiqtunaq- (i) to cause sadness, depressing

ipiqtutchak- (i) to become sad, despondent, depressed, unhappy, joyless | -tchak- vv

ipnaq (Nu) cliff

ipnaiq (Nu) mountain sheep, dall sheep § see imnaiq

ipnaitchiaq (Nu) summer sheepskin with short hair § rel.? imnaiq

Ipnaich Nuliaġviat (Nu) November [lit “sheep’s mating time] § see imnaiq

ipnalik or ipnaligaaq (Nu) old style woman’s parka with tails

ippaq- (i) to eat everything on one’s plate; to lick something clean; (t) to eat everything on it=plate; to lick it clean

ippIq Pink Plume leaf (large, long sweet leaf), Bistort (Polygonum bistorta)

ipsaq (Nu) juice of meat or fruit § see ivsaq

ipsIq- (Nu) (t) to moisten it § see ivsaq

iptuġIq- (i) to stutter, stammer | -uġIq- vv § rel. kapkat-

ipu(-) long handle; (t) to attach a handle to it / ipiġauttani iputchiaġaa he put a new handle on his axe

ipugaġnaq suppun lever-action rifle | -k-4 +aq-1 vv +naq vn

ipugaq- to push or propel (usu a boat or raft) with a long pole and travel; to turn, move a boat with an oar (not row); (i) to use ski poles to gain speed | -k-4 nv +aq-1 vv

ipugaun lever, something to pry with; lever (of lever-action rifle) | -k-4 nv +aq-1 vv :un1 vn

ipuk- (t) to lift it with a lever; (t) to cock the lever of it (rifle) / ipukługu qauġaa siku he split loose the ice by using a lever | -k-4 nv

ipuligalik (Nu) old-style arrowhead | perhaps –lik1 nn +aq6 nn –lik1 nn

ipun long oar | -n4 vn

ipurvIk oarlock | +t-3 nv +vIk1 vn

ipusiġvIk hole to place oarlock | -n4 vn ~Iq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

ipusIq- (i) to now have oars (of a boat); (t) to put oars on it=boat @ ipusiqsI- | -n4 vn ~Iq-1 nv || +sI-3 vv

iput- to row (it) | +t-3 nv

ipuktaaq- (i) to seesaw / ipuktaaqtuaq iglaqhaurapaluktuq quiññalauraqhuni the one on the seesaw was really giggling because her body would tingle (from the seesaw motion) | perhaps -k-3 vv +taaq-1 vv

ipuktaun or ipuktaaġun seesaw board, a seesaw | -k-3 v +taaq-1 vv =un1 vn

*ipu (root) closed of mouth, oral cavity

ipummIq- or upummIq- (i) to close one’s mouth and hold it closed; to hold the mouth closed / aġnaq uqallatchail,ivl,uni ipummiŋaniataktuq the woman tried to keep her lips pressed together to keep from saying something | -mmIq-1 v § rel. pummIq-

ipuqhuq- or ipuġuq- or ipuqhumiq- or ipuġumiq- (i) to dive (of a seal, bird) / natchiq tupaqłuni ipuqhuqtuq taġiumun the seal got startled and dove into the ocean | +qhuq- rv -miq- vv

iqagaun snow shovel § rel. pualġiñ

iqaġi-, (Ti) iqaqi- (i) to wash one’s hands and/or face; (t) to wash her/his hands and/or face; to wash it=fabric, utensil; to wash it/them=face, hands, etc / qaliġuuraġa iqaġiliqtuuraġniaġiga I will quickly wash my dress

iqaqqivigruaq washtub | ‘+vIk1 vn +ġruaq1 nn

iqaqqivIk washbasin | ‘+vIk1 vn

iqaqqun soap | ‘n1 vn

iqaqsraksrat dirty clothes to be washed | =sraq3 vn -ksraq(-)1 nn -t (pl mkr)

iqaqsrat clothes which have been washed / iqaqsrat kiguunniġmukpigich did you put the clean clothes in the box | =sraq3 vn -t (pl mkr)

iqaqsrI- (i) to do the laundry, wash clothes; (t) to do her/his laundry / iqaqsriruq annuġaamiñik iqiasukkaluaŋŋaġmi she did her laundry even though she was lazy | -qsraq3 vn ‘=I-1 nv

iqaqsrisi- (t) to do her/his laundry / uvlupak iqaqsrisivlugu annuġaaŋiñik allanik savaŋil,l,aktuq she did his laundry all day long so that she didn’t get to do her other work | =sraq3 vn ‘=I-1 nv ‘ti-2 vv

iqaqsrivIk washing machine, laundromat, laundry | =sraq3 vn ‘=I-1 nv +vIk1 vn

iqaluk(-) (Nu) qaluk(-) fish; (i) to catch a fish / aŋun iqaluktuq kuugmiñ sulukpaugamik the man caught a grayling from the river | +t- nv

iqalliqi- (i) to fish / il,atka iqalliqirut imma sumi taimma my friends are out fishing, but I’m not sure where | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

iqaluaqpak (Nu) qaluaqpak lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) | -luk5 n -aq6 nn +qpak(-) nn

iqalugaq tomcod; codfish | +gaq4 nn

iqalugauraq small fish | +gaq4 nn :urasq(-)1 nn

iqalugniaq- (i) to be out fishing / aapaga iqalugniaqtuq kuugmi akkupak my father is out fishing in the river right now | +niaq-2 vv

iqalugruaq (Nu) qalugruaq chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) | +ġruaq1 nn § rel. taġyaqpak

iqalukpik arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) | -pIk2 nn § rel. aŋayuqaksraq

iqaluŋniutit (Nu) qaluŋniutit fishing gear; (Nu) fish trap | +niun nn -t (pl mkr)

iqalusaaq(-) least cisco, small dark whitefish (Coregonus sardinella); (i) to catch a least cisco | -saaq(-)3 nn § rel. aanaakłIq

iqalusarriqi- (i) to fish for least cisco, small dark whitefish ?

iqaq- (i) hard to move, not limber; to be stiff (of person, tool, etc); (t) to become stiff, of body part as object / iqaqtuq taigña aġnaq aŋayukami that woman is stiff when she Eskimo dances / ikusiga iqaġaa my elbow got stiff

iqaIt- (i) to be supple, limber; to be industrious, hard-working | :It-1 vv

iqaqłak or iqaqłik pair of waterproof knee-high sealskin boots / iqaqłakkiñ ulinŋavigik have you turned your waterproof knee-high boots inside out? | -qłaq vn -k (dual mkr) § also qaqłik

iqaqłI- to make waterproof seal skin knee-high boots (for her/him); (t) to make waterproof seal skin knee-high boots out of it=animal hide / aġnaq aptaruq iqaqłivl,ugu iġñiñi the woman is busy making a pair of waterproof seal skin knee-high boots for her son | -qłaq vn -k (dual mkr) ‘=I-1 nv

iqaqtait- (Ti) (i) to be naked § rel. annuġail,aq

iqhiil,uktaq- (Nu) (i) to wiggle, wriggle | -luk-3 vv +t/raq-1 vv

iqi- (i) to contract, tighten up, e.g. worm, fist, etc / ii, uvva uumamaruqsuli qupil,ġuq, iqiruq ooh, the worm is still alive, it just contracted

iqimmaaq- (Nu) iqimmiaq- to embrace (her/him) warmly; (t) to wrap (it) / aññaġiik iqimmaaqtuk tautuutikamik the cousins embraced each other when they saw each other | +mmaaq- vv

iqimmat- (Ti) or iqimmi- (i) to hug, embrace (each other); (t) to hug., embrace her/him/it / iqimmattuk they2 are hugging / igimmiruq he is holding something tightly to his body / iqimmigaa he hugged her | -mmat- vv +mmI-6 vv

iqiraġaayuk fly eggs | +raġaaq(-) vv, vn -yuk(-) vv, vn

iqirġaq- or iqiraġaq- (i) to contract, shrink by drawing together (esp of a worm) / iqiraġaqtuq qupilġuq aksiukkapku the worm contracted when I touched it | +raġaq-1 vv

iqisimaaq- to carry (her/him/it) between one’s arms and body; (i) to fold arms across chest? | +simaaq- vv

iqit(-) a fist; (i) to contract, close up (e.g. of worm, fist); to embrace each other; (t) to embrace her/him/it @ iqitchI- / iqittuk paaġutikamik tautuutiŋaitpaił,ł,utik they embraced each other when they met because they hadn’t seen each other in a long time | +t-1 vv [QUERY: iqit as a noun]

iqittaaq- (i) to put arms around each other’s shoulders; (t) to put one’s arms around her/his shoulders @ iqittaaqsI- / aġnam paniñi qiaruaq iqittaaqługu arakkaa the woman put her arm around her daughter, who was crying, and comforted her | +t-1 vv +taaq-1 vv

iqmak- (Nu) (i) to be folded over; (t) to fold it over @ iqmaI- | ~mak- vv

iqpa- (i) to be open, e.g. of door [CHECK these(\/) 3 words out]

iqpaq- (i) to open (of door); (t) to open it=door | ~paq- vv

iqpIq- (i) to be open (of door, tent flap, lid, book); (t) to open it=door, tent flap, lid, book | ~pIq- vv § rel. makpIq-, agmaq-

*iqIk (root) laziness, lack of enjoyment, boring, uninspiring, lack of eagerness, unwillingness, lack of initiative, lack of energy, lethargy

iqiagi- (t) to not feel like doing it / iglum salummaqsaġniksraŋa iqiagigaa she is lazy when its time to clean the house | perhaps -aq-2 rv +[g]i-2 rv

iqiakkiuti- (t) to become unwilling, not eager to do it / iqiakkiutigaa savaani allaŋŋulaitpaił,ł,uni he became lazy because his work routine never changes | -a-2 rv +[g]i-2 rv ‘=uti-2 vv

iqianaq- (i) to be boring, uninspiring | -a-2 rv +naq-1 vv

iqianġutu- (i) to be lazy, esp when one is tired or not quite fully awake | -a-2 rv -nġuq rn

iqianniuq- (i) to have a hard time waking up / iqianniuġaluaqami apunmik kiiñani nanuktuġaa because she still felt sleepy after awakening, she rubbed her face vigorously with snow | - a-2 rv +naq2 vn ‘=Iuq-2 nv

iqiasuk- (i) to not feel like working or doing something productive | -suk-3 rv

iqiatchak- (i) to become unwilling to work or do something productive; (i) to begin to wane (of moon) | -a-2 rv -tchak- vv

iqigi- (t) to feel that she/he has no initiative / iqigigaa taamna iñuk, il,isimallautaqługu he feels that person has no initiative, because he knew him too well | +[g]i-2 vv

iqignaq- or iqiŋnaq- (i) to lack initiative / iqignaqłuni taamna iñuk pil,aiġutisuugiga I get so tired of that person because he has no initiative | +naq-1 vv

iqignaIt- or iqiŋnaIt- (i) to work without having to be told | +naq-1 vv :It-1 vv

iqIIq- (i) to become fully awake, to awaken; to become energetic | :Iq-2 rv § rel. itiq-

iqiiqsaq- (t) to awaken her/him/it | :Iq-2 rv (saq-3 vv

iqIIt- (i) to be active, industrious, energetic | :It-1 rv

iqiq, (Nu) iqi corner of mouth

iqiġun tattoo at corner of mouth (whaling captains had one for each whale caught) | -un3 nn

iqiġutchIq- or iqiġusiq- (i) to finally do something which is uncharacteristic of one to do; to do something outstanding (lit.”to get a whaler’s tatoo”); (t) to finally do it=an activity which one usually balks at doing | -un3 nn :Iq-1 nv

iqirġalik square, cube | +t-1 vv +ġaq1 vn -lik1 nn

iqirġaq(-) corner | +t-1 vv +ġaq1 vn § rel. kaŋiġalluk, tiġitquq

iqiruġaq shutter | +ruġaq vn

iqimiuttak cheek pocket of squirrel where it stores food

iqimiutchIq- (i) to have food in cheek pocket (of squirrel)

iqsraaq- (i) to slap oneself the cheek or have an injured cheek; (t) to slap her/him on the cheek @ iqsraaqsI- | =sraq3 vn ‘-aq-3 nv

iqsraġutilik Canada goose (Branta canadensis) | -ġun nn -lik1 nn

iqsralik crested auklet (Aethia cristatella) | -lik1 nn

iqsraq cheek | =sraq3 vn § syn uluak

iqirgagiaq Sabine’s gull (Xema sabini) | +iaq3 n § rel. qargagiaq

iqitquq or iqitquuraq or iqitquluuraq little finger / iqitquuramiñiñ isagutivluni kisitchiŋulugaqtuq starting with her little finger she would count | +quq n, quq n :uraq1 nn or +quq n +luk2 nn :uraq1 nn § also itiqquuraq

iqitqiluuraġmIk- (Ti) to do the finger-pull with the pinkie finger | +quq n +luk2 nn :uraq1 nn +mIk-1 nv

iqłu colon, large intestine, rectum | +łu nn

iqł,ak(-)1 hook used to fish or “snag” burbot through ice; (i) to catch a burbot

iqł,aaq- to crack, split (of wood, fingernail); (t) to crack, split it=wood | -aq-1 vv

iqł,ak-2 to wrinkle one’s nose, to bare one’s teeth in anger at (her/him/it)

iqł,aŋa- to make a funny face (at her/him) | (ŋa- vv

iqł,apqutaq scattered cumulus clouds spread over open ocean | +qutaq nn § rel. iqł,ak-1

iqł,Iq- (i) to be frayed, be separated at edges (of threads, rope, etc)

iqł,Ich tangled hair, sinew, etc.; small pieces of lip at the roots of baleen | +t (pl mkr)

iqmaliñ (Nu) hairless skin used for seat in kayak

iqpIq- (i) to be open; (t) to open it=door, lid, book § rel. makpIq-, agmaq-, also under iqi-

iqqaq- (t) to throw them away / suaqłuich ikiŋaruat iglumiñ iqqaġai he threw away the things in the house that were burned @iqqai-

iqqałuk- (i) to be sloppy, careless with things, not putting them away properly / iqqałukłuni araa ikkaktitchuugaa inaurani he is so sloppy he makes his room very messy | -łuk-3 vv

iqquk(-) buttock; heart, at cards; to thrust one’s buttocks out (at him, her, it) / nukatpiaġruum iqqugni manitchail,igaik kapisaġmanni the boy tried to keep from showing his rear end when they were going to give him a shot

iqqiŋa- (i) to have a protruding buttock / taamna iñuk nutim qaŋa iqqiŋaruq that person has always had a protruding buttock | ‘=Iq-1 nv (ŋa- vv

iqqIq- (i) to protrude the buttocks; (t) to protrude hip or buttock to catch a large object one is carrying or support, e.g. boat/ miqłiqtuq iqqiġataqłuni uŋŋayyaktuq the child protruded her buttocks when she tried to attract attention by reverting to childish behavior | ‘=Iq-1 nv

iqquaq- (t) to slap her/him on the buttocks once | ‘-aq-3 nv

iqquaqtaq- (t) to spank her/him / iqquaqtaġaa nukatpiaġruk uqaqsiġiitkaluaġman he spanked the boy for disobeying | ‘-aq-3 nv +t/raq-1 vv

iqquiqil,uk- (i) to shake the buttocks, esp playing / aġnaiyaaq iqaluuŋŋuaqami iqquiqil,uktaqtuq the girl when she pretended to be a fish, shook her buttocks real fast | -IqI-2 nv -luk-3 vv

iqquktaq- or (Ti) iqqumiktaq- to shake, wiggle one’s buttocks (at her/him) | (t/raq-1 nv

iqqulI- to skin a fur-bearing animal by cutting around the hind legs / nukatpiam siksriktaani iqqulivl,ugu amiiġaa the young man skinned the ground squirrel he got by cutting around the hind legs | -lI-1 nv

iqqulik (Nu) hearts at cards | -lik1 nn

iqsI- (i) to be afraid

iiq (excl) it’s going to get you and it’s scary

iiqinii (excl) I’m scared, I don’t want to; it was scary § syn iirigii

iqsigi- (t) to be afraid of, fear her/him/it | +[g]i-2 vv

iqsikkiuti- (t) to become afraid of her/him/it | +[g]i-2 vv ‘-uti-2 vv

iqsiñaq- (i) to be dangerous, scary, fearsome | +naq-1 vv

iqsiññiuq- (i) to be terrified

iqsisaaq- (t) to scare, frighten her/him/it @ iqsisaaqłII- / iqsisaaġuuvlugu mikiŋŋaan iqsitusipkaŋagaa he caused her to become frightened easily because he used to try to scare her all the time when she was little | +saaq-2 vv

iqsisu- (i) be easily frightened

iqsitchaI- (t) to scare, frighten her/him/it | -tchak- vv -I-9 vv

iqsitchak- (i) to become frightened, afraid / iqsitchakłuni utiqsimammiuq taaġmi aisaqqaaqłuni she became frightened and came back after trying to go home in the dark | -tchak- vv

iqsittuala- (i) to experience extreme fear, terror | +ttuala- vv

iqsruk- to carry (her/him/it) on one’s shoulder / iqsrukługu aluaqsaani aggisuutigaa taġium siñaaniñ he brought the sack of coal from the beach by carrying it on his shoulder

iqsrIq- (i) to place something to carry on one’s shoulder; (t) to place something to be carried on her/his shoulder | ‘=Iq-2 nv

iqsruktuq- to carry (them) repeatedly on one’s shoulders (making several trips) / iqsruktuqługit tuttut umiamiŋnun agraġait they hauled the caribou to their boat by repeatedly carrying them on their shoulders | +tuq-2 vv

iqsu dandruff

iqsuk- (i) to respond negatively by wrinkling one’s nose (at her/him) / aġnaiyaaq qaliġuuramik naġġuvluni iqsuktuq the girl wrinkled her nose showing her dislike for the dress

iqsuq(-) break, cracking of scraped skin to be wetted for further tanning; (i) to be ready for tanning (of caribou skin); to break, crack; (t) to prepare a skin by cracking and tanning it @ iqsuqsI-

iqsuliŋa- (i) to be bumpy and rough (of dried hide) | +lI-2 nv +-ŋa- vv[?]

iqu- (i) to become distorted on one side, askew / atikłuiñ iquruq nuqitaaġuŋ your snowshirt has become askew, pull a little on it

>iquisit- looks crooked iquisinŋaruatun ittuq | +sit-nv

iquŋa- (i) to be askew, aslant, crooked / aguummaliani iquŋanaaqsimarani igittaa the baleen basket that he had made lopsided, he threw away | (ŋa- vv

iquraq- to make a face in contempt (at her/him) / iquraqtuq uqallaqummanni kasimaruani he made a face in contempt when they asked him to say something during the meeting | +raq-4 vv

iquq(-) tar remaining in smoking pipe; (i) to wipe oneself after defecating; (t) to wipe her/him after she/he has defecated | -q-5 nv

iqquk(-) buttock; heart, at cards; to thrust one’s buttocks out (at him, her, it) | ‘k nn

iquutiksraq toilet paper | :un1 vn +ksraq(-) nn

*iraq1 (root) width

iraġukkitchuaq (Nu) small pellet, e.g. in shotgun shell | +[ġ]uq2 n -kIt- nv +t/ruaq (part 3s)

iraġuqturuaq (Nu) large pellet, e.g. in shotgun shell | +[ġ]uq2 n +tu- nv +t/ruaq (part 3s)

irakIt- (i) to be narrow / atikłuk amitchuq, kaliku irakitchuq a snowshirt is slender, cloth is narrow | -kIt- rv

iraqtu- (i) to be wide, broad / kuuk iraqturuq, kamikłuuk sil,iktuk a river is broad, pants are wide | +tu- rv

iraqtuq- (Ti) (i) to become wide | +tu- nv ‘-q-1 vv

iraqtusI- (i) to become wide, widen; (t) to make it wider | +tu- rv +sI- vv

*iraq2 (root) small segment

iraqsrI-, (Ti) iraġrI- to cut (it=meat or tobacco) into tiny pieces | +qsraq2 rn =I-1 nv

iraqsraq pipe tobacco; crumb of food; (Ti) ground meat | +qsraq2 rn

iraqsraun tobacco pouch; (Nu) can of pipe tobacco / iraqsrausiuqtaa iġviamik she made him a tobacco pouch out of leather | :un3 nn

iratqI(-) to cut meat or maktak into small pieces; to prepare meat to eat by cutting, not cooking; bite-size cubes of meat | -tqI- nv

irgasIq- (i) to stealthily eat food which has been stored in a cache; (t) to eat it=food stored in a cache stealthily [why cache?]

irgasII- (t) to eat stealthily, to nibble away from her/his cache of food; to eat or nibble away at food, esp of animals eating people’s food supply | -I-7 vv

iri eye

iraġuq- or iraġuaq- (i) to hit or hurt one’s eye; (t) to hit or hurt her/his/its eye / tikkuaqsaqpaił,ł,uni saniġamiñiittuaq iraġuġaa abruptly moving to point at something, he poked the eye of the person next to him | +ġuq-3 or nv +ġuq3 nv -aq-3 vv

iraqumak lens of eye; iris of eye | +qumak nn

irgaak, irgak a pair of eyeglasses; goggles | perhaps +[g]ak nn -k (dual mkr)

irgaaq(-) monocle; to put eyeglasses on (her/him/it)

irgaak sullisik (Nu) glasses for working, reading, i.e. not snow goggles § see sulI- under su(-)

iriġruaġaq- (i) to look through binoculars, field glasses for a while; (t) to look at her/him/it through binoculars, field glasses for a while | +ġruaq nn +aq-1 nv

iriġruak binoculars, field glasses | +ġruaq nn -k (dual mkr)

iriġruaq(-) telescope, spyglass; to use the telescope, spyglass on (her/him/it) | +ġruaq nn § rel. qikŋuaqtuun

iriġutilik dog with circles around eyes | -ġun nn -lik1 nn

iriluk(-) one with bad eyesight; (i) to have bad eyes; to have trouble with one’s eyes / sanatummiruaq iriluksiŋavluni miqullail,l,aktuq she was such a clever seamtress and now her eyes are bad and she can’t sew any more | +luk(-)4 nn, vv

iriŋmigaq- to wink (at her/him) | -k-4 nv +mIk-1 vv +aq-1 vv

irisiñik eye cavity, eye socket | +siñik nn

irrIt- (i) to get something in one’s eye; (t) to cause her/him/it to get something in the eye / paniñi irriñman alukługu uyaġauraq piiġaa when her little daughter got something in her eye, she licked out the little piece of pebble (with her tongue) | ‘=It-3 nv

irriutaq foreign object in eye | ‘=It-3 nv :utaq1 vn

iriġI (Nu) or iraiyayuuq Northern shrike (Lanius excubitor)

iriq- (i) to hide oneself; (t) to hide her/him/it @ iriqsI- / iqsitchakłuni iriqtuq iglum tunuanun he got scared and hid behind the house

iriġaq (Ti) “hiding person”, prowler; (i) to play hide and seek | +[ġ]aq1 vn § syn iñuqqun

iriġauraq(-) game of hide and seek; (i) to play hide and seek / iriġauraqtuat aġiuŋamaruat aqulliq paqillaiqamirruŋ the hide-and-go-seekers quit playing when they couldn’t find the last one | +aq-1 vv :uraq-2 vv

iriġvIk (Nu) groove around outside of drum frame where the string rests in attaching the drumskin § syn kitigaġvIk

irrII- (i) to cache, bury a piece of meat underground

irit- (i) to fall from a height (not fall over)

iritqi- (Ti) to cut it=meat into small pieces § rel. iratqi-

irri severe cold weather

Irraasugruk February [lit. “extremely cold weather”] | ‘-aq6 nn -sugruk nn

irraIq- to become moderate after having been cold (of weather) / irraiġataġman il,il,gaat nasaiġutisuurut when the biting cold finally leaves, the children go about with their hoods down | :Iq-2 nv

irrail,aqpak (Nu) period of warm weather | -Il,aq nn +qpak(-) nn

irrail,uġaaq- to experience respite from cold weather | :Iq-2 nv -luġaaq- vv

irriġruaq extremely cold weather | +ġruaq nn

irrilIq- (i) to be extremely cold (of weather) / irriliġuuruq Utqiaġvik ukiumi the weather is usually extremely cold at Barrow during winter | +lIq-1 nv

irriŋŋuq- to become extremely cold (of weather) | -ŋŋuq- nv

irrisiun outdoor thermometer | +siun nn

irruaq- (t) to mimic her/him/it @ irruaqłIq- / irruaqłiqsuni samma tainnail,iñaqtuq if one mimics someone, one becomes that way || +kłIq-1 vv

irukkaq- or irupkaq- (i) to fall from a high place; to break off and fall off glacial ice, river bank; (t) to drop it from a high place

irukkaqtaq- or irupkaqtaq- (i) to tumble down | +t/raq-1 vv

irrusiq behavior, appearance § rel. irruaq- under it-

*iruq- (root) disapproval

iruġi- (t) to express disapproval of her/him when she/he acts wrongly publicly; (t) to be embarrassed by her/his obnoxious behavior; (t) to imitate her/him mockingly @ iruqłIq- / saŋutchiaqsimman iruġisuugaa when she starts talking bad to someone, he feels embarrassed for her (because of her behavior); iruġimmiñagu taavamna iñuk don’t imitate that person mockingly | +[g]i-2 rv

iruġnaq- (i) to act so that others are embarrassed by or disapprove of or dislike one’s behavior; to elicit unfavorable responses from others | +naq-1 vv

isa(-) moulting duck (that cannot fly); (i) to moult

isaaq- (i) to raise, extend, stretch out one’s arm or arms; to stretch out wings; (t) to raise, extend it=arm, wing / isaaqłuni tautuktinnialaruq he is trying to be noticed by raising his hand | +k-4 nv -aq-1 vv

isaaqtala- (i) to wave one’s arm(s), wings; (t) to wave at her/him/it | +k-4 nv -aq-1 vv +t/raq-1 vv -la- vv

isagniġum avvaŋa half a fathom (distance from neck to outstretched fingertip) | +k-4 nv +niQ1 vn :um (rel mkr) § see avvaq under avik-

isagniq fathom, a distance from fingertip to fingertip of person with outstretched arms / isagniqtun inniqsuq tautukkapku umiaq kiviŋaruaq taġiumi when I saw it, the sunken ship was about a fathom down in the ocean | +k-4 nv +niQ1 vn § also naaġniQ

isaġulik angel; something with wings | +ġuq2 n -lik1 nn

isaġuq wing / qaugaum isaġuŋanik tilaġġisiqaġuuruŋa I always use a duck’s wing as a broom | +ġuq2 nn

isaġutaq, isaġun projection, appendage, protuberance from something | +ġutaq nn

isak- (i) ? to stretch, raise, extend the arms; to now be obtained; (t) to reach and get it; to pick up a C.O.D. package at the post office @ isaksI- / qallun isaksaqługu qakpiuraniñ kataktittaġa I accidently let the cup drop as I reached for it from the cupboard | +k-4 nv || +sI-3 vv

isaqqi- (itta) Uvva uqallakasaktuq, uvvagguuq qafaunnii isaqqifaitchuq.

isaqqil,a- (i) to flap wings (of a bird); to dip the wings (of an airplane); to dip the airplane wings (at her/him) / isaqqil,aruq pialaaq tiŋiniatakłuni the young bird flapped its wings trying to take off | +ġuq2 rn ‘=Iq-1 nv -la- vv

isaqqil,auraq- (Ti) (i) to play a game where one hops on hands with feet twisted around arms, off floor (rope may be tied to person thus and he is dragged along) | +ġuq2 rn ‘=Iq-1 nv -la- vv :uraq-2 vv

isatigIt, (Nu) isatkIt (sing isatik) cartilage connecting ribs to breastbone; limbs; (Nu) upper ribs alongside sternum, short ribs | -n rn :It (pl mkr)

IsavIk or ItchavIk July [lit. “moulting time”] | +vIk1 vn

isaġuaq stomach lining § rel. isI, isiguraq

isaguti- to start, begin doing something (to her/him/it) § rel. aullaġnii-, sakkIq-

isagunŋa- (i) to continue to do something / qitiktuat isagunŋamaruat suli uvlaatchaurami takugapkich the competition games were still going strong when I checked on them early this morning | (ŋa- vv

isagutinaqsigaatigut this meeting is called to order (in parliamentary procedure) [lit “it is time for us to begin”] | +naq- vv +sI- nv +k/gaatigut (indic 3p)

isagvigi- (t) to fight her/him/it | +vIk1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

isauġIq- to enter and exit (it=usu a house) repeatedly § see isiq-

isavgaq baby walrus | +gaq4 n

isI1 drum skin

isiguraq (Ti) membrane as between shell and egg white or on meat | :uraq nn § rel. isaġuaq

isI- (i)? to now have a skin? (of drum); (t) to put a skin on it=drum | +k-4 nv

*isi2 (root) elongation, extended

isimŋaaq- (i) to be long, of a hill (stretched out, not sloping) / il,aŋiññi nunaurat maniġat isimŋaaqtut in some countries the hills are long | (ŋaaq- vv

isiptaq, (Nu) isipsaq or isivitaq stretched skin cut down the belly; anything stretched out and displayed (like polar bear rug) | +vit- vv :aq4 vn

isiqsruq- or isisiq- (i) to stretch one’s limbs | +qsruq-vv | +sIq-4 rv

isivit- (i) to be extended fully, flattened out; stand up straight from a stooped position; to stretch out from a fetal position; to be laid out (like wet clothing); to unwind (of thread); (t) to extend, stretch it out fully; to lay it all out @ isivsI-, (Nu) isipsI-, isivitchI- | +vit- vv

isivitchuktuaq part of trap which closes; trap spring | +vit- vv perhaps +suk-3 vv +t/ruaq2 (part 3s)

isivraagauraq(-) (Nu) trap spring; (i) to be wound (of spring) | perhaps =raaq-1 vv -gauraq vn

isivruġaq metal spring, mattress spring; pointed rods of baleen, approximately 6 inches in length, doubled up, wrapped in meat or fat and frozen; when swallowed by a wolf or bear it straightens out, thus piercing the stomach and causing death | +vit- vv =ruġaq vn

isivsala- (i) to be stretched out / isivsalavluni siñigniqsuq she saw that he was sleeping all stretched out | -vsak- vv -la- vv

isivsalaq-, isivsalaaq- (i) to lie stretched out | -vsak- vv -laq-2 vv

isivvaġIk- (i) to be standing erect, straight | +vit- vv ‘- Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

isivvaġiksI- (i) to get flat, straight § see *isi2

isik(-), pl itkIt leg skin of caribou; to put a skin on it (drum) / isiŋit alitchail,ivl,ugit ikugnaqtut one should try not to tear the skin when scraping the caribou skin

isiaq (Nu) webbing on duck’s feet | -aq6 nn

isigak or isigait foot | perhaps +[g]ak nn

isigagluk- (i) to have smelly feet | +gak2 nn +luk- nv

isigagmIk- (t) to push it with the sole of the foot, to move it by use of the feet / isigagmikł,ugu siku qauġaa he loosened the ice by pushing it with the sole of his foot | +gak2 nn +mIk-1 nv

>*isigauraġniaq (noun) (limited) the “very” feet / annuġaaqaġniqsuaq mitqusuŋaiññanik niaquuramiñiñ isigauraġniamiñun aglaan he had fur clothing from his small head to his feet | +[g]ak nn :uraq nn +niaq4 nn?

isigaurraaq- or isikkaurraaq- (i) to hurt one’s foot, to break one’s foot; (t) to hurt her/his foot, to break her/his foot / isigaurraaqtuq tunnami nunamun iglum qaaŋaniñ he broke his foot when he landed on the ground from the top of the roof | +urraaq- nv ‘- urraaq- nv

isikkaaŋa- (i) to have an injured foot; (t) to injure her/his/its foot | ‘-aq-3 nv (ŋa- vv

isikkI- to remove animal leg skin (usu caribou) by cutting around the hoof | | perhaps +[g]ak nn ‘=I-1 nv

isiktuuq a long winter boot made from caribou leg skins / isiktuugni upinġaksrami atuqługik maqunŋagaik he wore his caribou leg skin boots in the spring and ruined them | +tuuq1 nn

isiktuut (Ti) pair of knee-high caribou fur boots | +tuuq nn -t (pl mkr)

isil,ġIq- (i) to know right from wrong; (t) to correct her/his misunderstanding § rel. isivġIq-

isiŋnaq jade

isiq-1 (i) to enter; to be placed inside; (t) to enter, go into it; to bring her/him/it inside, to place her/him/it inside @ isiqsI- / iglualuk iqsigaluaŋŋaġmi isiġaa she entered the old house even though she was afraid

isaa- (i) to enter in larger numbers; to come in all at once; (t) to enter it in large numbers / upkuaq agmapqauraġmagu aġġil,iaqtuat isaarut as soon as she opened the door the crowd who came in to watch the Eskimo dance, came in all at once | -a-1 vv

isaaġaaq- (i) to go house to house; (t) to go in and out of them=houses

isauġIq- to enter and exit (it=usu a house) repeatedly / il,il,gaat isauġiqsuat natiqput ikkaktipasuuġaġigaat children going in and out of the house would quickly make the floor dirty again | -uġIq- vv

isiġiaq mouth of river; (Nu) entry, door | +iaq2 vn

isiġmiu- (i) to be indoors, inside; to stay in a cave during hibernation (of bears) / nukatpiaġruk isiġmiullaktuq uvlupak sil,a qiiyanaqpaił,ł,uni the boy stayed inside all day because the weather was so cold | +miu- vv

isiġmiuraaq- (i) to stay indoors for a while; (t) to visit and stay with her/him for a while / isiġmiuraapayugmiuq anisuumaqqaaqłuni he is staying indoors nicely after demanding to go out | +miu- vv +raaq-1 vv

isiġvIk parka ruff / isiġviñi nuutkaa panigmi atigitchiaŋanun she moved (attached) her own ruff to her daughter’s new parka

isiġvikpagaaq woman’s sunburst ruff of wolf sewn around wolverine fur on bleached seal skin / isiġvikpagaaq napatquruni turvigiksuksrauruq if you want your sunburst ruff to stand up well you need a good hard leather backing | +qpak(-) nn -aaq-2 nv

isiqattaaq- (i) to visit socially; (t) to visit her/him socially / isiqattaaġuupayukłuni uqallasuitkaluaqtuq at least he visits, although he doesn’t say anything | -qattaaq- vv

isiqsaaq- (i) to enter a river or bay; (Nu) to travel upstream on the ice or on land (not on water) | +saaq-1 vv

isiqsaġnaq ocean current flowing toward land | +saq-3 +naq2 vn

isiqsirI (Ti) policeman | +sI-6 vv +t/rI3 vn § syn tiguri

isiqsivIk jail | +sI-3 vv +vIk1 vn § syn tigutaaġvIk

isiqtaq one is jail serving time for crime | +t/raq4 vn

isiqtau- (i) to be in jail | +t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv

isiqtit- (t) to imprison, jail her/him | (tit- vv

isiqtuq- (i) to seep through crack, door or window (of snow, wind, smoke or water); (t) to seep through crack, door or window of her/his house (of wind, smoke or water) / avyum marra isiqtuġaatigut smoke is coming into our house | +tuq-2 vv

isirruġIk- (i) to be a frequent visitor; (t) to visit her/him frequently at her/his home; to go to it=church, museum, library frequently / isirruġiŋŋuqłuni amauluŋata pil,l,atugaa because she visits often, her great-grandparent favors her | -rruġIk- vv

isiuti- or itquti- (t) to bring her/him/it inside @ isiurrI- or itqurrI- / quaġumaugut una isiuttuuŋ take this in so we can eat some frozen meat | -uti-2 vv :uti-2 vv || -urrI- vv :urrI- vv

itqun admission charge | :un1 vn

isIq(-)2 smoke, cloud which forms over open water; (i) to smoke, make smoke to form cloud over open water / isiqsuŋnil,iqsimaruat quuqłiġutiqaqłuni puyuuġviŋat they (their house) had begun to smell of smoke because the damper was on (on the stovepipe) § rel. puyuq

isiġiak- (i) to be hazy, smoky because of fire in the distance (of sky) | +iak- nv

isiġl,uk- (i) to make smoke (of stove not working properly) | +luk-1 nv § rel. itchiala-

isiqsI- to become filled with smoke | +si-1 nv

isiqsiaq dried, smoked meat or fish; smoked tanned leather / iġviaq isiqsiaq naiññaraaġuugiga I love the smell of smoked tanned leather | +sI-1 nv (aq4 vn

Isiqsil,iġvIk (P.B.) March

isiqsuŋnIt- or isiġnIt- (i) to smell smoky | +sugnIt- nv or +nIt-2 nv

itchiala- (i) to smoke, burn, smoulder (of stove or heater backfiring to smoke because of closed draft) / itchialaruaq siuġruk anitkaa he took the smoking Coleman stove out | ‘=Iq-1 nv -ala- vv § rel. isiġluk-

isivannIq seal carcass buried in sand to cure

isivanniqsII- (i) to bury, cache a seal carcass so that it can ferment into a delicacy; (t) to bury it=seal carcass so that it can ferment into a delicacy | +nnIQ nn +[t]sii- vv

isivġIq- (i) to come out in the open (of evidence); (t) to judge her/him, to look over, examine, e.g. before making a choice

isivġII- (i) to judge many, to try out many, to take the best before others have their choice; (t) to judge or examine her/his property | -I-7 vv

isivġiqsi judge

isivġiun judgment | :un1 vn

isivruk- or isivruuraq- to whisper (to her/him) | :uraq-2 vv

isu end, e.g. of a word, book, long stick

isualik type of bow with straight ends; (Nu) bow with bent ends which are in line with each other | -aq6 nn -lik1 nn

isugluk end of a bone, loaf of bread, etc; (Ti) end of loaf of bread, etc. | -k5 nn +luk5 n § rel. aqullIQ

isuġaq harness rope; trace of a dog harness | +[ġ]aq1 vn § rel. qamuun

isuIt- (i) to be eternal, endless | :It- nv

isukłiġaq (Nu) short lower rib, floating rib | +llIQ nn +aq6 nn § rel. nuvuliġaq, nuvuliksraq

isukłIQ farthest extension of something | +k5 nn +llIQ nn

isukłIt- (i) to come to the end of something; for the end of something to be reached; by extension, to die; (t) to come to the end of it | +k5 nn +llIQ nn ‘=It-3 nv

isuŋŋaġluaq (Ti) jaeger | -ŋŋaq1 vn +luaq2 nn

isuŋŋaġluk or isuŋŋaaluk pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus) | -ŋŋaq1 vn +luk2 n

isuŋŋaQ long-tailed jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) / isuŋŋaich mannil,isuurut malġuugnik jaegers always lay two eggs | -ŋŋaq1 vn

isuŋŋatchiaq (Nu) long-tailed jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) | -ŋŋaq1 vn -tchiaq3 nn

isuutaq vertical line attaching net to ice hole; any line used for drawstring | -utaq1 nn, vn

Isuk Cape Halkett, Alaska ???

Isuŋmiut Cape Halkett people | +miut nn

isuma(-) mind; (i) to think / qanukkiaq una isumaqaqtuaq iglaġugnaqsivl,uni uqallaguuva I wonder what kind of a mind he has that he can always make anything he says sound funny

isumaaq- or isumaaluk- (i) to be worried and sad, to mourn, be full of remorse; to think something over, think of one’s plans / savaagiqami isumaaluutigirraqsigai akiil,ani when he lost his job, he started to worry about his bills | -aq-3 vv -luk-3 vv

isumaalugi- (t) to worry about her/him/it | -aq-3 vv -luk-3 vv +[g]i-1 vv

isumaaluun or isumaaluutaq source or cause of worry | -aq-3 -luk-3 :un1 vn or -aq-3 -luk-3 vv :utaq1 vn

isumagi- (t) to think about her/him/it | +[g]i-1 nv

isumaIq- (i) to go crazy, lose one’s mind | :Iq-2 nv § rel. kinnaġuq-

isumalaaq- (i) to think over carefully | -laaq-1 vv

isumalluaġIIt- (i) to be foolish, unwise | +lluaġIIt- nv

isumanikIt- (i) to be quick-tempered; to habitually act without thinking / isumanikitchuq qanaaqsaġnagu he has a quick temper, don’t try to argue with him | +niQ1 vn -kIt- nv

isumanŋu- (i) to hold a grudge; to feel bad | -nŋu-1 nv

isumanŋutchauti- (t) to argue heatedly with her/him; to hold a grudge against her/him / isumanŋutchautivlugu uqautitqiŋaitkaa since she started holding a grudge against her, she has not spoken to her | -nŋu-1 nv -tchak- vv :uti-2 vv

isumattun wisdom | +tu- nv “ti1 vn, rn

isumatu- (i) to be wise | +tu- nv

isummaaŋŋIt- to trouble, worry (her/him) | ‘-aq-3 nv (ŋIt- vv

isummaaq- (t) to please her/him; to treat her/him kindly, well / isummaaŋitkaaŋaasu aullautikamiuŋ umiaġa he sure didn’t please me when he took off with my boat | ‘-aq-3 vv

isummaaqłiqsuq- treats people well |

isummatigi- (t) to think over, ponder it | ‘-ti1 vn +[g]i- nv

isummIq- (i) to decide | ‘=Iq-1 nv

*isu >isunaq whale skin with blubber left to cure

isuq- (i) to be opaque, to be unclear, turbid, roily, muddy (of water) / imiqtaġvikput isuqsiŋamaruq the place where we get our water has become turbid

isuaġayak murky, muddy water | perhaps –aq-5 nv, vv -aq-1 vv -yak vn

isuġluk- (Ti) (i) to be dark and murky as before a storm (of sky or sea), to be murky, of water | +luk-1 nv

isuIt- to be clear, not muddy (of water) | :It- nv

isuqsI- to become unclear (of water) | +sI-1 vv

isvaq recently, a few days ago [Murdoch, 1890, p43 translates it as “the third day from the present either way, with all preceding or following days for a short period”]

it- (i) to exist, to be, to be present, to stay / nukatpiaq aapamisun ittuq the young man is like his father

ilġusiq (Ti) habit, custom | -lġusiq nn § rel. pil,ġusiq

irrusIq personality, disposition, character, behavior, psyche | +ruti1 vn ~Iq3 nn

irruti- (t) to treat her/him/it properly, right | +ruti-2 vv

irvIk place to be / irvianiñ piisimava is it gone from its place | +vIk1 vn

itqatau- (i) to be present as part of a group | (qan/ti vn :u-2 nv

ittuaq- (i) to sit quietly, to be idle / piallaqtugaluaqtuq il,aanni ittuallapayuktuq he is usually rambunctious, but sometimes he can sit quietly | +tuaq-1 vv

itcha skin for tent; canvas tent covering

itchat caribou skin tent cover made usually of six pieces of skin | +t (pl mkr)

itchaksrat six | +ksraq1 nn +t (pl mkr)

itchaksralik canvas tent (12 foot by 14 foot) with six panels | +ksraq1 nn –lik1 nn

ItchaksriġñiQ Saturday | +ksraq1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv +niQ1 vn

ItchaksrIq- (i) to be Saturday (with pl subj) / Itchaksriqpata takuniaġniraġa I told her I would go see her on Saturday / Itchaksriqsugut it is Saturday | +ksraq1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

itchalik skin-covered tent (including cover and frame) | -lik nn

itchauq- (Nu) to cover it with a tarpaulin, skin (refers to outside of house, gargi)

itchaataaq- (i) to go to bed (used with children) / itchaataaġiñ, aiy let’s put you to bed, okay?

itchauraq mesentery apron, fat found around animal intestines, esp in ruminants § rel. itchiaq(-)

itchiaq(-) (Nu) membrane, e.g. inside eggshell or internal organs; (i) to have a membrane stretched over it; (t) to stretch a membrane over it § rel. itchauraq

itchuaq- (i) to peek, look in; (t) to peek at her/him, to look in on her/him / siqutqiŋaruq amma nukaaluiñ itchuaġuŋ check on your younger sibling who is taking a nap

itchuaġiaq rear sight on gun | +iaq2 vn

itchuq- or itchuqtaaq- (i) to go outside in early morning right after awakening / itiqami itchuqtaaġiaġuuruq sil,agiitkaluaŋŋaan whenever he wakes up, he goes outside to fully wake up no matter if the weather is bad | +taaq-1 vv

iti- (i) to be deep / itiruaqsiuqługu kuukkun ikaaqtut they are crossing the river keeping to the deeper areas § rel. aŋil,uġnaq, qaglu

itaquuraq (Nu) drain hole, hole, e.g. in ice into which water flows | perhaps +quq vn :uraq1 nn

itauri- (i) to make rings (of object falling into water) | perhaps -u-4 vv -rI-3 vv § rel. taqammuq- [jmn]

itiqquuraq1 place where a stone has sunk swiftly into water | -qq- vv -u-4 vv +raq1 vn

itiqquuri- or itauri- (i) to cause something to sink immediately without splashing / uyaġagmik itiqquuriruq taġiumun she made the stone sink quickly without splashing into the ocean | -qqi- vv -u-4 vv -rI-3 vv

itiqsraq dimple; low spot in ground; (Ti) low spot in floor of ice cellar / itiqsramun mauvluni siŋiġñiġurraaqtuq he stepped into a low spot in the ground and hurt his ankle | +qsraq2 vn

ititilaaġun device made from a rope with a rock at the end to measure depth of water, sounding line | (tilaaq- vv :un1 vn

itigaq- (i) to fail to penetrate target (of bullet or arrow); to fail to do; (t) to fail to pentrate target (of arrow, bullet); to fail to accomplish it=what one sets out to do @ itigaI- / itigaġaa airani paniurani she failed to get her daughter when she went to get her / tuttu qaġrum itigaġaa the bullet failed to penetrate the caribou | -gaq-1 v || -I-7 vv

itigaġi- (t) to have it=task as one’s failure and make no further attempts to do it | -gaq-1 vv +[g]i-1 vv

itigaurraq- (i) to fail to do something or fail to get what one wants because of not being allowed / tautugiakasakkaluaqtaqpiñ itigaurraqtakasagmiruami I went over to see you several times but was not allowed to see you | -gaq-1 v -urraq- vv

itiġiaq(-) weasel, ermine (Mustela erminea); (i) to catch a weasel | +t-2 nv

itiġiaqpak mink | +qpak nn

itik- to have an attack of diarrhea

itigiaq- (i) to experience an attack of diarrhea | -giaq- nv

itikpaługiaq- or ?itikpaġugiaq- (i) to spurt out very soft stool | -k-4 nv -pak(-)3 vv -łuk1 nn -iaq-5 vv

itiksi- (Ti) (i) to have diarrhea | -k-4 nv +sI-5 vv

itiksraluaq- (i) to spurt forth | +ksraluaq- nv

itiktaq- (i) to have diarrhea / itiktaliġman uil,amik palauvaaqtuqtitkaa when he developed diarrhea she had him eat a mixture of uncooked flour and water | -k-4 nv -t/raq-1 vv

itisiaq(-) (Nu) diarrhea; (i) to have an attack of diarrhea | +siaq(-)2 nn

itiq- (i) to wake up § rel. makit-

itaa- (i) to wake up (of many persons) | -a- vv

itiġiaq- (i) to awaken early | +iaq-5 vv § rel. iqiiġñaġiaq-

itiqsaq- (t) to wake her/him up @ itiqsaI- | +saq-3 vv

itivlI- (i) to act unconsciously while asleep, e.g. sleepwalk, talk in one’s sleep | -vlI- vv

itquma- (i) to be awake | :uma- vv

itqutaq(-) breakfast; (i) to eat breakfast | :utaq1 vn

itqutchIq- (i) to eat breakfast / quanik itqutchiġuuruagut miŋuaqtuġvigmi mikiŋŋapta we used to have frozen meat for breakfast at school when we were young | :utaq1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

itiq anus; southern, inland end of lake; sea anemone

itiġlak small pouch-like section in back of woman’s parka and snowshirt hood / amaunnat itiġlaqaġuurut the parkas used for packing babies have a pouch-like section on the back of the hood | +lak2 nn

itiġruk small groove on end of arrow, notch where bowstring fits; shell cartridge | +ruk3 nn

itiġrukpak or itiqsrukpak used shotgun shell / itiġrukpaŋmik sikuliġaa ikuutini she used a shotgun shell as a point for her skin scraper | +ruk3 nn +qpak(-) nn

itiġuq sour urine; ammonia | +ġuq2 nn

itiġvalugun (Nu) short piece of wood lengthwise on which one sits in kayak (above qukhak) | +lugun nn

itiqsiun (Ti) enema | +siun nn § rel. anaqtitaun

itiqsiutit- (Ti) (t) to give her/him an enema | perhaps +siun nn +t-2 nv

itiqquuraq little finger; string figure | +quq nn :uraq1 nn § rel. iqitquuraq

itiqsiñiQ spot on mammals, esp whales, between head and body where mammal can be killed with a direct harpoon hit / itiqsiñġa nalaułługu tuqutiġaa aġviq he shot the whale right on its vulnerable spot and killed it quickly | +sI-7 nv +niQ1 vn

itivit- (i) to portage; to travel, fly over a land mass instead of over the water along the coast (of ducks as they migrate); to take a shortcut; (t) to jump over, go over, cross over (instead of going around), and come down the other side of it=e.g. hill, table, chair / qaukkiaqtuat inuqługit qaugait itivittaqtut Piġnikun the ducks would fly over Piġniq without reaching the waiting hunters | +vit- vv

itimniq shallow part of river with sandy riverbank; (Nu) rapids, shallow part of river with swift water | +mniQ1 vn

itipqataq(-) (Nu) that which has been gone over; (i) to go over, pass over something repeatedly | =qataq- vv?

itiptiġvIk (Ti) a portage | =tiq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

itivlIq portage, place to cross / itivlimun tikiññami qayyani tigumiaqługu ikaaqtuq when he reached the portage he carried his kayak across | =liq-4 vn

itivyaaq portage (more common usage) / itivyaakun umiaqtiŋ ikaaġutigaat they transported their boat across the portage | =yaaq2 vn

Itivyaat (Ti) ancient people living underground in a site two or three miles east of Point Hope, Alaska; they hunt whales; only the shamans can visit them; it is believed that the spirits of these ancient people are still present | =yaaq2 vn -t (pl mkr)

itkauraq or ikkauraq five-gallon can

itkIq or ikkIq gum of mouth

itlusaun (Nu) round stone used with a sling § see illut-

itluutik (Nu) sling with two strings § see illut- rel. illuun

itnaq- (Nu) (i) to say, do thus; (t) to say or do thus to her/him/it § see it-

itpaksraq day before yesterday / itpaksraġu in the near future

*itqa (root) to be prepared

itqanaIq- (i) to be now ready; (t) to have made it ready @ itqanaiqsI- / itqanaiqsuq tiŋŋun tikiñŋaiñŋaan he was ready before the plane arrived | +naq-1 rv :Iq-2 vv

itqanaIt- (i) to be ready, prepared / itqanaitchut ikka niqit niġisiññaagurut the food is already prepared over there, ready to be eaten | +naq-1 rv :It-1 vv

itqanaiyaq- (i) to get ready (in the process); (t) to make her/him/it ready @ itqanaiyaI- / itqanaiyaivl,uni aullaqsaqtuanik aptallaktuq uvlupak he was busy all day long getting things ready for the people who were leaving | +naq-1 rv :Iyaq vv § rel. sannaġi-

itqaq- to recall, call to mind, remember (her/him/it) | perhaps -qaq-1 nv

itqaumman or itqaun or itqaqtaun memory, ability to remember | -u-4 vv +ma-1 vv ‘-n1 vn or ‘-n1 vn or +t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn

itqauma- or itqagi- to keep in mind, remember (her/him/it) | :uma- vv

itqatigi- (t) to stay by, be with her/him; to live with her/him § see it-

itqIq louse egg

Itqil,iaġruit Kobuk River people | -liq6 nn -aq6 nn, rn -aġruk nn :It1 nn (pl mkr)

itqil,iaġruun Kobuk song |-liq6 nn -aq6 nn -aġruk nn :un/ti nn

Itqil,Iq Indian | -liq6 nn -aq6 nn -aġruk nn

itqil,iġruaq (Nu) wooly lousewort (Pedicularis lanata) | -liq6 nn -aq6 nn -aġruk nn

itqil,iun Indian song | -liq6 nn :un/ti nn

itqirvik sled bag

itquk (Nu) buttock § see iqquk(-)

itquq- (i) to sit on eggs in nest

itquŋa- (i) to be nesting, sitting on eggs | (ŋa- vv

itraIq- (Nu) for a slight (warm) wind to come up § see irri

itraIt- (Nu) (i) for there to be a little (warm) wind § see irri

ittuk- (i) to make a continual roaring sound, as a fire, primus stove, engine, etc.

ittugluk- (i) to make a repeated noise | +luk-3 vv

ittutit- (i) to make a loud noise (of engine) | -tit-2 vv

ittugluuraq (ittuktuuraq?) kerosene lamp which makes a roaring sound; primus stove | +luk nn :uraq1 nn

ituk lump of congealed milk found in stomach of caribou calf

itummak (P.B.) or utummak palm of hand / itummagni pauvliġmagnik sumik niġiurraqsisuuruq when her palms itch she starts expecting something | -mmak n

iva- (i) to bear a litter; to whelp; lay eggs and sit on them; (Ti) to feed and care for young (of animals); (t) to care for them=young

ivaaq young of an animal | (aq4 vn

ivalik- or ivałłuaq- (i) to walk swinging one’s arms / ivałłuaqtuq aŋun pisuaqtuaq sukasaqpaił,ł,uni the man’s arms were swinging as he was walking fast | perhaps -lik-2 vv +łłuaq- rv § syn autkaq- § perhaps derived from ivaq-2

ivalu(-) thread, sinew, dental floss; (t) to thread it / ivalu piaqqaaqługu atuqtuni nuŋuqsruyaipayaaqtuq when the thread is waxed before it is used, it doesn’t wear away as much

ivaluġluk (Ti) whale sinew | +qłuk nn

ivaluliñiQ large back muscle; meat strip taken out from back muscle | +liñiQ rn, vn

ivalupiaq sinew (i.e. not thread or dental floss) / ivalupiaq kiktuġaqsiġiiñŋuqtuq the sinew thread is better because it is not as apt to break | -piaq2 nn

ivaluuraaq one of two neck sinews | :uraaq2 nn -k (dual mkr) § rel. kiglasuiññaq

ivaluvIk long sinew on back of caribou’s leg | +vIk2 nn

ivaq-1 (t) to search for her/him/it @ ivaqłIq- || +kłIq-1 vv

ivaġiatchi- to miss (her/him) who has left (esp one who helps one often) | +iatchI- vv

ivvaġlua- to overlook it=object that one is looking for / ivvaġluagaa quliakasakkaluaġiga she kept failing to see the object although I kept telling her where it was | ‘-ġluk vv -a-2 vv

ivvaġluk- (t) to not find it; to search and not find it maybe because one did not search thoroughly

ivaqłia- (i) to be searching intently everywhere

ivaqłIq- (i) to be searching

ivaq-2 (t) to stretch it=animal skin on frame to dry @ ivaqsI- § rel. iññiaq-, aak-

ivaġutik (sing ivaġun) stretcher for land animal skin | +un1 vn -k (dual mkr) § rel. iññiutaq

ivaqtaq skin stretched on a wooden frame | (t/raq4 vn § rel. aaktaq

ivayaq- (t) to get more than one should from her/him; to take away a necessary part from it=engine, any whole with parts (Ti); (i) to ask a whaling captain and his wife for gifts, when he catches his first whale (a tradition); (t) to ask him=whaling captain for gifts @ ivayaI- || -I-7 vv

ivayaqtuq- to defraud (her/him); to rob (her/him) @ ivayaqtuI- / ivayaqtuivl,uni tauqsiġñiaġviŋmiñ aŋupkaqtuq he was embezzling from the store and got caught | +tuq-2 vv

ivguqsI- (Nu) (i) to cut sod § see ivruq(-)

ivguqsiñ (Nu) sod pick, long stick with a bone end for cutting sod; the constellation Cassiopeia § see ivruq(-)

iviaŋŋIQ woman’s breast | +ŋŋIQ n syn miluk

iviġaaq (Nu) sinew along front of caribou leg, used for play by rolling it on a stick § rel. iviq-, sivuġaġluqun, sivuġaġlugun

iviġak- (i) to be pleased; (t) to please her/him @ iviġaI- / iviġaŋitkaluaġaaŋaasu tunimmauŋ umiani he sure didn’t please me at all when he sold his boat || -I-7 vv

iviġagi- (t) to approve of her/him/it / iviġagigaa savaktini iñugigman he approves of his worker because he is considerate | +[g]i-1 vv

iviġanaq- (i) to be pleasing, satisfactory | +naq-1 rv

iviġauma- (i) to be content, satisfied, be pleased; to be in favor, in agreement during a meeting | -uma- rv

iviġaumagi- (t) to be content, satisfied, pleased with her/him/it; to be in favor, in agreement with it=motion during a meeting | -uma- rv +[g]i-1 vv

iviġaumaIt- (i) to be displeased, opposed to it=motion during a meeting | -uma- rv :It-1 vv

iviġaun cause for contentment, satisfaction | :un1 vv

ivik or ivigaaq blade of grass / ivignik pukuqqaaqłuni utkusik palaŋŋaktaaġaa after picking some grass she lessened the mess she needed to clean off of the pot | +gaq3 nn -aq6 nn

ivigirrat fresh green grass | perhaps :Iq3 nn -rraq1 vn -t (pl mkr)

ivigruaq blade of dead grass; tall grass / ivigruanik pukukłuni kukuutiniktuq he picked some dead grass and found some kindling | +ġruaq1 nn -t (pl mkr)

ivvI- (i) to grow (of grass); (t) for grass to grow on it=earth | ‘=I-1 nv § see ivik

ivvimaniġruuraq (Nu) something overgrown with grass | ‘=I-1 nv +ma-1 vv +niQ1 vn +ruk3 nn :uraq1 nn

ivik- (i) to wipe one’s hands and mouth; (t) to wipe her/his hands and mouth / ivikkaluaġnani argagni aluksiññaġik instead of wiping her fingers, she just licked them clean

ivgun towel, napkin, rag / atikłuni ivgutigivlugu ippallakkaa she kept using her snowshirt as a wiping cloth and eventually ended up with it dirty | :un1 vn

ivil,uq or uvil,uq seashell, mollusk / ivil,unik pukullaturuq she likes to pick up seashells

iviq- to fit (it) / upkualiaŋa ivilluataqtuq the door he made fits perfectly / qaliġuuratchiaksrautini iviġaa her new dress fits

iviqtit- (i) to go back into same condition as before; (t) to make it go back into same condition or position as before / salummaġaluaqtuniunnii inauraq iviqtitchuktuq no matter how much we clean the room, it always goes back to being messy | (tit-1 vv

iviqtitaġaat or (Nu) iviqtitaġaq jigsaw puzzle | (tit-1 vv -t/raġaaq(-) vn -t (pl mkr)

ivisaaq ochre, red stone used to stain wood or hide, esp a wolverine hide | -saaq3 nn

ivl,auq animal fetus § rel. iva-

ivl,aulik pregnant animal | -lik1 nn

ivl,uq- (i) to bow one’s legs

ivl,uŋa- (i) to be bow-legged | (ŋa- vv

ivl,uuk bowlegs

ivraġun, (Nu) ipraġun dog muzzle § see ipi-

ivrI- (Ti) (t) to bother someone § see ipi-

ivriññik- (Ti) (i) to bother someone § see ipi-

ivruattuq- or (Ti) ivruaqtuq- (i) to gasp, be unable to catch breath when swimming, walking into the wind or getting in contact with something cold / ipiġaqami imaq sitqumiñuaglaaġman ivruatturraqsiruq as she was wading, she started gasping as the water reached her knee | +tuq-3 rv § see ipi-

ivruq(-) sod for use on house, in cellar, grave; (i) to now have sod on it; (t) to put sod on, around it=house, grave | +ruq1 rn § rel. ivik

ivruqsI- (i) to put thick pieces of sod on house wall | +ruq1 rn +sI-5 vv

Ivruqsii constellation “Cassiopeia” [lit “sod pick” so named because the shape of the constellation is said to resemble a tool used to dig sod or moss]

ivruqsiñ sod pick | +ruq1 rn +sI-5 vv ‘n vn

ivrulik sod house | +ruq1 rn -lik1 nn

ivsa(Q), (Nu) ipsaQ juice of fruit, meat, vegetables; saliva, bodily fluid; sap of tree / mikigam ivsaŋa tivraġipaluktuq boy, the juice of the fermented whale meat and muktuk is really delicious § rel. quġliaq, utratchiaq, imaq

ivsak- (i) to become saturated with moisture; (t) to become saturated (OBJ)/ nuna ivsaktuq or nuna ivsakkaa the ground became moist | ‘-k2 nv

ivsaiġutipkaq- (i) to become ice bound (of a boat); (t) to cause it to become dry, dehydrated, evaporated | :Iq2 nv +uti-2 vv +pkaq-1vv

ivsaiġuti- (t) to be icebound (OBJ) / ivsaiġutigaatigut we are ice bound | :Iq-2 nv :uti2- vv

ivsaiq- to be now deplete of liquid; (t) for the body of water to be now depleted | :Iq-2 nv

ivsIq- to provide (it) with liquid; / ivsiġil,aqłuŋa imiġulipaluktuŋa because of eating without any liquid, I really became thirsty | :Iq-1 vv

ivsuk- (i) to shake, e.g. in the wind; (Ti) to brush snow off of oneself; (t) to shake it out to remove dust, snow, etc.; (Ti) to brush snow off it=one’s clothing @ ivsuksI- / tanŋIt tautuqqaaqamisigik il,aliruat ivsugnisuuŋagait when the Iñupiat first saw white men shaking hands, they described them as flapping || +sI-3 vv

ivsuktaq- (i) to flap repeatedly in the wind; (t) to shake it out repeatedly to remove dust, sand, snow, etc. / iluqaisa aniłługIt uqummatitik ivsuktaġai she took all the bedding outdoors and shook it out | +t/raq-1 vv

ivsula- (i) to flap rapidly in the wind | -la- vv

ivuluk- (i) to flap | -luk-3 vv

ivsulik- (i) to be wet from rain (of ground, plants) | -lik-2 vv

ivsuligaq- to get wet walking through plants, bushes wet with rain | -lik-2 vv +aq-1 vv

ivu- to form pressure ridges (of ice)

ivuaqpaluk- or ivuvaaluk- (i) to make the sound of pressure ridges forming (of ice) / ivuaqpaluktuamik tusaapqaqamiŋ aiñmun qimaktut as soon as they heard the sound of ice pressure ridges forming they fled toward home | +aq-1 vv +p/valuk- vv | +vaaq- vv -luk-3 vv

ivuktaq- (Nu) (i) to flap in the wind (also, for an ear to make this noise, indicating that a wind is coming) | -ktaq- vv

ivuniġauraq small ice pressure ridge | +niQ1 vn :uraq1 nn

ivuniQ ice pressure ridge | +niQ1 vn

ivuniqpaaluk big ice pile, pressure ridge | +niQ1 vn +paaluk nn

ivugaq pintail duck (Anas acuta); mallard (Anas platyrhychos) | +gaq3 n

ivutuq lamb § syn imnaiyaaq

ivvaq- or ivvaqtuq- (i) to take a bath; (t) to bathe her/him/it § see uvvaq-

*ivya (root) faintness

ivyanŋu- (i) to be short of breath, to feel faint / ivyanŋuliġaluaqama iglu uunaqpaił,ł,uni aniruami the house was so hot and I got short of breath, so I went out | +nŋu-1 vv

ivyanŋunaq- (i) to be stuffy (of a room) / iñuukkaqpaiñman inauraq ivyanŋunaqsisuuruq when a room has too many people in it, it becomes hard to breathe (in there) | +nŋu-1 vv +naq-1 vv

ivyanŋuq- (i) to have a hard time breathing because something is covering one’s face, or because of asthma | +nŋuq- rv

iyaġałqhaq or iyaġałłaq or iyaġarġaq (Nu) knife sheath

iyuaqsuġaq (Ti) goalpost (in Iñupiaq football)

iyyaġrIq (Nu) black bear § see iggaġrIq

K

ka1 (Nu) (excl) go ahead! go on! (pronounced kya)

*ka2 (deep root) descending § see *kat § rel. kaniQ(-), kanġaq-, katak-

*ka3 (deep root) impact, contact § see karuk-, kasak-, kasuk-, kasuq-, kati-, katit-, kauk-

kaak- (i) to be hungry

kaalIq- (i) to become hungry | -lIq-3 vv

kaagnaq famine | +naq2 vn

kaaksiu- (i) to suffer from hunger | +siu- vv

kaaŋniuq- (Ti) (i) to be starving | +nniuq- vv

kakkaaq- (i) to never have enough to eat; to starve to death | [?] +kaaq- vv

kargu(-) starvation? (i) to be starving / kargum tuqutqayaġaatigut taquagił,ł,uta we nearly starved to death because we did not bring food along | [?] =rgu- vv

kaapi (Ti & PB) coffee § see kaavi

kaaraq (Ti) car [ENG “car”]

kaasi or aasi (excl) that’s enough! don’t! stop it!

kaat- (i) to be now split into two layers; (t) to cut, split it=walrus hide into two layers for boat cover; (Ti) (t) to slice it=layer of blubber from whale skin, leaving the maktak; to slice blocks of snow for snow shelter @§ kaatchI- || +sI-3 vv

kaamniq carpenter | +mniQ1 vn

kaataq (Ti) maktak which has thick blubber sliced off; block of hard snow for building a snow house | (aq4 vn

kaatchI- (i) to cut up a skin into sections / kaatchiruq amaġum amianik isiġviksranik she is cutting the wolf skin into several parka ruffs | +sI-3 vv

kaattiq- to cut blocks of hard-packed snow for a house / kaattiġaich aputit he is cutting blocks of snow | +tiq-2 vv

kaattaq(-) (Nu) playing card [ENG “card”] ; (i) to play cards § rel. piannaq(-)

kaavi (“v” is pronounced “f”) or (Ti & PB) kaapi [ENG] coffee

kaaviliuġun coffee pot

kaimit- (t) to push it=boat off into water; to shove it in § see kiamit-

kaimġuaġvIk sled handlebar § see kiamġuaġvik

kaimġuaq- (i) to push a sled while holding on to the handlebar; to pole a kayak against the current pushing sticks or poles into river bottom; (t) to push it=sled or load on sled while holding on to the handlebar; to pole it=kayak against the current pushing sticks or poles into river bottom | -ġuaq2 vv § see kiamġuaq-

kaimġuun one of a pair of poles used to pole a kayak § see kiamġuun

kaimŋuġaq- (i) to push a heavy sled while holding on to the handlebar § see kiamŋuġaq-

kaipsiqsuġvIk (Nu) barrel of gun § see kiapsiqsuġvik

kaivl,uaq- to push (it=sled) along while holding on to its handholds from behind § see kiavl,uaq

kaivl,uI- (i) to stuff things into a sack; (t) to stuff it=sack with things, to plug it=hole § see kiavl,uI-

kaivl,uk- to push (it, usu a heavy sled) by the hand holds § see kiavl,uk

kaivl,uun sled stanchion § see kiavl,uun

kaipik- (t) to fit it together, making edges overlap; to go or pass it=a 12 hour time period esp to sleep or go without sleep for more than 12 hours § see kiapik-

kaipiksi- (i) to cross one’s arm

kaipiksimaaq- (i) to have the arms crossed § see kiapiksi-

kaipiktit- (i) to work, travel or do something longer than one had planned; to be fitted on, connected to something; to spend more time on something than expected § see kiapiktit-

kaippaQ joint, articulation (esp of pieces of wood) § see kiappaQ

kaipqaq- (i) to keep on going without expected stop, to go beyond what one intended to do | >=qaq-3 rv, vv see kiapqaq-

*kaiv (root) circular motion

kaipsaq(-) (Ti) toy top, spinning top; to play with a toy top § see kiapsaq(-)

kaipsaluaġun (Nu) a ring encircling something, e.g. ring of willows around outside of tent § see kiapsaluaġun

kaipsalugaq(-) (Nu) willow ring for game through which players try to throw a spear; (i) to play a game in which one tries to throw a spear through a ring of willows § see kiapsalugaq(-)

kaipsaluqtaq (Nu) something round § see kiapsaluqtaq

kaipsaluqtuaq (Nu) circle § see kiapsaluqtuaq

kaivit- (i) to circle around, to spin § see kiavit-

kaivaaġnI- (i) to sit in a circle formation | -ni-vv § see kiavaaġnI

kaivaaŋa or kaivyaaŋa- (i) to be dizzy, disoriented § see kiavaaŋa

kaivaġun ring, e.g. around sun, brim of hat § see kiavaġun

kaivaġutiqaq- (i) for the sun to have a ring around it; (t) to have a circle around it § see kiavaġutiqaq-

kaivallagniq one hour § see kiavallagniq

kaivallagun (Nu) circle § see kiavallagun

kaivallak- or kaivaluisaaq- (i) to go around in a circle once; (t) to move in a circle around it once § see kiavallak-

kaivalugaaq- (Nu) to go partway around (it) § see kiavalugaaq-

kaivaluk- to go around (her/him/it) in circles; (i) to move in a circle § see kiavaluk-

kaivraaq(-) whirlpool, eddy; (i) to spin, to turn around § see kiavraaq(-)

kaivraġun halo around sun § see kiavraġun

kaivrak or (Nu) kaivraun grindstone § see kiavrak

kaivsaaq(-) toy top, spinning top; to play with a top § see kiavsaaq(-)

kaivrik- (Nu) (i) to break up, as earth in a quake | =vrik- vv

kakak- to carry (it) on one’s shoulders or back of neck / kakakkaa puukataq ikaaqsaqamiuŋ kuuk ipiġaqłuni he carried the sack across on his shoulders as he waded across the river

kakaaq- to carry (her/him) sitting on one’s shoulders with her/his legs around neck / tutaaluni kakaaġuugaa atigaa naktiłługu qaumiñun when he carries his grandchild on his shoulders, he fits his grandchild’s parka on his forehead | -aq-1 vv

kakaaqsIq- (i) to be carried sitting on another’s shoulders / aġnaiyaaq kakaaqsil,l,aturuq aapamiñi the girl likes to be carried sitting on her father’s shoulders | -aq-1 vv +[t]sIq- vv

kakakti (Nu) beast of burden | +t/rI3 vn § rel. nanmakti

kakavyak- (i) to become dizzy from breathing fumes, become asphyxiated | -vyak- vv

kakI- (i) to prick oneself, to tattoo; (t) to prick, fork her/him/it / kakiruq mitqunmik miqullaġmi she pricked herself with a needle while sewing

kakiak(-) (Ti) roasting spit; (t) to put it=meat on a spit for roasting; (Nu) two-pronged fish spear, leister (dual) @§ kakiaksI- | -ak2 nn

kakiaq prong of fish spear / kakirrak tammaqsimaraik he lost the two hooks or prongs (for the fish spears) | (aq4 vn

kakil,aġnaq or kakil,asak tiny fish [kakilisak = stickleback, (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in “Meddelelser Om Grnland” Dictionary of West Greenland Eskimo Language by Schultz-Lorentzen, 1927] | -lasak vn

kakil,l,aġnaq thorn | -llaq-1 vv +naq2 vn

kakil,l,aurI- (i) to feel “pins and needles” in one’s limbs / sitquŋavaił,ł,uni niuŋik kakil,l,auriruk he was kneeling so long his legs got “pins and needles” | - llaq-1 vv :u-2 vv -rI-3 vv

kakiñiQ tattoo anywhere on body | +niQ1 vn § rel. avalliik see iqiġun

kakipl,ugun (Nu) cramp, stitch in side, abdomen | ?-p- +lugun nn

kakipl,ugusIq- (Nu) (i) to get a cramp, stitch in one’s side, abdomen | ?-p- +lugun nn ~Iq-1 nv

kakiuraq fork | +uraq1 vn

kakiutchIq- (t) to make a stitch on it=toe of boot sole to mark it and serve as a guide; (Ti) to attach it=sole to body of boot | +un1 vn ‘-Iq-1 nv

kakivyuġaun or kakivyuutaq small, sharp pain, “stitch” in side when running | -vyu- vv -gaq-1 vv :un1 vn, -vyu- vv +utaq vn

kakivyuun sudden sharp pain on one’s side; (Ti) sudden sharp pain anywhere | -vyu- vv :un1 vn syn kakipl,ugun

kakivyuutchIq- (i) to get a sharp sudden pain in one’s side | -vyu- vv :un1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv syn kakipl,ugusIq

kakkigauraq small safety pin, straight pin | ‘-n1 vn +gaq4 nn :uraq1 nn

kakkiñ or kakkisi safety pin; staple; (Ti) pin | ‘-n1 vn

kakkirvIk or kakkivIk pincushion | ‘=It-3 nv +vIk1 vn

kakitl,ugun (Nu) good fatty meat found inside caribou eye socket; string of beads worn under the nose | ?+t- +lugun nn

kakkiaq bolt of fabric

kalalliaq king, at cards

kakkIk(-) nasal mucus; (i) to blow, wipe one’s nose; (t) to wipe her/his nose / nuvakpaił,ł,uni kakkiñŋulil,l,aktuq he had such a bad cold that he got tired of blowing his nose

kakkiiyaun handkerchief | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

kakkil,I- (i) to have a runny nose | -lI-3 nv

kakkil,iqta- or kakkil,iqtaq- (i) to sob, making a sniffling sound | -liq-3 nv -qta- vv

kakkiviaq or kakkivIk philtrum, groove on upper lip under nose; upper lip, entire area under nose | -viaq2 rn -vIk3 nn

kakkiuraq (Ti) seal oil lamp made of bottom of tin can | :uraq1 nn § rel. naniq, tuniqtaq, qullIQ

kala(-) [ENG] color; to color (it)

kalauraaq(-) coloring picture (i) to color leisurely | -uraaq-1 vv

Kali Point Lay, Alaska

kaliku [ENG] calico, fabric

kalikuġruaq heavy dark canvas, tarpaulin | +ġruaq1 nn

kalikuuraat scraps of cloth | +uraaq2 nn -t (pl mkr)

kali something being dragged, towed

kaligaq- to drag (it) accidentally | -gaq- vv

kalikłuk piece of driftwood / kalikługnik pukuktuq sanaaksramiñik he gathered some pieces of driftwood to use for whittling | -kłuk(-) nn :It (pl mkr)

kalikłuk- (i) to have asthma, to have a hard time breathing, to wheeze | -kłuk(-) nn

kalikłuk- or kaliukłuk- or kalikhaaq- or kaliukhaaq- to drag (it) carelessly, roughly, accidentally; to rub against (it) and cause (it) to fall while going past carelessly / kalikuġruaq kalikłuktuġaa uniamiñun he dragged the canvas roughly to his sled / kaliukłukługu qallutini kuvigaa she carelessly caught and dragged her cup as she passed by and spilled it / kalikhaaġuuruq kamimiñik siŋiyuił,ł,uni he is always dragging his boots because he does not tie his boot strings | +kłuk(-) nn +t-3 nv :uk-2 vv +kłuk(-) nn -khaaq- vv; +t-3 nv :uk-2 vv -khaaq- vv

kaliksraq- to drag (it) along (not purposely) / kaliksraŋaiġuŋ atigin stop dragging your parka | -k-4 nv +qsraq-1 vv

kaliksIq- (i) to be dragged, to be towed / usiaqsiqsuaq aqumi katakhuni kaliksiqsuularuq the one who was riding in the back almost fell and was dragged for a while | -k-4 nv +t[s]Iq- vv

kalimniq (Ti) chain | +mniq nn

kalit- to drag, tow (her/him/it) / natchiqsaani kaliłługu aggisuutigaa he dragged home the seal he caught | +t-3 nv

kaluutaq tow rope | -utaq1 vv

kalimŋaŋitchuq- well-supplied, has everything needed, e.g. the right tools, equipment

kaliviqtaq- (i) to jump rope | +t/raq-1 vv

kaliviqtaun jump rope | +t/raq-1 vv :uti1 vn

kalivit- (i) to become stuck, to remain in a place, stranded; to become jammed; (t) to cause it to become stuck, jammed / isiqattaatuaġama kalivitchuuruŋa every time I come to visit I get stuck (cannot make myself leave) | +vit- vv

kalipqIt- (i) to be badly stuck, hard to free | ? +qqIt- vv

kalivsI- (i) to have a shell stuck in the chamber (of gun); (t) to cause a shell to get stuck in it=gun’s chamber | =sI-4 vv

kalivrI- (t) to get it stuck | =rI-4 vv

kalluk(-) thunder, thunderstorm, thunderclap; (i) to thunder (of weather)

kalluala(-) rolling thunder; (i) to roll (of thunder) | -ala- vv

kalukaq(-) or kałukaq(-) four-sided hanging box drum; (i) to beat on a box drum during an Eskimo dance; to perform the dance in which a box drum is used / kalukaqtuat naqikłiuralgupaluktut wow, those box drum dancers can really get down low when dancing § cf. aniuraaqtuat, maġlaktuutiruat, qirgiq-, qiqigl,uktuqtuaq, uluġiaqtuak

kałukaun box drum dance | -un1 vn § rel. atuqpaun

kałukaunnaq, (Nu) kałukautnaq box drum dance song | :unnaq vn

kaluq- (t)to take her/him/it along

kałuk- (i) to bump heads (of sheep)

kałuutik horns (of sheep) | :un1 -k (dual mkr)

*kama (root) aura of demanding awe or respect

kamagi- (t) to obey her/him/it; to be awed by her/him/it, overwhelmed; to be amazed, impressed by her/him, esp by an action @§ kamaksrI- / kamagigaa tuyuusiani he was amazed by his letter (did according to what the letter told him to) / kamagigaa aakani he obeyed his mother / aaquluk taiguallasiruaq kamagipaluŋagiga I was really impressed by the old lady who learned how to read | +[g]i-2 rv || ~srI-1 vv

kamait- (Ti) (i) to be at ease with people, not frightened of new people | :It-1 rv § ant. iññiŋiat-

kamaksriñIq obedience | ~srI-1 vv +niQ1 vn

kamanaq- (i) to have greater authority than others; to be great, worthy of respect, honored; to be bossy; to be strong, big (of animal) / kamanaqtuq samma taamna aġnaq that woman is bossy | +naq-1 rv

kamanniraaq- (i) to act important, show off | +nnI- vv -raaq-1 vv

?kamannI- (i) to act bossy, to act important, to be a showoff | +nnI- vv

kamanniuq- (i) to marvel, be amazed | +naq2 rn ‘=Iuq-2 vv

kamasaaq- (i) to boast, brag, to show off / kamasaaqsaqłuni aqsraatchiaqtuani aquvsalaapaluktuq when he tried to show off at the high kick competition he fell hard on his butt | -saaq-1 rv

kamasuk- (i) to obey; to be amazed, impressed / kamasuktuŋaasu iluqaan taimuŋaaqtuqapku I was amazed that I recited all of it by heart | -suk-3 rv

kamasuutigi- (t) to be amazed, impressed by her/him/it, esp by size, quantity, strength, a physical attribute / kasmasuutigigaa qimmiq aŋivaił,ł,uni he was impressed by the dog because it was so big | -suk-3 rv :un1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

kamatchak- (i) to become amazed, impressed by an accomplishment; to take pride in another’s ability / kamatchaktuq naatchil,iqtuġman aġnaq miquamiñik she was impressed by the woman who finished her sewing in no time at all | -tchak- rv

kamattau- (i) to be one who is shy, frightened of new people | perhaps +t-2 vv +t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv

kamik(-) boot, mukluk, esp fur Native-made boot, dog booty, shoe; (i) to put one’s boots on; (t) to put boots on her/him/it

kamaaluuk (Ti) children’s fur breeches with hole for diaper | -aluk nn -k (dual mkr)

kamalaurak a pair of short fancy boots | -laq nn :uraq1 nn -k (dual mkr)

kamigruak a pair of long, waist-high boots | +ġruaq1 nn -k (dual mkr)

kamikłuk- to put pants on (her/him) | +łuk1 nn

kamikłuuk a pair of pants, trousers | +łuk nn -k (dual mkr)

kamiktuq- (i) to get dressed after getting out of bed; to wear boots

kamil,aq- (Ti) (i) to take off one’s boots; (t) to take off her/his boots § see kamil,l,aq-

kamil,l,aaq- (i) to go barefoot, be naked below the waist / kamil,l,aalauraq quqtamik kuvisipasuulgitchuq he quickly went out barefoot to empty the honey bucket | =Il,l,aq- nv -aq-1 vv

kamil,l,aq- (i) to become barefoot; to take one’s pants and boots off, to undress below the waist; (t) to make her/him barefoot; to remove her/his pants and boots | =Il,l,aq- nv

kammI- to make boots (for her/him); to make (it=animal hide) into boots / kammiruq aakaga nukaalumnun my mother is making boots for my younger sister or brother | ‘=I-1 nv

kammiaq handmade boot | ‘=I-1 nv (aq4 vn

kammiuq- (i) to keep on making boots; (t) to make boots for her/him (usually more than one pair); to make it=animal hide into several pairs of boots / kammiuqłuni maniññauraġuuruq she makes a little money by making and selling boots | ‘=Iuq-1 nv

kamŋIq- (i) to remove one’s boots; (t) to remove her/his boots | :Iq-2 nv

kamŋIt- (i) to not be wearing boots; to have no boots / kamŋił,ł,uŋa iqalliaqasiŋitkitka I did not follow them fishing because I did not have boots | :It-1 nv

*kan (dem root) down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) § rel. *un-

kananI (dem adv in loc) located down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

kananIIt- (i) to be located down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

kanaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

kanaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

kanaŋŋaq- (i) to come from down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

kanna1, dual katkuak, pl katkua (abs dem pron) that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

kanna2 (dem adv) down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

kanuŋa (dem adv in term) to down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

kanuŋanmun towards down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

kanuŋaq- (i) to go down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

kanuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | uuna (dem via)

kanuunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

kattuma or katsruma or karruma, dual katkuak , pl katkua (dem rel pron) that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

kattumanI or katsrumanI or karrumanI, dual katkugnagni, pl katkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

kattumaŋŋa or katsrumaŋŋa or karrumaŋŋa, dual katkugnaŋŋa, pl katkunaŋŋa from that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

kattumatun or katsrumatun or karrumatun, dual katkugnaktun, pl katkunatitun like that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

kattumiŋa or katsrumiŋa or karrumiŋa, dual katkugniŋa, pl katkuniŋa that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

kattumuŋa or katsrumuŋa or karrumuŋa, dual katkugnuŋa, pl katkunuŋa to that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

kattumuuna or katsrumuuna or karrumuuna, dual katkugnuuna, pl katkunuuna via, with that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

*kanag (root) § see *kan

kanagnaq northwest wind, wind from downriver, wind from ocean | +naq4 vn § rel. kiluagniq

kanagniq west wind | perhaps +niQ1 rn

kanagnIq- (i) to be blowing from the northwest, or from downriver (of wind) | +nIq-3 nv

kanak length of leg from crotch to heel, inner leg, inseam

kanaakkiu- (i) to dance in the white man’s style / tiggapaluktuq kanna kanaakkiuruaq that dancer is certainly stiff | ? -ak-3 nv kkI vv u4 vv § rel. aŋŋuaq-, aŋayu-, uyuk-, uamit-

kanagaq, (Nu) kanagaaq shin bone, shank, shin, tibia, lower leg | +gaq6 n

kanagaqsimaaq- (i) to sit on floor with knees raised and feet flat on floor / kanagaqsimaaqłuni siqullagniqsuq he had fallen asleep while sitting on the floor with knees raised and feet flat on the floor | +gaq6 n +simaaq- nv

kanakIt- (i) to have short legs (of people) / kanakitkaluaqtuq iñuŋuluk uqil,aruq although he has short legs, the little man can sure run | -kIt- nv

kanaktu- (i) to have long legs (of people); to be too long (of pants) / kamikłulikapku kanaktunaaġutiniqsaġa I found that when I made him a pair of pants I made the legs too long | +tu- nv

kanasiġaq (Ti) small (seal skin) float for whaling harpoon § rel. avataqpak

kanayuq sculpin, fourhorn slimy (Myoxocephalus quadricornis Cottus cognatus)

kanayuġaałik, pl kanayuġaałigIt (Nu) small freshwater fish | aałik nn

kanayuuraq robin (Turdus migratorius) / kanayuuraniñ tikitqaaġuurut amaułłigaaluurat the snow bunting always arrive before the robins | -uraq4 n

kaniQ(-) frost; (i) to be covered with light frost; (t) to have light frost cover it=ground, house or any object / igalaurami kaniq qiñiġaaliuraaqtuq the frost on the window formed a picture / kaniġmi pisuaqtuam tumiŋi malikługich paqitkaa by following the footsteps on the light frost, he found the person | perhaps +niQ1 vn -q-5 nv § see *ka

kanalluq crumb | -lluQ vn

kaniġaaġruk(-) (Nu) frost, rime; to form a layer of frost | (aq4 vn aġruk nn

kaniġruaq(-) heavy frost; (i) to form a thick layer of frost / isiqtuq irrimiñ kiiñaŋalu isiġvialu kaniġruaq he came in from the biting cold, his face and parka ruff (covered with) frost | +ġruaq 1 nn

kanġil,aq or (Nu) kanġutail,aq smooth ice with no frost on top | | perhaps +niQ1 vn :Il,aq vn or perhaps +niQ1 vn –q-5 nv –utaq1 vn :Il,aq vn

kanġuraq (Nu) light or spotty frost | :uraq nn

kanġaq- (i) to leak of a sack, container (with small non-liquid) of flour, sand, something which flows; (t) to leak, have something solid flow on to it / aluaqsaun ikka aluamik kanġaqtuq the burlap sack is leaking coal | :aq-1vv

kanġai- (i) to sprinkle, strew, sow something / kaaviġruanik kanġaiqqaaqłutik natiq tilaigaat after sprinkling coffee grounds on the floor they swept it | :aq-1vv -I-9 vv

kanġala- (i) to drop little crumbs of bread, crackers, food, etc; to crumble bread, crackers; to shed, of animal; (t) to drop little crumbs of bread, crackers, food, etc. on /in it / kanġalagaa suugutini qaqqulauranik he dropped little pieces of crackers in his soup |:ala- vv § rel. naavsiktaq-

kanġala or kanġalaq shedding animal, esp caribou | :aq-1 vv –laq1 vn

kanġalluQ crumb / punniġum kanġalluŋich katinŋuraqługich suumiñun ikugai gathering up the bread crumbs she put them in her soup | :aq-1vv -lluQ vn

kanġaluk- (i) to drop bits of food; to shed (esp of caribou) | :aq-1vv -luk-3 vv

kanġaqsruq- (t) to scatter it; to sow seeds on it=soil @ kanġaqsruI- | :aq-1vv -qsruq-2 vv :I-6 vv

kanuqqait crumbs, sawdust, powder, detritus / kanuqqait naatchiguvit tilaisaġitin qaugaum isaġuanik sweep up the crumbs with the duck’s wing when you are done | ‘-It (pl mkr)

kanivaun diaphragm (anat.)

kanna (dem pron) that down there (restricted and visible); (dem adv) down there § see *kan

kannaak two forks of something; open points of rail at either end of umiaq (top of niutaq=bent part of umiaq frame at bow and stern) | ‘-k (dual mkr) § syn katnaak from kati-

kanŋuyak, (Nu) kanŋuyaq, (Ti) kannuyaq copper

kanŋaluk (Ti) crumb of food § see kanġaq-

*kanŋu (root) feeling of shame, embarrassment, shyness

kanŋugi- (t) to be ashamed of her/him/it / kanŋugivlugik savaġluktaqqaaqługik kammiagni atuŋil,l,akkaik after doing a bad job on sewing her new boots, she was so ashamed of them that she never wore them | +[g]i-2 rv

kanŋuIt- (i) to be forward, bold, audacious / kanŋuitchuq taamna aġnaq suyumaalliqami that woman is bold once she makes up her mind to do something | :It-1 vv

kanŋunaq- (i) to be shameful | +naq-1 vv

kanŋusaaq- (t) to try to make her/him feel ashamed; (Ti) to tease her/him | +saaq2 rv

kanŋusuk- (i) to be shy, feel ashamed, embarrassed / kanŋusuuturuq araa uqautinil,uguugaluaġiga I have tried talking to her, but she is too shy | -suk-3 vv

kanŋutchak- (i) to become embarrassed, ashamed | -tchak- vv

kanŋuq- (Ti) kanŋu- (i) to assemble, gather in a group, esp for summer trading at Kotzebue § see *kati-

kanŋuqpait big gathering of people

kanŋut herd, assemblage, herd, flock, group, of animals or humans; by extension a corporation; (Ti) group of people at Kotzebue trade fair | -t (pl mkr) § see *kati rel. karrait

kanŋuuma- (i) to continue to meet, have a lengthy meeting | :u-4 vv +ma-1 vv

kanŋuummaq- (i) to congregate, assemble, to have a lengthy meeting, trade fair | :u-4 vv -mmaq- vv § see *kati rel. kasima-

kanŋuuraq subsidiary (of a corporation) | :uraq( ) nn

kanŋuuruat organization, business, company, association, corporation | :u1 vv +t/ruaq (part 3s) -t (pl mkr)

KanŋuumavIk (Nu) old house site by river in Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska | :u- ma vv +vIk1 vn

kanuk- (Ti) (i) to be angry

kanuallak- (Ti) (i) to get angry | -llak- vv

kanuuti- (Ti) (t) to be angry with her/him | :uti-2 vv

kannuktit- (Nu) (i) to become flushed as with fever | ‘k2 vv +tit2 vv

kannuqłuk- (Nu) (i) to be flushed as with fever | ‘qłuk vv

>kanuŋalik(-) (Nu) a card game (canasta?); (i) to play kanuŋalik

kanuŋŋIQ type of willow; egg yolk § rel. uqpivIk, akutuak, mitquapIk, ninŋuq

kaŋiġaqsimaaq- (Ti) (i) to sit in chair with feet on floor, legs forward | +[ġ]aq( )2 nn, vv +simaaq- vv

kaŋiġmik- (i) to armwrestle with interlocked elbows | +mIk-1 nv, vv § rel. kaŋIq

kaŋIq root, source; headwater, source of a river; (Nu) head of a bay, foot of mountain, place where peninsula joins mainland; (Nu) tributary river; bone or ivory toggle on harpoon line § rel. isukłIt-

kaŋiġnaq (Ti) northwest | +naq2 nn § rel. Kaŋianiġmiut

>Kaŋianiġmiut (Nu) people from beyond the Killiq River; people at/of the source of river

kaŋiġaaq- (i) to be cornered by hunter (of game); to become cornered when walking | +[ġ]aq2 nn -aq-8 nv

kaŋiġaaqtit- (t) to corner it=an animal | +[ġ]aq2 nn -aq-8 nv (tit-1 vv

kaŋiġaġmiu hunter (in hiding or waiting at corral) | +miu nn

kaŋiġaġmiu- (Nu) (i) to form a “human corral” to take positions surrounding caribou (of hunters) | +[ġ]aq2 nn perhaps +miu vv

kaŋiġaqsimaaq- (i) to lie in wait for animals | +simaaq vv

kaŋiġalluk corner, right angle | +[ġ]aq2 nn -lluk n § rel. tiġitqiñ, iqirġaq

kaŋiġallulik square | +[ġ]aq2 -lluk n -lik1 nn

kaŋiġallulik itchaksranik hexagon, something shaped like a hexagon

kaŋiġallulik piŋasunik triangle, something shaped like a triangle

kaŋiġallulik takiłhuaŋaaq rectangle, something shaped like a rectangle | +łhuaŋaaq vv, vn

kaŋiġallulik tallimat piŋasunik octagon, something shaped like an octagon

kaŋiġaq(-) blind, hiding place where hunter waits for animal to pass by, then gives chase; corral (for caribou); (t) to corral them=caribou, reindeer (traditionally) | +[ġ]aq2 nn

>KaŋiġaqtuġvIk a place name where they corral | +[ġ]aq2 nn +tuq3 nv +vIk1 vn

kaŋiġaqtuq- (i) to corral caribou, reindeer; (t) to corral them=a herd of animals | +[ġ]aq2 nn +tuq-3 nv

kaŋiliaq or kaŋiliñaaq (Ti) molar (tooth) | lI1 nv (aq4 vn or liñaaq nn

kaŋil,ipqaQ molar | -lipqaq nn

kaŋil,l,IQ innermost one of a group; rearmost one; origin; descendant | -llIQ nn

kaŋil,l,It- (i) to arrive, reach one’s destination, reach the limit, e.g. eat as much as you can / Nuvuġamun kaŋil,l,itchut pisuaqtuaqtuat the people taking a walk arrived (and reached a limit) at the point | llIQ nn ‘=It3 nv

kaŋimuk- (i) to go to a river’s source; to run back down the arms (of liquid) | +muk- nv

kaŋiŋIq- (t) to cut them (animals) off and block their escape, in hunting | +ŋIq- nv

kaŋiqł,uaq- (i) to surface in an inlet in a lead, along ice (esp of a whale); (t) to surface in an inlet in a lead, along ice, in their=hunters’ presence / aġviġum kaŋiqł,uaġaatigut a whale surfaced before us in an inlet | +luk1 nn aq8 nv

kaŋiqł,uk bay, inlet, indentation in sea ice where whales often surface | +łuk1 nn

kaŋiqqiuq- (i) to make a corral | +[ġ]aq2 nn ‘=iuq1 nv

kaŋiqsI- to understand (her/him/it) / uqaluk kaŋiqsil,l,uataqtuni atullasipasuuġnaqtuq once you understand the word well you quickly learn to use it | +sI5 vv

kaŋiqsiuq- to investigate, ask questions, inquire about (it) / kaŋiqsiuġiaqtuq qanuq pipiaġmagaisa he went to investigate to find out what really happened | +siuq- nv

kaŋiqsiuvsaaq- to hold a discussion, discuss (her/him/it) | +siuq- nv -vsaaq( ) vv, nn

kaŋiun (Ti) base of plant, main root | :un3 nn § also naggun

kaŋivaqtaaq- (i) to roll up one’s sleeves, (t) to roll up her/his sleeves for her/him / kaŋivaqtaaqłuni ikayunagutigai pil,aktuat rolling up her sleeves she began helping the ones who were flensing | +vaq- vv +taaq-1 vv

kaŋŋiñiq (Ti) inlet along the shore; small bay in edge of ice which is a good spot for whaling, since whales breathe in such places | ‘=It3 nv łiq2 vn § syn kaŋiqł,uk

kaŋŋIt- (i) to be pulled taut; to reach one’s destination, goal limit, to come to an end of an investigation or research; to come to the end of one’s lifespan; (t) to pull it taut, to wind it tight; to find its cause, to end it=an investigation or research; to arrive at the root, source of it; to reach the source of a river / kuuk kaŋŋitkaa he reached the river source | ‘=It-3 nv

kaŋŋiuQ- to research one’s genealogy | ‘=iuq1 nv

kaŋuq snow goose (Chen hyperborea)

kapi- (i) to stab oneself once, give oneself a shot; (t) to stab, pierce, prick her/him/it once; to give a shot, injection to her/him/it / miqłiqtut kaviqsitquŋił,ł,ugich kapigai he gave the children shots to prevent measles / kappuuŋ una! stab it!

kappun or kappugauraq hypodermic needle; lancet, small knife for bloodletting; bodkin, small dagger; spear | ‘n1 vn or ‘n1 vn +gaq2 n :uraq1 nn

kappuq- or kavluq- (i) to repeatedly stab oneself, repeatedly give oneself shots; (t) to repeatedly stab, pierce, prick her/him/it; to repeatedly give her/him/it shots or injections | ‘-q-1 vv or ~luq-5 vv

kappusIq- (Nu) (t) to spear her/him/it | ‘n1 vn ~Iq-1 nv

kapputi- (t) to stick it into something, e.g. pincushion, fabric, etc. | ‘ti-2 vv

kapuq- (Nu) (t) to spear her/him/it repeatedly | -uq2 vv § rel. kappuq-

kapuqqaun (Nu) awl (to make holes); fish spear for salmon (used in Kobuk)| ‘-aq-1 :un1 vn

kapusiun shaft of harpoon; large whaling harpoon | ~un1 vn -Iq-1 nv :un1 vn

kaputtaq- (Ti) to patch (it=skin boat) | perhaps +ttaq(-) vv

kaputtaun (Ti) awl, used to make holes in skin boat cover so patches can be sewn on | perhaps +ttaq(-) vv :un1 vn

kapuun (Nu) long caribou spear with rock points; (NS) spade, at cards | ‘q1 vv :un1 vn

kavluq-, (Nu) kapluq- (t) to inoculate, give her/him/it injections regularly; to spear, stab, pierce her/him/it repeatedly @ kavluI- | ~luq-5 vv

kavraq stabbed caribou which runs away unobserved | +raq1 vn

kapiksI- (i) to cross one’s arms once

>kapisIq fish scale § syn kavisIq

kapit- (i) to be tight-fitting; (t) to fit an outer piece over inner, e.g. snowshirt over parka / atikłulikami kapinaaqpaiññiġaa when she made a snowshirt she made it too narrow (to fit over the parka)

kapigli- (Ti) (i) to close (of an opening); to come together (esp of ice) | -glI- vv § rel. *ka1 , quu-

kapiglin (Ti) damper for stovepipe | gli vv ‘n1 vn § rel. quuqłiġun

kapiglisiq- (Ti) (i) to have the damper closed (of stove); (t) to close its stovepipe damper (it=stove) | gli vv ‘n1 vn -Iq-1 nv

kapitaaġIIk(-) (i) to be one inside the other; a set of two parkas, inner and outer; a set of one inside the other / atigiŋa saatpaił,ł,uni kapitaaġiigñik atikługuuruq because her parka is so thin, she wears two snowshirts over it | (taaq3 vn +[g]IIk- nv § syn tapiqtaaġiik

kapitak (Ti) outer fur parka | (ak2 vn

kapkaq- (i) to make a noise with one’s teeth / kigutiŋŋuani aŋigivlugich kapkaġuuruq uqaġami because his false teeth are too big, his teeth make a rapping noise when he talks

kapkaluk- (i) to have one’s teeth chatter (because of cold or fever) | -luk-3 vv

kapkat- (Ti) (i) to stutter | t2 vv § rel. iptuġIq-

*kappia (root) feeling of fright, danger

kappiagi- (t) to feel worried for her/him, to feel that you do not want her/him=your companion, relative, etc. to leave | +[g]i-2 vv

kappiala- (i) to feel oneself in extreme danger and call out in fright / umiamun ikuqqaaqłuni aġnaq kappialaruq naŋiatchakami after getting into the boat the woman started squealing from fright | -ala- vv

kappiaŋa- (i) to desire someone’s company, not wanting to be alone, to express a need of assistance in time of trouble or danger / iglu ikimamman kappiaŋaruam itiqtittaatigut someone who was calling for help when the house was on fire woke us up | (ŋa- vv

kappiasuk- (i) to feel oneself in imminent danger | -suk-3 vv

kappiatuq- (i) to shout from fright / kappiatuqtuq una nallugaŋaiqsiuŋ quit tossing him, he is shouting from fright | +tuq-3 nv

karrait big herd of caribou / nullaŋapkaqłuta karrait apqusaaġaatigut the big herd of caribou passed through our camping spot | :It (pl mkr) § rel. kanŋut under kati-

karuk- (i) to hammer; (t) to hit her/him/it on the head | perhaps +ruk-2 rv § see *ka3

karrI- (Nu) (i) to pound stone to shape or smooth it, e.g. for knife blade, point; (t) to pound it; to cut it=meat, blubber up | ‘=I1 vv

karriaq (Nu) cut piece of frozen meat or blubber | ‘=I1 vv (aq4 vn

karriñ (Nu) stone used to ignite a fire | ‘=I1 vv ‘n1 vn

karruutaq or (Nu) katruutaq stone hammer, firing pin of gun; one who faces opposition boldly, fearless person, insistent person | ‘-utaq vn § rel. kautaq, kautauraq

karumit- (i) to be crushed; (t) to crush it @ karumitchI- | -mit- vv

kasak- (i) to make a noise by striking something; to beat a drum; (t) to beat it (e.g. a drum) / aġġirit kasaktuat quvianapaluktut it makes me feel good to hear the Iñupiaq drummers | perhaps +sak- rv § see *ka3

kasaun stick used for beating on a drum / aŋayuqaksraq kasausiuqtuq sanauraaqługu the old man made a drum stick whittling leisurely | :un1 vn

kasaŋnauraq (Nu) “Iñupiaq banjo” (single-stringed instrument beaten with small hammer) | +naq2 vn :uraq( ) nn

>kasaguaq caribou gut filled with caribou fat that can be cooked in water and set overnight to harden and eaten as a cracker def=itchauraq, could this word be qisaġuaq? not recorded in Nu or Ti or MS

kasima- (i) to hold a meeting / kasimarut aŋayuqaavut miŋuaqtuġvigmi our parents are having a meeting at the school | perhaps +sima-1 vv § see *ka1

kasimanġIt minutes (of meeting) | +sima-1 vv +niQ1 vn :It (pl mkr)

kasimmati- (t) to hold a meeting with her/him about her/him / kasimmatigaat uqaqsiġiil,aq they are holding a meeting with the troublemaker | +sima-1 vv ‘ti-2 vv

kasimmatigi- (t) to hold a meeting about her/him/it / kasimmatigigaat pitquratchauraq they are having a meeting about the new regulation | +sima-1 vv ‘n1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

kasimmatiksrat agenda | +sima-1 vv ‘n1 vn +ksraq( )1 nn -t (pl mkr)

kasimmavIk meeting place or time / iglukput kasimmavigisuugikput we use our house as our meeting place | +sima-1 vv ‘vIk1 vn

kasIq (dual katchIk) (Nu) wall

katchI interior wall of house

kasuk- (i) to ram, crash into each other with their horns (of mountain sheep) § rel. tuluq-, kałuk § see *ka3

kasuq- (i) to become joined (of objects); to close (of gap, e.g. with pieces of ice); to meet on the way somewhere, of more than one person; (t) to meet her/him, make her/his acquaintance; to “run” into her/him / ayaksaqama kasuqtaġa aisaġniqsuaq I ran into him on my way to (a meeting), he was on his way home | -suq-3 rv § see *ka3

kasuI- (i) to meet by chance while traveling / kasuiruq iñugnik naluramiñik iglaullaġmi he met some people that he did not recognize on his travels | -suq-2 rv +I-7 vv

kasuummI- (i) to be joined permanently (of things) | -u4 vv +mmI6 vv

kasuuti- (i) to meet, to keep a rendezvous | -suq-2 rv :uti-2 vv

katak(-) entrance hole in floor of sod house leading to entrance, tunnel or passageway; (i) to fall off of something, fall from a height; (t) to drop it / nukatpiaġruk kataktuq iglum qaaŋaniñ the boy fell from the top of the house

katagaq- (i) to fall, drop one by one; (t) to drop them one by one / katagaqtut qiruit kikiaktuqtatka the pieces of wood I nailed up are falling one by one @ katagai- | -gaq-1 v

kataI- to drop (her/him/it) | -I-8 vv

kataksautnaq or kataksiun (Nu) pitfall trap for large land animals | +saq-3 vv :unnaq vn or +siun vn § rel. qargisaq( )

kataksiutit- (Nu) (i) to be caught in a pitfall trap; (t) to catch it in a pitfall trap | +siun vn +t2 nv

kataktaq- (i) to fall down the stairs | +t/raq-1 vv

kataun parachute | :un1 vn

kattagaaq- (i) to play pick-up sticks or jacks, jackstone / kattagaaŋaiqsiqtut ayuktauraq tammaġman shortly after the ball got lost they stopped playing jackstones | perhaps –’q4 vn -aaq(-)1 vv,vn

kattagaat pick-up sticks; game of jacks, jackstones / ataataŋat sanauraaqtuq kattagaaksraŋiññik their great-uncle leisurely whittled some jackstones for them | perhaps –’q4 vn -aaq(-)1 vv, vn

*kattaq something dropped ??

kattaqsruq- (t) to drop something for/on them from the air, e.g. message, food, bomb | perhaps –’q4 vn +qsruq-2 nv

katchuq- (i) to be pacified, appeased, satisfied; to settle for something other than what one originally wanted; (t) to pacify, appease, satisfy her/him; to satisfy her/him with something other than what she/he wanted / katchuqtuq aġnaiyaaq nuŋuraaksriññamni the girl was pacified when I gave her some candy

katchuŋait- (i) to be persistent; to not be satisfied yet | (ŋaIt- vv

kati- (i) to bump one’s head; (non sing.) to bump heads; (t) to bump one’s head on her/him/it § see *ka3

katit- (i) to gather, congregate, assemble; to get married; (t) to gather them together; to marry them (i.e. perform a marriage) @ katitchI- / siqumniuravut katiłługich atausimik imiġaaksraqtugut we pooled our small change and bought one can of soda pop § see *ka3

katiġruġniQ (Ti) snowdrift | (qsruq-2 vv +niQ1 vn § rel. qimuagruk

katima- (Ti) (i) to have, hold a meeting | -ma-1 vv § rel. kasima-

katinġaatchiak newly married couple | perhaps -nġaq-4 vv -atchiaq2 nn -k (dual mkr)

katiqsrat pile, assemblage, collection / kalikuviñiġnik katiqsranik qaliġuaksriuqtuq she made a quilt from the collection of cloth scraps | +qsraq2 vn -t (pl mkr)

katiqsrI- (i) to gather things together, to collect things | -qsrI- vv

katiqsruq- to gather, assemble (them) in a group, herd, pack, pile (of snow) | ~qsruq-2 vv

katitiq- (Nu) (i) to get married | (tiq-2 vv

katitit- (i) to get married; (t) to marry them, i.e. to join them in wedlock | (tit-1 vv

katmaq- ??

katnaak (Nu) forked thing, forked place (with two forks) § see kayyaaq

katŋut herd, an assembled group, a corporation § see kanŋut

katŋuq- (Nu) (i) to assemble, gather in a group

katyaak, katyaaq (Nu) place where a river branches into two, two branches of river, fork in a road, branch of a river § =yaaq2 vn

katruaq- (Nu) to break (it=frozen ground and gravel) up looking for roots in winter | ‘-aq-1 vv

kau- (i) to reach into a container or hollow place; (t) to put one’s hand into it

kaumaaq- (Ti) to put one’s hands (into it=pocket(s)) / kaumaaqtuŋa igvimnun I put my hands in my pockets / kaumaaġikka igvikka I put my hands in my pockets | +maaq1 vv § rel. aiñiqsimaaq-

kaugaq (Nu) fur sock / kaukkak qaitkik give me the socks

>kaugaq(-) (Nu), (Ti) long-handled whale flensing knife with long blade, originally of slate or jade; to flense (it=whale) with a large flensing knife

kauk walrus skin often with blubber and a little bit of meat, a delicacy

kauk- to hammer (her/him/it) | -uk-2 vv [?] § see *ka3

kaugun (Ti) hammer | +un1 vn

kauksi- (i) to have one’s heart beat fast and hard / siñigniallaġmi paniak itiaqsiruq kauksiqpakłuni while sleeping, theird daughter began to wake up with her heart beating fast | -uk-2 vv +sIq-5 vv

kautaq(-) hammer; to hammer (it) | -uk-2 vv -taq7 vn, vv, nv § rel. qaqsruqtuq

kauviñaq- (t) to strike her/him/it with a hammer or heavy object hard, with violence; (Nu) (i) to hammer something once | -viñaq vv

kauksIk (Nu) fat, meaty part on back of sheep’s head | +sIk2 nn

kaukau (excl) “food” trade jargon from a Polynesian language [used by one white man who lived with Arctic John Etalook’s band for a while to indicate that it is time to eat (the white man thought he was talking Iñupiaq)]

kavIq- (i) to be red

kavialliuti- (i) to appear reddish (be seen) (of sun) ?; (t) to appear pinkish of clouds (OBJ) around sunset or sunrise | perhaps -aq-5 vv - -lIq-3 vv ‘uti-2 vv

kaviaq- (i) to be pink, reddish in color | perhaps -aq-5 vv

kaviaqtaaq pink; something pink | perhaps -aq-5 vv +taaq2 vn

kaviġl,uksI- (i) to blush | -luk-3 vv +sI-1 vv

kaviġruaq- (i) to be very red, bright red | +ġruaq3 vv

kaviġuraq- (i) to be slightly red, reddish | :uraq2 vv

kaviqhak something red, a usually large and bulky thing | -qhak vn

kaviqsaaq red; something red | +taaq2 vn

kaviqsI(-) to turn red, redden; to have measles / kaviqsigaa nuna the land is turning reddish / kaviqsiruq nuna the land is turning reddish / kaviqsiruq iñuum kiiñaŋa qinnaliqpaił,ł,uni the person’s face turned red because he was so angry | +sI-1 vv

kaviqsuaq saksaŋIq gray-crowned rosy finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis irvingi) | +tuaq (part 3s)

kaviuk! kaviuk! kaviuk! (excl) while making little circles with the index finger in the air or while pointing at someone trying to make her/him blush (considered bad manners)

kavviaġIk- (i) to be bright red | perhaps -aq6 nn +[g]Ik- nv

kavviaq red fox | perhaps -aq6 nn § syn kayuqtuq

kavviġIk- (i) to be very red, bright red | perhaps ‘-Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

kavisIq fish scale / kavisiiyaisulaitchuŋa iqalugnik I do not enjoy scraping the scales off of fish

kaviuq- (i) to covet, desire, long for someone or something strongly; (t) to covet, desire it / kaviuġaluaqtuŋa kalikut tautukkapkich maniiñmivl,uŋalu I really wanted the (beautiful) material when I saw it but I had no money

kaviuġi- (t) to covet, desire, long for her/him/it | qigl,ugnaġaluaqtuq asu kaviuġiraġa tunianiksimammarruŋ I really felt a great loss when I found out they had already sold the thing I desired so strongly | -[g]i-4 vv

kaviuġnaq- (i) to be desirable, coveted, glamorous / kaviuġnaqsipiaqługik savaŋagaik kammak she has made the boots so beautifully one really covets them | +naq-1 vv

kaviuqqun covetousness | ‘n1 vn

kaviuqtau- (i) to be coveted / aġnaq kaviuqtausuuruq aññaminiñ suġautamigun that woman is coveted by her cousin because of what she possesses | +taq-4 vn :u-2 nv

kavlaQ black bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina)

kavlaq- (i) to be wide-eyed, to have big eyes [find an example]

kavlaqsI- (i) to become wide-eyed / aġnaiyaaq irikitkaluaqtuq kavlaqsil,guruq kamatchakami the girl, although she has small eyes, can really become wide-eyed when she is awed | +sI-1 vv

kavlatit- (i) for one’s eyes to get wide, big; become wide-eyed | -tit2 vv

kavlu(-) (Nu) concave, rounded cover, cap, percussion cap of gun; (t) to cover, cap it with a rounded cover § rel. matu

kavluq- (t) to spear, stab her/him/it repeatedly; (t) to give her/him/it shots periodically, regularly § see kapi-

kavraq crown of head, top of skull

kavraġmIk- to carry (it) on top of one’s head | +mIk-1 vv

kavrauraq or kavriŋuraq peak of hood on woman’s parka, crown of head | :uraq1 nn

kavrI- (t) to tonsure, shave the crown of the head | ‘=I1 nv § rel. qiuġaq-

kavriñiQ tonsure | ‘=I1 nv +niQ1 vn

kavriŋaruaq a tonsured man | ‘=I1 nv (ŋa- vv +t/ruaq (part 3s)

kavya- (i) to be apprehensive, to fear a loss / anisaġaluaqtuami panigma kavyaruam qilutaaktitkaaŋa I was on my way out but my daughter who is afraid of being left is preventing me from going

kavyatchak- (i) to start to worry, from fear of loss; to want to follow a person who is leaving | -tchak- vv

kavyattuala- (i) to be hysterically disturbed, fearful |+ttuala- vv

kayuaġun tusk-shaped design on parka shoulder | -ġun nn § rel. manusiññak

*kayu (root) enthusiasm

kayumigi- (t) to relish, have a taste for it=food / kayumigigaa tuttum niqaa iñukkuksautigivlugu he enjoys caribou meat because he was raised on it | +mik1 rv -[g]i-3 vv

kayumik- (i) to be fast, swift, speedy; to be appetizing, palatable (of food) / qimmitka kayumiguurut aiñmuksauraqapta my dogteam goes fast when we are traveling homeward | +mik1 rv

kayummak- (i) to speed up, accelerate, get energized / +mmak-2 vv

kayummatit- (i) to do something at a steady speed without hesitation / maktaktuġuliŋavaił,ł,uŋa kayummatipaluktuŋa I had developed such a yearning for muktuk that when I finally had some, I really went at it | +mik1 rv ‘-k-3 -tit-2 vv

kayumŋIq- (i) to slow down after going fast; to ebb (of enthusiasm); to grow weak, be unable to work well; to be eager to go but be held back; to strain at chain or harness (of dog); (t) to urge her/him to go / qimmiq kayumŋiqsuq aullaqtuat maligukkaluaqługit the dog strained its chain wanting to go along with the ones that were leaving | +mik-1 rv :Iq-2 vv, bv

kayumŋIt- (i) to be weak, lacking strength | +mik1 rv :It1 vv

kayuŋŋIq- (i) to be eager to go, “champing at the bit”; to pull at harness (of person pulling sled)

kayuŋŋiuqsruurat fast red organisms found in water (e.g. from Imiqpak near Piġniq) | -ŋŋIq- rv :uq2 vv (qsruq2 vv :uraq nn -t (pl mkr)

kayuq (Nu) outside of upper arm above the point of the elbow

kayuqtuq red fox (Vulpes fulva)

Kayuqtuġlu Tiġiganniaġlu planet Mars [lit “red fox and white fox”] (so named from the fact that Mars tends to shift colors between white and red; Iñupiaq tradition holds that this shift in color is because a red fox and a white fox are fighting over a den)

kayyaaq, (Nu) katyaaq intersection, fork, crossroads, junction of two rivers; branch of a river | =yaaq2 vn § see katit-

kayyaak, (Nu) katyaak place where a river branches into two, two branches of river, fork in a road | -k (dual mkr)

Kayyaaqpaak place name, [where?]

kayyaaġIIk two roads or rivers which intersect, cross | +[g]IIk/t nn

*kI1 (root) of interrog pron

kia, dual kitkuk, pl kitkut (rel) whoses, whos / kia aiñiaqpasik whos is coming to get youd / kia manna tavsiŋa whose belt is this | :a (3s-s poss)

kialiqaa (rel) anyone, whoever / kialiqaa atuġumiñaġaa anyone may use it | :a (3s-s poss) +liqaa (encl)

kimI host of (someone invited to the messenger feast) | +mI (loc)

kiña, dual kitkuk, pl kitkut (abs) whos / kiña atuqqaaġniaqpa whos will sing first | +na (abs sing mkr for demonstratives and the stems kI, su and pI)

kiñapayaaq anyone | +na (dem pron sing mkr) -payaaq nn

kisu, dual kisuk, pl kisut, rel kisum which one / kisu tauqsiġñiaqpiuŋ which one will you buy | +su (stem “what”) (dl and pl may refer to things or people)

kisuiq- (t) to understand, perceive it; to recognize her/him/it | +su (stem “what”) :Iq-2 nv § syn il,itchuġi-, sukuiqi-

kI2 (excl) come on, on with it, do it, go ahead / ki, aullaqisa come on, let’s go

kiami (excl) okay, fine (subject is convinced) / +ami (encl)

kiamiki (excl) okay then; okay okay (speaker is now/has been convinced, but convincing her/him took a little bit more effort) | +ami (encl) ki (reduplication of stem)

kiata (Nu) , kiita (excl) let’s give it a try; let’s go!; (Nu) go ahead! go on! | +ata (encl)

kiata+ (excl) okay then; (Ti) right away

kihaa (excl) come on! let’s go! enough of this nonsense!

kiiqsruq- (i) to urge someone to complete a task | +qsruq-1 nv

kiq (excl) give it all you’ve got!! try your best! try harder!

kialuuraq candle

kiamit- (t) to push it=boat off into water; to shove it in; (Nu) to throw it=spear @ kiamitchI- / kiamitchaġivsigut umiamun ikuanikkupta push us off after we’ve boarded the boat | +mit- vv

kiamġuaġvIk sled handlebar | =ġuaq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

kiamġuaq- (i) to push a sled while holding on to the handlebar; to pole a kayak against the current pushing sticks or poles into river bottom; (t) to push it=sled or load on sled while holding on to the handlebar; to pole it=kayak against the current pushing sticks or poles into river bottom / kiamġuaqłuni unuŋaqtuq he went down to the ocean to hunt by pushing a sled | =ġuaq-1 vv

kiamġuun one of a pair of poles used to pole a kayak | =ġuaq-1 vv =un1 vn

kiamŋuġaq- (i) to push a heavy sled while holding on to the handlebar | =+uġaq- vv

kiapsiqsuġvIk (Nu) barrel of gun | +mit- vv :aq4 vn :Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

kiavl,uaq- to push (it=a sled) along while holding on to its handholds from behind / qimmiŋi pil,aiŋavlutiŋ kiavl,uaqłuni tikiññiataktuq because his dogs are tired, he is struggling to reach (his destination) by pushing the sled | =luk-3 vv -aq-1 vv

kiavl,uI- (i) to stuff things into a sack; (t) to stuff it=sack with things, to plug it=hole / kiavl,uiruq paniqtanik avataqpagmun she is putting dried meat into a seal poke | =luk-3 vv -I-7 vv

kiavl,uk- to push (it, usually a heavy sled) by the hand holds / sikutaqtuaq kiavl,ukłuni aiñmuktuq the one who was out getting ice started home pushing the heavy sled by the hand holds | =luk-3 vv

kiavl,uun sled stanchion | =luk-3 vv :un1 vn

kiapik- (t) to fit it together, making edges overlap; to go or pass it=a 12-hour time period esp to sleep or go without sleep for more than 12 hours / kiapikkaa he is fitting it together making the edges overlap / siñiktuaq kiapillalgitkaa a 12-hour period has passed for the one that is sleeping | -pik-1 vv

kiapiksi- (i) to cross one’s arms

kiapiksimaaq- (i) to have the arms crossed / aŋun uqaqtuaq kamanaġukpaił,ł,uni kiapiksimaaqtuq the man speaking, wanting to show authority, has his arms crossed | -pik-1 vv +simaaq- vv

kiapiktit- (i) to work, travel or do something longer than one had planned; to be fitted on, connected to something; to spend more time on something than expected / tavraasi aġiullaiqł,utiŋ kasimaruat kiapiktittut again those meetings had difficulty ending and met longer than they had planned

kiappaQ joint, articulation (esp of pieces of wood) | ‘-Q4 vn

kiapqaq- (i) to keep on going without expected stop, to go beyond what one intended to do / nutqaġaluaqatik taima kiapqaqtut they have kept on going without stopping / siqutqiksuuraqsaqtuami kiapqaġniqsuŋa I was only going a take a quick nap, but realized I had slept straight through the night | -pqaq- vv =qaq-3 vv, rv

*kiav (root) circular motion § see *kaiv

kiapsaq(-) (Ti) toy top, spinning top; to play with a toy top | -psaq(-) rv ? § see kaivsaaq

kiapsaluaġun (Nu) a ring encircling something, e.g. ring of willows around outside of tent | -psaq(-) vv -luk-3 vv :aq-1 vv +un1 vn

kiapsalugaq(-) (Nu) willow ring for game through which players try to throw a spear; (i) to play a game in which one tries to throw a spear through a ring of willows | -psaq(-) vv -luk-3 vv +aq4 vn

kiapsaluqtaq (Nu) something round | -psaq(-) vv perhaps +luq-3 vv +t/raq4 nn

kiapsaluqtuaq (Nu) circle | -psaq(-) vv +luq-3 vv +t/ruaq2 vn § rel. aqvaluqtaaq

kiavit- (i) to circle around, to spin / tiŋmiaqpak kiavittuq niviuqłuni tuttutamnik the eagle is circling over the caribou I killed | +vit- vv

kiavaaġnI- (i) to sit in a circle formation / kaivaaġnil,ġataqłutiŋ quliaqtuaġniqsuat iqsiñałagnik sitting in a circle formation, they were telling scary stories | +vaaq- vv +ni-2 vv

kiavaaŋa or kiavyaaŋa- (i) to be dizzy, / kiavaluktuqqaaqłuŋa kiavaaŋavluŋa sanipaktuqtuŋa after twirling around quickly, I staggered dizzily | +vaaq- vv (ŋa- vv +yaaq +ŋavyak- vv -aq-1 vv (ŋa- vv

kiavaġun ring, e.g. around sun, brim of hat

kiavaġutiqaq- (i) for the sun to have a ring around it; (t) to have a circle around it / siqiñiq kiavaġutiqaqtuq the sun has a ring around it | +vaq- vv :un1 vn -qaq-1 nv

kiavallagniq one hour

kiavallagun (Nu) circle | +vaq- vv +llak-1 vv +un1 vn

kiavallak- or kiavaluisaaq- (i) to go around in a circle once; (t) to move in a circle around it once / tiŋŋutitaqtim kiavaluisaaqqaaqługu nunaaqqiuraq | mitchaaġiaġuuruq the pilot always circles the village once before he lands | +vaq- vv +llak-1 vv or +vaq- vv -luk-3 vv -I-7 vv -saaq-1 vv

kiavalugaaq- (Nu) to go partway around (it) | +vaq- vv -luk-3 vv +aaq-2 vv

kiavaluk- to go around (her/him/it) in circles; (i) to move in a circle / unnuaq tiŋŋun kiavalupaluktuq mitchaallaiqł,uni last night the plane circled for quite a while unable to land | +vaq- vv -luk-3 vv

kiavluaq- (Nu) to push (it=usually a sled/her or him, on a sled or other means of conveyance) | =luaq-1 vv § see kaivl,uaq-

kiavraaq(-) whirlpool, eddy; (i) to spin, to turn around / qamun sialiġivl,uni kiavraaqtuularuq the car slid and spun around and around quickly | +vit- vv =rak(-) vv +aq4 vv

kiavraġun halo around sun | +vit- vv =rak(-) vn -ġun nn

kiavrak or (Nu) kaivraun grindstone | +vit- vv =rak vn or =rak- vv :un1 vn

kiavranŋu- (i) to be dizzy § see under *kai

kiavsaaq(-) toy top, spinning top; to play with a top | +vit- vv -vsak- vv (aq4 vn

kiavyaaŋa- (i) to be dizzy § see kiavaaŋa

kiavsak- ? (i) to spin | -vsak- vv

kian torso, upper front part of body; blouse / qaliġuuram kiataa ipquruq the upper front part of the dress is dirty

kiapiġuq(-) vest; to put a vest on (her/him/it) | -piġuq(-) nn, nv

kiasIk shoulder blade, scapula / tuttum kiasiŋanik samuunnaaqtuŋa I am roasting a caribou shoulder blade cut | -sIk2 n

kiativiñiQ strip of fur from shoulders down to leg of wolverine; upper part from shoulders to midsection of any animal skin | -viñiQ nn

>kianmun ? kianmun argunmun isiqsaaġuurut mauyakipayaamun

kigiunniQ(-) or kiguunniQ(-), (Nu) kigiutniq- trunk, box; coffin; (t) to box it; to put her/him/it in a coffin § rel. kigi-

kigiunnauraq or kiguunnauraq small box | :uraq1 nn

kigiunniġruaq or kiguunniġruaq large box | +ġruaq1 nn

kiglasuiññaQ neck muscles of caribou (good to eat)

kiglu bow deck,; bow or stern seat of umiaq | +lu(q)2 n

kigrak-, (Nu) kigirak- or kiglak- (i) to be rough (of surface); to be coarse (of cloth, salt or sand); to be scratchy to the touch (of skin); to scratch the throat (of food); (Nu) to be dull (of blade) / kalikuksraqtaaġa kigrapaluktuq the cloth that I bought is so coarse | +rak(-) vv, vn § see kiglak(-), kigi-

kigraqtaq- (Ti) (i) to be moving in the distance barely visible so that one catches a glimpse of it | ?

kiguġuya(-) (Nu, Ti) aurora borealis; (Nu) to shine (of aurora borealis) § see kiuġuya

kiguġuyaq- (Ti) (i) for there to be an aurora borealis | q5 nv

kIgI-1 (i) to clench one’s teeth; to bite oneself; (t) to bite her/him/it / kiggiuŋ! bite it!

kigak- or kigaluk- (i) to nibble on food / kigalukpail,l,am kaayuitchuq niġiñaqsimman he is never hungry at mealtime because he nibbles on snacks (all day) | -ak-1 vv -ak-1 vv -luk-3 vv

kigaġniq indentation, groove, notch

kiglak(-) (Nu) flint blade, point; (Nu) (i) to be dull, rough (of blade) § rel. kigrak-

kiglI- (Nu) to smooth, sharpen, hone (it=stone blade) | +lI1- vv § syn ipiksaq-

kigliñ sharpener for scraper made of brass or yearling caribou antler; hone [Driggs 1905, p94 "a kind of sharpener made from a piece of deer horn, with a small round piece of ivory overlapping and bound to its upper surface"] | -n1 vn

kiggiñ clothespin | ‘n1 vn

kiggIQ something which has been gnawed at, had pieces eaten out of it | ‘-Q4 vn

kiggisi- (Nu) (i) to bite each other | ‘-ti2 vv

kiggisik vise | ‘n1 vn -k (dual mkr)

kigiaq (Nu) beaver | +q7 vv -aq4 vn § syn pałuqtaq

kigiaq(-) (Nu) chisel; to chisel (it) @ kigiaqsI- | -aq4 vn

kigiaqtuq- (Nu) to use a chisel on (it) | -aq4 vn +tuq3 nv

kigIq- to tear (her/him/it) apart with one’s teeth / qimmipta kammaka kigiqł,ugik maqunniqsak our dog mangled my boots beyond repair by chewing on them | +q-7 vv

kigmaq- or kiŋmaq- to bite (her/him/it) repeatedly / kigmaqtuq ivaluksramik saakłisaqługu she is biting the sinew to make it pliable enough to make thread | -maq-1 vv

kigmaliktat pattern trim on parka or boot made of alternate light and dark pieces | +ma2 vn -liktaq nn -t (pl mkr)

kigmautik or kiŋmautik pliers / kigmautignik piiqsiġaa kigutaa he quickly pulled out her tooth with pliers | -maq-1 vv :un1 vn +k (dual mkr)

kigmialIq- or kigmirrIq- (i) to now have something in the mouth; (t) to bridle it=animal; to put something in her/his/its mouth | +miraq(-) vv, vn -lIq-1 nv or +miaq(-) vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

kigmiaq or kigmiġaq Eskimo drill; bow drill | +miaq(-) vv, vn or +mmI-6 vv +[ġ]aq1 vn syn niuqtuun

kigmiraq(-) to hold, carry (it) in one’s teeth; something carried in the teeth, e.g. animal’s young, bridle | +miaq(-) vv, vn

kigmiġun a strip sewn between the body of the boot and the sole | +miaq(-) vv, vn -ġun nn § rel. killiġuaq

kigmiġutiksraq intermediate strip of animal hide between connecting strip and sole of boot | +miaq(-) vv, vn -ġun nn +ksraq(-)1 nn

kigun tooth | :un1 vn

kigusI- (i) to teethe, to grow teeth / kigusivl,uni miqłiqtuuraq iñugiil,uktaqtuq because he is teething, the young child is having bouts of fussiness | :un1 vn ~I-1 nv

kigusiqi- (i) to have a toothache; to have one’s teeth worked on; (t) to work on her/his/its teeth / kigusiqivluŋauvva niġisuvyuaġmiuŋa because I have a toothache, I don’t feel much like eating | :un1 vn ~Iqi-1 nv

kigusiqirI dentist | :un1 vn ~Iqi- nv +t/rI3 vn

kigusiqun toothpaste | :un1 vn ~Iqi- nv ’n vn

kigutail,aq one-year-old lamb; anything without teeth [lit “one without teeth”] | :un1 vn :Il,aq(-) nn

kigutaIq- (i) to lose a tooth; (t) to pull her/his/its tooth out / kigmautikka kigutaiqł,utik piaksatitaliqsuk my pliers are slipping constantly now because the grip has worn away | :un1 vn :Iq-2 nv, vv

kigutigiksaq- (i) to brush one’s teeth; (t) to brush her/his/its teeth @ kigutigiksaI- | :un1 vn +[g]ik- nv +saq3- vv || -I-7 vv

kigutigiksaun toothbrush | :un1 vn +[g]iksaq- nv :un1 vn

kigutinŋu- (i) to have a toothache / kigutinŋuvluni niġiruanuŋil,l,aktuq he did not attend the feast because he had a toothache | :un1 vn -nŋu-1 nv

kigutiŋŋuaq false tooth | :un1 vn (ŋŋuaq(-) vv, nn

kigutraq- (Nu) (i) to have good, sharp teeth | :un1 vn ?~raq nv

kiguttak- (i) to teethe, cut teeth / kiguttaktuulapaluktuq paipiuraġa my baby got his teeth in a hurry | :un1 vn ‘-k-2 nv, vv

kiimmI- (i) to have jaws tightly closed; (t) to hold it between one’s teeth / +mmI-6 vv

kiiñiq a bite (dog bite, etc...) | +niQ1 vn

kiipkaq- (i) to get one’s fingers or some body part caught in the door, or anything closing / upkuamun kiipkaqtittuaŋa my fingers got caught in the door | +pkaq-1 vv

kiiraaq a crimped sole / aglipayaaġuvich kiiraligaagnik kammiñiaġikpiñ when you’re a little bigger, I’ll make you a pair of crimped sole boots | +raq-4 vv (aq4 vn

kiiraq- to crimp (it=boot sole) / aanaga kiiraġuuruaq kigutimiñik my grandmother used to crimp soles with her teeth | +raq-4 vv

kiiraq crease, corrugation | +raq1 vn

kiirauraq(-) small and even crimping on boot soles; scallop; clam; (i) to crimp it with small, even crimps / kiirauraqaġuuruk kammak the crimping on her boots are always nicely done (small and even) | +raq1 vn :uraq1 nn

kiisI- (i) to take a bite | +sI-3 vv

kiŋmiġaq mouthpiece of Eskimo fire drill | +mmIq1 vv +[ġ]aq1 vn

kiŋŋIQ, (Nu) kikŋIQ gap in a row of teeth where a tooth is missing / kigutiŋi kiŋŋiqaqłutik uviñŋiuqsrauraġuuruq uqaqami he whistles softly when he talks because of the gap in his teeth | +ŋŋIQ vn

*kII2 (root) face [consider merging with kII1]

kigiñuq blade

kiiñaaq male seal in rut (so called because they develop a black area on face) § syn tiggak

kiiñaġiil,I- (i) to grimace, wince, contort one’s face / kiiñaġiil,iruq naġġutchakłuni niqimik she grimaced to show dislike or rejection of the food | +naq2 vn +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv -lI-2 nv

kiiñaġiil,iuq- (Nu) to make an angry face at (her/him) | +naq2 vn +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv -lI-2 nv +uq-2 vv

kiiñaġIIt- (i) to have a funny look on one’s face (as when caught stealing, trying to look well when sick, etc.) / aniiqsuaġukpaił,ł,uni nakuuqsiŋanigaluaqtuq kiiñaġiitchuqsuli because she wants to play out so much, she says that she is well, but her face still looks funny (not well) | +naq2 vn +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv

kiiñaġuq(-) mask; (i) to put a mask on; to hurt oneself on the face; (t) to put a mask on her/him/it; to hurt her/him on the face / utkusigauraq mil,uqsaqługu piuraaqatini kiiñaġuqtaa he hit his playmate on the face when he tried to hit the can when throwing something | +naq2 vn +ġuq2 n

kiiñaġnIq- (i) to be bold, straightforward, unreserved, forthright; to show no respect for authority | +naq2 vn +nIq-3 nv § rel. uluġiasuuralaIt- ant qiñuIt-

kiiñail,isaq (Ti) knife sheath | +naq2 vn -Il,isaq nn § rel. yaġalġaq, yaġił,haq

kiiñaIt- (i) to be dull, not sharp (of knife, axe, etc.) / saviga manna kiiñaisimaruq ipiksaġupku I see that my knife has become dull (has no cutting edge) so I think I’ll sharpen it | +naq2 vn :It-1 nv, vv, rv

kiiñaksaun (Ti) sharpening stone | +naq2 vn –k-4 nv +saq vv :un1 vn § rel. kigliñ

kiiñaq face; blade of knife / anauttam kiiñaŋa ipiksipalukkiga I made the axe’s cutting edge very sharp | +naq2 vn § rel. tuquġaq

Kiiñaqvak John River, which begins at the summit at Anaktuvuk Pass and goes into the Koyukuk River

kiiñaqqI- (i) to make a mask | +naq2 vn +ġuq2 nn ‘=I1 nv

kiiñaqqiñ plug (of ivory, bone, wood) for seal skin poke (old plugs had a carved face) | ‘n1 vn

kiiñaqqivIk wooden mold for making Nunamiut-style skin mask | +naq2 vn +ġuq2 nn ‘=I1 nv +vIk1 vn

kiiñaqsI- (Nu) (i) to show one’s face; (t) to see her/his face / kiiñaqsigikpiñ I see your face | +naq2 vn perhaps +sI7 nv

kiiñauraq (Nu) postage stamp | +naq2 vn :uraq1 nn § rel. maniuraq

kiiññaksaun sharpening stone

kii3 (excl) see there, see what happens when you do that! I told you so! / kii, anniġñiaġnigaluaġikpiñ mayuaġaġuvich see there, I told you that you would get hurt if you climb all over

kiiki (excl) keep it up, you asked for it, you do not deserve any pity or sympathy

kiika or kiikaa or kiikavsaaq or kiikalu (excl) I want more!; more! / kiika, atuvsaaġiñ, aarigaa more! sing again, it’s beautiful / kiika? do you want more? naumi, taimaaqtuŋa no, I have had enough so I am stopping | +lu (encl)

kiikaluuŋa- to want more (from her/him/it) / kiikaluuŋagaa aġnaq she is asking for more from the woman / quiññakkamauvva kiikaluuŋasipiksuaqtuŋa I want more and more (food) since I have gained weight | +lu (encl) -q-1 vv (ŋa- vv

kiikii, ki! ki! (excl) more!, again!

kiiŋuqqaglugun (Nu) sinew on hind leg of caribou | +lugun nn see kiŋuġaq- or kiŋuqqaq-

kiiqsiuq- (i) to be in great pain / unnugman uvva uutiqtinŋaruaq kiiqsiuqpaktuq this one who burned himself yesterday is now in lots of pain | +siuq- vv

kiiqsiuġun pain | +siuq- vv :un1 vn

kiiqsruq- to urge someone to complete a task § see ki2

kiiriq Canada Jay, camprobber (Perisoreus canadensis)

kiisaimma or kisaimmaa (excl) finally, at last / utaqqigaluaqami kiisaimma aivuq he waited for a while then finally left for home (when no one showed up) § rel. ki, kiita

kiita (excl) let’s go! / kiitaapqauraġmatik aullaqirut as soon as they got the go-ahead signal, they took off § rel. kiisaimma

kiki- (t) to make a notch in it=wood; to break off a piece from it=wood / iqirġauraiqsiġaa kikivlugu kautamiñik he (accidently) broke off a corner hitting it with his hammer

kigmaliktat pattern trim on parka or boot made of alternate light and dark pieces | +ma2 vn -liktaq nn -t (pl mkr)

kikarat willow stumps | +raq1 vn

kikiak(-), dual kikirrak, pl kikiagIt nail; (t) to nail it down | +iak(-) nn, vv

kikiaktuurraq something nailed on | +iak(-) nn, vv +tuq-2 vv :uti-2 vv ~raq1 vn

kikiaktuuti- (i) to be nailed down now; (t) to nail it down | +iak(-) nn, vv +tuq-2 vv :uti-2 vv

kikiiyaq- (i) to now have nails pulled out; (t) to pull nails out from it @ kikiiyaI- / kikiiyaġai qiruit he is pulling the nails out of the wood | =Iyaq- nv

kikiniQ place where a piece of wood is broken off | +niQ1 nv

kikkaQ notch, gap, broken section (as in wood) | ‘-Q4 vn

kikłuq- (i) to have broken sections and notches (of wood) / kikłuqpaił,ł,uni atuŋitkaa taamna pilaigut he did not use that piece of plywood because it had too many notches and broken sections | ~luq- vv

kiksraq path cut through brush or trees | =sraq3 vn

kiktuġaq- (i) to snap, break under tension (of rope, wire, thread, tape etc.); (t) to snap, break it under tension | -tuġaq- vv

kikIIk- (i) to bend back

kikituk (Ti) carved image of weasel-like animal believed to cause bad luck, even death § rel. il,isiiyaq-

kikŋu- (Nu) (i) to capsize (of boat); to turn over (of sled); to capsize, turn over of passengers in boat, sled § see kiñŋu-

*kiktuq (root)

kiktuġiaq mosquito | +iaq3 n

kiktuġiaqsiun mosquito repellent | +iaq3 n +siun nn

kiktuġiiñŋutaq mosquito net | +iaq3 n =It-1 nv -ŋutaq vn

kiktuqsralik ant § +ksraq(-)1 rn -lik1 nn

kilak- (Nu) (i) to drip once § rel. kutit-

kilaaq- (Nu) to drip repeatedly on (her/him/it) | -q1 vv

kilak- (i) to get perforated; to develop a hole; (t) to pierce, perforate, make a hole in it / qattaq anauvlugu kilakkaa he made a hole in the water drum when he hit it

kilaaq- (i) to multiply in number, of holes; (t) to punch holes in it, perforate it repeatedly @ kilaaqsI- / kilaaqtuq umiaq auvluni the boat is full of holes since it is rotten / puggutaq kilaaġaa pisaaġiuraaqłuni she purposely punched holes in the pot | -q-1 vv +aaq(-)1 vv

killaiyaq- to sew, patch (it); (t) to mend its hole(s) @ killaiyaI- / anŋiqpagni killaiyaġaik he is patching his rubber boots | ‘-Q4 vn :Iyaq- nv

killaQ hole, perforation in clothing, boat, house, etc.; fontanelle, soft spot on baby’s head | ‘-Q4 vn

kilgaviuraq (Ti) altocumulus cloud

kilik- (t) to inform, warn her/him @ kilgi-, kiliksI- || :I-7 +sI-3 vv

kiliktuq- (t) to warn, inform her/him @ kiliktuI- / kasimayyaqtuksranik imma kiliktuiruq he is informing the people who are to meet | +tuq-2 vv || +I-7 vv

kiliktuun or kilgun warning, message, notice, announcement | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

kilit- (i) to cut animal hides into strips; (t) to cut it into strips @ kilitchI- / amaqqum amia kilitkaa she is cutting the wolf skin into strips

kilitaq strip of skin, e.g. to make rope | (aq4 vn syn kittaq

killalik white-winged scoter (Melanitta deglandi) § see killaQ

killI(Q) limit (of time or space); due date; border, line, edge of land which has been cleared; source of river; area next to wall or floor; stopping point, goal, destination, limit; crucial reason / iglum killiŋa sikumaruq the edge of the floor of the house is iced up § rel. qaaŋiuti

killi- or killigi- (Nu) (i) to reach a certain point, limit or goal; (t) to reach it=certain point, limit or goal | +[g]i-1 nv

Killiġmiu person from Killiq River area | +miu nn

killiġuaq piece joining boot sole to upper part | +ġuaq2 nn § rel. kiŋmiġun

killiġun snow shelter made of snow blocks covered with tarpaulin; (Nu) sod insulation skirting house at ground level inside house | -ġun nn

killiġusIq- (t) to skirt it=house / ivrumik killiġusiġaat they skirt it with sod

killIQ usually dl killiik (Nu) heel print in earth, snow where person drives heel in for support, e.g. when pulling on a rope | -k5 nn

killiŋiqsinniQ open water formed along the beach; water on edge of frozen lake or river where it begins to thaw / upinġaksraġman killiŋiqsinnikun ipiġannaraaġuuruq in the spring she enjoys wading in the open water formed along the shore | +ŋIq- nv (tit-1 vv +nniQ vn

killiŋiqsit- to begin to thaw around the shore in spring (of lake, river) | +ŋIq- nv +sit- vv

killuQ wrong one

killuaq- (Nu) (i) to err, make a mistake, to cross someone; (t) to make a mistake on it; to cross, betray her/him | aq-3 nv / killuaġaaŋa he crossed me, did me wrong

killuġi- (t) to oppose her/him/it | +[g]i1 nv

killukuaġun mistake | -kuaq- nv :un1 vn

killukuaq- to make a mistake, err (in it) / taiñil,uktani killukuaġaluamii il,il,l,akkaa after making several mistakes in pronunciation, he finally learned it | -kuaq- nv

killunmun wrong way, direction / killunmun isagutigaluaqtuaq he began going in the wrong direction, (but he no longer is) | (mun (term)

kilu1 part of house or tent opposite door; east (depending on geographical position)

>kiluagnaq(-), (Nu) kiluaknaq(-) east, east wind; southeasterly wind; to be windy from the east or southeast | -ak-1 nv +naq4 vn

kiluagnayaaq southwest; southwesterly wind | -ak-1 nv +naq4 vn -q-5 nv -yaaq2 vn

>kiluagniQ (Nu) east wind | perhaps +ak-3 nv +niQ1 vn

kilullIQ direction toward inland; one farthest toward the back or away from the ocean | +llIQ nn

kilumI located opposite the door | (mI (loc)

kilunmun toward inland (from BRW perspective), east? / aisaqami kilunmun igliġniqsuat paaġai as he was heading home he met travelers going inland | +nmun

kilutqut- to pass by (her/him/it) on the inland side / kilutqusiññaġuugaatigut isiġaluaġnani she just passes our house on the inland side without even coming in | -tqut- nv

kiluvaq- (i) to travel inland; to move away from the door in the house / makitaruat upkuam saniġaani kiluvaqtiłługich allat isiqtitkai by having the people standing by the door move up to the far side of the room, he let others in | +vaq- vv

kiluvaqtaaq- (i) to move up, to come further into the house toward the wall opposite the door; (t) to move her/him/it further into the house; to move it=usu a boat away from the sea, bring ashore / iñuk kiluvaqtaaqtuq qiiyavluni the person moved away from the door further into the room because he was cold | +vaq- vv +taaq-1 vv

kiluvaqtiġi- (i) to make repeated trips to bring things up from the shore; to take something away from the sea, bring on shore | +vaq- vv +tiġi- vv

kiluvasIk- (i) to be well within a house, to be far inland / tupqat samma kiluvasiksuq taġium siñaaniñ their tent is quite a way inland (from the ocean’s shore) | +vaq- vv +sIk-1 rv

kilu2 seam, stitch (could the stem be “kiluk”?)

killuk double seam | ‘-k (dual mkr)

kiluaġniQ rip in the seam | -aq-3 nv :niQ1 vn

kiluaq- (i) to rip, become undone (of seam); (t) to rip its seam @ kiluaqsI- / miquani kiluglugivlugu kiluaġaa she ripped her sewing at the seam because she felt it was unevenly stitched | -aq-3 nv

kilugIk- (i) to sew well with even stitches, to be sewn well / miquqami araa samma kilugiksuq when she sews, she does so with very even small stitches | +[g]Ik- nv

kilugluk- (i) to sew uneven or big stitches, to be sewn with uneven or big stitches / naġġugigaluaŋŋaan kiluglunaaqtani pitqiŋiñmigaa although she was not satisfied with the quality of her sewing, she did not rip it up (and do it again) | +luk-1 vv

kiluissaq- (i) to be now locked; (t) to lock it=door | perhaps :It-1 nv +saq-5 vv

kiluissaun lock | perhaps :It-1 nv +saq-5 vv :un1 vn § rel. agmaun, pitchiġiiyaun

kiluitchaq lock | :It-1 nv -tchaq2 nn

kiluiyaq- (i) to come apart at the seams; (t) to rip a seam @ kiluiyaI- / kiluiyaqqaaqługu atigini sipaaġaa after ripping her parka at the seam, she added a side section to enlarge it | :Iyaq- nv

kiluusaq(-) (Nu) lock; (i) to be now locked; (t) to lock it | perhaps +ut1 nv (saq(-)5 vn

kiluusaun lock | perhaps +ut1 nv (saq(-)5 vv

kiluutchaq(-) key and padlock; (t) to lock it | perhaps +ut1 nv (saq-3 vv syn agmaun, pitchiġiiyaun

kiluutchauti- (t) to lock her/him/it in or out

kiluunaġun slough

kil,igautiksrat (Nu) wide, front ribs of caribou

kil,igvak mammoth, mastodon / kil,igvaum tuugaaŋi aŋiqpaktut the tusks of a mastodon are very big | +vak1 nn

kil,ik- (t) to scrape it off of something; to scrape fat, etc from something, e.g. intestine; to scrape inner layer off of skin @ kil,iksI- / kil,iksivl,uni ugruum amianik uvluq naallakkaa she scraped the bearded seal skin all day long

kil,igaq- to scrape fat off a skin; to scrape baleen to desired size / kil,igaqtuq suqqanik umiaqpauraliuġukłuni he scraped some baleen to make a miniature boat with | +aq-1 vv

kil,igvIk piece of log used as a prop in scraping skins

kil,iuġruk- (i) to skin or scrape oneself; to abrade oneself without bleeding; (t) to skin or scrape it=one’s body part without cutting the skin / utummagni kil,iuġruksimaraik paasakaaqami she found out that she scraped the palms of her hands when she fell face forward | :uq-2 vv +rruk- vv

kil,iuq- to scrape (it) @ kil,iuqsI- / kammagmi aluŋik uluuramik kil,iuqługik salummaġaik she cleaned the soles of her boots by scraping them with an ulu | :uq-2 vv

kil,iutaq- (t) to scrape fat off of it=an animal skin, to clean (it) by scraping (it) @ kil,iutaI- / kil,iutaġaa natchiq uluuramik niviŋŋaqqaaqługu she hung up the sealskin and scraped it clean with an ulu | -utaq-2 vv

kil,Iq- (i) to cut oneself accidentally; (t) to cut her/him/it accidentally

kil,l,iaq- (i) to cut and wound oneself repeatedly; (t) to cut and wound her/him/it repeatedly | ‘aq- vv

kil,l,iaqtuq- (Nu) (i) to cut and wound oneself; (t) to cut and wound her/him | ‘aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv

kil,l,iġruaq bad wound; impetigo sores; leprosy / kil,l,iġruani salummaġaa auktilġataqługu he cleansed his bad sore until it bled | +ġruaq1 nn

kil,l,IQ cut on skin; sore | ‘-Q4 vn

kil,l,iqsuq- (i) to have a sore on skin | +tuq-3 nv

kil,it- to cut (it=skin) with an ulu or a knife / kil,ittut ammiñik they are splitting the skins / kil,itkaat they are splitting it=skin

kimagluk (Ti) an edible green

kimaktuun handle of skin scraper | +tuq2 vv :un1 vn (what verb?)

kimalIq or kimaliuraq small sewing ulu | -liQ4 n :uraq1 nn

kimI- (Ti) (i) to request, desire one’s personal song or ancestor’s song to dance to [Rainey 1947, p246 “that evening the members of the losing qalegi returned to the winners with their wives and children. Each man was dressed in a manner determined by his angoaks or by the animals associated with them.... Each family came up through the entrance hole as group and danced together before joining the crowd packed against the rear wall of the qalegi. If a man’s ancestor had composed a song, he would leap up through the entrance hole in advance of his family, an act called kimiraaq (asking for something as a child asks for more food), and symbolizing a request for the singers and drummers to play his song.”]

kimiñaaq act performed by man requesting that his family’s song be sung as he and his family enter the qargi | +naaq2 vn

kimiñaq- (Ti) (i) to desire, request things habitually, esp something other than what is available | +naq-1 vv

kimmun (Ti) personal song played at messenger feast to which a person dances | perhaps -uti1 vn

kimmIk(-) heel; (i) to kick, push with the heel; (t) to hit it with one’s heel; to tap one’s heel to it or on it; to hold it with one’s heel; to hit, push, tap, hold it with the heel

kimmiaq- (i) to bounce one’s heel up and down repeatedly (of male Iñupiaq dancer); (t) to hit it repeatedly with one’s heel / siku kimmiaqługu qauġaa she loosened the piece of ice by repeatedly kicking it with her heel | -aq-1 vv

kimmigñaq lowbush cranberry (Vaccinium vitisidaea) / kimmigñanik upinġaksraq pukuktuat pakikł,ugu aniu they picked some cranberries by digging in the snow in the spring

kimmigñaq or kimmigñauraq small pouch-like section in nape area of woman’s parka and snowshirt hood / kimmigñauralil,l,aiqł,ugu atikłiani qimmaksaliqsuq she got frustrated because she could not make the small pouch-like section in the nape of her parka hood | +naq3 nn :uraq1 nn

kimmitquun (Ti) heel tendon | -tquq nn -un3 nn

kimmitquq ?? top muscle of heel; heel skin; heel bone | -tquq nn / arraa kimmitquŋauna maksiŋapaluktuq wow, how thick with dirt the back of his ankle has become

kimmItquil,aq (Nu) sanderling (Calidris alba)

*kim (root) unpleasantness

kimnaq- (i) to have a bitter or an unpleasant taste / kimnaqsil,l,agniqsuq tiiliaġa suaŋanaaqpaiññiqł,ugu the tea I made has a bitter taste because I made it too strong / kimnaqsigaa tiiliaġa the tea I made has become bitter | +naq-1 rv rel. qakkiññaqsi-

kimnI- (i) to become dizzy, light-headed from tobacco smoke / sigaallasiñiatakami kimnivl,uni tatamittuaq when he was trying to learn to smoke, he learned his lesson because he became dizzy | -ni- rv

kiniq- (i) to be thick (of a liquid); to not slide easily, as a sled with bad runner / tiiġruaqtuqłuŋauvva qaniġa kiniqsimmiuq my mouth feels thick from drinking strong tea

kinatagun, kiŋatagun, kinattaun, kinataun or kiŋataun sled brake, brake, foot brake for sled; hindrance / paniuramnik kinatautiqaqłuŋa kiŋuġautchiruaŋa I was late because my little daughter was hindering me | :un1 vn

kinatak- or kiŋatak- (i) to resist going somewhere when someone wants you to; to go unwillingly; to apply brakes, slow down; (t) to slow it, apply brake to it / kinataktuq maliguŋił,ł,uni she resisted because she didn’t want to go along

kinatchIt- (i) to come to a stop in terrain through which travel is difficult (as a sled in sand); to get bogged down; to have difficultly swallowing food / kinatchiññami uniani uqikł,il,aaġnil,ukkai when his sled became bogged down, he tried to lighten his load | +tchIQ vn ‘=It-3 nv

kiniġniQ bone in caribou’s upper leg containing thick marrow, attached to hip; humerus, upper arm bone; marrow in hind leg of caribou | +niQ1 vn

kiniqsil,aaġun thickening for food, e.g. flour | +sI-1 vv +laaq-1 vv :un1 vn

kiniqtat dried meat kept in seal oil / imġusiaġrugmun kiniqtaliuqtuq she is putting some dried meat in a keg of seal oil | (t/raq4 vn -t (pl mkr) § rel. kiñit-

kinnaQ fool, crazy person; you fool / kinnaq, siuvva niuggaapiaqtuq that fool, I thought he really broke his leg § rel. kiniq-

kinnaaluk very crazy person; very annoying person | -aluk nn

kinnaġuq- (i) to go mad, crazy | +[ġ]uq- nv

kinnaksaq- (i) to misunderstand, be confused / kinnaksaqłuŋa killuk kamikłuuk kiluiyaġniġikka I ripped a wrong pair of pants by mistake | ‘-k-2 nv +saq-3 vv

kinnalaaq (Nu) fool | -laaq3 nn

kinnaŋa- (i) to be crazy, mentally ill

kinnaŋaaq- (i) to behave like a fool; to be senile; be mentally ill, crazy / kinnaŋaaqsiŋasugnaqtuq qanuq una naluva sunik uqaqtilaamiñik I think he has become senile, he does not know what he is talking about | (ŋaaq(-) nv

kinnau- (i) to be a fool, foolish / kinnauruq taamna iñuk, ukpiġinagu that person is foolish, don’t believe him | :u-2 nv

Kinnaum Nigaŋa or Kinnaq Niggiqsuq (Nu) rainbow [lit “crazy fool’s snare”] or [lit “crazy fool has set a snare”] § syn tulimmaq

kinnI- (t) to go crazy, to obsess her/him/it / taaŋŋam kinnigaa he is obsessed by liquor or liquor obsesses him | ‘=I-9 nv

kinniqi- (i) to act crazy | =Iqi- nv

kiña whos, whoms § see *kI1

kiñaliqaa anyone, whoever § see *kI1

kiñamI (interrog) who then, which person, I wonder § see *kI1

kiñapayaaq anyone § see *kI1

kiñI- (i) to squat down, sit down on honey bucket or toilet; (t) to sit her/him down on honey bucket or toilet; to hold her/him=child on a toilet or pot to urinate or defecate / kiññiuŋ nukaaluiñ! hold your little brother so he can go to the toilet | -ni2 vv

kiñiġvIk- to carry something in the front of one’s snowshirt or apron by raising the hem and forming a sort of pouch / kiñiġvikł,ugich pagmagraich aggisuutigai she took home the capelin by carrying them in a pouch formed by pulling up the front of her snowshirt | +vIk-3 vv

kiñiq(-) moist eczema, lochia, discharge of water from skin (a disease of dogs); (i) to become dehydrated (of dog due to disease); to filter through fabric or paper (of a liquid)

kiñalluQ or (Ti) kiññaġluk residue at bottom of liquid, dregs / kiñalluiyaġaa kiñitchiqł,ugu he removed the residue (from the water ) by letting it settle | -lluq vn or ‘-Q4 vn +luk2 nn

kiñiqsIq or >qiñiqsIq tonsil

kiñitchIq- (i) to be left to settle (of water); to let salt go out of ice to make fresh water; (t) to soak it in water; to leave it=water to settle @ kiñitchII- / immiuqtuq kiñitchiqł,ugu imaq qattaurami she made some potable water by letting the water settle in a large pot | +[t]sIq- vv § syn (Ti) kit-

kiñIt- (i) to immerse oneself in water; (t) to dip, soak or immerse her/him/it / kiñitchuq immamun sil,a uunaqpaił,ł,uni he immersed himself in water to cool off because of the hot weather | +t-1 vv

kiñitchiaq something left to soak | +[t]sIq- vv (aq4 vn

kiñitchIq- or kiñitchiaq- (i) to soak; to settle (of water); (t) to leave her/him/it to soak; to let it=water settle so that dirt falls to the bottom | +[t]sIq- vv

kiññiq ten-legged mythical polar bear

kiñŋu- (i) to capsize, roll over (of a vehicle or its occupants)

kiñŋuraġaaq- or (Ti) kinŋuraġaq- (i) to roll over and over in a kayak, do the “Eskimo roll” / qayaqtuqtuaq kiñŋuraġaaqtuq the kayaker demonstrated his ability to roll over and up again

kiñŋut- (t) to cause it to capsize, roll over | +t-1 vv

kiŋiaq- (i) to turn one’s head to look, look back; (t) to turn one’s head to look at, look back at her/him/it / kiŋiaqtuq ququularuamik tusaavluni she looked back hearing someone calling § syn qiviaq-

kiŋik- (i) to be high in elevation, e.g. mountain (PB) / ivunġich kiŋipaluksimarut I was really amazed at the height of the ice pressure ridges

kiŋmaq- to bite (her/him/it) repeatedly § see kigi-

kiŋmiaq(-) Eskimo firedrill, bow drill; something carried with the teeth, e.g. animal with young in teeth; to carry (her/him/it) with the teeth § see kigi-

kiŋmiġun seal skin edge between sole and fur part of boot § see kigi- rel. kigmiġun

*kiŋu (positional root) behind, back, time past

kiŋu- (i) to be late; to be over (of an activity); to be gone, have moved on (of animals); (t) to be late for her/him/it

kiŋu (Ti) three-quarter inch manila rope used with whaling harpoon § syn tukaqti

kiŋuanI area behind it; time after; after her/him/it (in time); behind her/him/it / kiŋuani tikitchuagut we arrived after he did | :a (poss abs 3s-s) (nI (loc)

kiŋuġaaġIIt succeeding generations | +[ġ]aq-6 vv (aq4 vn +[g]IIk/t nn

kiŋuġaanI before her/his/its time; located behind, in back | +[ġ]aq-6 vv (aq4 vn (nI (loc) § rel. tunu

kiŋuġaq- (t) to miss her/him/it, having come too late; to miss it=moving target by shooting behind it / aŋani tautugiaqsauraqtani kiŋuġaġaa she missed seeing her uncle whom she had rushed to see because she came too late | +ġaq-6 vv

kiŋuġaq or kiŋuqqaq back of boot, calf of leg | +[ġ]aq2 nn or -qqaq nn

kiŋuġaġlugun hind leg sinew | +[ġ]aq2 nn +lugun nn

kiiŋuqqaglugun (Nu) sinew on hind leg of caribou | +lugun nn

kiŋuġaqłiġIIk- (i) to be in line, one behind the other / kiŋuġaqłiġiiksiłłutiŋ taliqsut they performed the bench dance (sit-down motion dance) in a line behind each other | +[ġ]aq2 vn +llIQ nn +[g]IIk- nv

kiŋuġautchI- or kiŋuġauti- (i) to be late; to miss something, being too late / kiŋuġautchivl,uŋa nuŋuġutipkaġniqsuaŋa because I was too late, there was nothing left for me | +[ġ]aq-6 vv –ut-1 vv +sI-3 vv

kiŋullak- (i) to die to the last one | -llak-1 vv

kiŋulliññaak (Ti) hind legs | +llIQ nn -naaq3 nn -k (dual mkr)

kiŋullIQ one in the back, one previous | +llIQ nn

kiŋulvatigun (Ti) later on | +vaq- vv -tigun (via) § rel. kiŋuvatigun

kiŋumuk- (i) to wane (of moon); to have liquid run back down one’s arms | (mun (term) -k- nv

kiŋumun to the rear | (mun (term)

kiŋunġuu- (i) to mourn / kiŋunġuuruat ikayuġiaġai she went to help the people who were mourning | -nġuu- vv

kiŋuniQ or kiŋuniiQ descendant; (Nu) ancestor / kiŋuniivut nunaqaquvlugil,l,i uvlupak savaktugut we are working today because we want our descendants to also have land | :niQ1 vn

kiŋunmun, backwards; back again, returning | +nmun (term)

kiŋuŋIq- (Nu) (t) to keep her/him/it from returning home, block her/his/its way home, e.g. keep an animal from returning to its burrow, hole | (ŋIq- nv

kiŋuppiaq- (i) to move, step backward once / kiŋuppiaqsaqłuni mauruq aqayamun he stuck his foot in the mud when he tried to move backward | +ppiaq-2 vv

kiŋuppiaqtuq- (i) to go in reverse, move backwards / kiŋuppiaqtuqtuq argunmun igliġuŋił,ł,uni he is walking backwards because he does not want to walk into the wind | +ppiaq-2 vv +tuq-2 vv

kiŋuppiŋa- (i) to be born feet first; breeched | +ppI- vv (ŋa- vv

kiŋuppiŋaraq a breech-birth | +ppI- vv (ŋa- vv +raq1 vn

kiŋuvaannak- (i) to inherit / aakaalumniñ kiŋuvaannaŋaruŋa atigiŋanik I have inherited my grandmother’s parka | +vaq- vv (aq4 vn -nnak- nv

kiŋuvaaq >(Nu) descendant | +vaq- vv (aq4 vn

kiŋuvaat inheritance, knowledge passed down from ancestors / aŋayuqaapta kiŋuvaaksriñŋagaatigut uqalumignik our parents have left us their wisdom in words | +vaq- vv (aq4 vn -t (pl mkr)

kiŋuvaq- (i) to move toward the rear; (t) to miss, be late for her/him/it | +vaq- vv

kiŋuvatigun later on | +vaq- vv -tigun (via) § rel. kiŋulvatigun

kiŋuvġu- (Ti) (CJ?) to mourn (for her/him/it) | -vġu- vv

*kipa (root) source of one’s hilarity, teasing of

kipaaġun hilarity | -q-1 vv :un1 vn

kipaaq- (i) to joke, be hilarious; to cause laughter by one’s hilarious mood / kipaaqtuat aaqsallaiqsittaatigut those clowns made us laugh so hard we couldn’t stop laughing | -q-1 vv

kipagi- (t) to mock, tease, make fun of her/him/it @ kipakłIq- / kipakłiqulaitkaatigut aŋayuqaapta our parents teach us not to mock or tease | +[g]i-2 rn

kipautigi- (t) to mock, tease her/him/it | :uti2 rv +[g]i-1 nv

kipak (Ti) dirt, food on the face § rel. ipiq

kippII- (Ti) (i) to get dirt, food on one’s face | perhaps ‘-Iq- vv -I-6 vv

kipaluk(-) errand boy, handy man; to serve, run errands, be a handy man (for her/him/it) / kipaluupayuguuruq aakaalugmiñun he runs errands for his grandmother / aañaŋaa kipalullasianiksimakami how cute, he is already able to run errands § rel. kivgaq

kipaluatchiaq (Nu) servant | -atchiaq nn § rel. kivgaq

kipi- (i) to be severed, cut; to stop flowing (of stream); to stop coming (of people or animals); (t) to sever, cut it, to disconnect her/his telephone, electricity, television; to crosscut, cut against its grain @ kipisI- / al,l,ai, sil,akkuaqtuanik naalaktuannaraaqtuagut kipigaat tamaunaġruiññaq oh no, we were enjoying listening to a radio program when they cut it off in the middle

kippaku left-over piece which has been cut off | ‘-Q4 vn -ku(-) nn

kippaQ cut-off piece | ‘-Q4 vn

kipputi- (i) to be cut off; to be cut loose, e.g. dog which chews through rope | :uti-2 vv

kipuq- or kipluq- (Nu) (t) to cut, sever it repeatedly, into several pieces | +q-7 vv ~luq5 vv § also kivluq-

kivliq- (t) to cut it in two | -liq-3 vv

kivluivik harvest time; place to cut things | +luq-5 vv -I-7 vv +vIk1 vn

kivluq- (t) to cut it into lengths, e.g. rope, log @ kivluI- / akłunaaq kivluqqaaqługu piñiliuqtuq after cutting lengths from the rope he made himself a pair of insoles | ~luq-5 vv || -I-7 vv

kivluun cross-cut saw | +luq-5 vv :un1 vn

kivraq- (i) to cut one’s hair; (t) to cut her/his/its hair @ kivraI- / kivrayuruq samma apiqsruġiaġuŋ he is good at cutting hair, go ask him | ~raq-4 vv || -I-7 vv

kivraq something that has been cut | ~raq1 vn

kivraqti barber | ~raq-4 vv +t/rI3 vn

kivraun ( kivrautik hair clippers, something to cut hair with; haircutting scissors | ~raq4 vv :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

kivrI- to cut, sever something (of hers/his) | ~rI-5 vv

kivluaq knee-high hairless, sealskin waterproof boot with bearded seal-skin sole | -luk-3 vv (aq4 vn § rel. qaqłIk

kivluatchiaq short, mid-calf length boot; (Ti) mukluk to a height below the knee | -tchiaq3 nn

kiŋmiġun connecting strip sewn between body of the boot to the sole § see kigi- rel. kigmiġun

kigmiġun a connecting strip sewn between the body of the boot to the sole | +miaq(-) vv vn -ġun nn § rel. killiġuaq

kigmiġutiksraq animal hide to be made into strips; connecting strip between body of boot and sole of boot | +miaq(-) vv, vn -ġunġuti nn +ksraq(-)1 nn

killiġuaq piece joining boot sole to upper part | +ġuaq2 nn § rel. kiŋmiġun

*kipiq (root) a feeling of desire for an optimun outcome

kipiġi- (i) to be anxious to do something; to persist | +[g]i-2 rv

kipiġniuġun desire | +naq2 vn ‘=Iuq-2 nv :un1 vn

kipiġniuq- (i) to yearn, long for, have a longing desire for something, to search longingly for / atigitchiaġuum uvva ammiñik kipiġniuqtuŋa I am anxiously trying to find some furs because of my desire for a new parka | +naq2 rn ‘=Iuq-2 nv

kipinŋusuk- (i) to speak one’s mind without realizing it might hurt others’ feelings; to yearn to do something but be unable to, so one worries and frets about it | -nŋu-2 vv +suk-3 vv

kipiqqutaġi- (t) to be anxious to have it done or get it over with / kipiqqutaġigaa savaani naallaiqł,ugu she is anxious to get her work done because it is taking so long | +[g]i-2 rv ‘utaq vn +[g]i-1 nv

kipiqsruq- (i) to keep on trying, to persist; (t) to urge, tell her/him/it to keep on trying, persisting / qimmiq kipiqsruqtuq killunmun the dog keeps trying to pull in the wrong direction (not with the rest of the team) | -qsruq-2 vv

kipit- (i) to become, stained, dyed, brewed (of tea); (t) to stain, to dye it; to influence her/him/it so that her/his/its behavior resembles yours @ kipitchI- / tainnauvva uqaġuuruam kipitkaaŋa the person who talks like that now has me talking like he does || +sI-3 vv

kipinniq stain | +niQ1 vn

kipitchiaq dyed skin, esp dyed red with alder | +[t]sIq- vv (aq4 vn

kipitchiun dye

kipkaq- or kipkaluk- to eat (it) down to the bone; to eat the meat off it=bone | -luk-3 vv

kipkaqsiġiil,at vertebrae above the lumbar vertebrae | +siġiaq- vv =Il,aq vn -t (pl mkr)

>kiput- (t) to cause them to exchange places [?]; to get someone to initiate you

>kiputtaun saw tooth bender | :un1 vn

*kipuyu (root) obtuse, slow to comprehend

kipuyuŋa- (i) to not understand, to be unable to distinguish between things | (ŋa- vv

kipuyuŋaiŋaIt- (t) to not yet understand it fully or to still be unable to distinguish it from others; to not have learned it fully / taamna atuun kipuyuŋaiŋaitkigasuli I still have not completely learned that song | (ŋa- vv :Iq-2 vv (ŋaIt- vv

kipuyuŋaIq- (t) to come to understand, distinguish between them / kipuyuŋaiġataŋagikka malġik niviaqsiaŋŋuġataġmagnik I finally was able to tell the twins apart after they became young ladies | (ŋa- vv :Iq-2 v

kirgavialaaq- (i) for there to be altocumulus and cirrus clouds

kirgavIk goshawk (Accipiter gentilis); peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus); gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) | -vIk3 nn

kirgaviatchauraq (Nu) merlin, western pigeon hawk (Falcon columbarius); gnat, no-see-um | -atchauraq nn

kirgavigruaq (Nu) peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) | +ġruaq nn § rel. aatqarruaq

kiriuraq [ENG] (Ti) cat

kirrak- (i) to be lukewarm (of liquid)

kirratchiaq- (i) to be sunny weather | -tchiaq-2 vv

kirratchiaqtit- (t) to shine brightly | -tchiaq-2 vv -tit-2 vv

kirrIq- (Ti) (i) to have a fever | ‘=Iq-1 nv

kiruq- (Ti) (i) to be unable to frequent something taboo, to shun a sick person [Rainey 1947, p247 “... after the games and yowak dances, the umeliks and their wives prepared for ‘the sitting’ ceremony. This was a religious affair when umeliks were taboo (qiruk) and when all members of the qalegi behaved ‘as if they were in church’.”]

kiruġi- (Ti) (t) to shun, avoid, e.g. something taboo, a sick person | +[g]i-1 vv § rel. agliġi-

kiruġnaq- (i) to be taboo, something which must be avoided | +naq-1 vv

kiruqtaIt- (Ti) (i) to not need to avoid, shun things, not be bound by taboo | (t/rI3 vn :It-1 nv

kiruqtau- (Ti) (i) to be observant or respectful of taboo, avoiding what is to be avoided | +t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv § rel. agliqtau- agliġIk-

kisaq(-) pl kitchat boat anchor; net anchor (usu a gunny sack full of sand); (i) to anchor, to cast or drop anchor; (t) to cast or drop its anchor, to anchor it / kisaqtuŋa I’ve dropped the anchor / umiaq kisaġiga I anchored the boat

kisaIq- (t) to weigh, take up its anchor @ kisaiqsi- / kisaiqsiruŋa I weigh anchor; kisaiġiga I take up its anchor | ‘=Iq-1 nv

*kisI (root) aloneness § rel. *kI1

kisI- (i) to bow, lower the head § rel. siki-, kurraq-

kisian only her/him/it; unless; only if / kisian il,isimagiga I know only her | +an (3s non-refl dependent mkr)

kisiigñik themd alone | +Igñik (3d non-refl dependent mkr)

kisiisa them alone | +Isa (3p non-refl dependent mkr)

kisima I, me alone | +ma (1s dependent mkr)

>kisimalluaq (Nu) hill or mountain standing alone | -lluaq nn

kisimatchiaq all by myself | +ma (1s dep mkr) -tchiaq4 (encl)

kisimġaaq person with no relatives, someone or something alone, by itself | ~mġuq- rv perhaps =aaq3 rv

kisimġiuq- (i) to be alone | ~mġuq- rv ‘=Iuq-2 vv

kisimġuqtaaq- (i) to exclude others from one’s activities; (t) to isolate it / kisimġuqtaaġaa he is isolating it and doing something to it alone; kisimġuqtaaqtuq he is isolating himself from the others; >kisimġuqtaaġataqłuni niġisuuruq he always eats alone | +mġuq- rv +taaq-1 vv

kisimi she/he or it alone / kisimi pil,l,agaa he can do it alone | +mi (3s refl dependent mkr, used as subj only)

kisimik theyd alone | +mik (3d refl dependent mkr, used as subj only)

kisimiŋ they alone | +miŋ (3p refl dependent mkr, used as subj only)

kisimnuk wed, usd alone | +mnuk (1d dependent mkr)

kisipta wep, usp alone | +pta (1p dependent mkr)

kisiŋŋuq- (i) to be left alone; to become the only one left; (t) to fail to include or take her/him/it along; to leave it, them as the only one or ones remaining; to leave her/him/it all alone / malġuuk kisiŋŋuġaik she left only two | (ŋŋuq-2 nv

kisiŋŋuqtaq one that is left alone, behind | (ŋŋuq-2 nv +t/raq4 vn

kisivich you alone / kisivit qiñiġaqtaqpiñ I took a picture of you only | +vIt (2s abs mkr)

kisivsik youd alone / kisivsik qaivisik did youd come alone | +vsik (2d abs mkr)

kisivsI youp alone | +vsI (2p abs mkr)

kisisaq grounded ice pile which keeps landlocked ice from floating away § rel kisaq

kisIt- (i) to be in the process of being counted; to count; (t) to count them @ kisitchI-

kisirrun or kisitchiñ number | +run1 vn or +n1 vn § rel. paqirrun

kisisaq something included in the count | (aq4 vn

kit- (Ti) (i) to settle (of water) § rel. kiñit-

kitchiaq- (Ti) (i) to be left to settle (of water); (t) to let it=water settle | +[t]sIq- vv -aq-1 vv syn kiñitchIq

kitigaq(-) (Nu) string which holds drum skin to frame; (t) to attach it=drum skin to its frame with string

kitigaġvIk groove around outside of drum frame where string is strung to attach the drum skin | +vIk1 vn § syn iriġvik

kitik(-) white rock which is pulverized and used in tanning; (t) to rub white abrasive powder on it=skin as part of tanning process

kitchI- to pulverize (it=white rock) for tanning powder | ‘=I-1 nv

kitchiñ gadget used to pulverize white rock; (Ti) piece of rock to be pulverized to make powder used in tanning | ‘=I-1 nv +n1 vn

kitiuraq [ENG “kitten”] domestic cat | +uraq nn

kitkuk dual form of kia and kiña § see *kI1

kitkut plural form of kia and kiña § see *kI1

kittiq- (t) to slice it @ kittiġi- / kittiġaa niqi autaagaksrani he sliced the meat which he was to divide into shares || -I-7 vv

kittaQ strip of skin to be used for rope; something sliced | ‘-Q4 vn syn kilitaq

kigu- to answer (her/him/it) @ kiusI-, kiurI- | +sI-3 vv +rI- vv

kiggun an answer, a reply | ‘n1 vn

kigguqłak- to answer nastily | -qłak- nv

kiuma- or (Ti) kiumŋa- to keep answering, talking back (to her/him/it) | +ma-1 vv or +mŋa- vv

kiunasaaŋIt- to not hesitate to answer (her/him/it) | +nasaaq- vv ? (ŋIt- vv

kiuġuya or kiguġuya northern lights, aurora borealis / kiuġuya atuutiqqaaqługu il,il,gaat qimaaraqtut the children would run away after singing to the northern lights

kiŋuyakkii or kiguġuyakkii the title of the child’s song about the northern lights

*kIv (dem root) in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) § rel. *qav

kimña, dual kipkuak, pl kipkua (abs dem pron) that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

kiptuma or kivsruma or kivruma, dual kipkuak , pl kipkua (dem rel pron) that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

kiptumanI or kivsrumanI or kivrumanI, dual kipkugnagni, pl kipkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

kiptumaŋŋa or kivsrumaŋŋa or kivrumaŋŋa, dual kipkugnaŋŋa, pl kipkunaŋŋa from that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

kiptumatun or kivsrumatun or kivrumatun, dual kipkugnaktun, pl kipkunatitun like that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

kiptumiŋa or kivsrumiŋa or kivrumiŋa, dual kipkugniŋa, pl kipkuniŋa that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

kiptumuŋa or kivsrumuŋa or kivrumuŋa, dual kipkugnuŋa, pl kipkunuŋa to that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

kiptumuuna or kivsrumuuna or kivrumuuna, dual kipkugnuuna, pl kipkunuuna via, with that one in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

kivaknaq(-) (Nu) wind blowing downstream; (i) for wind to blow downstream | +a (dem adv mkr) -k-3 rv +naq(-)4 vn

kivaliñiQ east side, eastward | +a (dem adv mkr) +liñiQ n

kivallIQ area to one’s right facing the ocean; east; (Ti) inner room of house | +a (dem adv mkr) +llIQ nn

kivanI (dem adv in loc) located up the coast (restricted and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

kivanIIt- (i) to be located up the coast (restricted and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

kivaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from up the coast (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

kivaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from up the coast (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

kivaŋŋaq- (i) to come from up the coast (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

kivanmun towards the east, eastward | +a (dem adv mkr) nmun (term)

kivaŋnaq- (Ti) to blow (of northeast wind) / kivaŋnaqtuq there is a northeast wind | -k-3 rv +naq(-)4 vn

kivuŋa (dem adv in term) to up the coast (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

kivuŋanmun towards up the coast (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

kivuŋaq- (i) to go up the coast (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

kivuuna (dem adv in via) via, through up the coast (restricted and visible) | uuna (dem via)

kivuunaaq- (i) to go via, through up the coast (restricted and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

kivva (dem adv) in there, or up the coast (restricted and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

kivgaq(-) servant, messenger § rel kipaluk(-), kI2

kivgaluk(-) person who runs errands; to serve and wait on (her/him) | -luk(-)4 vn § syn kipaluk(-)

kivgaluk muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) | +luk5 nn

kivgaluuraq boy helper at whaling camp | -luk(-)4 vn :uraq1 nn

>kivgaqtuq- (Nu) to serve and wait (on her/him) | +tuq-2 vv

kivgIt those who invite others to a messenger feast; host village? | ‘=Iq-1 nv -t (pl mkr)

kivgIq- (i) to have a messenger feast | ‘=Iq-1 nv

kivI- (i) to sink

kiviġruq- (Ti) to test (it=depth of water) | -qsruq-2 vv § syn kiviuqsraq-

kiviikł,uŋa- (i) to always wear sagging pants | -q-1 vv -kłuk(-) vn (ŋa- vv

kivil,iq- (i) to “slip away”, be forgotten of something one tries to remember; to forget; to sink suddenly / atqa taiqqayaqtaġa kivil,iqtuq I almost said her name, but it slipped away | -liq-2 vv

kiviqi- (i) to have one’s pants fall down; to pull down one’s pants; (t) to pull down her/his pants | -qi- vv

kiviqiŋa- (i) to have sagging or pulled-down pants | -qi- vv (ŋa- vv

kivIt- (t) to sink it @ kivitchI- / kivitkaa umiaŋat kuugmun iññuqługnun maliquŋił,ł,uni he sank the boat in their river not wanting the bad people to follow him | -t-1 vv

kiviuqsraq- to test (it=depth of water) | :uq-2 vv +qsraq-1 vv § syn (Ti) kiviġruq-

kivigruk- (i) to do the “stick” performance (of shaman); to use a divining stick to determine whether a sick person will get well | perhaps +rruk- rv

kivik- (i) to lift oneself; (t) to lift her/him/it @ kiviksI- || +sI-3 vv

kiviktit- to appear raised, lifted of things on horizon, esp on ocean / iglut kiviktitkai the houses appear raised | +tit-2 vv

kivvak- to lift (her/him/it) repeatedly @ kivvaI- | ‘-k-2 vv

kiviq- (Ti) (t) to stuff it

kivvii- to fill, stuff (it)

kivviaq- (i) to stuff something; (t) to stuff it | +aq-1 vv

kivviġruaq caribou appendix (?)[tuttum itchauraŋi kivviiraġigait puuqługit nigukkaŋata saniġaŋaniittuamik, tavra taamna kivviġruaq] [This needs more work]

kivviġiruaq (Nu) Dactylina lichen, finger-like with hollow thallus

kivvII- (i) to stuff things into something; (t) to stuff things into it / kivviiruq paniqtanik ugriñġaliamun she stuffed dried meat in the seal oil poke | -I-12 vv

kiviiraq (Nu) muzzle-loader rifle | -I-12 vv +t/raq4 vn

kivviQ stomach of caribou filled with fat, cooked, dried, and eaten | ‘-Q4 vn

Kraisimaq- (from English-Christmas) (i) to celebrate Christmas

KraisimaġvIk Christmas | +vIk1 vn

ku ku(u) (excl) call to start or scare dogs [English “go”?] rel kuuqtuq-

*ku (root) downward movement or orientation § see kurraq-, kurruk-, kusIq-, kutaaq-, kutit-, kuuk, kuvI-, kusulugaq, kutchuQ

kuiŋIq(-) smoking pipe; (i) to smoke a pipe / amauługma irrusia kuiŋiġman itqallaguugiga I sometimes remember how my great-grandmother looked and acted when she smoked her pipe § from Chukchi

kukIk1 hoof; fingernail; stone end of scraper

kukigmIk- to claw at (her/him/it) with fingernails; to pinch or hold (her/him/it) with one’s fingernails | +mIk-1 nv

kukigralik (Ti) flint arrowhead | +ksraq1 nn -lik1 nn

kukiil,ik hoof | -il,ik nn

kukimmala- to try to hold onto (her/him/it) with one’s fingertips | +mmala- nv

kukkak- or kukkIk- (i) to have nails, claws grow / kikkiksuq his nails are growing

kukIk2 [ENG] cook

kukiu- to cook (it) / tuttu quaġupayuktaġa kukiumagaa she cooked the caribou meat which I wanted to eat frozen | :u-1 nv

kukiun (Ti) cooking pot | ‘n1 vn § syn utkusIk

kukiutnaq (Nu) cooking pot | ‘n1 vn +naq3 nn § syn utkusIk

kukil,uk- (i) to go about from place to place; to travel; (t) to travel it, over it; (t) to wait on, serve her/him / ataataluum manna nuna iluqaan kukil,uŋasugnaġaa I think that the old man has walked, traveled all over this land / kukil,ukkaa nuna she is traveling over the land | perhaps -luk-3 nv § syn aġiyuk-, yugit-

kukil,ukti messenger, servant | perhaps -luk-3 nv (t/ri3 vn

kukinaq- to be clean and orderly

kukługaq chunk of ice in house placed over water bucket to melt, drip, providing drinking water § rel. sil,l,IQ, kusulugaq

kukługiuri to have sheets of rain falling from clouds

kuksrasuk- (i) to be unsure, lack confidence of the correct way of doing something; to fail to do something; to do hesitantly | -suk-3 rv

kukuk- (i) to build, light a fire; (t) to build a fire in, light it=stove | +uk ? § rel. ikit- under iki-

kukuun or kukuutiksrat kindling / maqpiġaanik kukuusiqł,uni igniqsuqtuq using paper for kindling she started a fire (in the stove) | :un1 vn +ksraq(-)1 nn -t (pl mkr)

kukukłiq a stone harder than some stones

kukurvak arrowhead used for stunning birds | +vak1 nn

kukuvlak (Ti) spotted stone used for head of sealing club | +lak2 nn [IS IT KUKULVAK?]

kukuvyuġaq tomcod and sea sculpin broth | +[ġ]aq5 nn

kulavak caribou cow; ewe | +vak1 nn

kulavagruatchauraq very old skinny caribou cow | +vak1 nn +ġruaq1 nn -tchaq2 nn :uraq1 nn

kulavagruatchiaq old caribou cow, ewe | +vak1 nn +ġruaq1 nn +tchiaq3 nn

kulavauraq young caribou cow (2-year-old) which has not born a calf | +vak1 nn :uraq1 nn

kuluunaġun sheltered inlet ?THIS MUST BE KILUUNAUN LISTED AS "SLOUGH" - CHECK!

kumak louse, larva of caribou botfly; (Nu) smooth white bug found in tree trunks (eaten by woodpeckers) § rel kumik-

kumaġuq worm which lives in ponds | +ġuq2 n :u-3 nv

kumaiq- (i) to be rid of lice

kumaiqsuaq- (i) to look for lice in one’s hair; (t) to look for lice in her/his hair | :Iq-2 nv +suaq-2 vv

kumaiyaugaurat fine-tooth comb (used when delousing) | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn :uraq1 nn -t (pl mkr)

kumaksrallIQ (Nu) reindeer, caribou covered with lice in spring | +ksraq(-)1 nn -llIQ nn § rel. upinġaksrallIQ

kumauraq beans, rice | :uraq1 nn -t (pl mkr) § rel. saviqquuraq, syn niliġnaq

kummak- (i) to be infested with lice, full of lice; (t) her/him/it gets infested with lice |

‘-k-2 nv,vv,rv

kumik- (i) to scratch an itch; (t) to scratch her/him/it to relieve an itch § rel kumak

kumigaq- to rake (it) | +aq-1 vv

kumigautit rake, metal claw to scratch ice and attract seals; comb or rake to thin fur | +aq-1 vv :un1 vn

kumŋun or kumŋutit (Nu) any clawlike device, e.g. ice scratcher used by seal hunters or antler points carved with serrations used to scrape off inner layer of a skin | :un1 vn

*kummaq (root) need ??

kummaala- (i) to be frantically looking for something; to be in need of something desperately / upaluŋaiyaŋitqaaqłuni sunaqsimman kummaalasuuruq after not preparing, he always ends up turning the place upside down looking for something | -ala- vv

kummaaluk- (i) to be in need of something but have difficulty obtaining it | -luk- vv

kunIk- to kiss (her/him/it); to smack into each other, to bring something near to the nose to sniff; (t) to bring something near to one’s nose to smell it / igl,ukisaaqtuam uyaġaŋik kunikł,utik qivsaktuk the juggler’s rocks smacked together and flew off

>kuniaq pig | -aq4 vn § rel. tuttuqłuk

kunił,ukaq- (i) to fall flat on one’s face / qimaktuqsaqpaił,ł,uni kunił,ukaqtuq in his rush to get away, he fell flat on his face | -łuk-3 vv -kaq-1 vv

kunipIq- to kiss (her/him/it) repeatedly | -pIq- vv

kuniun tip of nose | :un1 vn

kuniuġaq- to smell (it) repeatedly to determine whether it is spoiled | :uq-2 vv +aq-1 vv

kuniuq- (t) to sniff at her/him/it (as an animal does) / kuniuġaa niqi tippakkasugivlugu she is sniffing the meat to see if it has a strong odor | :uq-2 vv

kupkaq- (Ti) (i) to be not fully baked (of breadstuffs)

kupkaġnalaaq (Ti) flavorful, tender meat | +naq(-)1 vv vn –laaq3 vn

kupkaġnaq- (Ti) (i) to be flavorful, tender (of meat) | +naq(-)1 vv vn

kupkaluk- (i) to have something sticky on oneself, to have food or any sticky substance stuck to it, e.g. a pot, clothes / argatka kupkaluksirut nuŋuraamiñ my hands have gotten sticky from candy | +luk-1 nv

kupkanaq- (JN) kupkannaq- (i) to be sticky to the touch | +naq(-)1 rv

kupkI(-) piece of something stuck between teeth; (i) to get something stuck between

teeth; to pick teeth / maktaktuqqaaqłuŋa kupkitka piil,l,aiġitka after eating

maktak I can’t get the pieces out from between my teeth | ‘=I-1 vv

kupkil,I- or kupkiiyaq- to pick one’s teeth clean |‘=I-1 vv -lI-3 nv or :Iyaq- nv

kupkil,iñ toothpick / kupkil,isiga ugruum umiŋa my toothpick is a bearded seal’s whisker | ‘=I-1 vv -lI-1 nv ‘n1 vn

kupkIt- (i) to have food stuck between one’s teeth

kurauq (Ti) [ENG] cross, crucifix

kurraq- (i) to put one’s head lower than one’s torso; to bow; (Ti) to lower one’s head |

-rraq-2 rv § see *ku

>kurrakuraq (Nu) semi-palmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) | -kuraq vn

kurraŋa- (i) to be steep; to have one’s head lower than one’s torso | (ŋa- vv

kurraqhuaq- (i) to fall head over heels | -qhuaq- vv

kurraqsruq- (i) to lower one’s head (as when looking for something) | ‘aq-1 rv -qsruq-2 vv

kurruk- (i) to lower one’s head in humility, sadness or shame | -rruk- rv § see *ku

kurrI- to make a river, a rivulet of running water, as dripping water makes a stream on (it) § see kuuk

kurugaġnaq American wigeon (Anas americana)

kurugaq pintail duck (Anas acuta)

kurukaałhusIq or kurukaaluġusIq (Nu) green-winged teal (Anas crecca)

kurvak or kutvak (Nu) large flat arrowhead, e.g. for ptarmigan, made of antler with four marks, indentations § rel kukurvak

kusIq- to drip (on her/him/it) / qallutin uvva kusiqsuq nukiŋamaruq your cup is dripping, it has a crack | +sIq-4 vv § see *ku

kusiġñiQ drop of liquid | +sIq-4 vv +niQ1 vn

kusiġaq- to drip (on it) | +aq-1 vv

kusiqaq place where melting snow drips | +sIq-4 vv -qaq2 vn

kutchiil,isaq receptacle to catch dripping liquid / kusiqsimamman salumaruamik kutchiil,itchiqsauraqtaġa when I saw that it was dripping clean clear water, I quickly put a receptacle under it | ‘-il,isaq vn § see *ku

kutchiil,itchiq- to place a receptacle to catch a drip

kutchitchiq- (Ti) (t) to place a receptacle under a drip to catch it | perhaps ‘=It-4 vv +[t]sIq- vv § see *ku

kusulugaq or (Nu) kutulugaq icicle / kusulugaq Utqiaġvigmiut taisuugaat kukługaq, Kuuvagmiut kusugaq the Barrow people call “kusulugaq” kukługaq, the Kobuk people call it “kusugaq” | +sulugaq rn § rel. kukługaq, *kur

kusulukkI- for icicles to form | ‘=I-1 nv

kutak- (i) to speak with a foreign accent, to speak a different dialect; (t) to speak in a different dialect to her/him / kutaktuat tusaakamigich sumiñŋaqtilaaŋiññik il,itchuġiliqtuq when he heard them talking with an accent he instantly knew where they came from

kutit- to drip (on her/him/it) / kutittuam qiŋapkun nalautiġaaŋa the drop caught me right on the nose | -tit-3 rv § see *ku

kutaaq- (i) to be dripping steadily; (t) to drip on her/him/it steadily | -tit-3 rv -aq-1 vv § see *ku

kutchuQ resin, spruce gum; chewing gum | -tit-3 rv ‘-Q4 vn

kutchuġruaq sticky yellow ear wax | -tit-3 rv ‘-Q4 vn +ġruaq1 nn

kutchuq- (i) to misfire (of gun); to be defeated, unsuccessful; to give up plans / aullaaqsaġaluaqtuagut kutchuqtuagut il,akput naŋiliġman we were going to go camping, but we gave up our plans when one of us got sick

kuttaq- to be injured in an accident § syn piyaqquq-

kuruk river | -uk rn § see *kur

kurgIt or kuugIt rivers | :It (pl mkr)

kurrak two rivers | ‘-k (dual mkr)

kurriaq drainage ditch | ‘=I-1 nv (aq4 vn

kurriñiQ river or stream bed, place through which water runs, groove cut by running water | ‘=I-1 nv +niQ1 vn

kuugaaġruk slough or channel on flat tundra | +gaq6 nn -aġruk nn

kuugaatchiaq stream linking lake to river | +gaq6 nn -atchiaq2 nn

kuugaluk or kuugauraq or kuuġuuraq stream, creek / kuugauram siñaanun pauŋŋaatiŋ unitchuuraŋich aasii iñupayaam atullavlugik they used to leave their hip boots by the river so anyone who wanted to could use them | +gaq6 nn +luk2 nn or +gaq6 nn :uraq1 nn or +ġuq2 nn :uraq1 nn

kuuġuq valley, furrow, ditch; tributary river, brook, creek, stream | +ġuq2 n

kuuġuqłuk little creek | +ġuq2 nn +luk2 nn

kuuk six (at cards) ?

Kuukpaaġruk Kuparuk River

KuukpIk Colville River; (Nu) main channel of a river (which has branched) | +pIk2 nn

Kuuvak Kobuk River

Kuuvagmiut people of the Kobuk Valley / Kuuvagmiuni il,aqaqsimaruagut aakaalugma il,aŋiññik I found out that we had relatives among the Kobuk people from my grandmother’s relatives | -vak1 nn (miu nn -t (pl mkr)

kuukpiaq coffee (from kuuppiaq from Russian kofe)

kuukukiaq common snipe (Capella gallinago) § syn saavġaq

kuutchIQ pelvic bone (containing hip socket)

kuutchiik pelvic bone (half of pelvic girdle) | ‘-k (dual mkr)

kuutchiñaaq pelvic bones, pelvic girdle | -naaq3 nn § rel ukpan

kuutchiñiQ rump | -niQ4 nn

kuutchiññaaq- (i) to injure one’s pelvic bone | -niQ4 nn ‘-aq-3 nv

kuuq- (t) to tell it=a dog, etc to go once

kuuqtuq- (i) to call “ku” repeatedly to urge the dog team on; (t) to call “ku” repeatedly to them=dogs on dogteam to urge them on | -q-2 nv +tuq-2 vv rel ku

kuvI- to spill (on her/him/it); (t) to spill, pour it out @ kuvirI-, kuvisI- § see *ku syn kuviq-

kuviaq (Nu) bullet made by pouring into mold | (aq4 vn

kuviġaq- to spill (it) repeatedly / sil,ivitpaił,ł,ugu akigaqtaqtik kuviġaġaak they filled the container that they are carrying too full and are therefore spilling it repeatedly | +ġaq-7 vv

kuvIq- (Ti) (t) to spill or pour it out | +q-7 vv

kuviqpik or (Ti) kuviqsaġvIk kitchen slop pail or bucket | +qpIk vn rel naaptiġun

kuvirI- (Nu) (i) to pour lead into mold to make bullets | +rI-6 vv

kuvirrivIk (Nu) casting, mold for making bullets | +rI-6 vv ‘+vIk1 vn

kuviuġvIk funnel | :uq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

kuviuq- (i) to pour water on something; (t) to water it=e.g. plants, fire; to pour water on it | :uq-2 vv

kuvvIq liquid spilled (on something); puddle of spilled liquid; something poured out | ‘-Q4 vn

kuvlu thumb | +lu(q)2 rn

kuvluġuq dewclaw | +lu(q)2 rn +ġuq2 nn

kuvraq(-) net, fishnet; spiderweb; (i) to be caught in a net; (t) to catch it in a net

kuvraqtuq- (i) to fish with a net / kuvraqtuqłutik aanaakłipalugniqsut they caught a lot of whitefish by using a net | +tuq-3 nv

kuvrI- (i) to make a net (for her/him/it); to skip a stone over water; to skip over the water along a line of net floats, bouncing near each float (of flat stone thrown); (t) to skip it=stone | ‘=I-1 nv

kuvriñ guide for net making, usually made of bone or wood | ‘=I-1 nv ‘-n1 vn § rel. qil,aun

kuvrIq- to set a fishnet (for her/him/it) | =Iq-1 nv

kuvriraġaaq- (i) to skip stones on the water (esp along a line of net floats) | ‘=I-1 nv -raġaq-1 vv -aq-1 vv

>kuvrisaun taamna napititaġviat kuvrisaun

kuvsIt- (i) to refuse to share, to be overly economical

kuvsuk- to spoil on the outside (of meat) | +suk-4 vv

kuyak(-) one of lumbar vertebrae; sides of lower back where there are no ribs; (Ti) lower back just above buttocks; to have intercourse (with her/him)

kuyaaq keel of boat | -aq4 vn

kuyapigaq vertebra | +[g]aq2 rn

kuyapigaqturuq American robin (Turdus migratorious)

kuyapigatchiat fish spines, bones | +[g]aq2 rn +tchiaq3 nn -t (pl mkr)

kuyapigauraq(-) pulley; to use a pulley (on it) | +[g]aq2 rn :uraq1 nn

kuyapigaurat block and tackle | +[g]aq2 rn :uraq1 nn -t (pl mkr)

kuyapiglugun sinew on backbone edge going to neck | +lugun nn

kuyapikkat backbone, spine

kuyyalaq, (Ti) kuuyalaq trump (at cards) / kuyyalaŋata atautkai his trump card took the entire pile | -laq1 vn

L

laak [ENG “lard”] lard, shortening

Laavlaaq [ENG “laplander”] Saami, Lapp

lautchik [from Lapp] reins for reindeer

livalivaq (Nu) semi-palmated sandpiper

livalivauraq (Nu) least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) § rel. navaluġauraq

livaluġauraq, lavluġauraq least sandpiper (Erolia minutilla)

lugluktaak (Ti) wooden snow goggles § also yuqłuktaq

l,ałłak- (i) to bark ferociously and be about to fight (of dog)

M

maak butt end of a feather or tusk, feather stub on molting duck

maanI around here, here (visible extended) § see Appendix 1 not mar?

maaniit- (i) to be around here (visible, extended) | it- the verb to be § see mar

maaniitchaqtuq- (i) to come to be located around here, here, (visible, extended) | it- the verb to be +saqtuq- vv § see mar

maanna (excl) now then

maanna tavra (excl) you think you’re doing right but it’s wrong; that’s not a very smart thing you’re doing

maannaasii (excl) aw shucks! it’s happening again! | +aasii (conj)

maannakiaq excl of pleasure and approval when something is done beautifully now, that’s how it should be or be done! perfect! you did it just right! | +kiaq (encl) syn chatchii

maannapayaaq (excl) now, that’s better! much better! | +payaaq(-)3

maannapayaaq tavra excl of slight annoyance when one has no control over what has happened and is content not to get too agitated about it oh, darn!, oh, bother! oh, brother! | +payaaq(-)3 tavra (dem adv)

*maġ (root) sound from canine ?

maala- (i) to howl with pain (of dog) | -la- vv

maaq- (i) to yelp in pain (of an animal) / qimmiq maaqtuq mil,uqamni uyaġagmik the dog yelped when I hit it with a stone | -aq-1 vv

magu- (i) to howl, bay (of dog or wolf) / qimmich magusuurut unnuaġman dogs always howl at night | -gu- rv

maguŋaaq- (Nu) (i) to have a long, turned-up end (of nose) / qiŋaŋa maguŋaaqtuq he has a “ski-jump nose” | -gu-2 rv (ŋaaq(-) vv, vn

maguuq- or makhuk- (Nu) (i) to howl, bay (of dog or wolf) repeatedly | -gu-2 rv

-uq-2 vv or -khuk- rv

maġaala- (i) to yelp, howl in pain (of an animal) / maġaalaruq qimmiq naniqtinnami unianun the dog howled in pain when the sled traveled directly over it | +aq-1 vv -ala- vv

maġukpak- (Ti) (i) to howl, bay loudly (of dog or wolf) | +qpak- vv § rel. magu-

makhak- (i) to bark in anticipation of leaving (with dogteam) (of dog) | -khak- rv § rel. qil,uk-, also maqhak-

makhuk- or maqhuk- (i) to bark to get attention (of dog or wolf) | -khuk- vv

magrikaqtaq- (Ti) (i) to play a game where one jumps up to a standing position starting on the knees and kicks something § see maksrik- under makit-

maġałłak (Nu) soft white stone pulverized and used in tanning § rel. kitik(-) also maqałłak

maġamnasiq (KIV) black seal § rel. naġamnasiq

maġġaQ gravel, sand § rel. qavia, tuapak, maġia, mau-

maġġaraaq sandbar, fine sand | -raaq4 nn

maġġarauraq fine sand | -raaq4 nn =uraq1 nn

maġġuti- (i) to go into a herd of animals | ‘ti-2 vv

maġia sand (generic?) § rel. qavia, tuapak, maġġaq

maġiaq- (i) has been fed solid food; is being fed (of dog); (t) to feed it=dog solid food @ maġiaqsI-

maġiun an ingredient of dog food, e.g. meat, fish; solid food for dogs, dog food | :un1 vn

maġlak(-) present given during an Iñupiaq invitational dance; to give a present to (her/him) before one dances so that (she/he) may get up and dance | maġlagmagu kimiñi iñuich aviurut when he gave a present to his host everyone cheered

maġlaI- or maġlaktuI- (i) to give presents, gifts to others during an Iñupiaq invitational dance | -I-6 vv or +tuq-2 vv -I-6 vv

maġlaktuuti- (i) to give presents to each other (of participants or attendees at an Iñupiaq dance) / tikiññamigli maġlaktuutirut qargimi when they arrived they gave presents to each other in the community house | +tuq-2 vv :uti-2 vv

maġlausiaq gift given at qakummisaaq, or invitational dance | :usiaq vn

makautak absent-minded person

makautaŋaaq- (i) to be forgetful, do things absent-mindedly / aanaga makautaŋaaqtuq aaquaqpaił,ł,uni my grandmother is forgetful because she is getting so old | (ŋaaq(-) nv

maki-1 (i) to come loose (of a patch); to die (definition created by the white men when they first attempted to speak Iñupiaq and used as trade jargon, see Tabbert) § rel. makit-?

magluaq- (Ti) (i) to come off, come loose (of a part of something) (t) to take off, break off an attached part of it | +luaq-1 vv

makłuak- (i) to fly open, come ajar; (t) to cause it to come ajar | +łuk-3 vv -ak-1 vv

makłuaq- (i) to rip off; (t) to cause it to rip off (something thin that lies on something else comes up when it should be stuck down) IMPROVE DEFINITION FOR MAKÆUAQ- | +luaq-1 vv § rel. magluaq-

makłukaq- (i) to trip; to hit a bump while sliding | +łuk-3 vv -kaq-1 vv

makłukaktaq- (i) to trip repeatedly; to hit bumps while sliding / sisuġaaqtuat makłukaktaqamiŋ qaŋattaqtiġaqtut when the sledders hit a bump on their way down, they would momentarily go up in the air | +łuk-3 vv +kaq-1 vv -ktaq- vv

makimaq- to not understand (it) and perform accordingly; (t) to not understand it=word and misuse it to be ignorant (of it=word); (t) to misinterpret it=word / makimapiaġiga taamna uqaluk, tusaaŋaiññiġiga I am completely ignorant of that word as I have never heard it before (don’t have an inkling of what it means) | -maq-1 vv

makit- (i) to stand up; to get out of bed; (t) to set it upright @ makitchI- / ulġuŋaruaq igña aquppiutaq makirruŋ stand that chair back up which has fallen over § rel. maki-

magrikaq- (i) to leap repeatedly | +srik- vv +aq-1 vv

makisIq (Ti) lower back, area above buttocks | -sIq4 vn § rel. tunu

makita- (i) to be standing | (ta- vv § rel. qikata- under qikaq-

makitchaŋa- (Ti) (i) to have a pain in the lower back | +tchaq-1 vv (ŋa- vv

makitchaq- (Ti) (i) to get a pain in one’s lower back | +tchaq-1 vv

makitchaqtuq- (i) to go and stand up; (t) to go and set it upright | +saqtuq- vv

makitiq- (i) to get out of bed and put clothes on; to be “up and around” / makitiġataqtuq nalagaluaqami uvlaapak she finally got up and dressed after being in bed all morning | (tiq-2 vv

makkiqi- (t) to suddenly stand up in defense, as if to charge her/him/it (of an animal) | ‘=Iqi-3 vv

makłak- (i) to stand on end (of animal’s hair) (its hackles rise in anger); to stand up of something which normally would lie flat | +lak-1 vv

maksrik- (i) to get up suddenly with a start / maksriktuq tusaavlugu tiŋŋun

qulauttuaq he got up with a start hearing the plane overhead | +srik- vv

maksrukaq- (i) to make an attempt to stand up but fail to do so | =qsruq-2 vv

–kaq-1vv

maksrukaktaq- (i) to make attempts to stand up but fail to do so | =qsruq-2 vv

–kaq-1vv -ktaq- vv

maksruksaq willow stick with snare at end, bent over a squirrel’s burrow (when squirrel comes out he is snared) | =qsruq-1 vv +saq7 vn

makkaq(-) diaper; sanitary pad; (i) to put on a diaper; (t) to put a diaper on her/him/it

makkaksraq (Nu) moss used for diaper | +ksraq nn

makkaqpaligauraq (Ti) wild baby | +qpak nn -lik nn -gauraq nn § rel. iġaaq

makkaqtuun baby’s waterproof diaper covers | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

makkaun (Ti) sanitary napkin

makkiqi- (i) to wash diapers | =Iqi-1 nv

makpIq- (i) to now be opened (of tent flap, book); to turn (of a page); (t) to open it=book, tent flap, etc.; to turn it=page of book / maqpiġaat makpiqsut nalaułługu paqitchuktaġa the book opened right to the page I wanted to read | +pIq- vv

makpiġaaġIIt- or maqpiġaaġIIt- (i) to have a bad record, be a lawbreaker [lit “have bad papers”] | +pIq- vv +gaaq(-)1 vn +[g]IIt- nv syn aglagiit-

makpiġaaġik- (i) to have a good record, be law-abiding

makpiġaaq- or maqpiġaaq- (i) to leaf through a book or magazine; (t) to open it=book or magazine page by page | +pIq- vv +aaq(-)1 vn

makpiġaat or maqpiġaat book, sheets of paper | +pIq- vv +aaq(-)1 vn -t (pl mkr)

maqpiġarriaq sivunniutikun contract, agreement | =rrI-2 nv (aq4 vn

makkua or makua these around here § see *mar

makkuak, makuak thesed § see *mar

maksaq- (i) to sing a baby to sleep?; (t) to sing a baby to sleep § also mapsaq-, mavsaq-

maksaun lullaby; one who is a nuisance | :un1 vn

maksI- (i) to become thick with dried dirt (of skin especially of knees and elbows) / arraa kimmitquŋauna maksiŋapaluktuq wow, how thick with dirt the back of his ankle has become § rel. maunni(-)

maksruksaq willow stick with snare at end, bent over a squirrel’s burrow § see makit-

maktak whale skin with blubber, muktuk

maktaaq beluga skin with blubber | -aq6 nn

makvak jack, at cards; scoundrel (name used to call) someone who displeases one | -vak1 nn

malak (Ti) chest (anatomical)

malaŋmigaq- (Ti) (i) to crawl on the front of the body without touching one’s chin, as part of a game | -k-4 nv -migaq- nv

malġI arctic loon (Gavia arctica pacifica)

malġuk two

malġI(-) a twin; (i) to give birth to twins | ‘=I-1 nv

malġik set of twins | ‘=I-1 nv -k (dual mkr)

malġuiksraq something that can be made into two items; the second part of a pair

malġuiksrau- (i) to be good as the second part of a pair; to number in two | -il,ik nn +ksraq nn :u-1 nv

malġuil,ik something with a double seam | -il,ik nn

malġuiqsuaq- to do (it) twice | -iqsuaq- nv

malġuit two sets, two groups, two pairs | :It (pl mkr)

malġukipiaq forty | -kipiaq nn

malġukipiaq qulit fifty | -kipiaq nn

malġulik two-masted boat; two-panel tent | -lik1 nn

malik-1 to follow, accompany (her/him/it) / aakaniimma maliktaŋa Ulġuniġmun she went with her mother to Wainwright

maligIIk- (i) to be close in age (of siblings) / nukaalugalu maligiiksuguk my younger sibling and I are close in age | +[g]iik- vv

maliġi- (t) to follow her/him/it; to follow her/his/its directions / maliġigaa aapani aŋiniaqtiqpak he is a great hunter like his father; uqaluŋi samma maliġigupkich iłuakkuaġniaġiñ if you follow his directions in sequence, you’ll get it right | -ġi- vv

maliġuagaksraq policy | -ġuaq-2 vv (aq4 vn -ksraq nn

maliġuagaksrat kasimaniġmi agenda

maliġuaq- (t) to keep following, accompanying her/him; to track it=trail / matkua tumit maliġuaġlugich aŋusaġlakput qavvik let’s follow these tracks and try to catch the wolverine | -ġuaq- vv

maliġuaqti follower, disciple | -ġuaq-2 vv +t/rI3 vn

malikataq- (t) to pursue, chase her/him/it @ malikataI- / tigligaqtuaq malikataġaat they are chasing the robber | -kataq- vv

malikpakaq- (t) to follow her/him/it right after she/he/it has departed | +pakaq- vv

maliksI- (i) to give birth shortly after previous birth (e.g. one year later) | +sI-5 vv

maliksuk- (i) to be attracted into participation; to yearn, or have a desire to follow / unnuiqiruanun maliksukłuni pigaasugrugniqsuaq eager to be as the “night owls”, he stayed up most of the night | +suk-3 vv

maliksuktitau- (i) to be convinced, persuaded, tempted / maliksuktitauruq aullaaqsaqtuanun he was persuaded by the ones going camping to go as well | +suk-3 vv (tit-1vv -+t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv

maliktaqutchiġaq- (i) to echo; (t) to say something immediately after she/he finishes talking

maliktuaq- (t) to be constantly following her/him/it | +tuaq-1 vv

maliktuq- (i) to sob, to gasp after crying hard | +tuq-2 vv § rel. maniktuq-

maliqataq- to run after, chase (her/him/it) | =qataq- vv

maliqsruq- (t) to follow her/him/it everywhere / maliqsrusuŋaiññaġuuvaił,ł,uni taapkunuŋa tautullaiqapkuunnii she so habitually follows them around that I hardly see her anymore | (qsruq-2 vv

mallIq- (i) to follow, chase someone or something | ‘=Iq-1 vv

mallIt- (i) to be unable to keep up, fall behind; (t) to be unable to keep up with her/him/it / tikitqaurraqtuani mallitkaluaŋŋaġmi qapitchail,iruq although he fell behind in the race, he tried to keep from giving up | ‘=It-3 vv

malliuti- (t) to chase, follow her/him/it | ‘=iuti- vv

>marguti- (i) to become a follower | :uti-2 vv

malik(-)2 wave, swell on the ocean; (i) to have swells (of water)

mallIQ(-) tidal wave; (i) to be rough (of water); to rise (of the sea) / malliqsuami igliġniataktuagut iŋiulliunŋupaluktugut we who were trying to travel on rough sea got very tired of the waves | perhaps +llIQ nn

malliuq- (i) to go up and down on the waves | -lliuq- nv

*maluk (root) strangeness, oddity ??

maluŋnaġi- (t) to find it strange, not right, think there is something wrong | +naq-1 rv +[g]i-2 vv § rel. allayuaġi-

maluŋnaq- (i) to be shameful; to have a fault recognized by others; to be odd, not look right, seem wrong | +naq-1 rv

*maluka (root) inferior?

malukagi- (i) to be considered to be of inferior quality; (t) to feel ashamed of it, or to consider it to be of inferior quality | +[g]i-2 rv

malukalI- (i) to be rabid; to become crazy; to act dangerous and crazy (of a drunk person); (t) to bite and cause her/him/it to become rabid or crazy / tiġiganniam qimmiq kiivl,ugu malukalipkaġaa the fox bit the dog and caused it to become rabid | -lI-2 rv,

malukalIq rabid animal, madman | -liQ4

małak- to follow her/him/it everywhere with a purpose (e.g. on a dare, with vengeance) § see malik-

mam (excl of determination and resolve to succeed) this time I’ll succeed, do it

mamaaq a white to light-gray gum material that spaces the baleen plates, and the baleen attaches directly to the maxillary bones (skull) (Lamberson et al., 1989) / mamaaqtunnaraaġniqsuaq aġvaktuanik takurikama he was enjoying a piece of whale gum when I went to check on the crew that caught a whale

mamaq- (i) to taste good, smell good (of food)

mamaġi- (t) to like it=food | +[g]i-3 vv

mamait- (i) to taste bad, smell bad (of food) | :It-1 vv

mamŋatchI- (i) to eat heartily | =ŋatchI- vv

mamaun udder § rel maamak-

*mamia (root) taking offense

mamiagi- (t) to have hurt feelings, be offended by his/her criticism or scolding; to feel hurt, distressed, offended by criticism or scolding / mamiagigaa aakani suaktuvaił,ł,uni he is distressed by his mother because she scolds forcefully and constantly | +[g]i-2 rv

mamiasaaġun a taunt | +saaq-2 rv :un1 vn

mamiasaaq- (t) to criticize, tease her/him add insult to injury / mamiasaallaagaqsigaa akiil,iŋaqqaaqługu aqpaliurraqamik he began to tease him after beating him in a footrace | +saaq-2 rv

mamiat- (i) to have one’s feelings hurt by scolding or criticism / suayuġnaitchuq she’s so sensitive to criticism that it is hard to know how to scold her | +t-3 rv

mamIIt- (i) to not be easily offended, be “thick-skinned” | =It-1 rv

mamiq membrane scraped from dried animal skin, used in old days as a bandage

mamiiq- (i) to no longer have membrane (of skin); (t) to take membrane off it=skin @ mamiiqsI- | :Iq-2 nv || +sI-3 vv

mamilik caribou leg skin boots with fur inside; (Ti) dried, bleached seal skin with hair removed / mamillagnik maġlakkaa she gave him a pair of caribou leg skin boots with the fur inside as a gift and invited him to dance with her | -lik1 nn § rel. naluaq

mamiŋIq- (t) to remove the dried membrane @ mamiŋiqsI- | (ŋIq- nv

mamiŋiqsaq animal skin from which dried membrane has been scraped § see saluksI-

mamit- (i) to heal (of a wound, sore, body part) / mamilġataqtuq kil,l,iŋa his sore finally healed | +t-2 nv

mamitaq(-) bandage; (i) to bandage oneself; (t) to bandage her/him/it | -taq(-)7 vn

mamittaq- (Nu) (i) to heal, close (of wound); to close, come together (of two halves of something) | +t-2 nv

mamŋuġaraQ skin parka with hide outside | =ŋuġaaq nn

mamŋuuk long skin pants with fur inside, children’s underwear; fur sleepers with fur inside | =ŋuqnn ‘-k (dual mkr)

mamuqquuk (dual) (Nu) one-piece waist-high boots-pants

manaq(-) hook and line for retrieving seals; tackle for jigging for tomcod; line to which seal hook is attached; (t) to catch it with the hook and line for retrieving seals

manaqtuq- (i) to use the hook and line for retrieving seals; (t) to use the hook and line for retrieving seals on it | +tuq- nv

manaqtuun rope, line for seal-retrieving hook | +tuq- nv :un1 vn § rel. igiłqhat

manI- (t) to show, present, display her/him/it @ manirI-, manisI- / kapisaġmani manipayugmiuq when they were ready to give him an immunization, he surprisingly bared and presented himself

manimmI- (i) to endure pain, sorrow, criticism; to tolerate something unpleasant; (t) to endure, tolerate her/him/it / manimmil,guniuraġnaqtuq suna pigaluaġman one should always try to persevere no matter what happens | +mmI-6 vv

manimmil,gun patience | +mmI-6 vv -lgu-1 vv ‘n1 vn

maniñaaq or maniñiQ mountain side; slope of mountain / iġġim maniñġa qiñiqtuallatugiga I enjoy looking at the slope of the mountain | +naaq2 vn | +niQ1 vn

manitchisaġi- (Nu) (t) to offer it for sale, trade | -tchI- vv -saq5 vn +[g]i-1 nv

maniyaqtuq- or manisaqtuq- (t) to go and show it | +yaqtuq- vv

mannisaġi- (t) to offer for sale, to give or lend it; to get behind her/him/it for protection, putting her/him/it in a hazardous position | ‘saq5 vn +[g]i-1 nv

mannisaq something offered for sale, consideration | ‘saq5 vn

manIk-1 (i) to be smooth (of ice) § rel. qaiq-

maniil,aq surface that is not smooth or even | -il,aq vn

manIIt- (i) to be rough, uneven, especially ice when there are ice piles | :It-4 vv

manik-2 (i) to sob once

maniktuq- (i) to be sobbing | +tuq- vv § rel. maliktuq-

manIk money; (i) to get money, ‘strike it rich’

manigaq- (i) to gamble, bet | +aq-1 nv § rel. saaptaq-

maniiq- (i) to spend all of one’s money; (t) to deprive her/him/it of money | :Iq-2 nv

maniit- (i) to have no money, be broke | :It-1 nv

manik kaviqsuaq [lit ‘money that is red’] gold

manik qatiqtaaq [lit ‘money that is white’] silver

maniksuq- (i) to be extravagant, spend a lot of money; (i) be expensive / maniksuqtuq taavamna aġnaq that woman is extravagant with money | +tuq-3 nv

maniññak- (i) to earn money, wages / iksivl,uŋa maniññaktuami I earned some money taking things to the dump yard | -nnak- nv

maniññaktuq- (i) to receive payments other than wages, e.g. welfare, pension, etc.. / maniññaktuġuuruq kavamaptinniñ he gets a monthly check from our government | -nnak- nv +tuq-2 vv

maniuraq postage stamp; coin | :uraq1 nn

maniQ(-) tussock; moss used with stove lamps; clump of grass; (t) to bury, enclose it with tussocks, clumps of grass @ maniqsI- / manġit pisuayunaipaluktut it was so difficult to walk among the tussocks § rel. piġuraq

maniġaq rounded hill, small dome | +[ġ]aq2 nn

maniġruaq old or huge tussock, hummock | +ġruaq1 nn

maniqtaq (Nu) food cached in tussocks on tundra | +t/raq4 vn § rel. piġuraq

maniqtaqaġvIk (Nu) food cache made of piled-up tussocks | +t/raq4 vn -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

managaaraq steep rise

manna mannaa Iñupiaq game with two teams opposite each other, both teams with circular home bases and a smaller circular jail situated to the right of the home base. The object of the game is for one team to circle the opposing team’s home base and return to home base without getting tagged. A player is put in jail if he is tagged, and he can be taken out only if a member of his team runs into the jail and tags him. A player is considered “safe” if he enters the opposite team’s home base before being tagged. The team with the highest score wins the game

manna mannaaq- (i) to play manna mannaa

mannIk egg

mannigiaq- (i) to go egg gathering | +iaq- nv

mannil,iqun egg beater | -liqi-1 nv +un1 vn

mannium sauniŋa eggshell | :um (rel mkr)

manŋuk- to thaw to the point where it can be cut (of frozen meat) / iqaluich manŋuksiakkich quaġumaugut leave the frozen fish out to thaw a bit so we can have some to eat

manŋuksiaq(-) frozen meat that has been set out to thaw so that it can be cut; (i) to be thawing so it can be cut; (t) to let it=frozen meat thaw so it can be cut | +[t]sIq- vv -aq-1 vv (aq4 vn

*manŋa (root) tension

manŋaiqsruq- (i) to tense up in anticipation of being hit | :Iq-2 rv (qsruq-2 vv

manŋaIt- to be tough (of meat) | :It-4 rv

manŋatchaI- (t) to cause her/him/it to tense up / tupaksaaqamiŋa manŋatchaipalukkaaŋa when she startled me, my muscles really tensed up | -tchak- rv -I-9 vv

manŋiaq wrist guard worn by archers, usually made of bone § rel. matŋiaq

manŋiqtuqqIQ hard, lumpy rust

manu breast of shirt or parka

manuġli(-) (Ti) frost from breath; (i) to get frost from breath (e.g. of parka ruff) | -ġlI- nv

manuġluk- (i) to constantly have a wet spot under the chin on either shirt or parka from dribbling of saliva | -ġluk- nv

manuġmIk- to carry (it) under one’s chin | -q-5 nv +mIk-1 vv

manuġun bib, wide necklace; pin | -ġun nn

manuil,isaq bib, piece of fur tied around the mouth for protection against the freezing temperatures when traveling | -il,isaq nn

manuluk- (i) to have a wet shirt or parka front due to dribbled saliva | +luk-1 nv

manumiutaq something worn around the neck, e.g. necktie | +miutaq nn

manusiñik two front tusk design white strips on parka yoke | +siñik nn

manusiñil,igaaq a parka with two front tusk design white strips on parka yoke | +siñik nn -ligaaq nn

manusiññak [lit ‘two of the bib area’] two front tusk design white strips on parka yoke | +siññaq2 vn –k (dual mkr) § rel. kayuaġun

manusuk- (i) to put one’s chin in one’s parka and be idle | +suk-3 nv

manutaq fish bait | -utaq1 nn

maŋaq- (i) to be dark, be black

maŋaqhaaluk black wolf | -qhak vn -aluk nn

maŋaqhauraq young black wolf or dog | -qhak vn :uraq nn

maŋaqtaaq something black, color black | +taaq2 vn

maŋaqtuaq auk dark blood from the stomach | +t/ruaq2 vn

maŋIk- to gnaw on (it); (Nu) (i) to fall headfirst dead, wounded (usu of animal); (Nu) (i) to fall on one’s face

maŋiaq- (i) to bite off pieces of food without cutting them with a knife; (t) to tear at it with one’s teeth / maŋiaqługu pivsituġnaqtuq one eats dried fish by biting off pieces with one’s teeth | -aq-1 vv

maŋikaq- (i) to fall on one’s face | -kaq-1 vv

maŋiksat ugruk soles for boots, crimped roughly then smoothed out | +t/raq4 vn

maŋiksiq- (i) to fall headfirst, dead, wounded (usu of animal) | +sIq-4 vv

maŋiksit- (Nu) (t) to cause it=usu an animal to fall headfirst dead or wounded | (tit- vv

maŋiksraq- (t) to tear at it with the teeth | +qsraq-1 vv

maŋiutit front teeth (for gnawing) | :un1 vn –t (pl mkr)

maŋuk- (i) to become nailed, pegged or staked in; (t) to drive it in, e.g. a nail, peg or stake @ maŋuksI- || +sI-3 vv

maŋŋuQ foundation, root of plant; word stem; (Nu) small secondary root | ‘-Q4 vn also kaŋiun, naggun

*map (root) rel to mam popping noise

mapkuliktaaq (Ti) white man’s style shoe | +kuq rn -q-5 nv

mapkuluk- (i) to crackle | +kuq rn -q-5 nv -luk-3 vv ??? perhaps +-kuluk- vv

mapkuq- (i) to gather all one’s strength for an effort; to make a crackling noise when shaken, as a blanket-toss skin; to make a popping noise | +kuq rn -q-5 nv

mapkuq bearded seal skins sewn together and used for blanket toss at Nalukataq / nalukataŋaiqamiŋ mapkuq atqaqługu aġġivigisuugaat when they are through blanket tossing, they take down the blanket-toss hide and use it for a dance floor during the Eskimo dance | +kuq rn

mapkuqtaaq hard bread made with flour and water | +taaq2 vn

mapkuqtaq- (i) to make a popping or cracking noise repeatedly; to crack a whip / kutchuqtuqtuaq igña mapkuqtalgupaluktuq that person chewing gum sure pops it a lot / mapkuqtaġiga argamnik I snap my fingers at him | +t/raq-1 vv

mapkuqtaun whip | +t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn

mapkutit- (i) to pop, make a popping noise (as of a person popping his gum); to slap hard, causing a popping sound | -tit-2 vv

mapkutitaq- (i) to repeatedly crack a whip, make loud cracking noise | +kuq rn -q-5 nv (titaq- vv

mapkuummI- (i) to be at one’s peak of performance / mapkuummiruqsuli kanna allat aqamaktit nuqitchumiñaiġaat he is still at a peak of his performance and no one can beat him at finger pulling | +mmI-6 vv

mapqaq- (i) to fire a gun; to pop, fire, make the sound of a gunshot or explosion, to make a loud pop; (t) to fire it=gun | -qaq-3 rv

mapsa spleen; snow cornice, overhang

>mapsaq- or mapsat- (Nu) (i) to fall down, creating a snowslide (of snow cornice) | -q-5 nv +t-2 nv

>mapsaġruk (Nu) snow cornice, overhang | -ruk3 nn

>mapsati- (Nu) (t) to fall on her/him/it (of snowslide), for her/him/it to be caught in a snowslide

>mapsatit- (i) to fall (of snow cornice) | -q-5 nv -tit-2 vv

mapsaq- (Ti) (t) to sing her/him a lullaby @ mapsaI- § also mavsaq-, maksaq-

mapsaun (Ti) lullaby | :un1 vn

mapsitaq, mapsataq (Ti) harpoon head of bone, ivory

maptu- (i) to be thick, e.g. fabric, skin, book | +tu- rv

maptukIt- (i) to be thin and flat | +tu- rv -kIt- vv

maptukłI- (i) to be now thinner (of skin, cloth); (t) to scrape it=skin until it is thin | +tu- rv -kłI-1 vv

maq game where players take turns making silent gestures and funny faces to make others laugh; object of the game is not to laugh or smile throughout the game to win; the exclamation “maq” signals the beginning of the game

maġauraq- (i) to play a game of “maq” | +ġaq-7 vv :uraq-2 vv

maqałłak powdery white stone pulverized and used in tanning | -łłak n § rel. kitik(-) also maġałłak

maqamit- (t) to shoot and unexpectedly hit it=game animal; to get married although others don’t expect it @ maqamitchI- | -mit- rv || +sI-3 rv

maqhak- (Nu) (i) to whine (of dog) often in anticipation of going § also makhak- § see *magu

maqhuq- (Nu) (i) to give a short, crisp bark (of dog) § see *maġ

maqi- (i) to flow out, leak out, drain; to sweat; to run (of nose) / taigruaq putuvluni, uqsruq maqiruq the oil drum has gotten a hole in it, so the oil is leaking out

maqsraluk- (i) to make a babbling noise (of running water) / kuugauraq maqsraluktuq the creek is making a babbling noise | +srak- vv -luk-3 vv

maqik- (i) to carry something on one’s shoulders over a portage; (t) to carry it=qayaq on one’s shoulders over a portage § rel. itivit-

>maqikataq-?

maqpiġaaq piece of paper § see makpiq-

maqpiġaat book; stack of papers § see makpiq-

maqpiġarriaq sivunniutikun contract, agreement § see makpiq-

maqpIk1 channel between lakes or between lake and river

maqpik2 storage alcove located usually on the left side of a dwelling immediately before the outer exit where blubber is sliced into thin layers ready to be pounded to provide oil for the lamps FIX DEFINITION!!!

maqpiq- (t) to turn it=page of book, turn it=tent flap up § see makpiq-

maqu-1 (i) to become spoiled, be destroyed; to deteriorate (of a human relationship) § rel. suksraunġIq-, piłuksi-

maqut- (i) to have been destroyed; (t) to destroy, ruin her/him/it; to badly influence her/him | +t-1 vv

maqu-2 (i) to defecate or urinate § rel. quI-, anaq(-)

maqquq body waste / maqqumiñik uvva il,itchuġipayukłuni qaunagnaipayaaqtuq she has become potty trained and now is not such a bother to take care of | ‘-Q4 vn

maquyaqtuq- (i) to go somewhere to urinate | +yaqtuq- vv

*mar (dem root) here (extended and visible) § rel. *ig, *uv

manna, dual ma(t)kuak, pl ma(t)kua (abs dem pron) this one here (extended and visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

maanI (dem adv in loc) located here (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

maaniit- (i) to be located here (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

maaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from here (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

maaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from this direction here (extended and visible)| +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

maaŋŋaq- (i) to come from here (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

marra (dem adv) here (extended and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

>marramarraaq- (Nu) (i) to play “marra marraa” § see manna mannaa

mattuma or marruma or masrruma? dual ma(t)kuak , pl ma(t)kua (dem rel pron) this one here (extended and visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

mattumanI or marrumanI, dual ma(t)kugnagni, pl ma(t)kunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with this one here (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

mattumaŋŋa or marrumaŋŋa, dual ma(t)kugnaŋŋa, pl ma(t)kunaŋŋa from this one here (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

mattumatun or marrumatun, dual ma(t)kugnaktun, pl ma(t)kunatitun like this one here (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

mattumiŋa or marrumiŋa, dual ma(t)kugniŋa, pl ma(t)kuniŋa this one here (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

mattumuŋa or marrumuŋa, dual ma(t)kugnuŋa, pl ma(t)kunuŋa to this one here (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

mattumuuna or marrumuuna, dual ma(t)kugnuuna, pl ma(t)kunuuna via, with this one here (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

mauna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of here (extended and visible) | uuna (dem via)

maunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of here (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

maunnaaġiaq- (i) to come to go through this area, here | ‘aq- dv +iaq- vv

mauŋa (dem adv in term) to here (extended and visible)| +uŋa (dem term)

mauŋanmun towards here (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

mauŋaq- (i) to come here (extended and visible); (t) to put/place it here (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

marasIq pl maratchich [ENG] medicine, pill

marguti- (i) to become a follower | :uti2- vv § see malik-

*masaq (root) pleasure

masaġni- (i) to listen eagerly, attentively, with pleasure, esp to story; to sun oneself; to be pleased with something, someone; to be glad to talk to someone | +nI- rv § rel. nakuaqsrI-

masaqsrI- (Nu) (i) to be pleased, contented with a situation, often a story one is listening to; to sun oneself, doze in the sun | ~srI-2 vv § rel. nakuaqsrI-

masak(-), matchak slush, waterlogged snow; to be damp of ground § see misak(-), matchak(-)

masallak- to be damp of snow, e.g. good for snowballs | -llak-1 vv

>masiikak (excl used to address) a stupid person

masIk gill of fish; (Nu) frame on deck of kayak in front of hole, where paddle is laid | +sIk2 n

masu an edible tap root of plant, potato, root vegetable, a knotweed (Hedysarum alpinum) § rel. utqIq, aiġaq

masu aiġaq edible root, Parry’s wallflower (Parrya nudicaulis) FROM SIL - VERIFY= SHOULD BE JUST AIÅAQ

masuliñ or masunniun root pick | -liñ nn; +niun vn means to ___ § rel. masusiun

masuqutaq Hedysarum plant, “masu” plant | +qutaq nn

masusiun root pick | +siun nn

masut- (i) to gather edible roots | -t-2 nv

matchaaq [ENG mush] oatmeal, cooked cereal

matchak(-) wet snow, slush; (i) to be slushy (of snow) § see misak(-), masak(-)

matchaktiq- (i) to have been moistened; (t) to moisten it | +tiq-1 vv

matiqti waistband (of pants)

matŋiaq (Nu) skin wrist guard worn by archer § also manŋiaq

matŋiq- (Nu) (t) to get a patch of frostbite, sunburn; to get a stain (of metal or object) / matŋiġaaŋa I got a sunburned patch on my skin § rel. uut-, qiqitiq-

matŋiġniQ (Nu) patch of frostbite, sunburn, stain on metal | +niQ1 vn

matŋiqtuq- (Nu) (i) to be frostbitten, sunburned, have a dark spot, blotch on one’s skin; have a stain (of metal) | +tuq-2 vv

mattaq- (i) to get out of harness, of dog; to remove one’s parka; (t) to remove dog’s harness; to remove her/his parka; to take it=clothing off of oneself / mattaġaik pualugni uunniqigaluaqami he removed his fur mittens since he was so hot

mattaaq- (i) to not be wearing a parka | -aq-1 vv

matu(-) lid, cover; (i) to be now covered; (t) to cover it

mattutaq patch over eye | ‘-utaq1 vn

mattutaqtuq- (i) to wear a patch over one’s eye / mattutaqtuqtuq irigiił,ł,uni he is wearing a patch over his sore eye | ‘-utaq1 vn +tuq-3 nv

matuaq cover of hard snow for trap | (aq4 vn § syn umigaq

matutaq(-) snipe net; (i) to be caught in a snipe net (t) to catch it=snipe, phalarope with a net | -taq(-)7 vn

matutaqtuq- (i) to use a snipe net | -taq(-)7 vn +tuq-3 nv

maġu- (i) to sink into soft ground, mud or snow as one takes a step; (t) to sink into it=soft ground, mud or snow as one takes a step

maġġuti- (t) to sink with her/him/it; (i) to be unable to move in slush ice (of boat) / marrakii maġġutiyaitkutigimagaich qanuq samuŋa it is evident that they were used to prevent sinking | ‘ti-2 vv

maulġaq- (Ti), maułłak- (i) to sink suddenly, unexpectedly, in snow or mud | -lġaq- vv, -łłak- vv

mauraġaq(-) small ice floe used as stepping stone; (i) to cross open water by jumping from one piece of ice to the next; to sink as one walks in mud, snow | -raġaq2 vn

mauya or >mauyaq soft dirt or deep snow into which one may sink as one walks | -ya3 vn

mauyakkuk- (i) to be soft and deep, easily sunk into (of snow)

mauyalIq- (i) to be deep, soft snow into which one sinks | -ya3 vn -lIq-1 nv

mauyalliuq- (i) to sink in as one walks in deep snow | -ya3 vn -lliuq- nv

mauyaqisaq- (i) to walk on soft snow or ground sinking in occasionally, now and again | -ya3 vn -qisaq- vv

mauyasiutik tagluk snowshoes for use in soft, deep snow | -ya3 vn +siun nn -k (dual mkr)

*mau (root) sea ice

mauq- (i) to be seal hunting on the ice |

mauqsruq- (i) to walk directly out on the ice to hunt; (Nu) (i) to hunt on the sea ice, usu seals; (t) to hunt it on the sea ice | +qsruq-1 vv

mauqsruutik (Nu) seal-hunting boots with bearded seal soles | +qsruq-1 vv :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

maut- (i) to walk out in the direction of open water; to go hunting out on the sea ice | +t-3 rv

>maunaaq point of shovel

>maunarriqsI- make a point on shovel

>maunaq trap entrance [?]SIL word - verify

maunna or maunni(-) hard skin, callus on heel; to get callused (of body part) § see maksI-

mavrayuuq moth | -ayuuq n

mavsa, mapsa overhanging snowdrift, ready to fall; snow cornice; overhang; spleen (membrane attached to an animal’s stomach)

mavsaq- to sing a lullaby to § also maksaq-, mapsaq-

mavsIq- (i) to convalesce, rest and recuperate; (t) to let it heal / aŋutim mavsiġaa kil,l,iñi the man is letting his wound heal

mayuq- (i) to climb, ascend; to move to a higher position, of person, e.g. better job; (t) to climb, ascend it; to set her/him/it on, in a higher place / mayuqtuq qil,aguamun she climbed upstairs

mayuaġaq- (Ti), mayuġaq- (i) to climb steps, stairs, ladder; (t) to climb it, them=stairs, ladder

mayuaġaun, mayuġauttat elevator, ladder | -aġaq- vv :uti1 vn

mayuaġautit, mayuġauttat stairs, steps, ladder § syn tuŋmiġautat rel. tutipqich

mayuala- (i) to rush in to (it=building) (of cold air); to rise, swirl in the air (e.g. of smoke, steam) | -ala- vv

mayualik- (i) to tease a male dog, of female dog in heat trying to rouse him | -lik-2 vv

mayuallak- (i) to rush in (of cold air when door is open); to rise higher (of moon) | -ala- vv ‘-k-2 vv

mayuaq- (Nu) to climb, ascend (it) | -aq-1 vv

mayuġautat, mayuġauttat ladder | +aq-1 vv -utaq1 vn -t (pl mkr)

mayuqi- (i) to pull up one’s pants; (t) to pull up her/his pants | -qi- vv

*mialuk (root) hunger

mialuksaq- or mialuksI- (i) to not have enough to eat / aakani aullaġman mialuksiruq ever since his mother left, he never seems to have enough to eat | +saq-3 vv +sI-1 vv syn kaaksiu- under kaak-

*migvi (root) stingy

migvigi- to be stingy

migvisuk- to be unwilling to pay price asked

CHECK MIGVIGI/MIGVISUK WITH MIVIGI/MIVISUK WHERE ONE IS "STINGY" AND THE OTHER "DISLIKED"

miġaliQ(-), pl miġalgIt (Ti) slush ice; slush and small chunks of new sea ice which wash up on shore in fall; to be covered by small chunks of sea ice in fall (of beach) / taġium siñaa miġaliqtuq or taġium siñaa miġaliġaa the beach is covered with small chunks of sea ice § rel muġałłiq

miġayauraq infant, newborn baby (human or animal) | :uraq1 nn § syn miqłiqtuuraq, paipiuraq, aniqqammiaq

miġiaq(-) or muġiaq(-) vomit; to vomit (it); (t) to vomit on her/him/it

miġiayanŋu- or miġiaqsunŋu- (i) to feel nauseated | -ya-1 vv -nŋu-2 vdv

miġġiq- ?

miġiaqsaayuk parasitic jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) | -yuk vn

miġruq- (Ti) to sew (it) | +qsruq-2 vv § syn miquq-, killaiyaq-

miġruun (Ti) sewing machine | :un1 vn § syn miquun

*miġvi (root) dislike

miġvigi- (t) (Nu) to dislike her/him | +[g]i-2 rv § syn sigñagi-

miġvisuk- (i) (Nu) to dislike someone | +suk-3 rv

miitchuk [Russian “mewok”] burlap sack | +suk2 nn § syn aluaqsaun

miki- (i) to be small

mikigi- (t) to find it (clothing) too small / mikigigiga it is too small for me (lit. I find it too small) | ([g]i-3 vv

mikiliġaġmIk- (Nu) (i) to do the finger pull with the fourth finger | +[ġ]aq2 nn +mIk-1 nv

mikilġaq fourth finger, ring finger | +[ġ]aq2 nn

mikinaaq- or miŋnaaq- (Nu) miknaaq- (t) to make it too small; (i) to be made small | -naaq-1 vv

mikiniġaq- (t) to say disparagingly that he/she/it is small | +nI- vv +[ġ]aq-7 vv

mikinini (word used or rather created by the first white men who attempted to speak Iñupiaq) something small; “child” in trade jargon / mikiruaq suli tavra “mikinini”; tavra uqapiaġasugigaat; il,itchuġiuraqługukiima then something small was “mikinini”; they thought they were speaking Iñupiaq; they were just getting the hang of it, I guess § rel. mikiniñani

mikiniñani (excl) despite her/his smallness | -nIQ vn +nanI (neg sub 3s)

mikłI- (i) to become smaller; (t) to decrease it in quantity or size | ~lI-2 vv

miŋniq [?]

mikigaq(-) mixture of fermented whale meat, tongue and maktak; to be fermented (of mixture of whale meat, tongue, and maktak) | +gaq7 n

mikigagraq (Ti) second share from whale’s rear ventral portion (uatit) given to captain, used to make “mikigaq” | -ksraq1 nn

mikigaun seal skin poke or other container for aging whale meat | :un1 vn

mikikki- (i) to make fermented whale meat | ‘=I-1 nv

mikIk- to tear a piece out of it with the teeth § syn maŋik-

mikkIk- to tear off pieces of it=meat as one eats | ‘-k-2 vv [?]

mikłiaq umbilical cord | +iaq3 n

miksraut- (i) to make a close estimate; (t) to be close in an estimate of it @ >miksrautchI- / miksrauttuq akiŋanik aquppiutam tuniuqqairuani he estimated the value of the chair accurately at the auction

milaasiq [ENG] molasses

milik (Nu) or miligaq diaphragm | +gaq6 nn § syn kanivaun

milik(-) stopper, plug; (i) to be plugged; (t) to plug it @ miliksI-

millik (Nu) mitlik long curved carving knife, primarily used on inside of skin boat frame; two-handed carving tool

millIt- (t) to become stained from being wet a long time (of tent or other material) | ‘=It-3 vdv

miluk(-) nipple of breast; breast; (Ti) milk (commercial or human); (i) to nurse, of child; (t) to suck it=breast, thumb, etc; to take a puff on it=cigarette, cigar or pipe § rel. mulu

milluaq- to suck (it) | ‘-aq-1 vv

milugiaq- (i) to go and suck | -Iaq-1 vv

milugiaq solitary wasp; (Ti) bee; sucker fish (Catastomus catastomus) | +iaq3 n

milugiatchiaq gnat, tiny mosquito, white-socks fly or “no-see-um” | +iaq3 n -tchiaq3 nn

milugvIk mouthpiece of tobacco pipe | +vIk1 vn

miluġutik, milugutik brassiere, bra | -ġun nn -k (dual mkr)

miluktit- (t) to nurse her/him/it with breast or bottle @ miluktitchI- | (tit-1 vv

milukataq (Ti) leaf of coltsfoot (plant) (Petasites frigida)

mil,ik very soft snow SIL word – verify]

mil,iQ, pl mil,ġIt (Nu) willow ceiling on temporary shelter which is then covered with sod

mil,iq- indent or notch made in wood to hold a pole in place

mil,uq- (t) to hit her/him/it with a thrown object @ mil,uqsI- | +sI-3 vv

mil,l,uun something thrown | ‘-.q-1 vv :un1 vn

mil,l,uuq- (i) to throw things; to pitch in a baseball game; (t) to throw things at her/him/it @ mil,l,uuqłIq- | ‘.-q-1 vv || -kłIq-1 vv

mil,uqhiuti-, mil,uġiuti- (i) to fling, throw oneself into or onto something; (t) to fling, throw her/him/it carelessly | +qhi- vv :uti-2 vv

mil,uqsauti- (t) to throw it overhand | +saq-3 vv :uti-2 vv

mil,uqtuqti (Ti), (B) mil,l,uuqti- pitcher in baseball | +tuq-2 vv +t/rI3 vn

mil,uuġuti- (Nu) (i) to throw things at each other; to play the “mitten game” where children throw fur mitts turned inside out at each other | :uq-2 vv +uti-2 vv

miluyuuq caribou botfly (Oedemagena tarandi) § rel miluk? list there?

milvIk (Ti), mirvik, mitchaaġvik airstrip, landing strip, airport § see mIt-

>mimiQ, dual mimmak hindquarter, haunch § see mumiQ

minġuq- (i) to be very tired, weary

minġuiqsiaq- (i) to rest | :Iq-2 vdv +[t]sIq- vv § rel. pil,aiŋaiqsiaq-

Minġuiqsiġñiq Sunday | :Iq-2 vv +[t]sIq- vv +niQ1 vn § rel. SavaIt- under savak-

Minġuiqsiŋaiġñiq Monday

minġuqtuq- (i) to be tired | +tuq-2 vv

minisitaq (Nu) [ENG] minister

minit- (i) to be excluded, get nothing, be left out; (t) to omit, exclude her/him/it when distributing something @ minitchI- || +sI-3 vv § also nimit-

mittau- (i) to be omitted when something is being passed out, distributed | *mittaq :u-2 nv

IS MITTAU- UNDER THIS WORD MINIT- and if so, shouldn't it be minittau-? There is no word *mittaq listed in dictionary.

minŋiq-, (Nu) mitŋiq- (i) to jump up; (t) to jump over her/him/it § rel. >qisrgiq-

minŋala- (i) to jump up and down excitedly | =ala- vv

minŋiqhiallak- (i) to jump up and down once gracefully | -qhiaq- vv -llak-1 vv

minŋiqtaq- (i) to jump up and down repeatedly (on the same surface) | +t/raq-1 vv

minŋuq or miñŋuq beetle | +ŋuq nn

miñaq- (t) to save, set it=something which belongs to oneself aside for someone else

miñik(-) mist, moisture, drizzle, splash made by fish or thrown object; (i) to be misty, to drizzle, rain lightly; to be damp with mist (of ground, snow) / miñiktuq or miñikkaa it is misty

miñikłuk very light rain | +łuk1 nn § syn quikłuk

miññI- (Nu) to be misty (of air or ground) | =I-1 nv

miñukula- (i) to drizzle or for there to be a light mist | -ula- vv ?? –kuq -la

miñiqutipkaq- (i) to become icebound (of a boat) | :uti-2vv +pkaq-1vv

miŋuk- (t) to color, mark or smear something on her/him/it using the hands / pisaaġiŋitkaluaŋŋaan miŋukkaa igalauraq he accidentally smeared the window

miŋŋuaq- (Ti) (t) to chip it=enamel utensil; (i) to be chipped (of enamel utensil) | ‘-aq-3 nv

miŋŋulik enamel utensil | -lik1 nn § rel. nauyyaaq

miŋuaq- (i) to be now marked; (t) to mark her/him/it @ miŋuaqsI- | -aq-1 vv

miŋuaqtuġiaq- (i) to go to school; (t) to go to mark it up | +iaq- vv

miŋuaqtuġvIk school | -aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv +vIk1 vn § syn aglavik

miŋuaqtuq- (i) to attend school | -aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv

miŋuaqtuqti student, pupil | -aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv +t/ri3 vn

miŋuaqtuun pencil, pen | -aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

miŋugluk(-) spot, stain by marking; (i) to be stained or spotted; (t) to stain it | +luk1 vn

miŋulġun paint | --lġun vn

miŋuliq- to paint (her/him/it) | -liq-3 vv

miŋuliun paintbrush | -liq-3 vv :un1 vn

miŋuluk- (i) to rub medication, ointment on oneself; (t) to rub ointment on her/him/it | -luk-5 vv

miŋuluun externally applied medication (iodine, ointment, etc.) | -luk-5 vv :un1 vv

mipku “dried meat”

mipquq thigh of bird | +quq [?] § rel. mumiQ

>miqivsaq shooting accident, any accident vb?

miqłiqtuq child § syn il,il,gaaq

miqłiqtuuraq infant, baby | :uraq1 nn § rel. miġayauraq, nalaquyauraq, paipiuraq

miqu- (Ti) (i) to urinate § syn quI-, maqu-

miquq- to sew (it) / miqullaktuq uvlupak kammak naannialavlugik she sewed all day trying to finish the boots

miqsruq- to sew (it) | perhaps =qsruq-2 vv

miqsruun needle | perhaps =qsruq-2 vv :un1 vn

miquun sewing machine | :un1 vn § rel. miġruun

miquutitaq- (i) to use a sewing machine; (t) to sew it on the sewing machine | :uti1 vn +[t]aq-2 nv

misak(-) or >masak(-) or matchak(-) wet ground, slush, swamp; waterlogged snow; (i) to be slushy (of snow), be wet (of ground)

masallak- (i) to be damp snow (damp enough for making snowballs) | -llak-1 vv

matchaktiq- or misaktiq- (i) to be in the process of being moistened; (t) to moisten it | +tiq-1 nv § syn imaqtiq-

misałhak slushy top of young saltwater ice; water-soaked ground, swamp | -łhak n

misaŋuqsiaqaġvik place to let moisture drip or evaporate from meat | perhaps -ŋŋuq-2 nv +sI-1 vv +aq4 vn +qaq- nv +vIk1 vn

mitchak- (i) to become damp, wet | ‘-k-2 nv

misapsaq (Nu) tree sparrow (Spizella arborea)

misaq- (i) to smack the lips moistly (once)

misaivsaaq- (i) to smack saliva | -ivsaaq- vv

misamatit- (i) to make a slapping noise; (t) to hit it with a shot, making a slapping noise; to slap her/him/it hard; (Nu) to make her/him laugh by saying something funny | perhaps -ma-1 vv -tit-2 vv

misiġaraq(-) seal oil, rendered blubber for dipping meat; (i) to use seal oil as a dip for meat

misiġarriuq- (i) to make seal oil from blubber | ‘=Iuq-1 nv

misik-1, misIk- (i) to leap straight up, to jump down from a low height; (t) to jump across her/him/it § rel. nautkiaq-

misigaq- to hop (over it) | +aq-1 vv

mitchiqi- (t) to pounce, jump on her/him/it | ‘=Iqi-2 vv

*misik2 (root) source of expectation

misigi- (t) to expect her/him/it | +[g]i-2 vv syn niġiugi-

misiksrI- (i) to watch over, to tend, often reindeer | +srI-1 rv

misiksrirI or misiksriruaq reindeer herder | +srI-1 rv +t/rI3 vn

misiksruq- to wait and watch for (her/him/it) | (qsruq-2 rv

misikaaġaq or misikaaqqauraq or (Nu) misiqqaaqaq black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus) | +[ġ]aq2 nn

>misiqqaaqauraq yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) § also iksriktaayuuq SIL check misikaaåaq misikaaqqauraq with misiqqaaqauraq also is this spelling suppose to be misiqqaaqqauraq?

*misu (root) healthy look

misuIq- (i) to become pale in the face | :Iq-2 rv

misuIt- (i) to be pale in the face | :It-1 rv

misuġuqtuun glass bottle

misuk- (i) to be dipped, immersed (into a liquid); (t) to dip it (into a liquid) / al,akkaa, misuktuq akuŋa immamun oh no, her skirt dipped in the water

misuktaun fountain pen

misuq, pl mitchut sap; juice from whale meat being cured; shoot of plant § rel. naunġaq

misulI- (i) to sprout (of plant) | -lI-3 nv

misulik sleet, wet snow | -lik1 n § rel. nivil,uk, piqsiq(-)

misuqupak piece of caribou skin soaked in human urine (used as emergency food for dogs)

mIt- (i) to land from flight (bird, airplane)

mitchaaġiaq- (i) to come in for a landing, to go to land; (t) to go to land it=airplane | +saaq-1 vv +iaq- vv

mitchaaġvIk or mirvik airfield, airport, landing strip | +saaq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

mitchaaq- (i) to land, from flight | +saaq-1 vv

mitchauraq duck decoy | +t/raq4 vn :uraq(-)1 nn

mitchiuq- (i) to lie in wait for ducks | +[t]sIq- vv :uq-2 vv

mitaaq- (i) to joke, tell joking stories

mitaaġun joke | +un1 vn

mitautigi- (t) to mock her/him/it; to make a fool of her/him @ mitautikłIq- | =un1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

*mita (root)

mitail,aq deep hole, abyss, “bottomless pit” | :Il,aq(-) rn

mitaIt- (i) to be very deep | :It-1 rv

mitchiqi- (t) to pounce, jump on her/him/it § see misik-

mitik1 (Nu) slush ice (in a fishing hole)

mitiŋIq- (i) to remove slush ice from a fishing hole; to chip ice and make a hole ice? (t) to remove slush ice from it=a fishing hole | -ŋIq- nv

mitiŋiun scoop for slush ice (made of baleen woven into a net and attached to a horn frame) | -ŋIq- nv :un1 vn

*mitik2 (root) bounce

mitiglak- (Ti) (i) to flick one’s thumb and another finger; to bounce away; (t) to flick, fillip it | perhaps +lak-1 rv

mitigligaun bone catapult used for springing pebbles | +lik-2 vv +aq-1 vv :un1 vn

mitigrak- (i) to bounce off, fly off | +rak- vv

mitiQ, pl mitqIt eider duck; (Nu?) female eider duck

mitaaluk large eider duck | -aluk nn

mitiġruat, mitiġiruat or mitiġruIt (Nu) birdskin parka | +ġruaq1 nn

mitiġvik (Ti) large eider duck?; a large black bird (said to have a 10-foot wing span) | +vIk2 nn

mitilugruaq emperor goose (Philacte canagica) (Nu) female eider duck | -luk2 nn +ġruaq1 nn

mitlik, pl mitligIt (Nu) carving knife with long curved blade § also millik

mitquapIk (Nu) small willow which grows close to the ground

mItqun needle; (Nu) narrow bone in hind leg of caribou

mitquq feather; fur; body hair | +quq n

mitqiaq animal which is shedding fur | ‘=I-1 nv (aq4 vn

mitqil,iqi-, (Nu) mitqiqi-, (Nu) mitquliqi- (i) to shed, lose hair (of skin, parka, animal) | -lIqi- nv

mitquil,aq (Nu) centipede [lit “hairless one”] | :Il,aq nn

mitquiq- (i) to lose hair, to become bald; (t) to remove hair from it=animal skin @ mitquiqsI- | :Iq-2 nv

mitquŋŋualik fake fur fabric or object | +quq n (ŋŋuaq(-) nn -lik1 nn

mitqutail,aq arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) § rel. utchutchaakiq

mittayyak mythical frightening animal; bogeyman § rel. iñuqułłik, iñuqun

mitu(-) (Nu) first chunks of ice which form in ocean in the fall (clinging to nets); (t) to cling to it=usu a net (of new sea ice which forms in the fall) / kuvraq mitugaa the net has new sea ice clinging to it

muayuk- (i) to feel squeamish, repulsed, “have the creeps”

muayugi- (t) to feel repulsed by her/him/it, usu by a bug; to feel squeamish about her/him/it | +[g]i-2 vv

muayutchak- to feel disgust, become disgusted, “get the creeps” | -tchak- vv

*muġ (root) saturation

muġałłiQ, (Nu) miġaliQ, muġaliQ slush ice, waterlogged snow (on ocean) (foam-like in appearance), snow and thin ice on water when freeze-up begins, slushy ice which forms on shore at the first freeze | +ałłiQ/k rn § syn puġrak

muġrak slush ice | +rak(-) rn § syn puġrak

muġruI- (t) for it to get away from one (subject) under the snow or ice / muġruigiga! it went under the ice or snow and escaped me | +rruk- rv -I-8 vv

muġruk- (i) to sink into soft ground, snow; by extension to sink into sin; (Ti) to enter sod house through entry tunnel or to pass through a tunnel, hole in the snow; (t) to put it into a close, covered hole, e.g. into a cellar | +rruk- rv

mulu- (i) to stay away longer than expected, a long time

mulluqtu- (i) to be in the habit of staying away a long time; to usually be gone longer than intended | ‘-qtu- vv

muluu- (i) to stay a short while | -u-4 vv

VERIFY THIS WORD MULUU- IT'S SIL AND LOOKS SUSPECT

mulu nipple of breast; blade of paddle § rel. miluk(-)

muluk nipple for baby bottle | -k5 nn

mumiġnaq tree root; stump / mumiġnaŋanik savaksiġiaqtuamik puggutaliuġaqtut they usually make bowls of its (tree’s) stump since it is easy to work with

mumIk- (i) to turn over; undergo a character reversal; (t) to turn her/him/it over; to translate it @ mumiksI- | +sI-3 vv

mumiksi(-) interpreter (?); to interpret

mumiġli- or mumiġri- (Ti), mumiqłIq- (i) to sleep during the day and stay up at night | -ġlI- vv

mumiiŋasI- (i) to assume a nocturnal routine, become a “night owl” | -I-9 vv (ŋa- vv +sI-1 vv

mumiiŋa- to keep a nocturnal routine | -I-9 vv (ŋa- vv

*mumika-?

mumikałuak- (t) to suddenly turn her/him/it over | -ałuak- vv

mumiqqaq process of changing direction (of wind) | perhaps -qqaq vn CHECK THIS?

mumiun pancake turner, spatula | :un vn

mumiurrat upside down sod houses? (A.S.)IS THIS THE HOUSE FOR AN UPSIDE DOWN PERSON? hee-hee-hee-hee

mumikataq (Nu) brown moss or lichen (used to start fire)

mumiQ(-) drumstick (of a bird); hindquarter; upper back part of thigh (of human); (Nu) (i) to dance in the Canadian Inuit style

mumaaqi- (Nu) (i) to do a Canadian Inuit dance | -aq-1 vv -qi- vv

mumaaqqIq- (Ti) (i) to dance alone with a drum (of man) | -aq-1 vv -qi- vv ‘=Iq-1 vv

mumaaqun (Nu) Canadian Inuit dance song | -aq-1 vv -qun vn

*munaq (root) caretaking

munaġi- (t) to take care of, watch over her/him/it @ munaqsrI- | +[ġ]i-1 rv

munaġiyaqtuq- (t) to go and take care of, watch over her/him/it @ munaqsriyyaq- | +[ġ]i-2 rv +yaqtuq- vv

munaġnaq- (i) to cause one to be cautious, (require people to watch out for); to need watching out for | +naq-1 rv IN LOOKING AT THE THESAURUS, "TO SAFEGUARD" MAY BE A BETTER DEFINITION, CHECK IT OUT - ok?

munaqsrirI guardian, shepherd | +rI-6 vv +t/rI3 vn

*muq (root) curve

muqpaaq(-) ball made from cartilage of whale flipper; (i) to play ball

muqpak- (i) to dive (of a sea mammal whose body arches high out of the water) | -pak(-)3 vv § syn piquaq I remember hearing muqpak as "ball" from Canadian cousins]

muqpauraq biscuit | :uraq1 nn

muqutipkaq ice-bound boat | perhaps +pkaq-1 vv § syn ivsaiġutipkaq § rel *muġ

N

*naa (root) stretched-out dimension

naaġniq measurement of length of one’s arms outstretched; fathom | +q-7 rv +niQ vn § also isagniq

naaġuq- (i) to be at in one’s prime; to be full (of moon) | -[ġ]uq- rv

naaġuyasI- (i) to wax, grow gradually larger (of moon)

naalgiuq- (i) to lack something to complete a project | -lgiuq- vv

naama- (i) to be enough, adequate, sufficient, complete; to have a quorum for a meeting / ki, taamna naamaruq, quyanaq okay, that is enough, thanks | +ma-1 rv

naamaIt- (i) to be not enough, insufficient | +ma-1 rv :It-1 vdv

>naamaniqłiuq- (i) to be short of something | +ma-1 rv -niqłiuq- vv

naammagi- (t) to fit it, be of the right or same size for her/him/it / qaliġuuraq naammagigaa she fits the dress | +ma-1 rv ‘-k-2 vv +[g]i-1 vdv

naammak- (i) to be of the right amount or size, to fit right, be adequate, enough | +ma-1 rv ‘-k-2 vv

naammiaq an equal ??

naammiaġIIk- (i) to be of the same size (of two or more persons or objects) | perhaps +mmIaq rv +[g]IIk(-) vn

naammiaqatigi- (t) to be the same size as her/him | +mmIaq rv -qan vn +[g]i-1 nv

naarrun that which completes something; ending; final episode of a book | +t-2 rv +run1 vn

naasaaq- be at final stage for completion; (t) to complete an activity with each one of them / naasaaġai iñuit il,alivl,ugit he shook every person’s hand | +saaq-1 rv

naat- (i) to be now complete; (t) to finish, complete it @ naatchI- / naatchil,ġataġuma quyapalugniaqtuŋa I will be overjoyed when I am finally finished | +t-2 rv

naatchiŋaitchuaq (Ti) a whaling captain with less than five whales to his credit; [lit. “one who has not completed something”] | +t-2 rv +sI vv (ŋa- vvd :It- vdv +t/ruaq (part 3s)

naatchiŋaruaq (Ti) a whaling captain having caught five or more whales [lit. “one who has completed something”] | +t-2 rv +sI vv (ŋa- vvd +t/ruaq (part 3s)

naagga or naakka (excl) no! no, stop it; (conj) or

naaggaaq- to say “no” (to her/him/it) | -.q-2 nv

naaggaqaa (conj) or (as in, “this or that”) | +qaa (encl)

naaġaayIq frog, northern wood frog (Rana sylvatica) § rel. aaġaayIq

naalak- (i) to listen with a purpose; to listen with a stethoscope; (t) to listen to it=his chest, heart with a stethoscope; to auscultate her/him/it

naalaġnI- to listen to (her/him/it) with a purpose / naalaġnivl,uni sumiñ nipatilaaŋanik il,itchuġigaa listening for it, he found out where the noise was coming from | -ġnI- vv

naalaġniummI- to be waiting expectantly for (it=news of her/him/it) | -ġnI- vv :u-4 vv -mmI-6 vv

naalaktuaġun or naalaun radio | +tuaq-1 vv :un1 vn § rel. sil,akkuaġun

naalaktuaq- to listen (to her/him/it) | +tuaq-1 vv

naallaġluummI- (i) to be apprehensive, fearing to hear the worst / naallaġluummiñaqtuq il,a naŋitpagman one feels apprehensive when a close relative is very sick | ‘-ġluk- vv -u-4 vv -mmI-6 vv

>naalunŋiaġiik mother whale with baby § rel. naraq(-)

naami (Ti, Nu) (interrog) where? where is he/she/it? § rel. nanI, nauŋ, sumI

naanaaku (expression created by the first white men as they tried to learn Iñupiaq) it will be done eventually / ‘qakugu piñiaqtuq’ uqallautigimmikamirruŋ tavra ‘naanaaku’; ‘qakugu piñiaqtuq’ innaġmatun; maatnagu naaggaqaa uvlaaġu, naanaakuuqsiññaqługuaglaan when they (first white men to try to learn Iñupiaq) meant ‘it will be done eventually’ they would say ‘naanaaku’; it was the equivalent of saying ‘it will be done eventually’, it may be today or tomorrow, their only expression was ‘naanaaku’ [elicited from ETA using Spriggs List, 1905] § rel. naa

naanaaq- (i) to go to bed (usu of a baby) § rel. nallaq- tuttaaq- iññaq-

naanŋIq- (i) to hop on one foot, once; (t) to hop over her/him/it

naanŋiraq- or naanŋiqtaq- or naanŋiqtaaq- (i) to hop on one foot, repeatedly | perhaps ~raq-4 vv or +t/raq-1 vv or -aq- vv

naanŋiraaq- (i) to play one-legged high kick where you kick and land on the same foot | -raaq-1 vv

naaparuq large pointed-bottom lugless pot (without handles) [Spencer: The North Alaskan Eskimo ‘simple, largely undecorated black pointed-bottom vessel often with perforations at the lip for suspension with cords; in size these ranged from 15 to as much as 24 inches long, with a diameter at the lips of 19 to 12 inches’]

naraq(-) (Ti) part of abdomen; (i) to have a full stomach, be full from eating § rel. aqiattuq-, niqinŋu- § rel. +naa

naaqsunŋu- (i) to feel overly full after eating; (Ti) (i) to be full from eating | su? -nŋu-2 vv § rel. aqiattuq-, niqinŋu-

naaqtu- (Ti) (i) to have a big belly | tu- nv

narraaġIIt- (i) to have a stomachache, bellyache or abdominal cramps | ‘-k-2 vv (aq4 vn +[g]IIt- nv

narraak abdomen | ‘-k-2 vv (aq4 vn -k (dual mkr)

narraaq- (i) to have stomach or abdominal pains | ‘-aq-3 nv

narrak- (i) to become pregnant; to get a distended belly | ‘-k-2 vv

narranŋu- (i) to have a stomachache | -nŋu-2 vv

narrI- (i) to be pregnant | ‘=I-1 nv § rel. siŋaiyyI-, siŋaiyau-

narrisaaq(-) (i) to become pregnant, conceive; (Nu) enlarged belly of pregnant woman | ‘=I-1 nv +saaq3 vn

naat-1 (i) to be now complete; (t) to finish, complete it § see *naa

naat-2 (i) to be snagged, caught on something

naakłIt- (t) to trip her/him=one who is progressing forward causing her/him to stumble and fall | perhaps -kłI-1 vv

naasaaq- (i) to get caught on something, get tangled | -saaq-1 vv

naksatit- (i) to suddenly, abruptly get caught (of moving object) | perhaps =ksaq- vv -tit-2 vv

naataq great gray owl (Strix nebulosa)

naataqpak barred owl (Strix varia) | +qpak(-) nn

naavit- (i) to spill (of a non-liquid substance, e.g. flour); (t) to empty, pour, dump it=non-liquid substance out @ naavitchI- or naapsI- | +vit- rv +sI-3 vv or =sI-3 vv

naaptiġun receptacle for trash or dry dirt | +vit- rv =tiq-2 vv +un vn

naaptiġvIk dumping place | +vit- rv =tiq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

naaptiq- (t) to empty, pour, dump it=non-liquid substance out repeatedly @ naaptiġi- | +vit- rv =tiq-2 vv +I-6 vv

naavriktaq- (t) to empty it by shaking | =vrik- vv +t/raq-1 vv

nagguksaun fertilizer, something to promote growth § see nagu-

naggun cause for growth; interest, of money or stock; (Ti) base of plant, main root § see nagu- rel. kaŋiun

nagguvIk nurturing place, place where one grows up § see nagu-

nagguviksraq bud; budding leaf § see nagu-

*naglik (root) compassion, mercy, sympathy, pity

nagligi- (t) to pity, feel sorry for, have compassion for her/him/it | +[g]i-1 rv

naglignaq- (i) to be pitiful, deserving of compassion | +naq-1 rv

naglikkun or nagliksraun mercy, compassion | +[g]i-1 rv ‘n1 vn or +qsraq-1 rv :un1 vn

nagliksaaġvIk hell | +saaq-1 rv +vIk1 vn

nagliksaaq- (i) to suffer | +saaq-1 rv

nagliksraq- (i) to have mercy, compassion, pity | +qsraq-1 rv

nagliktuq- (t) to give aid to her/him/it out of compassion @ nagliktuI- | +tuq-2 rv || -I-6 vv

nagliktuun vehicle for showing mercy, compassion

nagliktuutiqpak great compassion, grace | +tuq-2 rv :un1 vn +qpak nn

nagliktuutituq- (i) to be on welfare

naglikuvsuaq- to have sympathy, pity for (her/him/it) / naglikuvsuaqłuni mattaqugaa ivvaqtuġukługu feeling sorry for him, she asked him to remove his clothing so she could bathe him | ? -kuvsuaq- rv

nagnIq- (i) to stretch or exert one’s muscles or nerves to the utmost by doing something that one has not done in a long time § see naŋniq-

nagniġutau- (i) for (she/he/it) to cause stress | :un/ti1 vn :u-2 nv § see Matt:11:30

nagruk(-) antler; (t) to fight it=caribou with antlers (of another caribou with antlers); to strike her/him/it with the antlers

nagrI- (i) to grow antlers, horns | =I-1 nv

nagrulik pallid horned lark (Eremophila alpestris arcticola) | -lik1 nn

nagrugmIk- (i) to fight with antlers (of ruminants) / nagrugmiksuk pagnak bullsd are fighting with antlers | +mIk-1 nv

nagruuti- (i) to fight with antlers (of ruminants) | :uti-2 nv

nagruq- (t) to finish, kill it=wounded animal / malikataqługu tuttu nagruġaa he followed the wounded caribou and killed it

nagrutaq cause of suffering, in delaying what one is doing | perhaps +rutaq nn

nagrutchIq- (i) to be in pain, suffer, be in sorrow | ‘=Iq-1 nv

naġamnasIq black seal / naġamnatchich amiŋich akisurut black seal furs are expensive § rel. (Kiv) maġamnasiq

naġġu- (i) to dislike, not want, reject, refuse something / aitchuqsaġaluaqtaġa naġġummiuq I started to give her a gift but she did not like it and rejected it

naġġugi- (t) to not want, reject her/him/it | +[g]i-1 vv

naġluq- (i) to be unable to be calmed; be upset or angry but refuse or be unable to say why

naġrugaq (Nu) place in river where water hits a rock or bank and suddenly swerves § rel. ikkalġuq

naġruk- (i) to run ahead, passing others to lead; (t) to run in front of her/him/it; pass by her/him/it; to head her/him/it off

nagI- to smell (her/him/it) @ naisI-

naggiñ smell, odor | ‘-n1 vn

naggisaIt- (i) to have no sense of smell | ‘-n1 vn :It-1 nv

naggisIIq- (i) to lose one’s sense of smell | ‘-n1 vn :Iq-2 nv

*naġI- (root) smell, odor

naġiaq(-) to detect, smell (it=odor) ; bait used in trap | (aq4 vn

naġirrIq- (t) to bait it=trap | =rrIq-2 nv

naġiuq- (i) to sniff around; (t) to sniff her/him/it | :uq-2 vv

naġiutaq stick attached to bait in trap | utaq1 vn

naiññIq- (i) to bounce, roll one’s torso in dancing § rel. naIq- naIt-

naipit- (t) to watch her/him/it closely, spy on her/him/it

naipiqtuq- to observe, watch (her/him/it) closely or critically | +tuq-2 vv

naIq- (i) to bend one’s head to the side

naiŋa- (i) to have one’s head bent to the side | (ŋa- vv

naIt- (i) to be short of length

naikł,I- (i) to become shorter; (t) to shorten it / uvlut naikł,irut days are becoming shorter | -kłI-1 vv

naikł,il,aaq- (i) to now be made shorter; (t) to shorten it @ naikł,il,aaqsI- | -kłI-1 vv -laaq-1 vv

naiñaaq- (i) to be made shorter than was intended; (t) to make it shorter than was intended or wanted | -naaq-1 vv

naiññiq shorter one | +niQ1 vn

naisiq- (i) to be short | perhaps +siq-4 vv

naitchuaq short hand of clock; something short | +tuaq (part 3s)

naivak- (Ti) (t) to show, display it, e.g. for sale | -vak-2 vv, rel. il,I-

*nak (root) attachment § rel. nakaq, nakiq, naksI-

naksima- (i) to be hanging up on a hook or peg | +sima-2 vv

naktit- (i) to get snagged, stuck; (t) to hang it up on a hook or peg | +tit-3 rv

naktuġiq small wooden peg set in wall for hanging clothes; button, wooden or metal catch or hook | perhaps +tuq-2 rv, perhaps +Iq3 vn

>nakaq, nakaaq or nakaun or nakautaq stem of the edible plant, stem, stalk of plant; (Nu) tall water grass with white top § rel. nagu-, aiġaq

nakaurat long-stemmed marsh grass eaten by caribou | :uraq nn -t (pl mkr) § rel. >pikniq

nakautaq red stem of the sorrel leaf | -utaq1 nn see quŋulliq

nakasuk bladder § rel. nakI-

nakasugnaq calf of leg | +naq3 nn

nakasuŋŋuaq flask, bottle with wide bottom and narrow neck | (ŋŋuaq nn

nakatchIt- (i) to have a full bladder | ‘=It-3 nv

nakataq sight on gun

nakI- (i) to be unable to urinate because of a urinary tract disorder § rel. nakasuk

nakiñ (Ti) (interrog) from where, whence § rel. sumiñ

nakiq- (i) to go direct, straight; to shoot far (of an arrow) § rel. nali

nakiġIIt- (i) to be obstinate | +[g]IIt- nv

nakiqsaq- (t) to adjust, straighten it @ nakiqsaI- | +saq-3 vv

nakiqsI- (i) to be finally satisfied | +sI-1 vv

nakkaq- (i) to dive, plunge § rel. agluq-2

nakkaqtaq- (i) to accidentally fall headlong from a high place / nakkaqtaqtuq iglum qaaŋaniñ aqiyamun he accidentally fell headlong into the mud from the roof of the house | +t/raq-1 vv

nakkaummI- (i) to remain under water, be submerged for some time after diving | -u-4 vv +mmI-6 vv

naksI- (Ti) to try to finish off, kill (it=wounded animal), to strike (it=wounded animal) again § rel. naŋit-2 perhaps +sI-5 rv

naksiġaq target for shooting practice | (aq4 vn

naksiġaq- (i) to fire at a target | (aq-1 vv

naksIq(-) the goal (a peg inserted in ground) in game of qiputaq, a game similar to horseshoes; (i) to reach and touch goal (of wooden stick tossed toward naksIq in a game of qiputaq) | perhaps +sI-5 rv +q-7 vv

naku- (i) to cross one’s eyes; to cross (of eyes)

*naku goodness, pleasure (root)

nakkutigi- (t) to have her/him/it as a source of enjoyment, pleasure, pastime; to tease her/him/it playfully | ‘n1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

nakuaġi (t) to like, love her/him/it | +aq4 rn +[g]i-1 nv

nakuraq fat (of caribou or moose); anything delicious | +aq4 rn

*nakuaq one loved, liked, appreciated

nakuaqqiaguti- (t) to grow to like her/him/it | +aq4 rv +[g]i-1 nv ‘-aq-1 vv :uti-2 vv

nakuaqqun love | (aq4 rn +[g]i-1 nv ‘n1 vn

nakuaqsraq- (i) to feel attraction or take pleasure in, to like something | +aq4 rv +[g]i-1 nv -qsraq-1 vv

nakuaqsrI- (i) to experience pleasure, be loving | ~srI-2 vv

nakuqsI- (Ti, Nu) (i) to get better, improve; (t) to improve, fix, repair, make it better | perhaps +q-7 vv +sI-1 vv § rel. nakuuqsI-

nakut- (t) to provide entertainment for her/him/it; to keep her/him/it amused @ nakutchI- | -t-1 rv

nakuu- (i) to be good, nice | -u-4 rv

nakuuqsaq- (i) to improve, fix up one’s appearance; (t) to improve, fix it | -u-4 rv -q-7 vv +saq-3 vv

nakuuqsautit cosmetics | -u-4 rv -q-7 vv +saq-3 vv :un1 vn -t (pl mkr)

nakuuqsI- to improve (of weather); (i) to become well after being ill; to get better (of a wound, sore, etc.); to improve one’s behavior | -u-4 rv -q-7 vv +sI-1 vv

nakuuqsrI- (i) to enjoy, take pleasure in something, to relax, take it easy | -u-4 rv -q-7 vv ~srI-2 vv

nala- (i) to lie in a horizontal position on one’s side or back

nalaqhIk- (i) to lie around doing nothing | -qhIk- vv

nalaquyauraq infant unable to sit by himself, baby § rel.miqłiqtuuraq, miġayauraq | -quyak- vn :uraq nn

nalauraaq- (i) to rest lying down | -uraaq-1 vv

nallaq- (i) to lie down; to be admitted to a hospital | ‘-q-1 vv

nallaqasiq- (t) to get in bed with her/him / nallaqasiġaa nukaaluni qiaruaq iqsivl,uni she got in bed with her younger sibling who was crying because she was afraid | ‘-q-1 vv -qati vn ~Iq-1 nv

nallauti- (t) to put her/him in bed and lie with her/him / nallautigaa miqłiqtuuraq siqupkaqsaqługu she put the child in bed and lay down with her to put her to sleep | ‘-q-1 vv :uti-2 vv

*nali (root) even, in line; (Ti) south side of Point Hope, Alaska; price / tauqsiġñiaġvium nalaani ittut they are located in a direct line with the store; nalaagun miŋuaqtuġvium il,iñiaqsimaraat I found out that they are going to place it right by the school; nalimun pisuaqtuaġniaqtuguk we will take a walk toward the south side (of Point Hope); nalaa taaptuma nalugiga I do not know the price of that one; naliqaqtuq qulinik its price is ten dollars § rel. akI

nalaiñ (adv) not very much; (excl) do it right, be careful, take it easy, don’t mess it up | siksriqalaitchuq nalaiñ (taunna) Kuukpaaġruk there aren’t too many squirrels on the Kuukpaaġruk River

nalaŋIq- (i) to be in line horizontally; (t) to be in line horizontally with her/him/it | +ŋIq- nv

nalaugaŋaraq [Itta 10:A]

nalaułługu according to, in accordance with

nalaunniQ animal skin with hair just right (not too thick, too stiff, etc) for making clothes | +ut-1 nv +niQ1 vn

nalaunŋa- (i) to be right, be just; to shoot straight, be accurate (of gun) | +ut-1 nv (ŋa- vv

nalaurrun prediction, prophecy which has come to pass; destiny ??

nalaut- (i) to be correct, guess correctly, have one’s prediction fulfilled; (t) to guess it right | +ut-1 nv

nalaut- (t) to go to her/his house to accompany her/him | +ut-1 nv

nalautchaaq- (t) to travel directly to her/him/it | +ut-1 nv +saaq- vv

nalautchakatit- to overtake, come upon (her/him/it) suddenly, meet (her/him/it) unexpectedly / nalautchakatiłługu anisaqsimammiuġlu aŋuliġiga I caught him right as he was leaving | +ut-1 nv +tchaq-1 vv +katit- vv

nalautchaq- (i) to prophesy, predict, guess, take a gamble | +ut-1 nv +tchaq-1 vv

nalautchaqti predictor, soothsayer, prophet | +ut-1 nv +saq-2 vv +t/rI3 vn

nalautchuġaaq- (i) to bet; to play solitaire | +ut-1 nv +suġaaq- vv

nalautirrun gunsight | +ut-1 nv (tit- vv :un1 vn

nalautit- (i) to be fulfilled, happen, come to pass, of a prophecy @ nalautitchI- | +ut-1 nv (tit- vv

nalġuq- or nalġuqtiq- (Ti) (t) to take a shortcut; straighten, make it straight @ nalġuI- | ~[ġ]uq- nv or ~[ġ]uq- nv -+tiq-2 vv

nalġuqsruq- (t) to instruct her/him/it on how to do it correctly | ~[ġ]uq- nv (qsruq-2 vv

naligi- (t) to be equal to her/him/it in ability; (Nu) (t) to have her/him as a weaker partner (e.g. of a wrestler with a weaker person ??) | +[g]i-1 rv

naligiik(-) two things in line, occupying the same position in a progression (e.g. runners running neck and neck); (i) to be in line, up to the same level of achievement, progression | +[g]IIk(-) rv

naligiŋIt- (t) to not be equal to her/him/it in ability | +[g]i-1 rv (ŋIt- vv

naliġak- (i) to make a choice, weighing the possibilities; (t) to evaluate her/him/it in comparison to others | +[ġ]ak-2 rv

naliġaquri- (i) to call for question during meeting | ġak- rv -[t]qu- vv ? -ri- vv ?

naliġunaq- (i) to be equally desireable; to be not easily distinguished | -ġut- rv naq(-)1rv

naliġut- (i) to be undecided or be unable to decide; to have difficulty deciding | ġut- rv ?

nalimmak- (i) to be equals; be filled to brim; (t) to be equal to her/him/it | +mmak(-) ?

nalimuk- (i) to go straight, directly to | (muk- rv

nalimuu- (i) to go straight forward by the most direct route | (muk- nv -u-4 vv

nalliak which one of thesed | perhaps ~lIQ4 nn :ak (poss 3d-s)

nalliat which one of these | perhaps ~lIQ4 nn :at (poss 3p-s)

nalligiik two equals in every aspect | perhaps ~lIQ4 nn +[g]IIk(-) nn, nv

nallIq- (t) to grow as big as her/him/it; to move or travel beside her/him/it; to catch up with her/him/it | ‘=Iq-1 vv

nallIq- or nallIt- (Ti) (t) to put a price on it | ‘=Iq-1 rv

nallisaun something offered as a bid on something else | ‘=Iq-1 vv ‘=It-3 nv

nallIt- (t) to offer to trade for something; to bid | ‘=It-3 nv

nalliummati- (i) to be equal (of two or more persons); to keep up (of one person) | ‘=Iq-1 rv perhaps -u-4 ? +ma-1 vv ‘n1 vn ? ti-4 nv

nalliun final trade object; accepted bid | ‘=It-3 nv :un1 vn

nalliuti- (i) to now be equals; to be tied, as in a score of a game; (t) to now have the same score as her/his | ‘=Iq-1 rv :uti-2 vv

nalikkak one side of the area between legs of body |

nalikkaak area between legs of body or trousers

nalikkiqi- (i) to clean or play with his/her bottom; (t) to clean or play with his/her bottom | '=Iqi-1 nv

nalu- to not know, be ignorant of (her/him/it); to be uninformed (about her/him/it) / nalugaa sumuktilaaŋanik she does not know where he went

naluksriñŋa- (i) to be unconscious | perhaps +ksraq(-)1 vn ‘=It-3 nv (ŋa- vv

naluksrIt- (i) to become unconscious | perhaps +ksraq(-)1 vn ‘=It-3 nv

nalunail,utaq signpost, sign; identification tag, marker | +naq- vv :It-1 vv -lutaq vn

nalunaiñŋutaq or (Nu) nalunaigutaq or (Nu) naluŋaiġutaq brand, sign, marker to show possession | +naq- vv :It-1 vv (ŋutaq vn or +naq- vv :Iq-2 vv -utaq vn or +utaq vn

nalunaiñŋutchIq- or (Nu) nalunaigutchIq- naluŋaiġutchIq- (t) to mark, brand it to show possession | +naq- vv :It-1 vv (ŋutaq vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

nalunaIq- (i) to signify; to become clear, visible, distinct, audible; (t) to reveal, make her/him/it known, “bring out in the open” / nalunaiġaa nullaġviksraŋat aullaaqtuat he marked off the camp site for the campers | +naq- vv :Iq-2 vv

nalunaIt- (i) to be clear, visible, distinct, audible / aakaa nipiŋa nalunaitchuq, il,isaġiliġuugiga my mother’s voice is distinctive, I recognize it quickly | +naq- vv :It-1 vv

nalunaq- (i) to be indistinct, barely visible, blend with the environment, be camouflaged; to be doubtful | +naq- vv

nalunaqsI- (i) to become indistinct, fade from view | +naq- vv +sI-1 vv

nalupqigi- (t) to be uncertain about her/him/it / nalupqigigaa tikiñŋatilaaŋanik he is uncertain whether he has arrived or not | -pqi- vv +[g]i- vv

nalupqinaIt- (i) to be a certainty, without any doubt, of a happening; to be reliable, of a person; to be sociable by nature, of a person | -pqi- vv +naq- vv :It-1 vv

nalupqinaq- (i) to be unpredictable, unreliable; to be an uncertainty | -pqi- vv +naq- vv

nalupqisuk- (i) to be doubtful, uncertain | -pqi- vv +suk-3 rv

nalupqisuŋIt- (i) to be confident, sure of oneself / nalupqisuŋitchuq il,isaurriruaq Iñupiatun she has a lot of confidence teaching Iñupiaq | -pqi- vv +suk-3 rv (ŋIt- vv

nalupqisuun doubt; uncertainty | -pqi- vv +suk-3 rv :un1 vn

naluruaġi- (t) to take advantage of her/him considering her/him to be ignorant, naive or not intelligent / naluruaġivlutauvva ivayaqtuġniġaatigut because he thought of us as naive and unsuspecting, he robbed us (thinking we would not find out) | +t/ruaq (part 3s) +[g]i- nv

naluugaq- (i) to be uninformed, not know | -ugaq- vv

naluaq sun-bleached seal or bearded seal skin

naluaġmiu white person; (lit. inhabitant of sun bleached seal skin) | (miu

nalurrI- (i) to prepare seal or bearded seal skin for the process of bleaching by the sun / aakaga nalurrisuuruq upinġaaġman my mother processes seal or bearded seal skins for sun bleaching in summer | =rrI-2 nv rel. qaqsuq-; puvitquq-

nalurriqi- (i) to work with sun-bleached seal skins | =rrIqi- nv

naluk-1 (t) to throw it underhand; to toss it up / nalukkaa ayuktaq miqłiqtunun he threw the ball to the children

nalluaq- (i) to participate in tossing someone on a mapkuq (blanket-toss skin) during Nalukataq (whaling festival); (t) to toss up repeatedly; to toss her/him on a mapkuq during nalukataq (of many persons) | ‘-aqi1 vv

nalluaqtit people who are holding the mapkuq and tossing the jumper | ‘-aq-1 vv +t/rI3 vn -t (pl mkr)

nallugaq- (t) to throw, toss one repeatedly or a few at a time | nallugai- perhaps ‘-k-2 vv +aq-1 vv

nalluġruq- (Ti) (t) to give out, toss them out at a give-away, e.g during the Nalukataq from behind the wind shelters to the people who are sitting on the ground watching the Nalukataq and being served food | perhaps ‘-k-2 vv -ġruq- vv ? perhaps -qsruq-2 vv

nalluk- (t) to toss up and down repeatedly

nallukataq- (t) to toss her/him/it around; throw her/him/it up and down | ? ‘-k-2 vv -kataq- vv

Nalukataq(-) the whaling festival held (usu in June) after spring whaling season ends; after fall and spring whaling a communal feast held outdoors in which blanket-tossing is the main entertainment with the Eskimo Dance providing the grand finale; (i) pl. to celebrate Nalukataq (of many people) | -kataq- vv

nalukataq- (i) to be tossed up and down on the mapkuq during the whaling festival | -kataq- vv

nalukataqtitchi- (i) one(s) who make the whaling festival happen, by a successful whaling season | -kataq- vv -+tit-1 vv +sI-3 vv

nalukataun a song sung during the blanket-toss | -kataq- vv :un1 vn

nalukatauraq- (Ti) (i) to jump on a jumping board | -kataq- vv :uraq-2 vv § also aatchikisaaq-

nalukatauraun (Ti) jumping board | kataq- vv :uraq-2 vv :un1 vn § also aatchukisaun-

nalukatautik dehaired seal skin summer boots with strip-trimmed tops | -kataq- vv :un1 vn -k (dual mkr) § see qaqłiik

nalukattat people who are attending Nalukataq | -kataq(-) vn –t (pl mkr)

naluk-2 (i) to go in water (of mammals); to glide in chest-deep water; to swim, wade; to swim (of animal, e.g. walrus, polar bear)

naluksaaq- (i) to plunge into water

nanġaq- (i) to praise oneself; (t) to praise her/him/it @ nanġaI- / qaukłiŋata nanġaġaa savalluataġnivl,ugu his boss praised him for doing a good job

nanġaaq best choice | (aq4 vn

*na (root) where § rel. su

nanI (Nu) (interrog) where? | (loc) (ni § also sumI

napmun (Nu) where to | (mun (term) § also sumun

nakiñ (Nu) where from § also sumiñ

nanii (excl) used when something is done well and with force, e.g. when boxer hits his opponent with a good one; has a good rebuttal

naniq lamp § also qulliq

naniaq- or naniaqtuaq- (i) to warm oneself by the fire to alleviate pain; (t) warm it by the fire / naniaġaa qiluqqiññiñi he warmed his strained muscle § rel. pasik-

naniġuaq kerosene lantern | +ġuaq1 vn

naniġuun small hand-carried lamp; small stick to trim seal oil lamp | perhaps +uq-1 nv :un1 vn

nanniaġIk- (i) to be brightly lit | ‘=Iq-1 nv perhaps (aq4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

nannIq- (i) to turn on light; turn on a light for oneself; (t) to light, turn on a light for her/him; to install electricity in it=house / nanniqsuq isiqami iglumiñun he turned on the light when he entered his house | ‘=Iq-1 nv

nanniun or nanniutiksraq (Nu) rendered fat for lamp | ‘=Iq-1 nv :un1 vn or +ksraq(-)

naniq- (i) to be caught in a trap; (t) to pin her/him/it down with weight; to travel directly over her/him/it (of moving conveyance); to catch it in one’s trap @ naniqsI-

nanġutalik (Nu) leg-hold trap; trap with a piece which falls on trapped animal | :utaq1 vn –lik1 nn § rel. naniġiraq

nanġutaq (Nu) jaw of a leg-hold trap | :utaq1 vn

naniġiaq leg-hold trap | +iaq2 vn § rel. nanġutalik

naniġiaqtalik loose animal with trap on foot

naniġiaqtuq- (i) to trap animals; (t) to set trap for it / naniġiaqtuqtuq pisukkaanik he is trapping foxes; naniġiaqtuġaa qavvik akatchiruaq niqinik he has set traps for the wolverine that has been getting into the food cache | +iaq2 vn +tuq-3 nv

naniġirrIq- (i) to prepare and set a leg-hold trap; (t) to set a leg-hold trap for it=game animal | =rrIq-2 nv

naniġirriqsuq- (i) to prepare and set traps in different places| +iaq2 vn ‘=rrIq-2 nv +tuq-2 vv

naniqtit- (i) to be caught in a trap; to be pinned down by weight; (t) to cause it to be caught in a trap; to cause her/him/it to be pinned down by weight / naniqtittuq unianun he got pinned down by the sled | (tit-1 vv

nanmak(-) something carried on the back; to carry (it) on one’s back or in a backpack; (i) to play a game where one walks around carrying others who are holding on him/her | also nagmak(-)

nanmakti pack animal, beast of burden (e.g. reindeer, dog, donkey) | +t/ri3 vn § see kakakti

Nanmatchiaq constellation [lit. “like a hunchback”]

nanmau- (i) to go on a backpacking trip

natmautaġiak (Nu) shoulder straps for a pack | -utaq1 vn +iaq2 nn -k (dual mkr)

natmautaġiaq (Nu) area of arm just below shoulder | -utaq1 vn +iaq2 § rel. uniq

natmautalik (Nu) gun with a shoulder strap; old-style snare of sinew | -utaq1 vn –lik1 nn

natmautaq (Nu) shoulder strap for carrying a gun or backpack; backpack | -utaq1 vn

nanmaun or (Nu) natmagvIk dog pack; backpack | :un1 vn or +vIk1 vn

nanmiuq- to prepare (it) to carry on one’s back | ‘=Iuq-1 nv

nanmiuti- or (Nu) natmiuti- (t) to put it on one’s back to carry | perhaps ‘=Iq-1 nv :un1 vn ? ‘ti-4 nv

nanmIk (Nu) crosswise wooden slat in skin boat

nanmit (Ti) cross-braces which hold boat keel in place | -t (pl mkr)

nanmiñiQ without any question, doubt; definitely; peer; one with whom one can be completely free to express oneself; one’s blood relatives; one’s property or belongings

nanmiñiqtuq- (t) to speak or deal strictly and directly with a blood relative | +tuq-3 nv

nanniaġIk- (i) to be brightly lit § see naniq

nanuġun good luck charm, usually a rock § see aanġuaq

nanuk- to rub something on (her/him/it) / nanuktuq uqsruġunmik he is applying oil on himself / nanukkaa siŋiġñaurraaġniñi nanuluunmik he is rubbing his sprained ankle with liniment

nanuiqasiraq- or nanuiqasiraaq- (i) to rub against, touch accidentally; (t) to rub against it | -qasiraq- vv -aq-1 vv § rel. agiuqasiraaq- under agIk-

nanuktaaġun jam, jelly | +taaq-1 rv :un1 vn

nanuluun liniment, soothing lotion | -luk-3 vv :un1 vn

nanuun liniment, ointment | :un1 vn

nanuq polar bear (Thalarctos maritimus)

nanniaq- (i) to go polar bear hunting | ‘=Iaq-1 nv

nannuk- (i) to kill a polar bear | ‘-k-1 nv

nanuġaq piece of polar bear skin | [ġ]aq3

naŋaq- to skirt around (her/him/it)

naŋaa- (Ti) to avoid (her/him/it) | -a-2 vv

naŋiaq- (i) to be afraid of falling, esp. from a high place or into deep water

naŋiaqtu- (i) to have a fear of heights or depths | -tu- vv

naŋiaqtuu- (i) to withdraw a whaling camp because of dangerous ice conditions created by high winds or fast ocean currents | +tuq-2 vv -u-4 vv

naŋIIt- (i) to be daring, brave in doing something risky | =It-1 vv

naŋIq waterproof sheet placed under baby or invalid

naŋit-1 (i) to be sick § rel. sagniuq-, anniġñaq-, iñuaġiit-

naŋilIq- (i) to become sick | -lIq-3 vv

naŋinnaq- (i) to be wearisome; to be harmful, bad for one’s well-being | +naq- vv

naŋirrun disease, epidemic, sickness | +run1 vn

naŋirrutinnak- (i) to contract a disease | +run1 vn -nnak- nv

naŋirvik hospital | +vIk1 vn

naŋit-2 (Ti) (t) to try to finish it off, kill it=wounded animal, often a whale @ naŋitchI- § rel. naksI-

naŋniq- (i) to strain one’s body by overworking; (t) to press her/him/it onward to a destination; (t) to push, coerce, force her/him; (Ti) (t) to beat her/him up badly @ naŋniġlik-

naŋniqtuq- (i) to strain one’s body by overworking | +tuq-2 vv

napa- (i) to be standing upright, e.g. a house, pole, tree

*napaaq (root) to continuously be upright

napaaqsiaq- (i) to go to the tree line | +aq-1 vv perhaps +siuq- nv =Iaq- vv

napaaqtuayaaq vine | +aq-1 vv +tuq5 vn -ayaaq

napaaqtuq tree, spruce tree | +aq-1 vv +tuq5 vn

napaaqtum aqargia spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis) +aq-1 vv +tuq5 n -m (rel mkr) aqargiq ‘ptarmigan’ | :a (poss 3s--s)

napaaqtum qargia sharp-tailed grouse (Pediocetes phasianellus)

napaat- (Ti) (t) to stand it up | +aq-1 vv -t-1 vv

napaatchak(-) dart game; (i) to play darts, mumblety-peg

napaatchaq(-) (Ti) a dart; to play a game with two sticks, the point being to fit one into a hole in the other; also, a game where a stick with a needle must be made to fall so it stands straight up in a board (like darts) | +aq-1 vv -t-1 vv +saq-2 vv

napaġiaq vertical support; post holding something up; one of many vertical pieces (stanchions) which support side rails of sled; something which is upright | -q-7 vv +Iaq2 vn

napaksraq (Nu) mast | +ksraq vn

napaqsraq pole, post, mast | +qsraq2 vn

napaqti mast | ? -q-7 vv +t/ri3 vn

napaqutaq signpost; gravestone | -qutaq vn

napaqutchIq- (t) to provide it with a signpost or gravestone | -qutaq vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

napaquyuk (Nu) circular tent with single pole staked to ground | -quyuk vn

naparaġaaq- (i) to turn somersaults; to do a handstand | +raġaaq(-) vv

naparaq clay pottery | +raq-1vv § rel. qikuyyaq

naparaq- (i) to tumble over, turn a somersault | -raq-4 vv

naparaqtaq- (i) to tumble more than once | -raq-5 vv +t/raq-1 vv

naparuq sled stanchion, boat “rib” of wood, vertical frame support inside boat | +ruq1 vn § rel. tulimaaq

napaugaq- (i) to be standing upright still (not of person) | -ugaq- vv

napautaq one pole of a tripod used to suspend pot above fire | -utaq1 vn

napauttat tripod used to suspend pot above fire | -utaq1 vn –t (pl mkr)

nappaqutaq log driven into ground to support a structure vertically

nappaqutat pilings | ‘q-1 vv -utaq1 vn

nappaq- (t) to erect, build it=building, monument; to set it upright @ nappaI- | ‘-q-1 vv

nappaqsuġaaġun (Ti) knife, implement for playing mumblety-peg | ‘-q-1 vv +suġaaq- vv +un1 vn

nappaqsuġaaq- (Ti) (i) to play mumblety-peg | ‘-q-1 vv +suġaaq- vv

nappaqtaq circular tent with one central pole | ‘-q-1 vv +t/raq4 vn

napi- (i) to break in half; (t) to cut, break it in half @ napisI-

napigiaġniQ vertebra | perhaps +iaq-5 vv +niQ1 vn

napiniQ hump of a hunchbacked person; place at which something is broken | +niQ1 vn

napiŋa- (i) to be hunchbacked; to be broken in half | ±ŋa- vv

nappannak- (i) to earn half of something one has helped to gain possession of | ‘-nnak- nv

nappaQ half of something which has been cut, crosswise split, division in half; hump of hunchback | ‘-Q4 vn § rel. avvaQ under avik-

napit- (i) to become snared, trapped, fastened; (t) to trap, snare it | -t-1 vv

>napirviksraugaq- [AP 120] ?

napitaq animal caught in trap or snare | (aq4 vn

napu cross-brace (of sled)

napuksraq that which will be made into a cross-brace napaaqtunik makua napuksraqtuġuurut; urgiil,iñik pil,aitchut spruce trees, not birch trees, are used in making cross-braces (for sleds) | +ksraq nn

napulgIt uniat (Nu) old-style sled with bent crosspieces | -lik nn :It (pl mkr)

naqit- (i) to be low; (t) to press her/him/it down

naqikłI- (i) to set (of sun); to become lower; humble oneself; (t) to lower, decrease its height | -kłI-1 vv

naqikł,il,aaq- (i) to now be made lower; (t) to lower it | -kłI-1 vv -laaq-1 vv

naqikłil,auraq- (i) to dance low to the floor, ground; (t) to set her/him/it very low | -kłI-1 vv -lauraq-2 vv

naqilġuq lower part of mountaintop or hilltop | +lġuq vn

naqimik- (t) to hold her/him/it down by pressing on her/him/it | -mIk-1 vv

naqitak- (i) to be secured, tied down; (t) to tie it down securely; (t) to be a hindrance to her/him | -ak-1 vv

naqitaq bread dough | (aq4 vn

naqitaqpIk side rail on sled for tying down load | -ak-1 vv -qpIk vn

naqitaqsruq- (t) to tie it down securely @ naqitaqsruI- | -ak-1 vv -qsruq-2 vv

naqitchI- (i) to make bread dough; to knead | +sI-3 vv

naqittaġnaq piano, organ | +t/raq-1 vv +naq vn

naqsraq(-) ridge which divides watersheds of rivers; pass, a valley or passage in the mountains; low point of a hill which must be crossed; (i) to go by way of the lowest point; (t) to go by way of its lowest point | =sraq3 vn

Naqsraġlugiaq (place name) a summit | +luk2 nn +iaq2

Naqsraq Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska

naqsriñiQ a ridge-like area where two parts meet or separate and share an intersection | =I-1 nv +niQ1 vn

naqsik(-) pug-nose; (i) to wrinkle one’s nose; (Ti) (i) to push one’s nose up, e.g. by bumping into a rope; (t) to wrinkle one’s nose at her/him/it; (Ti) (t) to push her/his nose up to show dislike for her/him | perhaps ~sIk-1 v § rel. naqit-

naqsiaq neck muffler used for protection against extreme cold, usually made out of wolf’s tail or very thick winter caribou hide | (aq4 vn

naqsiŋa- (i) to be pug-nosed | (ŋa- vv

naqsiŋayaaq- (i) to unknowingly run head first into a taut line, rope | (ŋa- vv -yaaq-1 vv

naqtuq- (i) to shatter, break or crack, fracture (of glass or ceramic); (t) to break it=glass or ceramic @ naqtuI-

naqtuġaaq(-) (Ti) crack, as in ice, glass or ceramic; (i) to crack, shatter (of ice, glass or ceramic); (t) to break, shatter it=glass or ceramic into pieces | +aaq-2 vv § rel. quppaq under qupi-

naqtuqqat pieces of broken glass or anything breakable | (aq4 vn ‘-t (pl mkr)

narraaġIIt- (i) to have a bellyache, abdominal pains § see naraq-

narraak abdomen; ventral portion (of fish) § see naraq-

narrI- (Ti) (i) to be pregnant § see naraq- § rel. siŋaiyyI-, siŋaiyau-

narrisaaq(-) (Nu) enlarged belly of pregnant woman; (i) to become pregnant, conceive § see naraq-

narvaq pond, lake; (by extension) eight, at cards

narvalik (Nu) eight, at cards | -lik

narvaqtuq- (Nu) to hunt (them=caribou) from kayak in a lake / tuttunun narvaqtuqtut they are hunting caribou from a kayak in a lake +tuq-3 nv

nasaq(-) parka hood; (i) to put one’s hood up; (t) to put her/his hood up

nasaallIk- or nasaałłIk- (i) to have one’s snow shirt hood slide off the parka hood

nasaġaq or nasaġauraq or (Ti) nasaġaaq kerchief; hood-like head cover; shawl | -[ġ]aq3

nasapak- (i) to keep one’s parka hood on indoors or out, unnecessarily | -pak-3 vv

nasaqpalik parka with large hood (Canadian style) | +qpak –lik1 nv

>nasaulligaq small brown male bird | -ullIk nn +[ġ]aq3

nasaullIk ptarmigan with brown head feathers | -ullIk nn

nasautaq(-) hat, cap; (i) to put a hat or cap on; (t) to put a hat or cap on her/him/it | -utaq1

natchI- or natchiuq- (i) to make a hood; (t) to make a hood for her/him/it; to make it into a hood | ‘=I-1 nv or ‘=Iuq- nv

nasIt- (i) to come up to a high vantage point and have a panoramic view; to look for game from a high vantage point / nasiññami maniqqamun tautukkaa aŋayuqaagmi igluak [need English translation]

nasiqsriaġnaq- (Nu) (i) to be at a high vantage point | -qsruq-2 vv ‘=Iaq-1 vv +naq- vv

nasiqsruaq- (Nu) (i) to look out, scout for game from a vantage point | -qsruq-2 vv (aq-1 vv

nasiqsruġvIk pile of stones or high area used as lookout | -qsruq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

nasiqsruq- (i) to crane one’s neck; to look for game in the distance | -qsruq-2 vv

nasirvIk or nasiqsruġvIk lookout place | +vIk1 vn

nasitchiaġaq- (Nu) (i) to use the high vantage point

natatquq soft bone; cartilage; egg white | -tquq

natatquaq cartilage, soft bones (of young animals or children) | -tquq nn -aq6 nn

natatquġnaq hailstone | -quq nn +naq nn § rel. sikuġlak

natatqulaat soft immature bones of children | -tquq- rn (laaq3 nn –t (pl mrkr)

natchIk- (i) to want to go with someone; to cry wanting to go with someone (of child); (t) to not want to be separated from her/him/it; to cry wanting to go with her/him/it § rel. malik-

natchIQ(-) seal; (i) to kill a seal

natchiaġruk seal pup | -aġruk

Do more work on -aruk nn. This might be two endings. James]

natchiaġruuk or natchiviak (Ti) ankle-length seal-skin breeches with fur outside | -aġruk nn -k (dual mkr) or -viaq2 nn -k (dual mkr) § also qaġliaġruk (Kiv)

natchiayaaq infant seal | -ayaaq

natchiġruaq (Nu) seal-skin parka | +ġruaq1

natchiñġaq(-) rendered blubber in seal oil; seal blubber used on sinew to make sinew go through needle hole easily; a piece of seal skin; to kill the first seal (of a boy) | ‘=Iñġaq

natchiqsiun large mesh net for seals | +siun vn

natchiviaq (Nu) dehaired seal-skin boot with bearded seal-skin sole | -viaq2

natiQ(-) floor; to construct a floor (on it) /

natiQ(-) (Ti) soft skin sole for skin sock or tuttulik; (t) to put a soft skin sole on it=sock or tuttulik | natiqsi-

nataaġnaq arctic flounder (Liopsetta glacialis) | -aq-8 nv +naq4 vn

nataaq(-) (t) to attach a bottom to it; (Ti) soft skin sole (as on tuttulik) | -aq-7 nv

natchI- to prepare a flooring (for it) | do phoneme analysis

natchIq- (t) to install a flooring on it | ‘=Iq-1 nv

natchiñ (Nu) floor; bedrock / nunam natchisaa the land’s floor or bedrock | natchisit wooden floor planks; pieces of boards or willows used for flooring in temporary dwelling | ‘=Iq-1 nv ‘-n1 vn +t (pl mkr)

>natchitchIq- (t) to lay temporary flooring while camping | perhaps ‘=It-3 nv +[t]sIq- vv

natiġnaq large expanse of low land; valley | +naq nn § rel. qattaġniQ

natiġvIk- (i) to blow, drift low along the ground (of snow or dust) | +vIk-3 nv

natiqłIQ the lowest object; (Nu) something on the floor | +łłIQ1

natiqłIt- to be at the bottom (of it); to be as far down as one can go | ‘=It-3 nv

natqa base of something / iġġim natqa the base of the mountain | :a 3ps

natqIk- (i) to recover so that one’s condition is stable; (t) to correct, rectify, set things right with her/him/it

natqiksiaq- (i) to pause to regain one’s composure or strength; (t) to wait for her/him/it to regain her/his/its composure or strength | +[t]sIq- vv -aq-1 vv

natqiksruq- (t) to correct her/him when she/he has erred @ natqiksruI- | +qsruq-2 vv

natqiksruun discipline; correction | +qsruq-2 vv :un1 vn

natquq sharp arrowhead or bullet tip | +quq rn

natqIq- (Nu) to chip it=flint using a small hammer | ‘=Iq-1 nv

natqiun or natqiutaq (Nu) small hammer used to chip flint [Driggs 1905, p94 `a small hammer made preferably from the base of the horn of a deer when it enters into the bony portion of the skull’] | :un1 vn

natqulik arrow with sharp bone head; (Ti) big bird [Dinah Frankson recorded by Karen B]| +quq rn –lik1 nn

natquun (Nu) long case, bag for snowshoe thong | :un3

nagu- (i) to grow (of a plant or wart); to wax (of moon); to increase § ant. nipi-

nagguksaun fertilizer; something to promote growth (e.g. words of wisdom) | ‘-k-2 rv +saq-3 vv :un1 vn

naggun basis for growth; interest (of money or stock); base of plant, main root | ‘n1 vn § also maŋŋuQ, kaŋiun

nagguvIk nurturing place; place where one grows up | ‘-k-2 rv +vIk1 vn

nagguviksraq bud; budding leaf | ‘-k-2 rv +vIk1 vn +ksraq

nauġala-, nauġallak- (i) to flare up (of fire) | +q-7 vv -ala- vv ‘-k-2 vv

naulguti- (i) to indulge in something; to suddenly get very sick

naullaġnaq small sea mollusk | -llaq-1 vv +naq4 vn

nauma- (i) to be the biggest, the best; be the most important or the most valuable one; to be better off, stronger, richer, brighter, braver than | +ma-1 vv § rel. -łhamaaq- vv

naunġaq a bud; young tree or willow | -nġaq1 vn

nauniQ(-) descendant; growth; (i) to be long-lived | -niQ vn

nauriaq flower; plant | +ri-4 vv +aq4 vn

nautchiaksraq a seed | +[t]sIq- vv -aq4 vn -ksraq1

nautchiaksriuġun a plow | +[t]sIq- vv (aq4 vn –ksraq ‘=Iuq nv :un1 vn

nautchiraq garden flower; vegetable | +[t]sIq- vv (aq4 vn

nautchiaqaġvIk garden; flower shop | +[t]sIq- vv (aq4 vn –qaq1- nv +vIk1 vn

nautchii- (i) to grow plants; waiting for plants to grow | +[t]sIq- vv -I-11 vv

nautchiivIk garden; flower pot | +[t]sIq- vv -I-11 vv +vIk1 vn

nautchIq- (Ti) (t) to plant it=plant @ nautchiri- | +[t]sIq- vv

nautchirrIq- to plant plants (on it) | +[t]sIq- vv -aq4 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

nauttaaq- to ration (it) | -t- vv +taaq-1 vv

*nau- (root) leap forward CHECK ON THE *NAU, SINCE WORDS UNDER IT ARE NAUK- AND NAUT-

nauktaq- (i) to jump over | -ktaq- vv

nautkiaq- (i) to jump down | -tkiaq- rv

naukun (Nu) (interrog) by which way § rel. sukun under su(-)

*nau (root) process of impalement ??

naulaq toggle harpoon; detachable spearhead | -laq1 vn § rel. kapusiun

naulgun (Ti) sealing harpoon | :un1 vn

nauligaq(-) smaller harpoon used for seal hunting; (Ti) harpoon for bearded seal and walrus; (i) to use the harpoon; (t) to harpoon it=whale, seal, walrus | +aq3 vv, vn

nauligaun darting gun; darting gun with harpoon § rel. kapusiun ILLUSTRATE!!!]

naulik- (t) to harpoon it=whale, seal, walrus; to spear it @ nauliksI- | -lik-2 vn

§ see pana(-)

naullaQ object harpooned, speared | ‘-Q4 vn

naullaġnaq small sea mollusk § see nagu-

naulayuq (Nu) least weasel (Mustela rixosa)

naulayuuraq (?Ti?) shrimp § also igliġaq

naumi (excl) no

naumiiññaq to give it a try even though one is pessimistic about the outcome | -Iññaq2 nn § rel. il,aiññaq

naumiqanuq (excl) I guess not | (interrog stem) qanuq

naumiunnii (excl) no, after all | (encl) unnii

naumipayuk una (excl) good work (said to someone considered unlikely to accomplish the task) | -payuk nn

nauŋ (excl) where

naukun (Nu) (interrog) by which way

nauŋmi (excl) where is it then | (loc) ÷mI nn

>nauralautsiaq nepotic who favors relatives of the opposite sex

nausaaq(-) omen or sign; a good luck sign; (i) to receive, experience an omen; (Nu) (i) to experience a good sign, omen § rel. sikkIk-1

nausaaġluk(-) bad sign or omen; (i) to have a bad sign or omen | +luk(-)1 nv, vv

nausaaġluksI- (Nu) (i) to receive, have a bad sign, omen | +luk(-)1 vn, nn +sI-1 vv

nausaapałłuk- (i) to receive a bad luck sign or ill omen | -pałłuk- vv

??nauvliññaq- § rel. il,aiññaq unnii

nauyaq seagull

nauyaaq, nauyyaaq young or baby seagull | ‘-aq6

nauyavak young glaucous gull; (Nu) western glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) | -vak1

nauyavasugruk glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) | -vak1 nn -sugruk(-) vv, nn

nauyatchiaq mew gull (Larus canus); herring gull (Larus argentatus) | -tchiaq4

nauyavvaaq herring gull (Larus argentatus) | -vvaaq nn

nauyyaaq enamelware, enamel on utensils; a painted dish, painted crockery, utensil | +yyaaq nn § rel. miŋŋulik

*nav (root) joint

navlu arm and knee joint | +lu(q)2 rn

navluqsimaaq- sits with knees bent with both feet on floor; sits on his knees | +lu(q)2 rn +simaaq- nv § rel. ikusiksimaaq-, kiapiksimaaq-, sitquqsimaaq-

navyaaġluksiñiQ joint swollen from old age | +yaaq2 rn +luk(-)1 vv, nn +sI-1 nv, vv +niQ vn

navyaaq bone joint | +yaaq2 rn

navyaaq- (i) to dislocate a joint | +yaaq-1 rv

navyaqtiq- (t) to dismember it at the joints | –yaaq-2 rv =tiq-2 vv

navyarriqi- to work on his/her/its joints | +yaaq-2 rv =rriqi- nv

navyarriqirI chiropractor | +yaaq-2 rv =rriqi- nv +t/rI3 vn

navia- (i) to fear to do something because of apparent danger involved

[Is navia- a root word also??? The phoneme analysis have rv after the postbases!!!]

naviagi- (t) to consider something too dangerous | +[g]i-1 rv

navianaq- (i) to be too dangerous | +naq- rv

navianniuq- (i) to be in danger; to fear, be afraid for one’s safety, welfare | -nniuq- rv

navik- to break (it) @ naviksI-

navgI- (i) to break one’s own (esp. body); to break another’s heart; (t) to break her/his personal possession, bones | :I-10 vv

navguluula- to break (it) simultaneously into many pieces | :uq-2 vv -luu- vv -la- vv

??navguluu- (i) break into pieces | :uq-2 vv -luu- vv

navguq- to break (it) into many pieces @ navguI- | :uq-2 vv

navvaQ broken thing or piece; a break, fracture | ‘-Q4 vn

navraaq artifact, something discovered while digging | perhaps -raaq(-)3 rn § also alġaaniqsaq see nivaaq under nivak- ant. sau-

nayak1 younger sister (of man) § rel. aqqaluk

nayaaluk younger sister (of boy) | -aluk nn

nayaaŋŋaq message of love, best regards, etc. | perhaps aŋŋa (dem adv abl) +aq-3 nv

nayagraq (Ti) half-sister | -ksraq(-)

nayak-2 (root)

nayaksaq- to move (him\her\it) in rhythm; to be jolted strongly; (t) to give her/him/it a strong jolt | -saq-3 vv

nayaksatit- (i) to be jerked, jolted (as by an explosion) | -saq-3 vv -tit-2 vv

nayaŋaq- (i) to nod drowsily | (aq- vv

nayaŋŋatit- (i) to bounce, be jolted, as when riding in a sled | ‘-k-2 vv -tit-2 vv

nayaŋŋak common scoter (Oidemia nigra)

nayuk- (t) to remove it=skin of seal without cutting the fur (usually the incision is made around the lips then the skin is pulled back turning the skin inside out) @ nayuksI- § see aak- DO MORE WORK ON THIS WORD

nayuq- (t) to stay with and care for her/him/it

nayulguIt- (t) to be unable to withstand her/his presence for even a short time; to find her/him intolerable | -lgu-1 vv :It-1 vv

nayuqtuakkaġIk- (i) to be a good place to stay for a while (usu since food is plentiful)

nayummak- (i) to lean on something for support | -mmak(-)1 nn, vv

nayummI- to lean on (her/him/it) for support; to hold (her/him/it) in place to keep (her/him/it) steady / umiamun nayummivl,uni makitaruq he is standing by leaning on the boat for support | +mmI-6 vv

nayuuti- (i) to stay; to remain | :uti-2 vv

niaqunak long tree root

niaquq head, skull

niaqqi- (i) to injure oneself on the head; (t) to injure her/him/it on the head | '=I-2 nv

niaqqiuġun or niaquliuġun large pot for cooking caribou head | ‘=Iuq- nv or -liuq- nv :un1 vn

niaqquaq- (i) to injure, hurt one’s head; (t) to injure, hurt her/his/its head | ‘-aq-3 nv § see kati-

niaqquk- (Ti) (i) to get the head share of whale (of last boat) | ‘-k-1 nv

niaquaq- (Ti) (i) to bump one’s head; (t) to bump his/her/its head on it | -aq-3 nv

niaquġiit- (i) to have a headache | -[g]IIt- nv

niaquġruaq old skull | -ġruaq1 nn

niaquġun crown, headband | -un1 nn

niaquġusIq- to put a crown or headband on (her/him/it) | -un1 nn ~Iq-1 nv

niaquIq- (i) to decapitate (her/him/it) | :Iq-2 nv

niaqula- (i) shake one’s head from side to side (at her/him/it) | -la- nv

niaqunŋu- (i) to have a headache | -nŋu- nv

niaquptaq or niaquptauraq (Nu) dome-shaped hill; shaped like top of head | -ptaq nn :uraq(-)1 nn

niaquqtuġruk, niaquqtuaġruk hawk owl (Surnia ulula) | +tu- nv -ġruk vn -aġruk vn

niaquun (Nu) band of beads worn around forehead § see niaquġun

nigaq(-) snare for large game animals; mesh of a net; (t) to snare, lasso her/him/it § rel. maksruksaq-

nigaqtuq- to use a snare in trapping (a large game animal); to use a lasso (to catch an animal, e.g., reindeer) | +tuq-3 nv

nigaqtuun lasso | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

nigatchialiaq- or niggiaq- (Nu) (i) to check on snares which have been set | -tchiaq3 nn or ‘=Iaq-4 nv

nigatchiaq snare for small game; rainbow | -tchiaq3 nn

nigatchiaqtuq- to use a snare in hunting (small game animal) | -tchiaq3 nn +tuq-3 nv

nigatchirrIq- to set a snare [do a phoneme analysis]

nigavraun reindeer lasso | -vrak- :un1 vn

niggIq- to set a snare (for it) | ‘=Iq-1 nv

niggiuti- (t) to set it as a snare | -uti-2 vv

nigaviQ haunch | +viQ2 n

nigavlu shoulder joint | +lu(q)2 n

nigayuq open water surrounded by ice | +yuq2 nn

nigiq east wind; (Ti) north wind; north; (Nu) northeast wind, northeast

niginmun (Ti) to the north | -nmun § rel. niġġum tuŋaanun

nigiqłuk blizzard from the east; to have a blizzard from the east; (Ti) north wind blizzard | -qłuk(-) nn, vv

nigiqpaq(-) east wind; to blow from east (of wind); (Ti) north; northeast wind; (Nu) north wind | -paq(-) nn

niġġum tuŋaaniñ from the direction of the east wind

niġġum tuŋaanun (Ti) toward the north § rel. niginmun

*nig (root) coolness ??

niglaq- to cool (it) | ~laq-2 nv

niglaumaaq(-) cool place; shady spot; cool breeze; (i) it is cool | -u-4 vv +ma- vv (aq4 vn

nigliñaq- (i) to be cool | ~lI-2 nv +naq- vv

nigliñaqtuaqaġvIk or (Nu) nigliñaqaġvIk refrigerator | ~lI-2 nv +naq- vv +t/ruaq (part 3s) -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn § rel. nigliqpIk

nigliññaaġIk- to be cool (of weather) | ~laq- nv ‘=It-3 vv +naaq-2 vn +[g]Ik- nv

nigliqpIk (Nu) freezer; cold storage | -qpIk nn § see nigliñaqaġvik, nigliñaqtuaqaġvIk

niglisaaq- (t) to blow on it to cool it | ~lI-2 nv +saaq-2 vv

niglIt- to add snow, ice or cold water to cool (it) | -lIt- vv

nigrat hanging strips of fur or material on clothing

nigruaġruk small spider | -aġruk nn § also aasivak, akłauraq

niguq- to leave (it=job, work) because of dissatisfaction

niguuti- (i) to remove oneself from another’s presence | -uti-2 vv

niguyaq(-) sunburn; ringworm; (i) to get a sunburn; to get a ringworm

niguyaqtuq- (i) to be infected by ringworms | +tuq-3 nv

nigvigi- (t) to be in line with her/him/it vertically / nigvigimmani qayaŋata sivuġaanun mitchuq when his kayak was positioned directly below, he landed on the bow | +[g]i-1 vv

nigvIk mesentery (membrane holding intestines in place) | -vIk2 nn

niġI- to eat (it) § rel. niqi

niġġiġl,uk-, niġġiqł,uk- (i) to contract food poisoning | ‘-ġluk- vv ‘-qłuk- vv

niġġiññail,ik- (i) to die from overeating after almost starving | [DO PHONEME ANALYSIS]

niġġIQ meat that has been gnawed | ‘-Q4 vn

niġġisi- (t) to treat her/him with a meal | ‘-ti-2 vv

niġġivIk table; restaurant | ‘-vIk1 vn

niġil,ik- (i) to choke on something | perhaps -lik-2 vv

niġil,iktaaq (Nu) uvula | -liktaaq vn § also uqalauraq

niġil,iq- to eat (it) quickly | -liq-2 vv

niġiñiutit kitchen utensils | +niun vn –t (pl mkr)

niġipkaq- (t) to feed her/him/it @ niġipkaI- | -pkaq-1 vv

niġisuk- to want to eat (it) (Nu) to be hungry | +suk-3 vv

niġisuksiunġIq- (i) to have an abundance of food after near starvation | +suk-3 vv +siu- vv -nġIq- vv

niġiyaqtuq- to go and eat (it) | +yaqtuq- vv

niġiyaqtuuti- (t) to take her/him to eat | +yaqtuq- vv :uti-2 vv

niġiuk- (i) to expect and hope for something

niġiugi- (t) to anticipate, expect her/him/it to appear or occur | +[g]i-1 vv

niġiuksruq- (t) to encourage her/him; to raise her/his expectations @ niġiuksruI- | -qsruq-2 vv

niġlaaksralik (Nu) young sheep not quite fully grown (about five years) § also ullutiksralik under ullun

niġliQ general term for goose (female) or gander (male)

NiġlaalgIt Tiŋŋiviat September

niġlaalik goose with young | -aq6 nn –lik1 nn

niġlaaq gosling (young goose) | -aq6 nn

niġlinġaq black brant (Branta nigricans) | -nġaq2 nn

niġlivIk, niġlivialuk white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) | -vIk2 nn -aluk nn § also ulluk rel. iqsraġutilik, mitilugruaq

niġluq- (i) to throw one’s head back; to throw a tantrum (of a child); (t) to sever its head at the first vertebra @ niġluI-

niġrun large animal

niġrułłuk legendary water animal; dinosaur | -łuk1 nn

niġrutiġuġaaq human who can turn into an animal | +[ġ]uq-1 nv +aq-1 vv (aq4 vn

niġrutiġuq- (i) to become an animal | +[ġ]uq-1 nv

*niġu1 (root) graspable

niġumiaq- to carry (it) by the handle (as a pail or suitcase); (t) to carry her/him/it using one’s arms | +miaq(-) vv,vn § see tigumiaq- CHECK ON PHONEME ANALYSIS ON NIUÅMIAQ- AND NIUÅMIUTAQ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!]

niġumiutaq or niġumiaġvIk handle (as on a pail or suitcase) | -miutaq or +miaq(-) vv,vn +vIk1 vn

niġumIk- or niġummaak- (i) to be lukewarm; to be smooth and soft (as fur) | -mIk-2 rv or -mmaak- vv

*niġu2 (root) wideness

niġukIt- (i) to be narrow in width | -kIt- rv

niġuttuq- (i) to be wider and more spacious; (t) to make it wider and more spacious | -ttuq- vv

niġutu- (i) to be wide (clothing size) | -tu- nv § rel. sil,ik-

niġukkaq rumen (of caribou and other ruminants) § rel. aqiaġuuraq

niġukkalik ruminant mammal | -lik1 nn

niinaaq accordion

>niiñigaq- to move a little from one’s place while sitting or lying

nika- (i) to avoid eye contact with others; to be still, silent, and a non-participant due to one’s embarrassment, lack of confidence, or fear of authority

nikagi- to feel (she/he/it) is incapable of accomplishing something \ nikagiruq ilimiñik he thinks he is not good enough; savaani nikagigaa he thinks his work is not good enough | +[g]i-1 rv

nikagilIq- (t) to realize that she/he/it is not capable of doing a task; (i) to lose one’s confidence in doing a task | +[g]i- rv -lIq-3 vv

nikaIt- (i) to be determined; keep trying against odds; persevere; be persistent | :It-1 nv

nikanaIt- (i) to be dependable; to be feasible; easy to catch (of game animal); (Nu) be a good fit (of clothes); (Ti) to be done well; acceptable | +naIt- vv

nikanaq- (i) to be incapable of accomplishing a task (in the opinion of the speaker); to be discouraging; to be hard to do; to be hard to catch (of animal); (Nu) be ill-fitting (of clothing) | +naq- vv

nikanniuq- (i) to be reluctant in presenting something because one presumes the recipient will refuse it; having difficulty persuading a person to submit to one’s request; to conclude that one’s product is of poor quality | -nnIuq- vv

nikasugi- to not trust someone’s ability, doubt someone’s ability § also nikagi- [DO A PHONEME ANALYSIS ON NIKASUGI-]

nikasuk- (i) to be uncertain; (Nu) to quit, give up | -suk-3 rv § rel. qapiq-

nikasuŋIt- (i) to be certain | -suk-3 rv (ŋIt- vv

nikasunġIq- (i) to become definite, bold (in one’s mind); (t) to persuade her/him to become definite, bold (in her/his mind) | -suk-3 rv +nġIq- vv

nikatchaI- (t) to cause her/him to give up, quit or become discouraged | -tchak- vv -I-9 vv

nikatchak- (i) to give up, quit, or become discouraged | -tchak- vv

nikatchauti- (t) to give up on her/him/it | -tchak- vv :uti-2 vv

*niki (root) unevenness

nikit- (i) to have been made uneven | -t-2 vv

nikiŋa- (i) to be shorted on one side; to be uneven in size or length | (ŋa- vv

nikisiŋa- (i) to not match in length, be out of line / nikisiŋaruq manna sipaq this zipper is uneven | +sI- vv

nikisit- (t) to make it uneven, with one side shorter than the other; (i) to move and thus become visible, having been camouflaged by surroundings | +sI-1 vv +t-1 vv

nikisitaq- (i) to be uneven, not be in a perfect parallel; (t) to bend it | +sI-1 vv +t-1 vv perhaps +aq-1 vv

nikisitaun saw-setting tool | +sI-1 vv +t-1 vv +aq-1 vv :un1 vn

nikivġautaq (Ti) a small three-legged stool used by hunter waiting for seal to emerge through its breathing hole | -vġautaq rn § see nikuvġautaq

nikpaq- to wait expectantly for (her/him/it) to appear (e.g. of a hunter waiting for a seal to appear through its breathing hole) | ~paq- v???

nikpauraaq- to wait expectantly and calmly for (her/him/it) to appear | ~paq-? -uraaq- vv

nikparrIq- (i) to keep vigil for game, someone’s arrival, etc. | ? -rrIq- vv

niksaak- (i) to burp § also qalak-

niksaaktuŋIq rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) | +tuŋiq vn

niksIk(-) fishhook or lure; a device to hook something with; to hook (it)

niksigaI- (i) to hook things on for someone to pull up or drag | +aq-1 vv -I-11 vv

niksigak large hooked tongs for carrying blocks of ice | +[ġ]aq1 vn –k (dual mkr)

niksigaq(-) hook with a handle for carrying meat; to hook (it) with a grapple | +[ġ]aq1 vn +aq-1 vv

niksigauraq(-) hook with a handle for carrying meat; crochet hook; (t) to put a hook through it=usu a large piece of meat to carry it; to crochet it | +[ġ]aq1 vn :uraq nn

niksikpak sled anchor | +qpak nn also akikaun under aki

niksiksuq- (i) to fish using a fishhook or lure; (t) to try to retrieve it using a hook / niksiksuqqaałutiŋ iqalugnun iñuich aiyaarut after fishing for the fish, the people went home | +tuq-3 vv

niksiksuun fishing pole | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

>niksiutaq (Ti) head of whale received as a share | perhaps :utaq1 vn

nikuappak- or nikuppak- (t) to raise it=lamp flame | +ppak- rv § rel. ikuappak-

*niku- (root) squatting

nikuvit- (i) to sit on a stool waiting for a seal to emerge | -vit- rv

nikuvġaq- (i) to squat down on a stool | -vit- rv +[ġ]aq-6 vv ?

nikuvġautaq or nikuvġautat, (Ti) nikivġautaq small three-legged stool used by hunter waiting for seal to emerge through its breathing hole | -vġautaq rn –t (pl mkr)

nikuvlalaaq(-) (Ti) corn snow, good for drinking water; (i) to be good, as frozen meat that has been frozen then thawed, then frozen again, and it has ice crystals | +laaq3 nn

nikuvraaq- or nikuvrak- to stand on tip toe

nilaptaaq floating bog

niliq(-) flatus = escaping air from poke or float; (i) to fart

niliġnaq (Ti) bean | +naq vn § also kumauraq under kumak § rel. saviqquuraq

niliqpak spade, at cards

nillaq- (i) to fart repeatedly | ‘-q-1 vv

nilit- (i) to deflate (it=air); to cause (it=water level) to lower; to reduce (it=swelling

or swollen part) | -t-2 nv

nil,ak layer of granular snow found under another layer (can be melted for potable water); moist crushed ice § syn pukak

nimiq- or nimiqsruq- (t) to wrap it with something; to wind something around it @ nimiqsruI- | -qsruq-2 vv

nimaaq- (t) to wrap, bandage it completely | -aq-1 vv

nimiġiaq arctic lamprey (Lampetra japonica), water worm; eel; snake; serpent | +iaq2 vn

nimiġirriqi- (i) to work with snakes | +iaq2 vn =rriqi- nv

nimiġutit shroud; skins for wrapping a corpse for burial | :un1 vn –t (pl mkr)

nimmaaq- (t) to wrap it | ‘-aq-1 vv

nimmaqi- (t) to wrap something around it | ‘-qi- vv

nimit- (t) to exclude, pass over someone when distributing something @ nimitchI- § also minit-

ninŋu- or (Ti) ninŋuq- (i) to be hard to break or pull apart; to be flexible, resilient

ninŋuIt- (i) to break, pull apart easily | :It-1 vv

ninŋuq cottonwood tree / >[ETA] ninŋut aqisuurat tamatkua palliksraliqpaguuruat niunik ? cottonwood are those that are soft and get layer after layer of `niu’???

niŋaq- (i) to pout, sulk, show unhappiness by being silent or sullen; (Ti) (t) to beat one’s wife § rel. nika-

niŋau brother-in-law (sister’s husband, not spouse’s brother); son-in-law § see ukuaq, sakiġaq

niŋaugiik kinship term for father-in-law and son-in-law, and between mother-in-law and son-in-law ??? consanguine and male-in-law | +[g]IIk(-) nn, nv § see sakiġaq and niŋau

niŋaukkIt- (i) to become a member of wife’s family | perhaps -kkIt- nv

niŋi- (i) to descend gradually, as lowering by a rope; to slide down (of socks, eyeglasses, etc.)

niŋit- (t) to lower her/him/it @ niŋitchi- | -t-1 vv +sI-3 vv

niŋitchI- (i) to set out a fish or seal net | -t-1 vv +sI-3 vv

niŋiyaitkun garter belt; anything used to hold something up | -ya-1 vv :It-1 vv +kun vn

niŋIq(-) a share; (i) to get a share of the catch in a hunt; to receive a dividend check (from a corporation)

niŋiqpak long spear with bone or flint head, used for bear (base can be planted in ground and bear is impaled when it attacks) | +qpak(-) nn

niŋitaq (Nu) snare, trap [does this snare or trap have stakes which impale the animals it snares or traps???]

nipi- (i) to set (of sun or moon) § rel nagu-

NippivIk month of November [lit. “when the sun sets”] | ‘- vIk1 vn § rel. SullivIk, NuliaġvIk

nipi voice, sound

nipaala- (i) to scream, holler, make a lot of noise | -t-2 nv -ala- vv

nipaił,uksI- (i) to be silent because of torment due to pain or abuse | :It-1 nv -luk-3 vv +sI-1 vv

nipaił,uktaq short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) | :It-1 nv -luk-3 vv +taq7 vn

nipaIq- (i) to become quiet, silent | :Iq-2 nv

nipaisaaq- (i) to play quietly, be engaged in a quiet activity; to be silent | :Iq-2 nv -saaq- vv

nipaIt- (i) to be quiet | :It-1 nv

nipakłi- (i) to become quieter, less noisy | -t-2 nv -kłI-1 vv

nipat- (i) to make a sound | -t-2 nv

nipatu- (i) to be noisy, loud | -tu- nv

nipatugi- (t) to find her/him/it too loud | -tu-1 nv ([g]i-3 vv

nipauqłuktaun trumpet | -t-2 nv -u-4 vv -qłuk(-) vv +t/raq- vv :un1 vn

nipigi- (Nu) (t) to speak to her/him | +[g]i-1 nv

nivlia- (i) to cry out feebly, mutter | ~lIq-1 nv -a-2 vv

nivliñiġluk- (i) to utter a harsh sound | ~lIq-1 nv -niġluk- vv

nivlIq- (i) to utter a sound, express oneself audibly, make a vocal noise, speak | ~lIq-1 nv

nivliraq- (i) to make vocal noise repeatedly | ~lIq-1 nv -raq-4 nv

nivruiġuti- (i) to become quiet | ~ruk3 vn :Iq-2 nv -uti-2vv

nivruiġutiuraq- (i) to become completely quiet | ~ruk3 vn :Iq-2 nv -uti-2vv

-uraq-2 nv

nipit- (i) to stick to something

nipitaq- (i) to mate, copulate (of animals); (t) to be stuck on it=female animal when mating | -taq-1 vv ??

nipitchaq octopus | -tchaq2 nn

nipitchaun, nipinnaq magnet | +saq-3 vv :un1 vn; -nnaq vn

nipitchIt- (Nu) (i) to become stuck to any type of adhesive | +saq-3 vv ‘=It-3 vv

nipitit- (i) to be sealed (of a letter); (t) to make it stick

nipititaq- to solder (it)

nipititchII- to scorch (it=food) while cooking, so that it sticks to the bottom of the pot | (tit-1 vv +[t]sII- vv

nipitqanaq- (Ti) (i) to be sticky | ? -qanaq- vv

nipitqIq- (i) to be sticky

nipirrun glue, paste | -run1 vn

nipri (Nu) a camouflage; a blind for hunters (e.g. willow, ice ridge) § also nivri

nipta- (i) to be clear (of weather)

niptail,aq fog, haze | :Il,aq(-) vn § rel. taktuk(-)

niptaIq- (i) to become foggy, hazy (of weather); >(t) to become clear (of weather); (i) to become visible | :Iq-2 vv

niptaIt- (i) to be foggy (of weather) | :It-1 vv

niptaq- to become clear (of weather); (i) to become visible, come into view | +q-7 vv

nipuq- (i) to disregard caution

nipuŋa- (i) to not pay attention | (ŋa- vv

nipuŋaIt- (i) to be observant, attentive | (ŋa- vv :It- vn

nipuŋannaq- (t) to appear to her/him/it unexpectedly; to surprise her/him/it | (ŋa- vv -nnaq-2 vv

nipuŋannaqtail,I- (i) to be alert | (ŋa- vv -nnaq-2 vv perhaps +[t]sail,i- vv

niqi food, meat

niqaaq plant stem; lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) | -aq6 nn

niqaisuq- to go and get some meat, food | :isuq- nv

niqaŋŋiu- (i) to be stingy with food | -ŋŋiu- nv

niqausI- to cache food (for her/him/it) | :un1 nn ~I-1 nv

niqautit lemming’s underground cache of food | -t (pl mkr) § rel. sunakkI-, ikak-?

niqiksramaaq- (Nu) (i) to take the best food, select the fattest, best meat | -ksraq(-)1 nv -maaq-2 nv

niqiksraq (-) potential food; to procure food (for him/her/it)

niqiksriuq- (i) to prepare food | -ksraq(-)1 nv, nn ‘=Iuq-1 nv

niqiku- to have food remaining (for her/him/it) | -ku- nv

niqikuvIk food storage area | -ku- nv +vIk1 vn

niqinaqi- (i) to have a feast | -naqi- nv

niqinaqun food for a feast | -naqi- vv ‘n1 vn

niqinŋu- (i) to be full from eating | -nŋu-1 nv § rel. aqiattuq-, naaq-, naaqsunŋu-

niqinŋuq- (i) to become from eating | +nŋuq- nv

niqipiaq meat | -piaq(-)2 nn

niqisiun or niqłiuġun (Nu) an ingredient | -siun nn or -liuq- nv :un1 vn

niqitu- (i) to be meaty, fleshy | -tu- nv

niqivIk hindquarter of an animal | -vIk2 nn § see ukpan, kuutchiŋaak under kuutchIQ

>niqłiñġu- (i) to be unwilling to share food | ~liñġu- nv

niqłiqi- (i) to work with meat; to serve food during feast | ~liqi- nv

niqłiqsuq- to set food (for her/him) to eat | ~lIq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

niqłiuġun cooking pot | ~liuq- nv :un1 vn § also utkusik, see niqisiun under niqi

niqłiuq- (i) to cook meat | ~liuq- nv § rel. kukiu- under kukIk-2

niqpIk boneless meat (game or fish) | ~pIk2 nn

niqqak- (i) to gain weight, get fat; to cache game animal, process game; (Ti) to get a share of a polar bear someone else has killed | ‘-k-2 nv

niqqaqtu- (i) to be meaty (of animal) | ‘-k-2 nv -qtu- vv

niqsaq(-) sea mammal or animal which lives on sea ice; (Ti) game animal (land or sea); (i) to catch game | perhaps +saq-1 nv § see aŋŋun under aŋu-

niqsaqtaq game animal caught for food | +saq-1 nv +t/raq4 vn

niqsayuq- (i) to be a good hunter, good provider of game food | +saq-1 nv -yuq-1 vv

niu leg

niugallak cripple | -gallak nn ?

niuggaaq- to break (her/his/its) leg | -ggaaq- nv

niuliñġaq leg sinew of caribou or moose (remove the sinew from caribou leg with a long stick; loop the sinew over and over around the stick until all the sinew is out without breaking it; then scrape the sinew clean, then flatten it on cardboard to dry to be used as thread) | -liñġaq [see -liñ] § rel. uliun niuliraġauraq leg sinew ?

niulu root of tooth; leg of furniture | +lu1 nn

niululI- (i) to grow wrong so as to protrude through the gums (of root of a tooth) | +lu1 nn -lI-1 nv

niutchiaq (Nu) summer caribou leg skin | -[t]chiaq(-)1 nn

niugaq- to clean (it=animal skin) by rubbing on snow

nigu- (i) to get out of a conveyance or a container; (t) to take her/him/it out of a conveyance or a container

niggun ramp to get out of a boat

niurI- to unload (it) | perhaps +rI-6 vv

niuġaun poke containing strips of fermented walrus skin and blubber

niulġIq dragonfly | lġIq nn ?

*niuQ (root) ingestion

niuġmIk- or (Ti) niuqsik- (i) to sniffle; (t) to sniff her/him/it | +mIk-1 rv or +sik-3 rv

niuġmigaq- or (Ti) niuqsigaq- (i) to sniffle repeatedly | +mIk-1 rv +aq-1 vv

niuqqaq(-) refreshing drink, hot beverage; to drink, sip (it=hot or cold beverage) | +qaq2 rn § rel. yuuqqaq(-), imiQ(-)

niuqqiun or niuqqiuġun tea kettle | +qaq2 rn ‘=Iuq- nv ‘-n1 vn

niuqsI- (i) to take a sip | +sI-5 rv § also imiQ-, rel. uuk, iguk-

niuqsriktuq- or (Ti) niuġriktuq- (i) to take a pinch of snuff through nostrils | +tuq-3 nv

niuqsriktuun or (Ti) niuġriktuun snuff | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

niuqsriktuusi- (Nu) (i) to grind up chewing tobacco | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn ~I-1 nv

niuqtuq- to drill (it)

niuqtuun portable or motor drill; auger; oil rig | :un1 vn

niutaq curved log used to attach the frame on both the stern and the bow of the skin boat | perhaps ~taq7 n

niutaksraq raw material for a niutaq, usually a tree stump § rel. mumiġnaq

niutuiyIq lynx (Lynx canadensis)

niuvaala (Nu) sod house with peaked roof

niuviq(-) trading partner; to trade, barter, buy, redeem, ransom (it)

niuvġutigi- (t) to sell or trade it | :un1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

niuviġiik trading partners; co-marriage between partners | +[g]IIk(-) vn

nivak- to dig (it)

nivaaq that which has been dug out | (aq4 vn

nivviaq water well; dry well | ‘=iaq4 vn

nivguq fish slime § also yuvguq

nivI(-)1 ???place where animals and insects gather???; to be attracted (to it=bait or food for game animal); to flock around, hover over (her/him/it) [of birds, mosquitoes, bees, etc.]; (t) to cling, adhere to her/him/it (of dust, feathers, particles, etc.) / nivigaat they are coming to his bait § rel. nivI2, puturaq-

niviaġruk small swamp fly | -aġruk nn § rel. milugiatchiaq

nivigaq- to hover, linger, stand around (her/him/it); (t) to scrutinize her/him/it from all sides | -gaq-1 v

nivil,uk(-) wet snow; (i) to be unkempt, slovenly (of a person); to be damp, slushy (of snowy and rainy weather) | -luk(-)4 vn vv § rel. piqsIq(-), misulik(-)

niviŋa- (i) to be hanging | (ŋa- vv

niviŋalutaq something hanging from a garment (e.g. thread) | (ŋa- vv +lutaq vn §rel. nigrat

niviŋŋaaq- (t) to hang themp up one by one in a cluster

niviŋŋaq- to hang (it); (Ti) (i) to be barely hanging, about to fall off | -ŋŋaq- nv

niviŋŋaqun seal net set straight down through a crack on the ice | -ŋŋaq- nv -qun vn

niviŋŋaun hanger; hook; strap for hanging | -ŋŋaq- nv :un1 vn

niviŋŋautaq rope or hook used to suspend something | -ŋŋaq- nv -utaq1 vn

nivirat fish gathered together and frozen

nivitchIq- (i) to set (of bait); (t) to wait for it to come to bait | +[t]sIq- vv

niviuq- to hover (over her/him/it); to hang around, be near, and being attentive to (her/him/it); (Ti) to stick to the pot (of food) / niviuqtuq raaliaġa or niviuġaa raaliaġa the rice that I am cooking is sticking to the pot | :uq-2 vv

niviuvak (Ti) big housefly | :uq-2 vv -vak1 nn § also nuviuvak

nivviġiksI- to become wet enough to stick together (of snow) | ‘-Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv +sI-1

nivi2 lemmings’ cache of edible roots or stems of plants § see masu

niviaqsiaq young woman of marriageable age [NOTE! Maybe the base word is nivi- jmn]

niviaqsiaġruk girl (before puberty) | -ġruk nn

niviaqsialugruaq teenage girl | -lugruaq nn

niviaqsiġaq young unmarried woman, girl | perhaps +[ġ]aq3 n

niviq- (i) to shift position to lie on one’s back; (t) to turn it upside down; expose its underside @ niviqsI- § see mumik-

nivġala- (i) to lie on one’s back moving arms and legs | perhaps :ala- rv

nivġallak- (i) to land on one’s back; (t) to set her/him/it in a horizontal position | -allak- vv

niviġiaq- (Ti) (i) to fall backward | +iaq-5 vv § also tunuil,l,ak- § rel. qayuił,ł,ak-

niviqsimaaq- (i) to lie with hands behind the head, propped; to sit with chair poised back | +simaaq- vv

niviqtit- (t) to turn it on its back | -+tit-1 vv

nivvaktaq- (i) to fall backward, fall flat on one’s back | -ktaq- vv

nivri a camouflage; a blind for hunters § also nipri

nivviaq water well; dry well | ‘=iaq4 vn § under nivak-

nuaġaaluk niece or nephew of a woman | -aluk nn § rel. uyuġu

nuġġaq calf (less than one year old)

nuġġaaġruk calf during first winter | -aġruk nn

nuġġaaq newborn fawn | -aq6 nn

nuġġaatchiaq calf during second winter | -aq6 nn -tchiaq(-) nn, nv

nuġġail,ak childless couple [?] | :Il,aq nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

nuġġail,aq cow without a calf | :Il,aq nn

nuġġaiyaaq newborn calf | -iyaaq nn

nuġġauraq fawn | -uraq1 nn

nuġġayuaq skin of newborn fawn | -yuaq2 nn

nuġġayuat parka of skin of newborn fawn | -yuaq2 nn –t (pl mkr)

nuġġiġvIk medicine for when one’s insides do not feel right???

nuġlu buckle; knot at end of rope; (Ti) heavy rope used for anchoring a pulley on ice, by looping the rope on an anchor made by tunneling between two holes about five feet apart / nuġluliqutigigaich igalaam avataaniittuak qirruk nuġluqaqtuak, aglunaanik paniqsiiviik they call those nuġlu the ones on either side of the sky-light, the two pieces of wood with nuġlu, the ones they use to dry the ropes (Asatchaq=Jimmy Kil,l,igvak) | +lu(Q)2 nn

[Need lot of work on NUåLU. Should this be nuåluq because of the next word,nuåluun??? Also find out the real definition of nuålu and also the example.]

nugi- (i) to come into view, appear; to rise (of sun, moon); (t) to be able to see, observe her/him/it; (Ti) to look outside, e.g. to see if someone/something is coming / nuggisitchi youp come into view!

nuggisi- (t) to come into view, appear with her/him/it; (Ti) to look outside with her/him | ‘-ti-2 vv

nuik- or nuil,atu- (i) to have a large neck opening (of garment) | ‘-k-2 vv -lak2 vn -tu- nv

nuil,ak neck opening of garment; opening in harness for dog’s head | -l,ak2 vn

nuil,akIt- (i) to have a small neck opening (of garment) | -llak2 vn -kIt- nv

nuil,l,ak- (i) to step out and check surroundings for game or weather | -llak-3 vv

nuima- (i) to project; to stand out | -ma-1 vv

nuisa- (i) to be visible | -sa- vv

nuiyaaqpak carbuncle, large growth on skin | -yaaq2 vn +qpak(-) nn

nuiq- (root)

nuiqsaq- (i) to throw a bird dart | +saq- vv

Nuiqsat Nuiqsut, Alaska

nuiyaaqpak(-) fish spear; leister; bird dart; (t) to hit it with a bird dart | -yaaq2 vn ‘qpak(-) nn

*nuk (root) movement from point to point

nuksI- (i) to move part of something into another container; (Ti) to pour something into a container (for her/him/it) | +sI-5 rv

nuktaq- (i) to move from place to place; (t) to move her/him/it from place to place | -ktaq- vv

nuktiq- to move (her/him/it) to another dwelling | +tiq-2 vv

nuurruti- (t) to move with her/him/it | -run-2 vv

nuut- to move (her/him/it) / isiġviñi nuutkaa atigitchiamiñun she moved her parka ruff to her new parka | -ut-3 vv ?

nuutaaq- to move (her/him/it) a little; (i) to move closer to someone or something | -taaq- vv § rel. piiqsaaq-

nuka(q) or nukatchiaq or nukaaluk younger sibling | -tchiaq nn or -aluk nn § rel. aqqaluk, qataŋun

nukaalugIIk(-) siblings (two but not twins) | -aluk nn +[g]IIk(-) nn, nv

nukaġaq (Nu) second wife (concurrent) | +[g]aq3 nn § rel. nuliaq under nulik-

nukaġIIt siblings | +[g]IIt nn § rel. aŋayunġuq

nukaksraq half -brother or -sister | -ksraq(-)1 nn

nukaqłIQ youngest sibling | +lIQ4 nn

nukarak second wife | rak3 nn § rel. nukaġaq

nukatagaaluk bull, nearly full grown | +tagaq nn -aluk nn

nukatagaġruaq large bull, just matured | +tagaq nn -ġruaq1 nn

nukatagaq young bull of hoofed animals (not full-grown) | +tagaq nn???

nukatagauraq young bull, two or three years old | :uraq(-)1 nn

nukatpiaġruk boy (before puberty) | -tpiaq nn, -ġruk nn

nukatpialugruaq young boy in his teens |

nukatpiaq or nukatpil,uk young man of marriageable age; gander | perhaps piaq3 nn

Nukatpiat Itchaviat July [lit. moulting time of ganders] § rel. isa(-)

nukatpiġauraq or nukatpil,uk young man in his late teens or early twenties

nukaunġuq spouse’s younger sibling’s spouse | -nġuq nn

nukavluq (Nu) large bull walrus | -vluq nn

nukaisiġaq or nukasiġaq great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)

nuki- (i) to crack, fracture, split

nukkaQ a crack, fracture, split | ‘-Q4 vn

nukłuq- (i) to crackle when put into water (of ice)

nukIk muscle; ligament; strength / nukiŋi piiyaġai she is taking its ligaments out

nukigIq- (i) to become unable to move | :Iq-2 nv

nukigl,uk- (i) to be strong, muscular | +luk- § see saŋŋi-

nukiġuq nerve | -ġuq2 nn

nukiñik- (i) to recover from an illness | -nik-1 nv

nukivraak- (i) to be standing on tiptoe | -vrak- nv -ak-1 vv

nukivrak- (i) to stand on tiptoe | -vrak- nv

nukivrigaq- (i) to walk on tiptoe | -vrik- nv +aq-1 vv

nukivġautat a stool used to reach for something high

nukłuġaq- (Nu) (i) to bob up and down in the water (of log on end in water; of person going above and below surface of water); (t) to bob up and down in her/his sight | +aq-1 vv

nukusiġaq (Nu) horned owl (Bubo virginianus) § see nukaisiġaq

nukuutchiqiq belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon)

>nulIk- to copulate with (her/him); to mate (usually of animals)

nuliaġluaqtaq man who is rejected for marriage; (Nu) man who does want to marry; a woman whom men do not want to marry | (aq4 vn -luaq-3 nv +taq7 vn

nuliaġiaq- (i) to go and get a wife; (Ti) (i) to pursue the uyalu (man dressed as a woman) for a wife as part of qakummisaaq celebration | (aq4 nv +iaq-1 nv

nuliaġiik married couple mismatched pair of things | (aq4 vn +[g]iik nn

nuliaġiitchiak newlyweds | (aq4 vn +[g]iik -k (dual mkr) nn -tchiaq nn

nuliaġniQ bull caribou in rut | (aq4 vn +niQ1 nn

NuliaġvIk October [lit. `caribou breeding time’] | (aq4 vn +vIk nn § rel. Tatqitchiaq

nuliaksraun or nuliaksraq bride-to-be | (aq4 vn -ksraq(-)1 nn -un nn

nuliaq(-) wife; female mate (for animal); to marry (her); (i) to take a wife | (aq4 vn § rel. tuvaaqan, nukaġaq

nuliaqan co-husband | (aq4 vn (qan vn

nuliaqatigiik co-husbands | (aq4 vn (qan vn +[g]iik nn

nuliaqpak first wife, head wife | (aq4 vn +qpak1 nn

nuliatqiun second wife | (aq4 vn -tqIk- vv :un1 vn

nuliiġñiQ or (Ti) nuliil,gaġniq widower | =Iq-2 nv +niQ1 vn § rel. uil,gaġniq under uI1

nuliil,gasuk, >nuliiygasuk bachelor, unmarried man | -lgasuk nn § rel. uil,uaqtaq, uil,gaq

nuliiq- (i) to lose one’s wife, to be widowed; (t) to take, steal his wife | :Iq-2 =Iq- vv

nuliiraġiik co-spouse relationship, involved couples who had sexual intercourse outside the context of residential affiliation | (aq-4 +raq1 vn +[g]iik nn

nuliiraq non-residential wife | (aq-4 +raq1 vn

nuliuraq girlfriend (of man) | (aq4 vn =uraq nn

nulliġiit people related through their children’s marriage | (aq4 vn =lIq6 nn +[g]iik nn -t (pl mkr)

nulliġiik(-) co-parents-in-law; (i) to be co-parents-in-law | (aq4 vn =lIq6 nn +[g]iik nn

nullIq(-) parent of one’s son-in-law or daughter-in-law; (i) to pursue a bitch (of a dog) | =lIq6 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

nullaq- (i) to set up camp for the night; to stay at a hotel

nullaaqtuq- (i) to camp, make camp | -aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv

Nullaġiuraq (name of a river) § see Satqagruaq

NullaġvIk (place name) Skull Cliff located between Peard Bay and Barrow, Alaska | +vIk1 vn

nullaġvIk a place to camp for the night; hotel | +vIk1 vn

nullautaq evening meal | -utaq1 vn

nullautchiġaaq- (i) to eat before retiring for the night | -utaq1 vn ‘=Iq1 vv +aaq(-)1 vv

nullautchIq- (i) to eat an evening meal | -utaq1 vn ‘=Iq1 vv

*nuluq1 (root) hand waving

nuluġaq- to gesture (to her/him/it), waving one’s arms to get attention | +[ġ]aq-7 vv

nuluqtuallak- (Nu) to wave with the hand (at her/him) | +tuallak (is there a sense that the person has been waving for a long time, or he waved just once)

nuluq2(-) buttock, back of the thigh under the buttocks; fine webbing (usually baleen strips) for snowshoes or ice scoop; (i) to put (baleen) strips in frame of ice scoop (mitiŋiun) § rel. quniguq

nulluaq- (i) to fall and hurt one’s buttocks; to break fine netting of snowshoes or ice scoop | ‘-aq-3 nv

nuluksraq (Nu) caribou-skin thong for snowshoe webbing | -ksraq(-)1 nn, nv

nuluun (Nu) bone needle used with caribou-skin thong to weave snowshoe webbing | :un1 vn

nuna land, earth; inland

nunaaqqIq village, town | ? -qqIq nn

nunagluk- (i) to be rocky land [lit. “bad land”] | ? -gluk- nv

nunalIt- or nunnIt- (i) to reach land | -lIt- nv ‘=It-3 nv

nunamiut inland dwellers | (miu nn -t (pl mkr)

nunasiraq- (i) to travel on snowless tundra | -siraq- nv

nunat(-) a place with people; (t) to cache it=usually caribou meat in a hole dug in ground and covered with sod @ nunatchI- | -t-2 nv

Nunataaġmiu person who used to live on the east side of the river from Noatak, Alaska.???

nunataq- (i) to fetch sod | +taq-5 nv

nunataq meat (usu caribou) cached in a hole and covered with sod | -t-2 nv (aq4 nn

nunataqaġvIk cache where food is buried in ground | -t-2 nv (aq4 nn -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

nunauraq map | :uraq1 nn

nunauruat nation of people | :u-2 nv +t/ruaq (part.) -t (pl mkr)

nunavaIt herd of walrus on ice [are they called thus because they resemble land from a distance?] | -vak1 nn :It (pl mkr)

nunavIk rolling tundra | -vIk2 nn

nunavviaq- (i) to go after a herd of walrus on ice or land, in hunting | -vak1 nn ‘-Iaq-4 nv

nunnI- to plot and claim land (for her/him/it) | ‘=I-13 nv

nunniqi- (i) to be surveyoring | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

nunniqirI surveyor | ‘=Iqi-1 nv +t/rI3 vn

nunniqun plow; surveyor’s transit | ‘=Iqi-1 nv -un3

nunnIt- or nunalIt- (i) to reach land | ‘=It-3 nv

>nunaġi- (Nu) (t) to protect, watch over her/him/it | +[g]i-1 rv § see munaġi-

>nunaŋiak(-) alder; (t) to dye it with the red dye obtained from alder @ nunaŋiaksI-

Nunaŋniak [ETA:NSISA] ikuutiliuġaġigait aġnanun qaaluiyaqługit amiiqqaaqługit. Nauŋaiqamik taimma suaŋasiraqtut kaviġñiŋat

nuniaq- (t) to express affection to her/him/it=child or animal § see qunu-

nuniaġun cooing sound made to express affection to someone dear (usu a child) | +un1 vn

nunu- (i) to repress a desire to do something

>nunuI- to choke, throttle (her/him/it) | -I-9 vv

nunummI- (i) to refrain a desire to do something; (t) to endure annoyance from her/him/it | -mmI-6 vv

nunurI- (t) to pressure her/him to do something | +rI-4 vv

nunuriaq one who has been pressured to do something | +rI-4 vv (aq4 vn

nunuripkaq- (i) to be pressured to do something | +rI-4 vv -pkaq-1 vv

nunut- (t) to stop or pressure her/him from doing something | -t-1 vv

nunuuraq- (i) to feel remorse, regret | perhaps :uraq-2 vv

nunuq- (t) to pinch, tighten it @ nunuqsI- | -q-7 vv

nunuqsiġiil,aq bufflehead duck (Bucephala albeola)

nuŋŋaq ridge along bone of nose; crest, crown of bird § rel. qiŋaaq, akuliaq

nuŋŋaqtuaġruk (Nu) white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) | (tu- nv (aq4 vn -ġruk nn

nuŋu- (i) to be depleted, used up; to get a worn spot; to be an old moon, i.e. no moon

nuŋŋit- (Ti) (t) to end it=a story | ‘=It-3 vdv

nuŋuqsruq- (i) to become worn out (of inanimate things); (t) to cause it to become worn out | (qsruq-2 vv

nuŋuraaq candy | +uraaq2 vn

nuŋusaiññaq- (i) to wane (of moon) | +saq-2 vv -Iññaq-1 vv

nuŋuri- (i) to abort a litter (of a dog); (t) to cause it=dog to abort its litter; (t) to deplete, use up her/his supply | +rI-5 vv

nuŋuruuq(-) type of multiple solitaire, snerts; (i) to play snerts, multiple solitaire | +t/ruq (indic 3s) -q-2 nv

nuŋut- (t) to deplete, use it up | -t-1 vv

nuŋutitchaġataġaluaq- (t) to be inclined to let it become depleted

nuŋuutchI- (i) to eat or drink all of something | -ut-2 vv +sI-3

nuqaq- (i) to be taut, tightly drawn; (t) to attach a bowstring and make it taut

nuqaġun lashing for lower strands of sled | -ġun vn

nuqaqti bowstring, string for a musical instrument | +qti vn

nuqaqtiligauraq violin | +t/rI3 vn –lik1 nn +[ġ]aq3 nn :uraq1 nn

nuqaqtilik stringed instrument, guitar | +t/ri vn -lik nn

nuqit- (t) to pull her/him/it @ nuqitchI-

nuqiiq- or nuqiittaq- to keep pulling, pull continuously on (it=rope, etc.) | -q-1 vv -ttaq- vv

nuqimmI- (t) to be pulling on her/him/it | -mmI-6 vv

nuqiksraaq- (Nu) (t) to pull her/him/it with a jerk | +qsraq-1 vv -aq-1 vv

nuqiksraq- (t) to keep pulling her/him/it | +qsraq-1 vv

nuqitaġaaq something that can be pulled up

nuqittaun (Nu) sheet (nautical) | +t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn

niqittaurraq- or nuqiittaurraq- (i) to have a tug-of-war or stick pull | +t/raq-1 vv -urraq- vv

nuqittaurraun rope for tug-of-war, ivory stick for stick pull | +t/raq-1 vv -urraq- vv :un1 vn

nuqpauraq (Ti) biscuit, muffin § see muqpauraq

nuqpauriuq- (Ti) (i) to make biscuits | =Iuq- nv

nuqsraq (Nu) spear thrower

nurrI- (i) to cut, slice blubber into strips for rendering into oil § rel. uqsrI- under uqsruq

nurriaq slice of blubber for rendering | (aq4 vn § rel. uqsruġaaq under uqsruq

nusaq or nuyaq strand of head hair

nutchat or nusat or nuyat head of hair | ‘-t (pl mkr)

nutchak- (i) to grow hair; to let one’s hair grow long | ‘-k- nv

nuyaaqtuq- (t) to pull her/his hair | -aq-3 nv -tuq-2 vv

nuyaġiq tonsure, shaved place on top of head | ? +Iq3 nn

nuyaiq- (i) to become bald | :Iq-2 nv

nuyait- (i) to be bald | :It-1 nv

nusil,ik- (i) to die suddenly

nusuk- or nutchuk- (t) to pluck, snatch, pull it out

nusukaq- (t) to jerk and drag it | -kaq- vv

nutchugaI- (i) to pluck out

nutchuk- (t) to pluck it out

nutaq- (t) to repair, renew it

nutaaq something new, fresh | (aq4

nutaġauraq young male (animal or human) | +[g]aq3 nn :uraq1nn

nutaġaaluk or (Nu) nutaaġuraq young person | +[g]aq3 nn -aluk nn

nutaġaq young person; fresh powder snow | +[g]aq3 nn

nutaġġiñġaq fresh blubber | perhaps ‘=It-3 nv +[ġ]aq5 vn § rel. uqsruq

nutaqqat young people | ‘-t (pl mkr)

nutaqsI- (Ti) (t) to shave it=boat paddle or oar down and make it appear new | perhaps +sI-5 nv

nutau- (i) to be young, new | perhaps -u-4 vv

nutik- to leap (over it)

nuttagaala- (i) to crackle (esp of a fire) | ‘-k-2 vv +aq-1 vv -ala- vv

nuttagaq- (i) to keep hopping, leaping, jumping | ‘-k-2 vv +aq-1 vv

nuttagayuk grasshopper | ‘-k-2 vv +aq-1 vv -yuk(-) vn

nutim originally, from the first, from the beginning

nutipnisaq (Nu) something old, ancient § rel. aippaaġnisaq, iŋil,ġaaġnisaq

nutqaq- (i) to stop; to die

nutqai- (t) to cause it to stop | -I-9 vv

nutqai- (t) to stop functioning on her/him [?] | -I-10 vv

nutqallak- (i) to recess, take a break

nutqaqtit- (t) to stop her/him/it | (tit-1 vv

nutqiuq- (i) to stop at a place for a certain time | ‘=Iuq-2 vv

nuut- to move (her/him/it) § see nuktiq-

nuvak(-) a cold, mucus; (i) to have a cold

nuvagruaqi- or nuvviqi- (Ti) (i) to dribble saliva | +ġruaq nn ? -qi- nv or ‘=iqi- nv § rel. quġliaq(-)

nuvaksI- (i) to catch a cold | +sI- vv

nuvayulġiq (Ti) jellyfish | -yuk- vv -lġIq- n § rel. ikpiaġruk

nuvaksruk (Nu) Baird’s sandpiper (Calidris bairdii)

nuvI- (t) to thread it=needle; to string it=beads @ nuvirI-, nuvisI-

nuvil,l,aun or nuvil,l,autik device for weaving nets, shuttle

nuviqsraq- to walk among (them) threading one’s way | -qsraq-1

nuviraq- (i) to move through something dense, like a crowd or underbrush | +raq-4 vv

nuvirat something strung, esp. fish strung on a willow stick | +t/raq4 vn -t (pl mkr)

nivviñ line used to string fish | ‘n1 vn

nuviuvak blowfly, bluebottle fly § rel. niviuvak

nuviuvaksiuġayuk (Nu) gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus)

nuviya or nuvuya cloud | -ya3 vn

nuviyaIt- or nuvuyaIt- (i) to be cloudless | -ya3 vn :It-1 nv

nuviyalIq- or nuvuyalIq- (i) to become cloudy and dark, overcast | -ya3 vn -lIq-1 nv

nuviyaqłuk rain clouds, thunderhead cloud | +qłuk nn

nuvuyalaaq(-) partial cloud cover; (i) to be partially cloudy; to have scattered clouds (of sky) | -ya3 vn -laaq3 nn

nuvuyyaqłuk dark storm cloud | ‘-qłuk nn

>Nuvuil,aġruk [ETA: ANSIS] Nuvuil,aġruit tamatkua nunaŋiaktun itkaluaqtut nunaŋiakkaluasugnat

nuvu pointed tip of anything

nuvugiksaq (Nu) pointed sail, i.e. with point on tip, on a gaff rig | +[g]Ik- nv +t/raq4 vn

nuvugluktaq (Nu) sail used with a gaff, not pointed on top | +luk(-)1 vn +taq8 nn

nuvugraq (Ti) point of land at one end of bay | perhaps -ksraq(-)1 nn

nuvuġaluk, nuvuġauraq small point of land | +[ġ]aq2 nn -luk2 nn

nuvuġaq point on land or on an open lead [?] | +[ġ]aq2 nn

nuvuk point, tip; promontory (of land); pointed mountain peak

Nuvuk Point Barrow, Alaska (traditional village site abandoned when residents moved to Barrow six miles down the coast); tip of Point Hope, Alaska

nuvuliġaq floating rib | -liġaq2 nn § rel. isukłiġaq

nuvuliksraq bone connecting floating ribs to breastbone | -lik1 nn -ksraq(-) nn

nuvulu stem upon which a member is set ??

nuvulukutaq (Nu) grass flower, floret | -lu1 nn kutaq nn

nuvułhuq or nuvułhuuq (Nu) tip of antler | łhuq nn

nuvułhuyuk peak | -łhuyuk(-) nn

nuvutchiaq tip of the end | -tchiaq3 nn

nuvvuaġIk- (i) to have a fine, sharp tip or point | ‘-aq nn +[g]Ik- nv

nuyaq or nusaq strand of head hair

nuyaġaq (Nu) hair spring (as in wristwatch)

*nuyuaq (root) timidity, fearfulness, waryiness

nuyuaġi- (t) to be wary, scared of her/him/it | +[g]I-1 nv § rel. iqsigi-

nuyuaġnaq- (i) to be fearsome | +naq- vv § rel. iqsiñaq-

nuyuaqtit- (t) to cause it to be timid, easily frightened

nuyuaqtu- (i) to be wary, timid, easily frightened (of animal) | +tu- vv

>nuyuaqtuq- [?]

nuyuIq- (i) to become tame (of animal) | =Iq-2 rv

nuyuIt- (i) to be unafraid, daring, tame (of animal) | =It-1 rv

nuyuqqak- (i) to be timid (of animal) | ? =qqak- rv

>nuyugaq- (Ti) to stalk (it=game animal, prey) § see piyugaq-

ñiaq (excl) don’t!, don’t do that! § rel. iaqi, aŋŋuu(ŋ), tavra

P

*pa (root) dryness § see paliq-, paniq-

parruk- (t) to start to dry, be drying | =rruk- vv

paa1 entry, doorway; mouth of river; hole of kayak where person sits

paaġutchIq- (t) to put up a windbreak in front a tent

paaŋIq- (t) to block her/his/its entrance or exit and her/him/it from entering or exiting | +ŋIq- nv

paaqtuq- (i) to come directly in through door or tent flap (of wind); (t) to come directly in through its door or tent flap (of wind) | perhaps +q-7 nv +tuq-2

paaqtuqIt- (i) to walk in and out through a door | +q-7 nv +tuq-2 vv -It-5 vv

paggutchIq- (i) to now have a door (of a house); (t) to install a door on it @ paggutchiqsI- | ‘=un1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

paa-2 (Ti) (i) to fall down flat on something; (t) to pin her/him/it down, to pounce upon her/him/it; (t) to fall on top of it; (i) to have a convulsion; to close tightly due to muscle spasm (of jaws, fists, etc.); (t) to prevent her/him/it going past by blocking her/him/it with oneself

paałłak- (i) to fall forward suddenly landing face down | -łłak- vv

paałłakaaq- (i) to stumble, to fall forward | -łłak- vv ? -kaaq- vv

paamġuaq creeping, crawling animal; seal stranded on top of ice, its breathing hole having frozen over | -miq- vv :uq-2 vv (aq4 vv

paamġuq- (i) to crawl, creep (e.g. of a hunter approaching a seal); (t) to crawl to her/him/it, reach her/him/it by crawling | -miq- vv :uq-2 vv

paammak- (i) to crawl | -mmak-2 vv

>paamIq- (i) to keep oneself close to ground, floor; (t) to keep her/him/it close to ground or floor by force or circumstance/ tavra paamiqsaqługit qupilġut igniqsuusiġagtuq he would build a fire in order to keep the bugs down, close to the ground | -miq- vv

paasaaq- (i) to fall forward accidentally; (t) to fall forward on her/him/it, covering her/him/it with one’s body | +saaq-1 vv

paasakaq- (i) to fall headlong | -saq-2 vv -kaq- vv

paasaqqaurraq- (Ti) (i) to play multiple solitaire | -saq-2 vv +-qqaaq- vv -urraq- vv § rel. nuŋuruuq-

paatchuI- (i) to toss things, such as candy, for children to scramble for (part of the Nalukataq celebration) | -tchuk- vv -I- vv

paatchuk- (i) to scramble for things tossed | -tchuk- vv

parraqłak- (t) to violently oppose, contradict her/him/it | ? =rraq-2 vv -qłak- vv

*paġ a(root) movement toward another ???

paaġurraq- (i) to paddle a kayak with a double-bladed paddle | +urraq- vv

paaġutik long double-bladed paddle for kayak | +un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

paaġutraq- (Nu) (i) to have a kayak race | +urraq- vv

paammaaġIk- (i) to cooperate well in getting work done | +[g]Ik- rv

paaq- (t) to go to meet her/him/it as she/he/it arrives; to travel, progress into it=wind, water current @ paaqsI-

paaqłak- (t) to deliberately disobey her/him; to go against her/his wishes; to object to, oppose it=idea, motion, etc. | -qłak- vv

paaqłaŋa- (i) to be contrary, hard to please; to be in opposition; (t) to be against her/him/it | -qłak- vv (ŋa- vv

paaqsaaq- to encounter, experience (it=pain, sadness, sorrow, misfortune); to encounter, come upon face to face (with her/him) by accident | perhaps +q-7 vv +saaq-1 vv § rel. parġuti

paaqtuq- (Ti) (t) to go to meet her/him; (Nu) (i) to travel, go into the wind | perhaps +q-7 vv +tuq-2 vv

paġġutaq windshield, windbreak | ‘=utaq1 vn § rel. uqquutaq, piiqsi

paġġutauraq block of snow or ice outside door of house used to guide or direct the wind | ‘=utaq1 vn :uraq nn

paġġutchIq- to catch the flow of the air to direct it to a house

paġġutaq a wind breaker, usually whale scapula by entry of traditional sod house § rel. paa-, kiasik

paġla- (t) to welcome, greet her/him | +la-vv

paġlan welcome, greeting | +la-vv ‘-n1 vn

paġlati- (i) to greet, welcome each other | ‘-ti-2 vv

paqqiuq- (i) to walk struggling against the wind or cold | ‘=Iuq-2 vv

parġuti- or paaġuti- or paaqsaaġuti- (i) to approach, meet each other on the road; to cross paths | :uti-2 vv +q-7 vv +saaq-1 vv :uti-2 vv

paalaaq small intestines of squirrel § rel. iŋaluat

paallagiik (Nu) pair (at cards) § rel. paġaq-

paamaraq temporary sod shelter; (Nu) house roof support which is fixed in the ground

paatchiġruaq or (Ti) paatchaq barge, scow | +ġruaq nn § rel. sikauġruaq

Paatchuktuurat small cluster of stars; Little Dipper § see Siquvsiqqat

*pag (dem root) up there (extended and visible)

pagna dual pakkuak, pl pakkua (abs dem pron) that one up there (extended and visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

paanI (dem adv in loc) located up there (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

paanIit- (i) to be located up there (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

paaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from up there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

paaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction up there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

paaŋŋaq- (i) to come from up there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

pagga (dem adv) up there (extended and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

paktuma or paksruma or pagruma, dual pakkuak , pl pakkua (dem rel pron) that one up there (extended and visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

paktumanI or paksrumanI or pagrumanI, dual pakkugnagni, pl pakkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one up there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

paktumaŋŋa or paksrumaŋŋa or pagrumaŋŋa, dual pakkugnaŋŋa, pl pakkunaŋŋa from that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

paktumatun or paksrumatun or pagrumatun, dual pakkugnaktun, pl pakkunatitun like that one up there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

paktumiŋa or paksrumiŋa or pagrumiŋa, dual pakkugniŋa, pl pakkuniŋa that one up there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

paktumuŋa or paksrumuŋa or pagrumuŋa, dual pakkugnuŋa, pl pakkunuŋa to that one up there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

paktumuuna or paksrumuuna or pagrumuuna, dual pakkugnuuna, pl pakkunuuna via, with that one up there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

pauŋa (dem adv in term) to up there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

pauŋanmun towards up there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

pauŋaq- (i) to go up there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

pauna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of up there (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via)

paunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of up there (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

*pagma (root)

pagmamI, (Nu) pakmamI now, at the present time | (mI (loc)

pagmanun aglaan up until now | (nun (term)

pagmapak, (Nu) pakmapak now, at the present time | -pak2 rn

pagniQ bull caribou § see paŋniq

pagniaġruatchiaq very old bull with worn-out teeth | -aġruk nn -atchiaq nn

pagvIIt knee bones of seal which were used as weights in bolas | +vIk1 rv :It (pl mkr)

pagvIk knee bone of seal

paġna- (Nu) paqna- (i) to get ready to go; (t) to get her/him ready, prepared to go § rel. paluq-

paġnan or (Nu) paqnatit ammunition | -n3 vn -t (pl mkr)

paġnasI- (i) to prepare shells, to fill bullets with lead | ~I- nv

pagI- (i) to stay behind while others depart, usually in the care of someone

paisaq memento, souvenir | +t/raq3 vn

paisat heritage | +t/raq3 vn -t (pl mkr)

paggisi- (t) to remain at home with her/him/it caring for her/him/it | ‘-ti-2 vv

paipak(-) [Eng] pipe (for smoking); (i) to smoke a pipe

paipaktuun (Ti) pipe tobacco | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

paippaġruaq pipe (for transporting liquid, gas, etc.) | ‘-ġruaq1 nn

paipiuraq [ENG] baby | :uraq(-) nn vv

paiqł,uk (Nu) red, spawning male trout § see piaqługruaq

paisugruk red breasted merganser (Mergus serrator)

pakak(-) (i) to rummage through things looking for something; to get into mischief; someone who gets into mischief; mischief-maker

pakauraq- (i) to rummage through things secretly looking for something | -uraq-2 vv

pakkaqtu- (i) to have the habit of getting into everything and causing mischief | ‘-qtu- vv

pakIk- to dig (it=hole) with hands or claws; (t) to fire it=gun by pulling the trigger

pagrak- (Ti) to dig (through it) / pagraktuq annuġaatigun she is digging through the clothes | =rak- vv

pakigaġnaq automatic rifle | +aq-1 vv +naq2 vn § rel. suppun

pakigaq (Nu) trigger (of gun) | +[ġ]aq1 vn

pakiksima- (i) to hold on, hang on by one’s fingers | +sima-2 vv

pakiñik- (t) to pull it toward oneself by grasping its far edge; to push it aside; to touch her/his shoulder to get her/his attention; (i) to climb up by using the hands; to climb with difficulty pulling oneself up with fingerholds | -nik-3 vv

pakirgutit (Nu) snow rake made of caribou antler | ?-rgun vn –t (pl mkr)

pakkIQ hole, place that has been dug out | ‘-Q3 vn

paksrala- (i) to dig furiously [?] | =srak- vv -la- vv

paksrak- to dig (it=hole) with claws or paws | =srak- vv

paksruksaq(-) snare with spring trap; to trap (it) using a snare with spring trap

*pakim (dem root) up there on roof (not visible) § rel. *pag *pam

pakimna, dual pakipkuak, pl pakipkua (abs dem pron) that one up there on roof (not visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

paŋmanI (dem adv in loc) located up there on roof (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

paŋmanIit- (i) to be located up there on roof (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

paŋmaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from up there on roof (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

paŋmaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction up there on roof (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

paŋmaŋŋaq- (i) to come from up there on roof (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

paŋma (dem adv) up there on roof (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

pakiptuma or pakivsruma or pakivruma, dual pakipkuak , pl pakipkua (dem rel pron) that one up there on roof (not visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

pakiptumanI or pakivsrumanI or pakivrumanI, dual pakipkugnagni, pl pakipkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one up there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

pakiptumaŋŋa or pakivsrumaŋŋa or pakivrumaŋŋa, dual pakipkugnaŋŋa, pl pakipkunaŋŋa from that one up there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

pakiptumatun or pakivsrumatun or pakivrumatun, dual pakipkugnaktun, pl pakipkunatitun like that one up there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

pakiptumiŋa or pakivsrumiŋa or pakivrumiŋa, dual pakipkugniŋa, pl pakipkuniŋa that one up there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

pakiptumuŋa or pakivsrumuŋa or pakivrumuŋa, dual pakipkugnuŋa, pl pakipkunuŋa to that one up there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

pakiptumuuna or pakivsrumuuna or pakivrumuuna, dual pakipkugnuuna, pl pakipkunuuna via, with that one up there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

paŋmuŋa (dem adv in term) to up there on roof (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

paŋmuŋanmun toward up there on roof (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

paŋmuŋaq- (i) to go up there on roof (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

paŋmuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of up there on roof (not visible) | +uuna (dem via)

paŋmuunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of up there on roof (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

*pala (root) improvement

palaŋa- (i) to improve moderately (of one’s condition) | (ŋa- rv

palaŋŋak- (i) to improve, abate, become less severe (of one’s condition or behavior) | (ŋa- rv ‘-k-2 vv

palaŋŋaktaaq- (t) to improve it, make it less severe | (ŋa- rv ‘-k-2 vv +taaq- vv

palaq- (i) to get less than one deserves; to have or get too much (more than one’s share); (Nu) to wrestle somewhat, not strenuously; (t) to conclusively defeat her/him with minimal effort, taking either verbal or physical revenge; to blame, reprimand her/him and succeed in one’s accusation, get the best of her/him who is trying to deny something; to give her/him less than what he is expecting; (Nu) to wrestle her/him somewhat, not strenuously

palauvak [ENG] flour

palauvaaq gravy; mixture of flour and stock used to thicken soup; (Ti) flour mush made with seal oil | -aq6 nn

palauvaun flour sack | :uti3 nn

palauvviuq- (i) to make a cooked mixture of flour and water | ‘=Iuq-1 nv

palIq- (t) for it to dry | -lIq-3 rv § rel. paniq-; see *pa

paliuma- (i) to be dry | -lIq-3 rv -uma- vv

pallaġIk- (Nu) (i) to be very dry (esp. of wood) | -lIq-3 rv ‘=aq3 vn +[g]Ik- nv

palliksraq dried plants, wood, cottonwood leaves or arctic cotton (Eriphorum spp.) used for tinder to start fires; pussy willows | -lIq-3 rv ‘-Q3 vn -ksraq1 nn

pallIQ (Nu) dried plant, wood, arctic cotton | -lIq-3 rv ‘-Q3 vn

pallik- (i) to be by the edge of something; (t) to be by the edge of her/him/it

pallisaq or pallitchat entrance mound of semi-subterranean passageway of traditional sod house; semi-circular wooden shield above stairs to tunnel in doorway of sod house ??

palu- (i) to be depressed, be in bad condition mentally or physically; (Ti) to become skinny, lose weight § rel. paniq-

palluŋa- (i) to be lying prone; to be crouching with one’s head lowered | ‘-q-1 vv (ŋa- vv

palluq- (i) to lie prone, crouch down; (Ti) to lower the head, bow | ‘-q-1 vv § rel. siki-

palluqhaaq- or palluqhiaq- (i) to fall forward, headlong with arms outstretched | ‘-q-1 vv -qhaaq-1 vv ‘-q-1 vv -qhiaq- vv

palluqhiaqtaq- (i) to fall forward repeatedly | ‘-q-1 vv -qhiaq- vv +t/raq-1 vv

palluqtit- (t) to turn her/him/it face down | ‘-q-1 vv (tit-1 vv

palut- (t) to turn it over, face down or with its opening facing downward (as a cup) @ palutchI- | -t-1 vv

paluq-1 (Nu) (i) to have no more possessions; to have nothing more to eat § rel. suiq-

paluŋaiq- (Nu) (i) to get ready, prepared, gather one’s possessions | (ŋaIq- vv § rel. paġna-

paluq-2 (Nu) to be covered with hard snow (of trap which is thus useless)

paluŋaiq- (Nu) (t) to remove it=hard snow cover from a trap § see upaluŋaIq- | (ŋaIq- vv

pału- (i) to fall, having been straight (of dog’s ears)

pałuŋa- (i) to be hanging down (of dog’s ears) | (ŋa- vv

pałut- (t) to turn it face down | -t-1 vv

pałutaq dog with hanging ears | +taq3 vn

pałuqtaq beaver (Castor canadensis)

*pam (dem root) up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) § rel. *pag

pamakŋaaq- (Nu) (i) to blow from northeast (of wind)

pamanI (dem adv in loc) located up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

pamanIIt- (i) to be located up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

pamaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

pamaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

pamaŋŋaq- (i) to come from up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

pamma (dem adv) up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

pamna, dual papkuak, pl papkua (abs dem pron) that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

paptuma or pavsruma or pavruma, dual papkuak , pl papkua (dem rel pron) that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

paptumanI or pavsrumanI or pavrumanI, dual papkugnagni, pl papkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

paptumaŋŋa or pavsrumaŋŋa or pavrumaŋŋa, dual papkugnaŋŋa, pl papkunaŋŋa from that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

paptumatun or pavsrumatun or pavrumatun, dual papkugnaktun, pl papkunatitun like that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

paptumiŋa or pavsrumiŋa or pavrumiŋa, dual papkugniŋa, pl papkuniŋa that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

paptumuŋa or pavsrumuŋa or pavrumuŋa, dual papkugnuŋa, pl papkunuŋa to that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

paptumuuna or pavsrumuuna or pavrumuuna, dual papkugnuuna, pl papkunuuna via, with that one up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

pamuŋa (dem adv in term) to up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

pamuŋanmun toward up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +nmun (term)

pamuŋaq- (i) to go up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

pamuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +uuna (dem via)

pamuunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of up there, e.g. inland, upriver, upstairs (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

pamuunatqut- (i) to pass by further inland unseen; (t) to pass by her/him/it further inland unseen | +uuna (dem adv via) -tqut- nv

*pama (root)

pamaġi- (t) to nurture her/him/it | -ġi- vv

pamat- (t) to pamper, cater to, indulge her/him/it, especially with food; be solicitious toward her/him @ pamatchI- | -t-1 vv

pamataq a person cared for, pampered, indulged, catered to | +taq3 vn

pamagnaq (Ti) east § rel. pam-

pamiq- or pamiqsaq- (t) to raise it=young animal | +saq-2 vv

pamiġvIk place where one was raised; person by whom one was raised | +vIk1 vn § rel. iñuguġvIk

pamiqsaaq pet animal | +saq-2 vv (aq3 vn

pamiuq tail (of mammal); (Nu) odd card not part of a pair (in card game of “fives”)

pamialluk back flap of pants above belt; tailbone |? -lluk nn

pamiguyaaq (Ti) tailbone |? =guyaaq nn

pamii- or pamiiqi- or pamiula- to wag tail (of dog) | =I- nv or =Iqi-1 nv or -la- vv

pamiiġvIk fur next to wolverine’s tail | =Iq-2 nv +vIk1 vn

pamiuġayuk tailbone, sacrum | +[ġ]aq2 nn ?-yuk2 nn

Pamiuligaaluk Canadian Iñuk (so called because of the parka with tail worn by women) | -lik1 nn :aaq nn -luk2 nn

pamiulik [lit. ‘one with a tail’] parka with a tail, as worn by Inuit in Canada | -lik1 nn

pamiuqtaq man’s belt with tail in back | +taq8 nn

pamiuqtuuq land otter (Lutra canadensis) | +tuuq1 nn

pamiuqtit- (i) to oar to the area where the whale they had seen at a distance would most likely surface § rel. pamiuq

pamiuqtuuraq mosquito larva | +t/ruuraq vn

pana(-) spear; double-edged blade; porcupine quill; (Nu) long spear used for bait; (t) to spear her/him/it

panaaq (Nu) middle tine of fish spear | (aq3 vn

panauq- to spear (her/him/it) repeatedly | -uq-2 vv

panapkaaq [RUSS] wall tent

panIk daughter

panigiik father-daughter; mother-daughter | +[g]iik nn

paniksraq adopted daughter | -ksraq(-)1 nn, vv

pannI- (i) to have, get a daughter; (t) to cause her to have a daughter (of man) | ‘=I- nv

paniq- (t) for it to become dry; (i) to lose weight, become skinny; to starve § rel. palIq- ; see *pa

panaaġruk- to dry out (e.g. of meat) | +rruk- vv

panaqłuk- to become dried out | perhaps ‘-qłuk- vv

paniġruk- to dry out (e.g. of meat) | +ruk-1 vv

paniqsI- (i) to put meat out to dry | +t/raq3 ‘=I-1 nv

paniqsIq- (i) to be set out to dry; (t) to have it set out to dry | +[t]sIq- vv

PaniqsiivIk [lit. ‘time for drying’] month of March | +t/raq3 vn § rel. Siqiññaasugruk

paniqtaq dried meat or fish

paniqtuuq- to slowly dry (it=a skin) by working on it twisting and rubbing it with hands while tanning it | +tuuq-2 vv

pannaġIk- (Nu) pallaġIk- (i) to be very dry (esp. of wood) | ‘-Q3 vn +[g]Ik- nv

pannaksaq- (i) to go on a diet to lose weight; (t) to put her/him/it on a diet to lose weight | ‘-k-2 vv +saq-2 vv

pannaQ skinny person or animal | ‘-Q3 vn

pannaqłuk- to become thoroughly dry | ‘-qłuk-1 vv

pannatchaatun (Nu) very dry (esp. of plant, wood) ? | ‘-Q3 vn -tchaatun

pannayasI- (i) to get skinny | ‘-k-2 vv -yasI- vv

paŋak- (i) to paddle kayak swiftly with double-bladed paddle; (t) to paddle it=kayak swiftly with double-bladed paddle

paŋaligaq- (i) to play a game where one jumps along in a crouched position | -ligaq(-) vv

paŋaligmik (adv) running on all fours, gallop | -lik-2 vv (mik (mod)

paŋalik- (i) to run on all fours, gallop; (Nu) (t) to cause it=animal to run, gallop | -lik-2 vv

paŋallaQ animal worn out from running whose meat is considered undesirable | -lik-2 vv ‘-Q3 vn

paŋmagrak capelin (Mallotus villosus) § rel. iłhuaġniq

paŋniq bull caribou § see pagniq

papaaq membrane around a fetus (as in caribou); (Ti) afterbirth (of animal) / tuttum papaaŋa taamna puuŋa nuġġaiyaam the caribou calf comes wrapped in a membrane § rel. alġaaq

papa(-) [ENG] pepper; (i) to season with pepper; (t) to season it with pepper

pappIt- (i) to sneeze because of pepper | ‘=It-3 nv § rel. tagiuq(-)

papaksraq (Nu) Labrador tea § rel. qayuksraq, saiyu

papik bird’s tail; top rear edge (of skin pants); back side length (of parka or snowshirt)

papiġuq fish tail | -ġuq2 nn

papiġuqsimaaq- (Nu) (i) to wiggle its tail (of fish) | -ġuq2 nn +simaaq- nv

papiktuuq marsh hawk (Circus cyaneus) | -tuuq1 nn

papiqqil,a- (i) to wiggle; to jump around, as a fish after it is caught; to wag the tail; (t) to wag the tail at her/him/it | -qqI- vv -la- vv

papikkaq (Nu) downriver end of an island | +kaq2 nn § rel. aqu

papkusil,ik (Nu) seven (at cards)

paplu (Nu) drum handle

pappaq- (Ti) [ENG] pump; (i) to use an air pump; (t) to pump it up

pappaun air pump | :un1 vn

paprI- to bother, annoy, pester (her/him/it) § see pavrI-

papriñaq- (Nu) (i) to be bothersome | +naq-1 vv

paptaIq- [ENG baptize] (i) to be now baptized; (t) to baptize her/him

paqit- (i) to be found; to find (her/him=not a proper name |it); (t) to find her/him/it

paqirrun page number; (Nu) a number | +run1 vn § rel. kisirrun

paquti- (i) to find one another | =uti-2 vv

paqna- (Nu) (i) to get ready to go; (t) to ready her/him to go § see paġna- § rel. itqanaiyaq-

paqnatit (Nu) ammunition § see paġnan under paġna-

paqqiuq- (i) to walk struggling against the wind or cold § see paġa-

paqtiġraq knee string of boots

paqtiġrak (Ti) drawstring on pants cuffs | -k (dual mkr)

paqtit- (i) to edge up to another boat, dock, cliff and stop (of boats); (t) to maneuver it=boat so that it is stopped alongside another boat, dock, or cliff § rel. patiktit- under patik-

*paquq (root) contamination, taboo??

paquġi- (t) to shun her/him=sick person, fearing to be contaminated; (t) to regard her/him/it with fear or caution | +[g]i-1 rv

paquġnaq- (i) to be sick so as to be feared or quarantined | +naq-1 vv

paquqsraq- (i) to avoid contact with sick person or corpse | -qsraq-1 rv

paquqtau- (Nu) (i) to be observant of taboo | +tau- rv

para(-) [ENG] butter; (i) to eat butter; (t) to butter it

parvIk chopping board or stone | +vIk1 vn

parviktit- to smash down on something / argaga parviktitkiga I smashed my hand on something

parruk- (t) to start to dry, be drying | =rruk- vv § see *pa

pasI- (t) to blame, accuse, suspect her/him/it

pasiaksrait- (i) to be faultless by nature | +aq3 vn -ksraq(-)1 nn :It-1 nv

pasigi- (Ti) (t) to blame, accuse her/him | perhaps +[g]i-2 nv

pasiñaq- (i) to be suspicious-looking; (i) to be blameworthy | +naq-1 vv

pasiññik- (i) to blame someone else | +nnik- vv

pasipkaq- (i) to get the blame | +pkaq-1 vv

pasiuq- (t) to keep blaming her/him | :uq-2 vv

patchiñ alibi, excuse, reason | ‘-n1 vn

patchisau- (i) to be guilty, blameworthy | ‘-ti1 vn :u-2 nv

patchisigi- (t) to accuse, blame, use her/him/it as a scapegoat; (t) to use her/him/it as an excuse for not doing what one should | ‘-ti1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

patchitchIq- (i) get an alibi, excuse | ‘-ti1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

pasIk- (t) to get scorched

pasiaq- (i) to warm oneself by the fire or any source of heat | +aq-1 vv

pasiksiaq- (i) to warm oneself by the fire or any source of heat; (t) to let it get warm by the fire or heat | +[t]sIq- vv -aq-

pasiksit- (t) to warm it by the fire or any source of heat; (Nu) (t) to roast, fry it=bread on top of stove | (tit-1 vv § syn siqaniq

pasiksitaaġvIk or pasiksitaun (Nu) griddle | (tit-1 vv -taaq-1 vv +vIk1 vn § rel. sil,aavyiun

pasiksitaaq (Nu) flat bread fried on both sides | (tit-1 vv (t/raq1- vv (aq3 vn

pasiksitaq- (Nu) (t) to fry it=food | (tit-1 vv (t/raq- vv

*pati (root) using the palm of hand

patala- (i) to feel one’s way in the dark; to get ready in a hurry; (Ti) (i) to clap hands | -la- vv § rel. pattakula-

patalġi- (t) to pet, caress her/him/it

patik- (t) to slap her/him/it; (Ti) (t) to lay one’s hand on her/him/it

patigaq (Nu) old-style clay pot | +[ġ]aq1 vn § rel. qikuyaq, utkusik

patikkiuq- (Nu) (i) to make a clay pot | ‘=Iuq-1 nv

patiktit- (i) to be aligned so that they are in contact; (t) to align them so that they touch each other | (tit-1 vv § rel. paqtit-

patqutaq fly swatter; mosquito fan | :utaq1 vn

pattak- (t) to spank, slap her/him | ‘-k- vv

pattakula- (i) to clap, applaud; (t) to applaud her/him/it | +ula- vv

patiQ(-) bone marrow; candle; (i) to eat bone marrow; (t) to eat its bone marrow

patiġIk- (Nu) (i) to be fat (of human, animal, fish) | +[g]Ik- nv

patiġniQ (Nu) marrowbone | +niQ1 vn

patiqsruk- (i) to suck marrow from a bone [?] | ?-sruk- nv

pativsuk- (i) to suck juice from something; (t) to suck juice from it § rel iguk-

patquraq, patiquraq candle | :uraq nn

patit- to be frozen solid (of shallow water)

pativsuk- (i) to suck juice from something; (t) to suck juice from it

patkusil,ik seven, at cards

patkutaq fly swatter; mosquito fan § see patik-

pattaq (Nu) shaft of drill which holds the bit

pattaqtuun (Nu) small bow for firedrill | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn § rel. pisiksiġauraq

>pattuq- (i) to fight (of married couple); (t) to beat or fight with her/his spouse

patuk(-) frost of breath on ruff; to be wet or foggy; to form on the parka ruff (of frost)

patuŋnaq- (i) to be frosty (of weather)

patukpak (Ti) brass (metal) § rel. kanŋuyak

pau water beetles

pauk- (t) to sting her/him/it; (t) to stretch and stake it=skin to the ground; to stake it=tent to the ground; to drive it=stake in @ pauksI-

paugaq big stake (e.g. for dog chain, for anchoring net); tent peg | +[ġ]aq1 vn

pauktaq seal skin staked on ground for stretching | +t/raq3 vn

pauktit- (i) to get stung by an insect | (tit-1 vv

pauktuq- (i) to be putting stakes in; (Nu) to stake a skin to the ground; (t) to stake it in; (Nu) to stake it=skin to ground @ pauktuI- | +tuq-2 vv

pauktuun stick or rod used as sled brake; stake used to stake stretched skin to ground; (tent), stake, peg | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn § rel. paugaq

paumit- (i) to itch | -mit- vv

pauŋniQ insect bite | +niQ1 vn

pauvlIq- or (Ti) pausI- (i) to get itchy, develop an itch | -vlIq- vv

*pau (root) soot

paula(q) soot | -laq1 vn

paugiyaq- (t) to clean, remove soot from it=gun @ paugiyaI- | :Iyaq- nv

paugiyaun gun rod; wire used to clean gun barrel | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

pauguaq- (i) to get soot on oneself; (t) to get her/him/it sooty | +[g]uaq-3 nv

paulaiyaq- (t) to remove soot from it=stovepipe @ paulaiyaI- | :Iyaq- nv

paulaiyaun stovepipe cleaner; stick used to clean rifle barrel or harpoon head (stick with hole at end through which rag is attached) | Iyaq- nv :un-1 vn

paulliqi- (i) to work with, handle soot | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

paullIt- (i) to get soot on oneself; to become sooty; (t) to get soot on her/him/it | ‘=It-3 nv

paut- (t) to get soot on it | +t-2 nv

pautiq- (i) to become blackened, as from soot | +tiq-1 nv

pauya- (i) to become sooty (as lamp when wick is too high) | -ya-1 nv

paunġaq crowberry, blackberry (Empetrun nigrum) |

paunġaqutit or paunġaqutaq leaves of crowberry or blackberry

pauŋŋaak hip boots

pauq- (i) to flap wings while trying to take off on water

>pautnaq (Nu) edible plant with edible root

pavlu handle of drum | +lu(q)2

paya- (t) to be unable to manage or defeat her/him/it; (t) to be not strong enough to lift or move it

payaappak feeble, weak person | -ppak vn

payaŋa- (i) to be weak, unable | (ŋa- vv

payaŋaIq- (i) to be made more solid, stronger; (t) to make it more solid, stronger | (ŋaIq- vv

payaŋaIt- (i) to be solid and unbreakable; to be strong and healthy mentally and physically | (ŋaIt- vv

payarI- (t) to overcome, defeat her/him/it, to force her/him to yield through pressure; to rape her/him; (Ti) (t) to lose hold of it, have it slip from one’s grasp | +rI-3 vv

payyagniuq- (i) to struggle; (t) to struggle with her/him/it | ‘-k-2 vv +nniuq- vv

payyaksaq- (i) to have difficulty, not be strong enough to do a task; (t) to have difficulty carrying her/him/it; (t) to have difficulty overcoming her/him/it | ‘-k-2 vv +saq-3 vv

payyIt- (i) to quit, feeling incapable; (t) to quit, feeling incapable of doing it, or dealing with her/him | ‘=It-3 vv

payuk- (i) to bring food; (t) to bring food to her/him/it

payuktaq- (i) to bring food repeatedly; (t) to bring food to her/him/it repeatedly | +t/raq-1 vv

pI(-) (base to which any suffix may be added); (t) to take her/him/it; to do it; to say to her/him

piala- (i) to carry on noisily, be rowdy, rambunctious, disorderly | -ala- vv

pialaaq young offspring (of birds) § rel. piayaaq

piallak- (i) to become enthusiastic; to become carried away | ‘-k-2 vv

pialuk anything worn-out, tattered; old item

piaqłuktaŋIt- (i) to be kind; (t) to be kind to her/him/it | +aq-1 vv +qłuk- vv +t/raq-1 vv (ŋIt- vv

piaqłuktaq- (i) to do things in a rough manner; (t) to handle her/him/it roughly | perhaps +aq-1 vv +qłuk- vv +t/raq-1 vv

piatchiaq- (i) to go and ask for something which one is out of / nuliaŋa piatchiaġayugniqsuq sil,allimignun niqsaġmata his wife had the habit of going over to their neighbor to ask for food whenever they brought some home | -atchiaq- nv

piayaaq young animal, baby animal | -ayaaq nn

pigayuk- (i) to do often; (t) to do it=activity often | +gayuk- vv

pigi- (t) to have it in one’s possession | +[g]i-1 nv

pigigñiq choice piece of fur from wolf or wolverine | +[g]Ik- nv +niQ1 vn

piġuaq- (t) to smear, make a spot on her/him/it | +ġuaq-2 nv

piġuq- (i) to be a success, amount to something; to be haughty | +[ġ]uq-1 nv

piksramaaq- to desire, want to have (it) | -ksraq(-) nn vv -maaq-2 vv piksraq(-) something that is to be owned by someone; (i) to obtain something for oneself; to vote; (t) to obtain something for her/him/it | -ksraq(-) nn vv

piksraq(-) desireable item; to get something for her/him/it | -ksraq(-) nn vv

piksraqta! call for a vote (a parliamentary procedure during meeting) § rel. inillak-, kutchuq-

piksriaq share of something made, saved or assembled | -ksraq(-) nn vv ‘=I-1 nv (aq3 vn

pil,I-or pil,iuq- (i) to make something; (t) to make something for her/him/it; (t) to make it into something | -lI-1 nv or lIuq- nv

pil,iaq hand-made item | -lI-1 nv +aq3 vn

pil,iñġu- (i) to be unwilling to give up a possession; to covet a possession, especially that of a dead relative | -liñġu- nv

pil,l,atu- (Ti) (i) to act selfishly (e.g. to strike a whale first with no regard for other crew

members, take larger share than others) | +llatu- vv

pil,l,uataq- (i) to get along well, to have no trouble in one’s activities; to do things right; to do well; to be fortunate, e.g. in hunting; (t) to do a good job on it or by her/him | -lluataq(-) nn, vv

pimaqłuk- (i) to do something bad; (t) to do it badly | -maqłuk- vv § rel. >ukayaŋa-

piñasugi- (i) to think that one is summoned or the one that did the action; (t) to think that she/he/it did the action or that one did the action to her/him/it | +nasugi- vv

piŋiññiġaq- (i) to feel resentful because of what one perceives as inequity; feel slighted; (t) to accuse her/him/it of not doing something | (ŋIt- vv +nI- vv +[ġ]aq- vv

piŋŋuaġutaitchuakun sincerely, with sincerity | -ŋŋuaq(-) vv, nn :un1 vn :It- nv +t/ruaq vn +kun (via)

piŋŋuaq- (i) to pretend; (t) to pretend to do something to her/him/it; to pretend to get hold of her/him/it | -ŋŋuaq(-) vn

pipałłuk- (t) to mistreat her/him/it | -pałłuk- vv

pipqaqtaq- (i) to be severely handicapped; to rarely do the activity | -pqaq-vv +t/raq-1vv

pipqauraq- (i) to barely succeed; (t) to barely succeed in doing it=activity, or getting her/him/it | -pqauraq- vv

piqan companion | +qan vn

piqasIq- (i) to get a companion for oneself; (t) to accompany her/him/it | +qan vn ~Iq-1 nv

piqpagi- (t) to love her/him/it dearly @ piqpaksrI-

piqpak- (i) to make a fuss; (t) to fuss over her/him/it | +qpak- vv

pisaqsaq- (i) to over-react

pisuksaaq- (t) to try to persuade her/him to do something @ pisuksaaqłIq- | +[s]uk-1 vv +saaq-2 vv || +kłIq-1 vv

pisuliq- (i) to now want to participate | +[s]uk-1 vv -lIq-3 vv

pisuuma- (i) to be importunate, troublesome, overly persistent; (t) to keep wanting, begging for, insist on having it | +[s]uk-1 vv -uma- vv

pisuvyuaq- to not really want to do (it) | +[s]uk-1 vv -vyuaq- vv

pisuq- to be good at doing (it) | +suq-1 vv

piurraaq- (i) to now have a broken part; (t) to break some part of it | -urraaq- nv

piyuma- (i) to be willing; (t) to be willing to do or get her/him/it | +[y]uma-1 vv

piyumman hope; willingness to do a task | +[y]uma-1 vv ‘-n1 vn

piagniQ lower leg bone | +niQ3 vn from piak-

piaġi- (Ti) (t) to hold her/him/it on one’s lap @ piaġrI- § rel. saġliaq-

piaġIk- (i) to be well, healthy | +[g]Ik- rvd

piaġIIq- (i) to be nearing death | [g]Ik- rvd :Iq-2 vdv

piaġIIt- (i) to be moribund, about to die | +[g]Ik- rvd :It-1 vdv

piak- (i) to be slippery; (i) to slide easily; (i) to be thin (of soup or gravy)

piagnaq snow condition good for sled travel | +naq2 vn

piavsaI- (t) to cause her/him to suddenly become furious, fly into a rage | -vsak- vv -I-8 vv

piavsak- (i) to suddenly become furious; to fly into a rage | -vsak- vv

piannaq(-) playing card; (i) to play cards

piannaġIk- (i) to have a good hand at cards, have good cards | +[g]Ik- nv

piannat deck of cards | -t (pl mkr)

piannau- (Nu) (i) to lose at cards | perhaps :u-2 nv

piannaun card game | :un1 vn

piattaaq(-) (Nu) card game, “fives”; (i) play a card game, “fives”?

piaŋniQ (Nu) lower leg bone (of human or animal) § see piagniq

piaq- (t) for it to be waxed (of thread) @ piaqsI-

piaġun thread wax | :un1 vn

piaqługruaq big silver-colored fish ? § see paiqł,uk § rel. iqalukpik

pigaaq- (i) to stay up late

piggaqtu- (i) stays up late | ‘qtu- vv

pigaaqsiutik seal net | +siun vn ‘-k (dual mkr) § rel. igaliq

pigruq- to flee § see pIk-

*piġi (root)

piġinniq or piġniq joint, articulation ? | +t-1 +niQ1 vn

piġiŋa- (i) to be bent | (ŋa- vv

piġiŋaluk stovepipe elbow (of chimney, pipes, etc.) | (ŋa- vv +lu(k)2 vn § rel. qiviaġaaq

piġit- to bend (it) @ piġitchI- | +t-1 rv § rel. *piq

piġliġniQ (Nu) inside of a joint (e.g. elbow, knee, finger) | perhaps =liq-4 vv +niQ1 vn

piġl,araq (Nu) long slat in sled on top of cross slat | piġl,arrat il,aŋat naviksimaruaq one of the long slats in the sled is broken | +laaq3 rn

Piġniq Birnirk, Alaska, three miles northeast of Barrow, also called “Shooting Station” because Iñupiaq families camp there for the summer and hunt ducks

piġu- (t) to cover her/him/it completely (as with a blanket)

piġġutaq rock weight used to keep tent flap closed | utaq vn

piġurI- to cure a caribou for eating frozen, by exposing the limbs by skinning first, then positioning the caribou in a hunched position, then shoveling snow around the caribou and let it stay like that for a day if you want the meat to be mild, two days if you want a more potent caribou meat, and if you are really into a really cured meat, three days.

piġuraq caribou meat tenderized and flavored by going through the process expressed in the definition of piġuri- | +t/raq3 vn

piġuuq- (t) to put a cover on it | perhaps :uq-2 vv

piiġaq gray-cheeked thrush (Hylocichla minima)

pIIq- (i) to vanish, fade, be taken away, to move oneself, be removed; to die; (t) to remove her/him/it | :Iq-1 nv § see pI(-)

piiguitkaaq things that are taught so one won’t forget them; memento, souvenir | -guq- vv :It-1 vv perhaps +kaaq1 vn

piiguq- or puiguq- to forget (her/him/it) @ piiguI- or puiguI- | -guq- vv

piiqsaaq-, (Ti) piiqtaaq- (i) to move to the side, away from focal point; (t) to move her/him/it to the side, away from focal point | +taaq-1 vv

piivsak- (t) to slurp in or suck in one’s drool | -vsak- vv

piiyaku rotten piece removed from something, esp. from meat | :Iyaq- nv -ku(-) vn

piiyaq- (t) to remove them @ piiyaI- | :Iyaq- nv

piiqsi whale shoulder blade placed outside sod house entrance mound to direct air into house (or used as a step)

pIIt- (i) to be absent, missing | :It-1 nv § see pI(-)

piil,aaġi- (t) to deny knowledge of her/him/it | :Il,aaq(-) nn vv +[g]i-1 nv

piil,aaq- or piil,atchI- (i) to deny knowledge of something | Il,aaq(-) nn vv or :Il,aq(-) nn -tchI- vv

piil,l,aġuti- (i) to not find any | :Il,l,aġuti- nv [you can break this down to: :It- rv +laq-2 vv :uti- vv]

piil,l,iuq- (i) to not have enough of necessities | :Il,l,iuq- nv

piitchI- to feel the loss, the absence of (her/him/it); (i) to realize that something is missing | +sI-1 vv

*pik1 (root) upward movement

pigla- (i) to be able to jump high; to be bouncy, peppy | ?-la- rv

pigliġayuk grasshopper | -liq-1 vv +aq-1 vv -yuk(-)1 vn

pigliq- (i) to bounce; to jump up | ? -liq-1 vv

pigliqtaq- (i) to be bouncing; to jump up and down; to throb, beat, or pulse (of pulse or heart) | -liq-1 vv +t/raq-1 vv

pigruq- (i) to bolt from a lying position and start fleeing; to leave on migration (of birds) | +ruq-2 vv

>pikak- (Nu) (i) to break through thin ice to breathe (of whale, seal); (t) to break it=thin ice to breathe (of whale, seal) | -ak-1 vv, rv

pikiaġaq- (i) to jump in and out of water (of fish, seal, etc.) | +iaq-5 vv +aq-1 vv

pikiaq- (i) to jump up suddenly and go out, bolt, run suddenly, rush out abruptly; (i) to gush out (of water) | +iaq-5 vv

pikirraqi- (Nu) (t) to rush out to her/him/it | perhaps +raq-1 vv ‘-qi- vv

(perhaps from *pikit- ??)

piksagaala- (i) to shatter flying in every direction; to bounce off when broken | +aq-1 vv -ala- vv

piksak- (i) to fly off, bounce off when broken | +sak- rv

piksaktit- (t) to cause it to fly off | +sak- rv (tit-1 vv

piksigaq- or piksikataq- (i) to jump, bounce repeatedly | perhaps +sIk-1 rv (aq-1 vv or -kataq- vv

>piksIk- (i) to fly off; to jump off after being snapped or broken; (i) to bounce off target; (i) to jump, hop; (i) to leave suddenly without preparation | perhaps +sIk-1 rv

*pIk2 (dem root) up there (restricted and visible) § rel. *pag-

pigña, dual pikkuak, pl pikkua (abs dem pron) that one up there (restricted and visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

pikanI (dem adv in loc) located up there (restricted and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

pikanIit- (i) to be located up there (restricted and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

pikaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from up there (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

pikaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction up there (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

pikaŋŋaq- (i) to come from up there (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

pikigua (Nu) (dem pron, uncommon) those up there, inland (restricted and visible)

pikka (dem adv) up there (restricted and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

piktuma or piksruma or pigruma, dual pikkuak , pl pikkua (dem rel pron) that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

piktumanI or piksrumanI or pigrumanI, dual pikkugnagni, pl pikkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

piktumaŋŋa or piksrumaŋŋa or pigrumaŋŋa, dual pikkugnaŋŋa, pl pikkunaŋŋa from that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

piktumatun or piksrumatun or pigrumatun, dual pikkugnaktun, pl pikkunatitun like that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

piktumiŋa or piksrumiŋa or pigrumiŋa, dual pikkugniŋa, pl pikkuniŋa that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

piktumuŋa or piksrumuŋa or pigrumuŋa, dual pikkugnuŋa, pl pikkunuŋa to that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

piktumuuna or piksrumuuna or pigrumuuna, dual pikkugnuuna, pl pikkunuuna via, with that one up there (restricted and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

pikuŋa (dem adv in term) to up there (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

pikuŋanmun towards up there (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +nmun (term)

ikuŋaq- (i) to go up there (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

pikuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of up there (restricted and visible) | uuna (dem via)

pikuunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of up there (restricted and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

pikałaktaq- (i) to do things carelessly; to be negligent (especially when angry) | -ktaq- vv

pikit- (i) to move constantly; to be unable to keep still

pikaala- (i) to writhe in pain; to move around constantly | -ala- vv

pikiut- (i) to find a bird’s nest with eggs or young

pikkaġi- (t) to be very fond of her/him/it | +[g]i-1 rv

pikniq (Nu) water grass (Scholochloa festucacea) § rel. nakaurat

piksrun shovel

piksrutaq- to shovel, dig (it) | +[t]aq-2 nv

pikuk three or four longest vertebrae near the neck; area across the shoulders; choice wolf ruff piece for woman, usually from below shoulders

pikukturuaq camel | +tu- nv +t/ruaq (part 3s)

pikusuk long bone at the shoulder; depression between shoulder blades; bump, hump behind moose’s head | -suk2 nn

pikuktuuq broad humped whitefish (Coregonus nasus) | +tuuq1 nn

pikuluk [ENG] pickle

pilit- (i) to release one’s hold or grip on something or someone; (t) to release one’s hold or grip on her/him/it

pillitchI- (i) to be unable to keep one’s eyes open

pilluaqi- (i) to have one’s belt work up above the pants | -qi- vv

pilluk- (i) to survive danger successfully; to escape death; to survive an illness or accident

pilluI- (i) to dislocate a joint | -I-7 vv

pilluktit- (t) to dislocate it=a joint, get it out of joint | (tit-1 vv

*pil,aaq (root) child care

pil,aaqtuaq- to care for, babysit (her/him=child) | +tuaq-1 vv

pil,aaqti or pil,aaqtuaqti babysitter, nanny | +t/ri3 vn

pil,aġaqutaq (Nu) heather (Cassiope) used for tinder, fire

pil,aIq- (i) to become tired

pil,aiġi- (t) to cause her/him/it to become tired, to tire her/him/it | -I-8 vv

pil,ak- to butcher (it=animal)

>pil,aaq- (Nu) (t) to butcher them=caribou feet, to remove them=hooves ?; (Ti) (i) to cut individual shares of meat from whale bones or from large shares of others (usu done by old people) | -aq-1 vv § see pil,ak- pil,aniaq-

pil,agraq piece of whale flipper given to boat crew (remaining piece after other shares are distributed) | -ksraq(-) vn

pil,aktuq- (t) to perform surgery on her/him/it @ pil,aktuI- | +tuq-2 vv

pil,aniaq- (i) to wait for the butchering of the whale to be finished and the captain of the crew that killed the whale to give the go ahead to clean out the bones | -niaq-3 vv

pil,aun large knife used for butchering | :un1 vn

pil,gu- (i) to be able to perform exceptionally well at a certain activity; to be able to face up well to a crisis or tragedy; (Nu) (i) to be strong, able, a fast runner | -lgu-1 vv § see pI(-)

pil,gutilaaq- (i) to do one’s best to compete; (t) to check, measure his/her/its ability to perform | -lgu-1 vv +tilaaq(-) vn, vv

pil,ġaq- to braid (it=rope, hair, seal intestines) @ pil,ġaI-

pil,ġaalik bow wound with braided sinew for extra strength | -aq3 vn -lik1 vn

pil,ġaraq something braided; braided sinew | -aq3 vn

pil,ġaġniQ line of eddies in ocean where two currents meet | +niQ vn

pil,ġaiyuk spider | -yuk(-) vv, vn

pil,ġayuuraq the small spiders that could hang with their webbing

*pil,ġa (root) finally

pil,ġatchI- to finally accomplish (it=task) no matter how long it took or how difficult it was § see pI(-) -tchI- vv

pil,ġatchuqtu- (i) to be slow all the time | -tchuqtu- vv

pil,ġusiq habit, customary activity | -lġun vn :Iq3 nn § see pI(-)

pil,iñġu- (i) to be unwilling to give up a possession; to covet a possession, especially that of a dead relative § see pI(-)

pil,l,uġIk- (i) to be cooperative; to take initiative; (t) to faithfully do it=task now; (t) to cause her/him to participate cooperatively | +[g]Ik- nv § see pI(-)

pil,uaq- (i) to reject someone as one’s own, or relative | =luaq-1 nv

pil,uk- (i) to be bad | +luk(-)1 vv, nv § see pI(-)

pil,ugi- (t) to not like her/him/it | +[g]i-1 vv

pil,ugirI one’s enemy, one who does not like one | +[g]i-1 vv +t/rI3 vn

pil,uksI- (i) to become bad; (t) to make it become bad | +sI-1 vv

pil,uku a reject | +luk(-)1 vv, nv -ku(-) vn, nv

pil,uun sin, wrongdoing | +luk(-)1 vv, nv :un1 vn

pil,uusiqi- (i) to sin | +luk(-)1 vv, nv :un1 vn ~Iqi1 nv

pil,uusiqirI sinner, wrongdoer | +luk(-)1 vv, nv :un1 vn =Iqi-1 nv +t/rI3 vn

pil,l,iqi- or >pił,ł,iqi- (i) to quarrel over something trivial § see pI(-)

*pimaq (root) affection

pimaaq- to claim (her/him/it) | -aq-1 rv

pimaaqtuq- to claim (her/him/it) as one’s own or relative | -aq-1 rv +tuq-2 vv

pimaġi- (t) to have great affection for her/him, therefore regard her/him as one’s own, or relative | +[g]i-1 rv

pimiulugi- (t) to refuse to include her/him in one’s group for a personal reason @ pimiulukłIq-

>pinŋuI- (i) to get a dislocated joint, also of a knife [?]

piñaqutigi- (t) to give it away; make it available § see pI(-)

piñatchiaq- (i) to be slow; to do something at leisure; to wait until the last minute to do something |

piñauk- (Ti) to smooth, rub (it) with a file § rel. agIk-

piñiaq- (Ti) (i) to hunt | +niaq(-)2 vv § see pI(-)

piñialgu- (i) to be a good provider, hunter | +niaq(-)2 vv -lgu-1 vv

piñiałhama- (i) to try to do or get more than anyone else | +niaq(-)2 vv -łhama- vv

piñiaqti provider | +niaq(-)2 vv

piñiġaq short waterproof summer boot

piñiġli- (i) to be startled and run away; (t) to startle it=game animal and let it run away, get away

piñiQ insole

piññIq- (i) to put insoles in one’s boots; (t) to put insoles in her/his boots | ‘=Iq-1 nv

piñiun (Ti,Nu) trap, net, device for catching a game animal § see pI(-)

piñiusIq- (Ti) (i) to set a trap, net; (t) to set a trap, net for it | ~Iq-1 nv § see pI(-)

piñña (Nu) (dem pron or adv) upriver ?

*piññaq (root) pleasing, beautiful

piññaġi- (t) to find it pleasing, beautiful, good; to like her/him | +[g]i-1 rv

piññaġnaq- (i) to be pretty, beautiful, pleasing to the eye, precious | +[g]i-1 rv +naq-1 vv

piññak- (i) to acquire, win something | -nnak- nv § see pI(-)

piññaktaaq something won, acquired | -nnak- nv +taaq3 vn

piñŋunaq- (i) to be tiresome | -nŋu- vv +naq-1 vv § see pI(-)

piñŋuq- (i) to fold (of knife blade)

piñŋuqtit- (t) to fold it=knife blade | (tit-1 vv

piñŋuqtaq jackknife, folding knife, pocket knife | +t/raq3 vn

piŋa- (i) to sulk because one is envious; show jealousy of another, resentment § rel. tusu-, niŋaq-

piŋalu (Ti) small bowl; (Nu) burl on tree | lu(q)2 n

piŋaluaq (Ti) big wooden dish, pan | +luaq2 nn § rel. piqtalik

piŋasut three

piŋasuit three sets | :It (pl mkr)

piŋasukipiaq sixty | -kipiaq

piŋasukipiaq qulit seventy | -kipiaq

Piŋasuŋŋuq- to be Wednesday | -ŋŋuq-2 nv

PiŋatchiġñiQ Wednesday | ‘=Iq-1 nv +niQ1 vn

PiŋatchIq- (i) to be Wednesday (3p ending is used) / Piŋatchiġmata kasimasuurugut we have our meetings on Wednesday; Piŋatchiqsugut it is Wednesday [lit. “we are provided with the third day”] | ‘=Iq-1 nv

piŋayuġalik polar bear with three cubs | perhaps -ġaq n -lik1 nn

piŋayuġaq a third | perhaps –yuq2 nn ??

piŋayuq a third one | perhaps -yuq2 nn

piŋayuqqat three polar bears in a group | -yuġaq n ‘-t (pl mkr)

piŋigi- (t) to worry about her/his safety @ piŋiksraq-

piŋniQ cache of food made by mice

piŋŋaaq- (i) to unknowingly pass by each other [?]

>piŋu- (i) to go out

piŋu(-) mound, knoll, dome, isolated hill; pimple, swelling on skin,; swell (crestless wave or succession of waves); (i) to develop a pimple; to swell (of ocean) § rel. uŋil,ak-, uŋŋi-

Piŋu a prominent landmark [where?]

piŋuktaaq small mound isolated in flat area

piŋuluk cliff

piŋuptanaaq (Nu) mound, knoll | -ptaq n -naaq3 nn

piŋuptaq (Nu) small rounded hill, not rocky | -ptaq n

piŋuyaq pimple | -yaq nn

piŋuyaqtuq- (Nu) (i) to have pimples | -yaq nn +tuq-2 nv

piŋuyyaq (Ti) itchy allergic type bump or pimple | -yyaq1 n

piŋuyaq ringworm | -yaq nn

pipasaġiŋIt- (t) to not think much of her/him/it | -pasaq- nn +[g]i-1 nv (ŋIt-1 vv

pipasaŋIt- (i) to not get enough, much | -pasaq- (ŋIt- vv

pipika- (i) to be energetic, spry, lively

pipikaIt- (i) to be slow, sluggish | :It-1 vdv

pipsukaq- (i) to have a close call; (t) to just miss, barely miss it (e.g. an animal in hunting) § see pivsukaq-

*piq- (root) a bend § rel. piġit-

piqsaq- (i) to bend the body while sounding (of whale) | (saq-3 nv

piqta point at which a line bends down at an angle (as along the edge of a cliff, corner of house, etc.); outside siding (of house, boat); wall; side of cliff, house, etc. | +ta rn

piqtalik large wooden bucket with the wall of the bucket fitted into a grooved base (often for carrying maktak from ice cellar, and can be packed on back; rounder and deeper than piŋaluaq) | +ta rn -lik1 nn § rel. piŋaluaq

piqtalIq- (t) to put siding on it=house | +ta rn -lIq-1 nv

>piqtalugiu- (i) to bend its body as it sounds (of whale); to bend (it=metal); (i) to make a fishhook

piqtiġun (Nu) one of a number of small holes, e.g. in handle of mitlik, used to bend fishhooks

piqtiq- (t) to bend it=wood (as for sled runner or frame) @ piqtiqsI- | +tiq-1 rv

piquaq- (i) to bend the body when diving (of bearded seal) | +uaq-1 rv

piquniQ mound formed by pressure from below; place where river ice over deep water is pushed up so that it cracks and water flows through | +niQ1 rn

piqaluyak large chunk of freshwater ice from river, good for drinking water

piqsIq(-) wet snow storm; (i) to be stormy with wet blowing snow in the air § rel. misulik, nivil,uk

piqsiġuq- (i) to become windy and wet with snow and rain mixing | +uq-1 nv

piqu- (Nu) (i) to be pushed up and cracked by pressure from below (of ice)

piraġausiq custom | +raġaq-1 vv- :usIq vn § see pI(-)

piraksraq task, something to be done | +t/raksraq nn§ see pI(-)

piraksrII- (i) to assign tasks; to identify tasks to be done | +t/raksraq nn ‘=Iq-1 nv -I-6 nv

piraksrIq-, (Ti) piragriq- (t) to assign, give her/him/it a task | +t/raksaq nn ‘=Iq-1 nv § see pI(-)

piraksriqsat committee | +t/ri3 vn -ksraq- nv (taaq3 vn § rel. pI(-)

piraksriun regulation | +t/raksraq nn ‘=Iq-1 nv :un1 vn § rel. tuvraaksraq

pirik- (i) to jump down quickly from something; to get off quickly; (Nu) (i) to go down to the river § rel. nautkiaq-, pikiaq-

piriksaaq- (Nu) (i) to go down to the river | +saaq-1 vv

>piruaq- or piruaqtiq- (Ti) to move down to the beach in late June for bearded seal hunting § rel. taġiuqtiq-

*piruġaq (root) down coast | =ruġaq vn

piruġaaq- (i) to travel down coast in a southwest direction ? | =ruġaq vn -aq-9 nv

piruġaġnaq ocean current flowing from northeast out to sea | =ruġaq vn +naq3 rn § rel. qaisaġnaq

piruġaġnIq- (i) to flow from northeast out to sea (of ocean current) | =ruġaq vn +nIq-3 nv

*pirraq (root) capability

pirraġIk- (i) to be dexterous; to do something easily; to be graceful | +[g]Ik- nv

pirraġiksI- to be rejuvenated (after an illness)

pirraġluk- to do (it) wrong in spite of efforts to do (it) right | +luk(-)1 vv, vv

>pirruqsruq- (t) [?]

pirullIq (Ti) male spectacled eider § rel. qaugak, mitiq, qiŋalik, qavaasuk

pisallakani- (i) to catch oneself doing or saying something unexpectedly § see pI(-)

pisaq- (i) to do something deliberately; (t) to do something to her/him/it deliberately | perhaps +saq-2 vv § see pI(-)

pisaaġi- (i) to do on purpose, intentionally; (t) to do something to her/him/it on purpose, intentionally | +saq-2 vv -aq3 vn +[g]i-1 nv § see pI(-)

pisaaŋa- (i) to hint at an action; to be malicious, mean, cruel; (t) to hint at her/him trying to influence her/him or trying to tell her/him something; (t) to be malicious, mean, cruel to her/him/it | +saq-2 vv -a-2 vv (ŋa- vv

pisaaŋati- (t) to be mean, cruel to her/him | +saq-2 vv -a-2 vv (ŋa- vv ‘ti-2 vv

pisaasuġmiaq- (i) to use sly tactics to get what one wants; to do something in a cunning and sly manner; (t) to deceive her/him/it by trickery; to bribe her/him | +saq-2 vv -a-2 vv +suq-1 vv +miaq(-) vv

pisaasuq- or pisaasuu- (i) to be cunning, sly; (Ti) (i) to be good at something | +saq-2 vv -a-2 vv +suq-1 vv

pisaayugaq- to tease (her/him) | +saq-2 vv -aq3 vn perhaps -yugaq- vv

pisaġi- (t) to kill it=animal | -saq2 vv +[g]i-1 nv

pisatilaaq- to try with all one’s might or ability to accomplish (it=task) | -saq-2 vv +tilaaq(-) vv, vn

pisaunnaq habit | perhaps -saq-2 vv :unnaq vn

pisaqquq- or piyaqquq- (i) to have an accident; to be injured in an accident

pisi- (t) to do something for her/him in her/his stead | ‘ti-2 vv

pisik- (t) to hit her/him/it with an arrow or a bullet; to shoot her/him/it

pisiksaq- (i) to shoot an arrow; to fire a gun; (t) to shoot, fire at her/him/it | +saq-3 vv

pisiksI an archer’s bow | ‘t/ri1 vn

pisiksiġaq small bow used to operate drill; any small bow | ‘t/ri1 vn [ġ]aq3 nv

pisiksiġauraq small bow | ‘t/ri1 vn +[ġ]aq3 nn :uraq(-) vv, nn

pisiksil,iunnaġi- (t) to like using it to make a bow | ‘t/ri1 vn -liuq- nv -nnaq2 vn +[g]i- nv

pisiksisaq or pisiksitchak arrow quiver; bow sheath; (Nu) large quiver which holds arrows and bow; (Nu) part of caribou intestine (whose shape resembles an arrow quiver) | ‘t/ri1 vn +saq7 nn

pisiksisauraq (Nu) small bag for cartridges, ammunition | ‘t/ri1 vn -saq7 nn :uraq(-) nn, vv § rel. satkuun

pisiksuġaq(-) target; (i) to shoot at a target; (t) to shoot at it=target | +suġaq- vv

pisiktaŋŋuaq- (Nu) (i) to play the “mitten game” where children throw fur mittens turned inside-out at each other | +t/raq-1 vv -ŋŋuaq(-) vv, nn

pisiktuġaq(-) cocked gun set out on sea ice to shoot at polar bear when it disturbs bait, or set in a seal’s breathing hole; (i) to be shot by a cocked gun set out with bait | +tuġaq(-) vv, vn

??pisuġuIq- (i) to be satisfied, satiated | +tuq-3 nv +[g]uIq- vv § see pI(-)

pisuk- (Nu) (i) to walk § rel. pisuaq-, pisukataq-

pisuapaktaq- (i) to limp | -aq-1 vv –paktaq- vv

pisuaq- (i) to walk; (t) to walk it=distance | -aq-1 vv

pisuaqpagaaq- (i) to strut, walking with a pompous and affected air

pisuaqtuaq- (i) to take a stroll, take a long leisurely walk | -aq-1 vv +tuaq-1 vv

pisuġaluk- (i) to walk around, pace | perhaps -ġak- vv -luk-3 vv

pisukataaq(-) (Nu) an animal that walks upright (e.g. bear, human); (i) to walk leisurely to a destination although other modes of transportation are available | -kataq(-) vv, vn (aq3 vn

pisukataq- or (Ti) pisuu- (i) to walk rather than use some other mode of transport | -kataq(-) vv, vn or -u-3 vv

pisukkaaq fox; (Ti) white fox; prey | +kaaq2 vn

pisukti medium-sized fur-bearing game animal, predator (e.g. wolf) | +t/ri1 vn

pisuktit- (i) to kill a medium-sized fur-bearing game animal | +t/ri1 vn +t-2 nv

pisuktit unipkaat (Nu) beast fable, animal story ? | +t/ri1 vn -t (pl mkr)

pitchuuq- (i) to trot (of animal) | ‘.-q-1 vv

pitak- (i) to have a hole; (t) to make a hole in it § rel. putu(-)

pitaaq- (i) to be full of holes; (t) to make holes in it | -aq-1 vv

>pitaq- (Nu) (t) to get a hole in it=ice

pittaq hole in ice which forms naturally (as from air escaping, or fishing hole) | ‘-Q3 vn

pitchaliuġun (Ti) [ENG picture] camera | -liuq- nv :un1 vn § rel. qiñiġaun, pitchaliun

pitchaliuti- (Ti) (t) to take its picture @ pitchaliurrI-

pitchiġiaq- (i) to be easy to deal with; to be easily done; to be willing | +[t]siġiaq- vv § see pI(-)

pitchiġIIt- (i) to be stubborn, hard to deal with; (i) to be hard to move | +[t]siġiaq- vv =It-1 vdv

pitchiġiiyaq- (i) to get locked; (t) to lock it | +[t]siġiaq- vv =Iyaq- vdv

pitchiġiiyaun key, lock | +[t]siġiaq- vv =Iyaq- vdv :un1 vn | syn. agmaun, kiluutchaq

pitchuq- or pitchIk- (i) to be a good hunter | +tchIk- vv

pitiŋiq- (Ti) (i) to scoop slush ice from a fishing hole; (t) to scoop slush ice from it=fishing hole | mitiŋiq-

pitiŋiun (Ti) scoop for removing slush ice from fishing hole | :un1 vn

pitl,uk- (Nu) (t) to cross it=river § see pilluk-

pitqIk- (i) to cheat, be devious; (t) to cheat on her/him | -tqIk-2 vv § see pI(-)

pitqiksiġaq- (i) to do something secretly, dishonestly | -tqIk- vv +siġaq-2 vv

pitqu- (t) to tell (subj in term) to take her/him/it; to tell (subj in term) do it=activity / savik pitqugaa aŋutaiyaamun she told the boy to get the knife; aġnam savaqugaa qamutini aŋunmun the woman told the man to work on her (own) car | -[t]qu- vv see pI(-)

pitqun request | -[t]qu- vv ‘n1 vn

pitquraq law; commandment | -[t]qu- vv +t/raq3 vn

pitqurauraq by law, ordinance | -[t]qu- vv +t/raq3 vn :uraq(-) nn, vv

pitqusaaq- (t) to entice, tempt her/him | -[t]qu- vv +saaq-2 vv § rel. pisuksaaq-

pitqusiq habit, characteristic way of doing something | +sIq3 vn

pitqusiġIIt- (i) to have bad habits | -[t]qu- vv +siq3 vn +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vdv

pitqusiksraIt- (i) to act, be confused | -[t]qu- vv -ksraq(-) nn, nv :It-1 nv § rel. qanuqsausIIt-

pituk(-) chain (t) to tie, chain her/him/it to a stake, pole; to connect it=house to electricity or sewer system @ pituksI-

pituġaq- (i) to arrive at a body of water after or during a journey of some distance; to travel down to the coast; to go out to a lead, an open body of water next to ice edge | -ġaq-6 vv

pituġaaq- (Nu) (i) to go down to the shore, coming from inland | -ġaq-6 vv -aq-1 vv

pittuQ wooden piece of boat to which rope is attached | ‘-Q3 vn

pittuqun something attached to another thing | ‘-qun vn

pituIt- (i) to be loose, untied (esp. of dogs) | :It-1 vdv

pituqqiq (Ti) flat place on landlocked ice where whaling camp can be set up | perhaps -qqIq vn

pituqqich path or trail leading to an open lead on rough shore ice | -qqIq vn –t (pl mkr)

pituutaq rope to attach something | :utaq1 vn

pituutat chain | :utaq1 vn -t (pl mkr)

>pityaq- (Nu) (i) to rush, hurry to something; (t) to rush, hurry to it to do something

piu- to be “it”; to be the one | :u-2 nv § see pI(-)

piugauraq food that is set aside for special occasions or for someone special

piun possession | :u-2 nv ‘n1 vn

piunġIq- (i) to become useless, worthless; become angry, irrational; (t) to render her/him/it useless, worthless, irrational | :u-2 nv +niQ1 vn :Iq-2 nv § see +nġIq- vv

piunialait- (i) to be retiring, not assertive, meek | :u-2 nv +niala- vv :It-1 vv

piuŋaiq- (i) to become useless | :u-2 nv (ŋaIq- vv § rel. atuŋaiq-

piuŋil,aq nothing, something of no value | :u-2 nv (ŋil,aq vn

piuŋŋuaq- (i) to play-act, pretend; (t) to pretend to do it=activity | :u-2 nv (ŋŋuaq- vv

piutuġnIq- (i) to last long, be durable | :u-2 nv +tuq-2 vv +nIq-3 vv

piuġaq (Nu) yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava)

piuġavik (Nu) water pipit (Anthus spinaletta)

piuqtuq- (i) to paddle toward something; (t) to paddle toward it

piuraaq(-) toy; (i) to play | :uraaq(-)1 vv, nn § see pI(-)

piuraaġi- (t) to play, toy with her/him/it | :uraaq(-)1 vv, nn +[g]i-1 vv

piurraaq- (i) to now have a broken part; (t) to break some part of it |

piviksraiq- to run out of time | +vIk vn -ksraq(-)1 nn, vv :It-2 nv § see pI(-)

pivallak- (i) to regain health after illness; to regain weight after growing thin § rel. nakuuqsI-

*pivik- (root) ?? optimal

piviksaq or pivignIq best part | perhaps +saq5 vn or +nIq vn

piviksuq- (i) to be kind, treat people well | +suq-1 vv § rel. iñugIk- under iñuk

piviuttaġi- (t) to like her/him/it a lot | -uttaq rn +[g]i-1 nv

piviuttak- (i) to show appreciation | -uttaq rn -k-3 nv

piviuttaqqun love | -uttaq rn +[g]i-1 nv ‘~n1 vn

pivsI dried fish

pivsiraq small dried whitefish | perhaps +raq1

pivsukaq- (i) to barely, narrowly escape death, danger; (t) to barely miss hurting her/him/it

*piyaaq (root) item mistreated

piyaaġi- (t) to treat her/him/it roughly, badly | +aq4 rn +[g]i-1 nv

piyaaqun something that is used to threaten somebody | -qun rn

*piyag (root) waning in strength ?

piyagniuq- (i) to be barely alive, be dying | (nniuq- rv

piyaġittuq- (i) to wane and rise later than usual, to fall lower, come around more slowly (of moon) | +[ġ]it- rv? +tuq-2 vv

piyaqquq- or pisaqquq- (i) to have an accident, be injured in an accident | syn. kuttaq-

piyaqquġvIk scene or time of accident | +vIk1 vn

piyugaq- (i) to stalk an animal; to approach a sea mammal by crawling | -yugaq- vv

§ rel. auq- § see pI(-)

piyuk- or piyuaq- (t) to beat her/him/it up, manhandle her/him/it; (t) to abuse her/him/it verbally; (t) try to kill her/him/it @ piyukłIq-, piyuaqłIq- | -aq-1 vv :kłIq-1 vv

piyuaġniQ bruise; one who has been violently abused, beaten | -aq-1 vv +niQ1 vn

piyuksIq- or piyuaqsIq- (i) to not offer any resistance to abuse one is receiving; (t) to allow her/him/it to be abused | +[t]sIq- vv

piyumisuuti- (i) to confront each other aggressively | -mi-3 r -suk-3 vv -uti-2 vv

piyuumigi- (t) to actively seek to harm her/him/it, menace her/him/it, be ill-intentioned toward her/him/it | perhap -u-3 vv -migi- vv

piyuumikkiuti- (t) to decide to face, confront her/him/it | perhaps -u-3 vv -migi- vv ‘-uti-2 vv

piyuuti- (i) to abuse each other | :uti-2 vv

piyyuQ one that has been abused | ‘-Q4 vn

*piyumi (root) willingness § rel. piyuma-

>piyumikitchak- (Nu) (i) to become eager to go, grow eager to go

piyumisuk- (Nu) (i) to want to leave, go, be eager, raring to go | -suk-3 rv

piyumitchak- (Nu) (i) to begin to want to leave | -tchak- vv

piyumitchuqtu- (Nu) (i) to really hope | ‘-qtu- vv

*piyu (root) a challenge

piyuuti- (i) to challenge each other, as in a race | -uti-2 vv

piyuutraq- (Nu) (i) to run a race | -urraq(-) vv, vn

*pu (root) moisture

pulauq- (i) to soak (it=leather) | perhaps ~laq-2 vv :uq-2 vv

putchII- (i) to lay moistened skin out overnight | +[t]sIq- vv -I-6 vv

putchimaallaktitchaq- (t) to store it=moistened skin for a short time | +[t]sIq- vv -ma-1 vv -aq-1 vv -llak-2 vv (tit- vv +saq-3 vv

putchimapkavsaaq- (t) to store it=moistened skin for a longer period of time | +[t]sIq- vv -ma-1 vv +pkaq- vv -vsaaq- vv

putchIq- (t) to moisten it=skin and leave it overnight before tanning | +[t]sIq- vv

puala- (Ti) (i) to do a common dance

pualla- (Nu) (i) to dance

pualġiñ shovel § rel. piksrun, iqagaun

pualuk pair of trail mittens with fur outside | -k (dual mkr)

pualuuraq white flower of cottongrass | :uraq1 nn

puggutaq cooking pot, pan

puggutauraq plate | :uraq1 nn

puggutauriqi- (i) to wash dishes | :uraq1 nn =Iqi-1 nv

puggutchiqi- (i) to wash dishes | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

puġrak (Ti) slush ice § rel. muġałłIq

pui- (i) to emerge, surface

puigaq- (i) to surface repeatedly (of sea mammal); to jump (of fish); to swim on surface | +aq-1 vv

puil,a- (i) to rise to the surface (of liquid) | -la- vv

puiñiQ fat which rises to the top of cooking broth | +niQ vn

puiññI- (i) to save fat skimmed from soup | +niQ vn ‘=I-1 nv

>puiruq- (Nu) to kill (it=surfacing seal) | +ruq-2 vv

puiyaq- (Ti) (i) to surface repeatedly (of sea creature) | +aq-1 vv

puiyaqpaŋŋuuq (Ti) (cry) announcing the first whale sighted of season

puiyuil,aaq (Ti) sea animal which never surfaces, (e.g. some fish) | -yuIt- vv =Ilaaq vn

puiguq- to forget (her/him/it) § see piiguq- § rel. puuguq-

*puk1 (root) surface depth

pukkIt- (i) to ride low in water (of boat); to be low (of elevation); to be shallow (of container) | -kIt- rv

pukłI- (i) to be riding low in water (of boat); be lower; (t) to lower its sides | -kłI-1 vv

pukta- (i) to be afloat | +ta-1 rv | rel pupta-

puktaaq iceberg | +ta-1 rv (aq3 vn

puktaġun net float, buoy | +ta-1 rv -ġun nn, vn

puktakkaq- (i) to float to the surface of water; to wax (of moon) | +ta-1 rv -kkaq- vv

puktallak- (i) to float to the surface of water; to rise higher each day (of sun, after solstice) | +ta-1 rv +q-7 vv -llak-1 vv

puktan swim bladder (of fish) | +ta-2 rv ‘-n1 vn

puktaq- (i) to float to the surface | +ta-1 rv +q-7 vv

puktaraġaq darting gun (when it detaches from the harpoon, one makes sure that the wood can make the darting gun float); something which floats | +ta-1 rv -raġaq2 vn

*puk2 (root) bending action

pukuaq something gathered | uk(-)2 vv, vn (aq3 vn

pukuk- to stoop over and pick (them); to choose (them) | -uk(-)2 vv, vn

pukak granular snow found under hard packed snow, good for melting into water § see nil,ak

pukagralaaq small pieces of clear scales in fish | +rak- nv –laaq3 vn § rel. sikuġralaaq

pukagriŋa- (i) to be granular | +rI- rv (ŋa- vv

pukIk white belly fur of caribou

pukIt- (t) to pick her/him/it up @ pukitchI-

pukkuq(-) mortise, foundation sill notch; hole in sled runner for upright pieces; (t) to cut or make a mortise in it; to make holes in top of it=sled runner for upright pieces

puksiññaq- (i) to die suddenly, instantly

puksripak Afro-American; black person § see taaqsipak

puktit- (Ti) (i) to get puffy (of eyes) § see puptit-

pula- (i) to be eclipsed (of sun or moon)

*pula (root) visiting

pulaaq- (i) to go out visiting | +aq-1 vv

pulasaq- (i) to visit one’s snares, traps; (t) to visit, check them=snares, traps | +saq-0 rv

puliġuq- (i) to fall asleep soundly | perhaps -[ġ]uq-3 rv

puliġuŋa- (i) to sleep soundly | perhaps -[ġ]uq-1 rv (ŋa- vv

>pułallak- (i) to fall asleep while leaning over something?

pummIq- (i) to hold one’s mouth closed, lips sealed § rel. ipummIq-, upummIq-

punniQ bread (with yeast) | +niQ vn

punniġuraq (Ti) communion wafer or bread | +niQ1 vn :uraq1 nn

punniksraq bread dough | +niQ1 vn -ksraq(-)1 nn, vv

punnilivIk loaf pan; oven | +niQ1 vn -lI-1 nv +vIk1 vn

pupIk(-) itchy rash; itchy spots; scabies; (i) to have an itch, rash

*pup (root) swelling

pupsaq- (Ti) to rise (of bread dough) / pupsaqtuq or pupsaġaa the bread dough is rising | (saq-3 rv, vv § see puvlak(-)

pupsaun (Ti) baking powder | (saq-3 rv, vv :un1 vv § see puvlagulaun

puptit- (i) to get puffy (of eyes) | perhaps +tit-3 vv

puvviaqtuuq pectoral sandpiper (Erolia melanotos); buff- breasted sandpiper (Trybgites subruficollis) | -viaq2 nn, rn +tuuq1 nn

puvviaqtuuyaaq Baird’s sandpiper (Erolia bairdii) | -viaq2 nn, rn +tuuq1 nn

pupipsuk- (i) to squeak (like a lemming or ermine); (i) to whistle (of bird); (t) to make the squeaking sound of a lemming or ermine to it=animal, usually a fox in order to lure it | -suk- nv

pupta- (i) to be floating § rel. pukta- under *puk1

puqIk- (i) to be smart, quick to learn § rel. ilitchiya-

puqłaq- (t) to put it=dead bird in boiling water to partially cook the skin to make it easier to remove feathers

purruq hole worn in boot sole § see putu(-)

puruuq [ENG] prune

*pusi (root) face down position

pusikaq- (i) to fall forward | -kaq- vv

pusiŋa- (i) to lie with buttocks up in the air | (ŋa- vv

pusit- (i) to turn over with face down; (t) to turn it over with face down; to turn it upside down @ pusitchI- | -t-2 vv

pusiuraq [ENG pussycat] cat | :uraq1 nn

put- (i) to bow, kneel, bend over, crouch, stoop | +t-2 vv

>pułallak- (i) to fall asleep while leaning over something

punŋa- (i) to sit, stand or crouch with head bent; to stoop | +t-2 vv (ŋa- vv

punŋayuuq- (i) to walk bent over, as a hunter stalking game | +t-2 vv (ŋa- vv -yuuq- vv

punŋuqsruq- (i) to keep the head lowered when one is feeling sad, dissatisfied, shameful | +t-2 vv +ŋuq-2 vv (qsruq-2 vv

punŋuuq- (i) to walk with head bowed | +t-2 vv +ŋuuq-2 vv

puuk- (i) to become bent with age; (Ti) (i) to fall over from a stroke, fainting, etc.

puukaq- (i) to fall forward, stumble | -kaq- vv

putchuala- (i) to smoke, make smoke § see puyuq

putu(-) hole, puncture, perforation; (t) to perforate, pierce it, make a hole through it; (Ti) (i) to get a hole in one’s sole @ puturI-, putusI- § rel. qil,aiq-

purruQ hole worn in boot sole | =ruQ(-)1 nn, vv § rel. qil,aiġñiQ, aŋŋik

putruq- (Nu) (i) to be worn out, have holes (of clothing, boats) | =ruq(-)1 nn, nv

puttun or putuliuġun piercing tool, awl | ‘-n1 vn -liuq- nv :un1 vn

puttuqsrI- (i) to understand, comprehend, realize; (t) to understand, comprehend it | ‘-qsrI- nv

putulik- (t) to tell it=story in fragments sequentially / putulikługu quliaqtuaġnialaruŋa puiguqługu I am telling the story in fragments because I have forgotten it | -lik-2 nv

puturaq- (i) to swoop down when nearing nest (of bird) | +t/raq-1 vv § rel. nivi-

putuguq big toe | +guq2 rn

putuguqsiuyuk stag beetle [Rainey 1937 p 252-3 ‘The day after the qalleys were closed, the umeliks and their wives went down to Nuwuk, the end of the Point Hope. But before returning, each couple found a small creature (putuguksiuaq) about as big as one’s thumb, with legs and a shell, which they placed with its head towards the land in a little tent made of ice.’] | +guq2 rn +siuq-1 nv -yuk(-)1 vn, vv

putukkIt- (i) to stumble | -kkIt- vv

putukkuaq- (i) to stub one’s toe | ‘-aq-3 nv

putukkumiraq- (i) to walk on tiptoe | ‘-miraq-2 vv

putukiiłuk American water pipit (Anthus spinoletta); Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus)

putukiiłukpak Smith’s longspur (Calcarius pictus)

putukiułuk (Nu) Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus)

putuŋŋiaq bearded seal or seal skin loop sewn between sole and body of boot through which tie strings are attached | +ŋŋIQ2 nn -aq6 nn

putyugiak (Nu) snowshoes with pointed tips § see puyyugiaq

putyuutchiak or putyuutchaak (Nu) constellation of two stars

puuguq- (Ti) to forget (her/him/it) § see piiguq-, puiguq-

puuġuq (Ti) blown bladder sac hung in qargi and burnt in spring before whaling; container

puumit- (i) to swim | -mit rv

puuvraaq- (i) to play in water, swimming | =raaq-1 vv

puuvraq- (i) to swim (of human) | perhaps =raq-4 vv

puuvrI- (t) to chase it=animal into water in a hunt | =rI-3 vv

puuvruq- (i) to swim with nose above water (as polar bear); (i) to swim on surface of water; to move slowly on surface of water | =ruq-2 vv

puguq(-) seal-skin poke, container, sac, covering (e.g. young grass leaf covering stem); top edge of boot where drawstring is inserted; (i) to be wrapped now; (t) to wrap it; (Ti) to bandage her/him/it @ puuqsI-

puggutaq cooking pot, pan | ‘utaq1 vn

puggutauraq plate | :uraq1 nn

puggutauriqi- (i) to wash dishes | :uraq1 nn =Iqi-1 nv

puggutchiqi- (i) to wash dishes | ’=Iqi-1 nv

puugutaq (Ti) dish pan | -utaq1 vn § rel. puggutaq

puugutchiqi- (Ti) (i) to wash dishes | -utaq1 vn ‘=Iqi-1 nv

puuġriñġaQ backpack, bag used to carry hunting equipment, dog chains, etc.; sled bag | +ġrI- nv -nġaq1 vn

puuġruaq old seal-skin poke | +ġruaq1 nn

puuġu (Nu) wolf net | +ġu nn

puuġuaq(-) net for catching medium-sized birds; (t) to use a net to catch it=ptarmigan on land | +ġu nn -aq-8 nv

puuġutuq- (i) to use a wolf net / puuġutuqtut iñuich amaqqunun they are using nets to capture the wolves | +ġu nn +tuq- nv

puukataq sack, large bag, (traditionally) a seal-skin bag for storage of clothes | -kataq2 nn

puukatauraq purse, handbag | -kataq2 nn :uraq1 nn

puukatchI- (i) to make ready a sack of things for a trip; (t) to pack for her/him | -kataq2 nn ‘=I-1 nv

puuksraak sleeping bag | -ksraq(-)1 nn -k (dual mkr)

puuksraq envelope, wrapper, paper bag, seal-skin bag; (Nu) group of five stars | -ksraq(-)1 nn

puuku used sack; something left over after its contents have been removed | -ku(-) nn

puuq constellation Cetus (the whale) [lit “seal-skin bag”]

puuqtaluk(-) or puuqtałuk(-) person dressed up as part of a game; Halloween; (Ti) spirit of ghost which appears in the form of a person; (i) to dress in a funny or scary costume; to celebrate Halloween | +t/raq3 vn -luk(-)3 vn, vv

puuvraq- (i) to swim (of human) | perhaps =raq-5 vv

puuvsaq- (t) to kill it=wounded animal @ puuvsaI-

puuvsI- (Ti) (i) to take a nap § rel. siqutqiksuuraq-

puvak lung; (Nu) interior cavity of sheep horn

puvagraaq (Ti) beluga or seal lung | +raaq3 nn

puvala- (i) to be fat and round § rel. quiñI-

puvitquq- (t) to be bleached white (of caribou skin); to get frostbitten § rel. qataak-

puvitqusiaq fur or cloth dried by freezing | (aq3 vn

puvitquqtaq something dried and bleached by weather | +t/raq3 vn

puvitquqtit- (i) to get frostbitten from grabbing something cold; (t) to cause her/him/it to get frostbitten | (tit-1 vv

puvipsuk- (i) to make a squeaking or kissing noise with the lips (of mouse, ermine or hunter trying to attract a fox); (i) to whistle (of birds); (t) to make a squeaking or kissing noise at it

*puv (root) air cavity/space ? | rel *puk, *pup

puvIq- (i) to be now inflated; (t) to inflate it @ puviqsI- | =Iq-1 rv

puviaq bird’s crop, puffed out chest of walrus; little bay, bight, inlet | =Iq-1 rv (aq3 vn

puviatchiaq ptarmigan’s crop | =Iq-1 rv (aq3 vn -tchiaq3 nn

puviġaaq balloon; swim bladder | =Iq-1 rv +aq-1 vv (aq3 vn § rel. puviuraaq(-)

puviiq- (i) to deflate; (t) to deflate it | =Iq-1 rv :Iq-2 vdv

puvil,iñ ring of wood or bone placed in navel of seal skin, through which skin is inflated as a float | =Iq-1 rv -liñ vn

puviqsiñ (Nu) bellows | =Iq-1 rv +sI-3 vv ‘-n1 vn § rel. puviun

puviun bellows, air pump | =Iq-1 rv :un1 vn

puviuraaq or (Ti) puviuraagraq balloon | =Iq-1 rv :uraaq2 vn

puviutaq(-) ivory piece used to blow through to inflate seal poke float; cork stopper | =Iq-1 rv -utaq(-) vv vn

puvviaqtuuq pectoral sandpiper (Erolia melanotos); buff-breasted sandpiper (Trybgites subruficollis) | +viaq2 nn, rn +tuuq1 nn § rel. aiviqirak

puvviaqtuuyaaq Baird’s sandpiper (Erolia bairdii) | +viaq2 nn, rn +tuuq1 nn –ayaaq1 nn

puvit- (i) to become swollen | =It-3 rv

puvla(q) air bubble; gas or air in something inflated; (Ti) a light stone (pumice) | -laq1 rv

puvlak- (i) to rise (of bread dough); to bubble up; to become sour, developing gas bubbles (of food); to spout (of whale); to have gas from indigestion | -lak-1vv

puvlagulaun or (Ti) pupsaun baking powder

puvlaksiaq sourdough, bread sponge; bread dough set aside to rise

puvlaqtuula- (i) to make bubbles underwater | -laq-2 rv +tuula-vv

puvlauraq light bulb | -laq1 rv -uraq1 nn

puvlIq- (i) to become swollen with air | -lIq-3 vv

puvliqi- (i) to suffer from excess gas in stomach

puvlaq- (i) to be frightened away by a smell (e.g. of animals by people); (t) to frighten it=animal away by a smell | -laq-2 rv

puvlaq choice wolf skin piece | ~laq1 vn § rel. puyuġaq

puvruk bubbles | +rruk rn, nn

puya grime, dirt, sticky oil, blubber used to waterproof skin-boat seams

puyat- or puyyak- (i) to become dirty, grimy; (t) to make it grimy with dirt | +t-2 nv ‘-k-2 nv

puyau- (i) to be soiled, dirty, grimy | :u-3 nv

puyauq- to become dried and sticky (of oil) | perhaps +uq-1 nv

>puyuġaq belly skin of wolf (used for ruff) | +[ġ]aq2 nn

puyuq(-) smoke from chimney; (i) to smoke, make smoke

putchuala- (i) to smoke, make smoke | ‘-ala- vv

putchuallak- (i) to become intense (of smoke) | ‘-ala- vv ‘-k-2 vv

puyuala- or putchuala- (i) to make steam or smoke | -ala- vv

puyuuġvIk or (Ti, Nu) puyuġvIk stovepipe, chimney | :uq-2 vv +vIk1 vv

puyuuq- (i) to smoke (of fire or chimney) | -uq-2 vv

puyyuk- (t) to pinch her/him/it @ puyyuI-

puyyuaq- (t) to pinch her/him repeatedly @ puyyuaqłIq- | -aq-1 vv

puyyugiaq crab | +iaq2 vn

puyyugniQ bruise from a pinch | +niQ1 vn

puyyutchiaq constellation [lit “two crabs” or “close together like the thumb and forefinger when held just a little ways apart”] (this constellation consists of two small stars that are either very close or part of the constellation “nanmatchiaq”)

puyyuugaurak tweezers | -k (dual mkr) gauraq nn -k (dual mkr)

puyyuuk thumb and forefinger held in opposition | -k (dual mkr)

puyyuun tweezers | :un1 vn

puyyuutik pinchers of crab | :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

Q

*qa (root) indicates time § see qakkutigun, qakuaglaaġnaq-, qakugu, qaŋa

qara1 top side; surface; cover; limit; dorsal area of fish; ventral surface of whale under jaw toward “chest” (this share is taken by the second that helps kill whale); right side of fabric

qaagIk- or qaaġIk- (i) to have a good, flat, smooth surface, a good, sturdy cover | +[g]Ik- nv | ant. qaagIIt-, qaaġIIt-

qaagrak roughly filed cutting edge of ulu or knife which needs smoothing with a flint stone | +rak(-) nn

qaaġraIt- (Nu) (i) to be smooth, even (of edge, blade) | +rak(-) nn :It- nv

qaaġraq- (Nu) (i) to be rough, uneven (of edge, blade) | +ġraq nv

qaakutaq extra covering (for tent, etc.) | +kutaq nn

qaaliġIq (Nu) fish with small hump on back of head (found in Colville River); (Ti) tough white fish / qaaliqqit isakkit get the fish with the small hump on the back | -liġIq nn ?

qaalIq- (t) to put a roof on it; to put a covering on it=parka, etc. @ qaaliqsI- | -lIq-1 nv

qaalu dried or spoiled outside part of piece of meat; (Nu) birch bark § rel. amiġaq | +lu(q)2 nn

qaaluku snipped off dried or spoiled outer part of meat | +lu(q)2 nn +ku nn

qaamit- (i) to emerge and flow spreading over a surface (of liquid); to seep through a crack and overflow on top of ice (of water) | -mit nv

qaaminniQ area covered by emerging liquid; overflow water from crack in ice on river or ocean | -mit nv +niQ1 vn

qaamniQ water-filled hole in ice | -mniQ nn

qaamniQ or qaaptinniQ water overflowing from crack in ice | -mniQ nn or (tit-1 vv +nniQ1 vn

qaanaaq eroded cave in ice or land | -naaq3 nn

qaanarrI- to scoop out a hollow place in (it=snowbank) | =rrI-2 nv

qaaniQ space under sleeping platform in sod house, empty space under something, e.g. couch, hollow in snowbank; (Nu) gentle slope at base of mountain as it levels off to a plain / qaanġagun igluliruagut we built a house at the base of the mountain | +niQ1 nn

qaaŋIq- (i) to pass by; to go over the limit; to be past, done; (t) to pass by her/him/it; to surpass her/him/it, to become taller than her/him @ qaaŋiqsI- / aapiyani qaaŋiŋagaa he is taller than his older brother | +ŋIq- nv

qaaŋiqsaaq- (i) to pass, go by without stopping; (Ti) (i) to pass by fast; (t) to pass, go by her/him/it without stopping; (Ti) (t) to pass by her/him/it fast | +ŋIq- nv -saaq- vn

qaaŋiulaak- or qaaŋiułaak- (i) to overdo excessively; to overdo one’s activity; (t) to overdo it excessively | +ŋIq- nv –u-4 vv + laak- vv

qaaŋiummati- (i) to stay ahead; to surpass all others | +ŋIq- nv

qaaŋiuti- (t) to be deliquent, past due (of bill to be paid, action); to take her/him/it past the goal or destination | +ŋIq- nv :uti-2 vv § rel. killI

qaapaaksimaaq- (i) to sit on chair with legs crossed at the knees; (t) to sit on chair with them=legs crossed at the knees [would this be with your legs crossed over the chair?] | ? -paak- nv +simaaq- vv

qaapiaq highest point | -piaq(-)3 nn

qaapquak two twigs used to prop an owl or ptarmigan snare | -pquaq nn -k (dual marker) § rel. aŋarrat

qaaptit- (i) to spread over a surface (of liquid); to overflow from a crack in ice (of water) | -ptit- vv

qaaq or qarraaq skin mattress, mattress, mat | -rraaq nn

qaatchiaq the top, highest level

qaatchiaġaq- (i) to walk along the top of a ridge | -tchiaq3 nn perhaps +aq8 nv

qaati upper front part of boot | -ti3 nn

qaatikIt- to be narrow (of upper front part of boot) | -ti3 nn -kIt- nv

qaatitu- (i) to be wide (of feet, of upper front part of boot) | -ti3 nn -tu- nv

qaligluk(-) (Ti) scab; (i) to form a scab | -gluk(-) vn § rel. amiġluk

qaliġiiktitaq- (Ti) (t) to pile, stack them

qaliġiiksimaaq- (i) to sit on floor with ankles crossed | -liQ(-)5 vn +[ġ]IIk- nv +simaaq- vv

qaliġuaq outer clothing, outer cover; extra blanket covering one; fabric blanket; quilt, bedspread, shawl | -liQ(-)5 rn –ġuaq1 nn

qaliġuuraq(-) dress; shirt; to put a dress or shirt on (her/him) | -liQ(-)5 rn -ġuaq nn =uraq1 nn

qalipquaq (Ti) shirt | -pquaq nn

qaliQ(-) top covering; rust; (i) to rust | -liQ(-)5 rn

qallI scab | ‘=I- nv

qalliġIIk(-), (Nu) qalliġIk- two things lying one on top of the other; (i) to lie one on top of the other | -liQ(-)5 rn ‘=Iq-1 nv +[ġ]IIk- nv

qalliñaaq upper eyelid | -liQ(-)5 rn ‘=Iq-1 nv -naaq3 vn

qalliñiaq- (Nu) to pile up fish § rel. qaluusiñiaq-

qallIQ(-) outermost part, top part, topmost one; (i) to be now covered; (t) to cover, top her/him/it with something | -liQ(-)5 rn ‘=Iq-1 nv

qalliqpiaq highest point; topmost object | -liQ(-)5 rn ‘=Iq-1 nv +piaq(-)3 nn

qarġun seine; long fish net dragged behind boat | -ġut- nv ‘-n1 vn

qarġut- (i) to go over the top surface; (t) to go over its top surface ? | -ġut- nv

qarġutaurraq- to bid higher | -ġut- nv +t/raq-1vv -urraq- vv § rel. nallitchi-,

atqunałhaaq-

qarraaq or qaaq skin mattress; mattress; mat | -rraaq nn

qasalluq thick cottonwood bark; scab | -salluq nn

qaa2 (root) repulsion

qaaliŋa- (i) to hesitate to touch something from which one can become soiled, stained, dirty; to be reluctant to butcher animals | -lIq-3 vv (ŋa- vv

qaaliŋagi- (t) to be repulsed, disgusted by her/him/it | -lIq-3 vv (ŋa- vv +[g]I- vdv

qaaliqta- (i) to feel repulsed by something disgusting; to shudder with revulsion | -lIq-3 vv -qta- vv

qaatchiŋa- (i) to feel uncomfortable from wet or dirty clothing, or in a dirty place | +tchiŋa- vv

qaayuġi- (Ti) (t) to be squeamish about her/him/it | +yuq2 rn +[ġ]i-

*qaak (root) ?

qaaktaq arctic cisco (Coregonus laurettae) | +t/raq4 vn

qaaktuq- (i) to seine | +tuq-2 vv

qaaktuun seining net | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

qaallak- (i) to be startled, give a shout

qaallaI- (t) to startle her/him/it | -I-9 vv

qaallaksaq- (t) to try to scare, startle her/him | perhaps +saq-3 vv

qaama (root) optimism, elation, confidence

qaamagi- (t) to agree with her/him; to be agreeable about it; to have confidence in her/him | +[g]i-1 rv

qaamanaq- (i) to be acceptable, agreeable, favorable | +naq-1 rv

qaamasuk- (i) to start to feel like working (usu after feeling depressed, sad) | -suk- rv

qaamatchak- (i) to start to feel like working; to feel elated | -tchak- rv

qaaq- (i) to caw (of raven)

qaġaq(-) marijuana; (i) to burst, explode; to smoke marijuana; (Nu) (i) to crash against the shore (of wave, sea), to break (of waves); (t) to make it pop or burst

qaaġaun whaling bomb, charge | +aq-1 vv :un1 vn

qaaġiaq hernia | +iaq2 vn

>qaaġirrIq-

qaaqsruġniq or (Ti) qaaġruq blister on skin | +qsruq-2 nv +niQ1 vn or +ruq1 vn

qaaqsruq- (i) to get a blister | +qsruq-2 nv

qaaqtaq(-) breaker on shore; to break on shore (of waves) | +t/raq4 vn

qaġaaq- to burst, explode (multiple items) | perhaps –aq-1 vv

>qaat- (t) to cut it=sod in thin pieces for house roof [Is this kaat-?]

qaataq thin piece of sod for house roof | +aq4 vn

qaatchin bone pick with wooden handle for cutting sod | -sI-3 vv -n1 vn

qaatiq piece of bone between harpoon shaft and point

*qag (dem root) out there (extended and visible) § rel. *pag-

qagna, dual qakkuak, pl qakkua (abs dem pron) that one out there (extended and visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

qaanI (dem adv in loc) located out there (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc)

qaanIit- (i) to be located out there (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

qaaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from out there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qaaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction out there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

qaaŋŋaq- (i) to come from out there (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

qagga (dem adv) out there (extended and visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

qaktuma or qaksruma or qagruma, dual qakkuak , pl qakkua (dem rel pron) that one out there (extended and visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

qaktumanI or qaksrumanI or qagrumanI, dual qakkugnagni, pl qakkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one out there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

qaktumaŋŋa or qaksrumaŋŋa or qagrumaŋŋa, dual qakkugnaŋŋa, pl qakkunaŋŋa from that one out there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qaktumatun or qaksrumatun or qagrumatun, dual qakkugnaktun, pl qakkunatitun like that one out there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

qaktumiŋa or qaksrumiŋa or qagrumiŋa, dual qakkugniŋa, pl qakkuniŋa that one out there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

qaktumuŋa or qaksrumuŋa or qagrumuŋa, dual qakkugnuŋa, pl qakkunuŋa to that one out there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

qaktumuuna or qaksrumuuna or qagrumuuna, dual qakkugnuuna, pl qakkunuuna via, with that one out there (extended and visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

qauŋa (dem adv in term) to out there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

qauŋanmun towards out there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +nmun (term)

qauŋaq- (i) to go out there (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3 dv

qauna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of out there (extended and visible) | uuna (dem via)

qaunaaq- (i) via, through, by way of out there (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

>qaġġaq (Nu) upriver end of an island § rel. kaŋiq

qaggaq(-) wave which breaks on shore; breaker; (i) to break on shore (of wave) § rel. qaa1

qaggaġuqtit- (t) to make waves (esp. of whale) | +uq-1 nv (tit-1 vv

qaggattuq- to make waves (e.g. of whale); to become rough (of sea) | -ttuq- vv

qaggiuq- (i) to travel through rough water, waves | ‘=Iuq-2 nv

qaglu deep hole under ice in shallow water; deep place with slight current in river, good for setting nets under ice, deepest part of river | +lu(q) nn

>qagluluktuaq very deep part of river [maybe this is a river with many deep holes: JMN] | +lu(q)2 nn -luk(-)1 vv +t/ruaq vn

qagrugaun (Ti) a woman’s belt worn when packing baby on back § see qaksruq- also tavsi

qagrugautaiyaun (Ti) song sung to an aġvaalik at whaling to cause her calf to slide off her back and slow her down § see qaksruq

qagruġvIk (Ti) place where whaling celebration is held | rel Nalukataq under naluk- , see qaksruq-

qagrurraqtuq (Ti) wolverine with patches of white fur on sides

qagvaq- to rise (of sun); (i) to rise to surface; (t) to bring it to the surface from underground § rel. qaki-

qaġa-1 (i) to live a carefree, easy existence provided by someone else; to take it easy; to not do any work, be idle, lazy

qaġaIt- (i) to be ambitious, energetic, industrious, waste no time | :It-1 vdv

qaġapkaq- (t) to provide life’s necessities for her/him | -pkaq-1 vv

qaġanaq- (i) to be easy to do; to be so helpful that one hardly needs to do any work; to be effortless | +naq-1 vv

qaġasil,aaq- (t) to make her/his life easier; caring for her/him | +sil,aaq- vv

qaġa-2 (Nu) to make arm signals to (her/him) indicating that one has sighted caribou

qaġasaq brain § see qaqisaq

qaġiaq storage hole in hallway of sod house | +Iaq2 n

>qaġligiruaġivsi (excl) “I woke up before all of you” ?

*qaġlik (root) one side of pants

qaġliik men’s knee pants; fur breeches with fur inside | ‘-k (dual mkr)

qaġliaġruk (Ti) waterproof seal-skin breeches | -aġruk nn

qaġligugaurak (Ti) man’s underpants | ? +uga :uraq nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

qaġliurak or qaġliuraak bloomers, panties, woman’s underpants | :uraq1 nn ‘-k (dual mkr) or -k (dual mkr)?

qaġliviik (Nu) short knickers (above the knee) | -vIk nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

qaġlil,ik (Ti) mature male whale with white section at base of flukes

qaġliuraq (Nu) reindeer moss (fine texture) | :uraq nn

qaġlunnak- (Ti) (i) to get the lip part of the whale as a share (usu. by third boat to help kill whale) § see qaqłu

qaġruq arrow, bullet, shell, any projectile | ? +ruq1 n

qaġrI- to make arrows for (her/him); to make (it) into arrows / qaġrigaa tutaaluni he is making arrows for his grandchild / qaġrigai pukuani qiruich he is making the wood that he gathered into arrows | ‘=I-1 nv

qaġrIq- (i) to load bullets in gun; (t) to load it=gun | ‘=Iq-1 nv

qaġriqsuq- (t) to load it=gun with ammunition @ qaġriqsuI- | ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

qaġruksraun lead for making bullets | -ksraun nn

qaġrupiat arrow | -piaq(-)2 nn -t (pl mkr)

qaġruqaġvIk ammunition case | -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

qaġruq sululik feathered arrow

qaġruuraqtuun shotgun | :uraq(-)1 nn +tuq3 nv :un1 vn

qaġruurat buckshot | :uraq(-)1 nn -t (pl mkr)

qaġruqsaq(-) skin-covered fishhook left in water; (Nu) long anchor fishhook used for lush, ling cod; (i) to fish with a skin-covered hook left in water

qaġI- to come (toward her/him/it) / tuttum qaigaaŋa the caribou is coming toward me

qaġġirrI- (i) to bring something | ‘-rrI-1 rn, rv

qaġġisi- (t) to come bringing her/him/it | ‘-ti-2 vv

qaġġisuuti- (t) to bring her/him/it @ qaġġisuurrI- | ‘- ti-2 vv :uti-2 vv

qaiguq- (i) to keep coming; to bounce back and forth (of echo); to keep coming in, resonate, resound (of sound) | +guq- vv

qaiñmun (adv) hither, to here, this way | +nmun

qaiqattaaq- (i) to come to visit | -qattaaq- vv

>qaiqsruq- or qaiqsu- (t) to ask, urge her/him to come @ qaiqsruI- | +qsruq-2 vv

qaisaaġaq- (Ti) to blow in gusts, blow and die down (of wind) | -saaq-1 aq-1 vv

qaisaġnaq ocean currents flowing toward shore (which brings ice to shore) | perhaps +saq-3 vv +naq2 nv § rel. piruġaġnaq, anisaġnaq

qaisaġnIq- (i) to flow from west (of ocean current) | +saq-3 vv +nIq-3 nv

qaivaksaq- (t) to attract it=animal by imitating its call; to try to attract them to keep coming | -vak2 vv +saq-3 vv

qaivsai- (Ti) (i) to hold an invitational dance | -vsak- vv -I-9 vv

qaiyaa- (i) to come en masse (of people or animals) | -yaa- vv

qaI (Nu) wave (of ocean)

qail,iñiQ piece of ivory washed up on shore; old ivory | +liñiQ

qail,l,iaġruit ripple on water | +llIQ rn -aġruk :It (pl mkr)

qail,l,iġuq- to develop (of waves on ocean) | +llIQ rn +[ġ]uq-1 nv

qail,l,IQ(-) wave on ocean; (i) to have waves (of ocean) | perhaps +llIQ rn

qail,l,iuq- (i) to travel through rough water; to fly through turbulent weather | +llIQ rn ‘=Iuq-2 nv

qaivl,ik(-) a wave produced by a passing boat; (i) to have waves caused by a passing boat (of water) | -vlik(-) nv

qaiġulik ringed seal § rel. qairaliq, qairaliuraq

qaiġułuk or qaiġusuk (Nu) cave § rel. qaanaaq, *qaI

qaiġuq- (i) to make a loud echoing sound § rel. qaġI-

qaiġuatit- (i) to echo loudly; (t) to cause it=echo to reverberate loudly | perhaps -aq-1 vv (tit-2 vv

qaiġuatitaq- (i) to echo, reverberate; (t) to be so loud as to make its=sound reverberate | perhaps -aq-1 vv (tit-2 vv (t/raq-1 vv

qaiġuq bark of tree; (Nu) shelf in oven | +ġuq2 n

qaiġusuk cave | -suk2 nn § rel. qaiġuq

qaimġuq first shore ice in fall | +mġuq

qaimŋulI- to make ice on shore in fall (of breakers) | +mŋuq rn -lI-1 nv

qaimŋuq white frozen edge of water; frozen foam on beach | +mŋuq rv

qaiŋŋIq green-winged teal (Anas carolinensis) | perhaps +ŋŋIQ

qaiq- (i) to be smooth, flat, level; to be straight (of hair) § rel. manik-

qaiġIIt- or (Nu) qaiġIt- (i) to be rough, not smooth | +[g]Ik- vdv :It-1 or :It-1 vdv

qaiġil,l,iuq- (Ti) (i) to travel over rough terrain; to bounce, jolt along | :It-1 vdv :Il,l,iuq- vdv

qaiġil,ġuq (Nu) ripple on ice | :It-1 vdv +ġuq2 vn

qaiqsaat straight hair | +taaq2 vn -t (pl mkr)

qaiqsaq- (t) to iron, press, or sand it to make smooth @ qaiqsaI- | +saq-3 vv

qaiqsatit- (i) to be flat on the back, fast asleep | (tit-2 vv

qaiqsaun pressing iron; tool used to smooth something | +saq-3 vv :un1 vn

qaiqsautit (Nu) brush, hairbrush | +saq-3 vv :un1 vn -t (pl mkr) § rel. il,l,aigutit

qairaliq (Ti) young seal in spring; young whale which comes north for first time

qairaliuraq (Ti) young seal | :uraq1 nn

qairalliq two-year-old bowhead whale

qaiqsatit- (i) to be flat on back, fast asleep | (tit-2 vv

qaIt- (i) to give oneself up, surrender, give up; (t) to give her/him/it away; to give it=report @ qaitchI-

qaisaksraq something to be given, a report | (t/raq(-)vn -ksraq1 nn

qaki- (i) to climb out of water; to come up on shore (of boat); to win in a game; to accumulate enough wealth to eliminate worry about survival; to become uppity, stuck-up; to adopt a condescending attitude toward “former” peers ( after acquiring money, new status, etc.)

qagniQ person who has accumulated enough wealth to eliminate worry about survival | ~niQ1 vn

qagruġvIk (Ti) place where whaling celebration is held | +qsruq-2 vv +vIk1 vn § rel. Nalukataq

qagruq- (Ti) (i) to celebrate whaling festival | ~qsruq-2 vv

qagvaq- to rise (of sun); (i) to rise to surface; (t) to bring it to surface from underground | ~vaq- vv

qakirvIk shelf; (Nu) hook for hanging clothing | +t-1 vv +vIk1 vn

qakit- (t) to put it up, as on a shelf; to pull it=boat up onto shore or ice @ qakitchI- | +t-1 nv

qakima- (i) to be placed up, as on a shelf | +ma- vv

qakpIk or qakitpik shelf | =qpIk vn +t-1 vv +qpik vn

qakpiurat shelves | =qpIk vn :uraq1 nn -t (pl mkr)

qaksrI sea mammal on top of ice | ~rI vn

qaksrukkak- (i) to pull clothing up and tie it with a belt so as not to soil or wet lower part | ~qsruq-2 vv -kkak- vv

qaksruq- (i) to bring boat from whaling camp back to the village | ~qsruq-2 vv

qaksruġautituq- (i) to serve food to crew and others on beach after successful whale hunt (also a sign that whaling season is over) | ~qsruq-2 vv perhaps =aq-1 vv :uti1 vn +tuq-3 nv

qakuma- (Ti) (i) to bask, lie out on ice, rock, land (of seal or walrus) | :ma-1 vv

qakummavIk place to spend time out of water; floating platform | :ma-1 vv +vIk1 vn § rel. aniuyyaq

qakim (dem root) out there (not visible) § rel. *qag, *qam

qakimna, dual qakipkuak, pl qakipkua (abs dem pron) that one out there (not visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

qaŋmanI (dem adv in loc) located out there (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

qaŋmanIit- (i) to be located out there (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

qaŋmaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from out there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qaŋmaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction out there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

qaŋmaŋŋaq- (i) to come from out there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

qaŋma (dem adv) out there (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

qakiptuma or qakivsruma or qakivruma, dual qakipkuak, pl qakipkua (dem rel pron) that one out there on roof (not visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

qakiptumanI or qakivsrumanI or qakivrumanI, dual qakipkugnagni, pl qakipkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one out there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

qakiptumaŋŋa or qakivsrumaŋŋa or qakivrumaŋŋa, dual qakipkugnaŋŋa, pl qakipkunaŋŋa from that one out there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qakiptumatun or qakivsrumatun or qakivrumatun, dual qakipkugnaktun, pl qakipkunatitun like that one out there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

qakiptumiŋa or qakivsrumiŋa or qakivrumiŋa, dual qakipkugniŋa, pl qakipkuniŋa with that one out there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

qakiptumuŋa or qakivsrumuŋa or qakivrumuŋa, dual qakipkugnuŋa, pl qakipkunuŋa to that one out there on roof (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

qakiptumuuna or qakivsrumuuna or qakivrumuuna, dual qakipkugnuuna, pl qakipkunuuna via, with that one out there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

qaŋmuŋa (dem adv in term) to out there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

qaŋmuŋanmun towards out there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +nmun (term)

qaŋmuŋaq- (i) to go out there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

qaŋmuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of out there (not visible) | +uuna (dem via)

qaŋmuunaaq- (i) via, through, by way of out there (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

qakIq-1 (t) to get rancid (of seal oil) [is this (t) ?]

qakiġñil,Iq- (i) to get rancid (of seal oil) | +nIt-1 vv -lIq-3 vv

qakiġñiQ rotten meat or oil whose sharp odor or taste stings the nose or throat | +niQ1 vn

qakiġñIt- (i) to taste or smell rancid, bad, irritates the throat | +nIt-2 vv

qakiŋa- (i) to be rancid | [pic]ŋa- vv

qakkiññaqsI- to become bitter, acrid, strong-tasting | ‘=It-3 vv +naq- vv +sI-1 vv

qakkIt- (i) to get a thick feeling in mouth, as from acrid food | ‘=It-3 vdv

qakiq-2 (t) to hit her/him/it on chin with fist @ qakiqsI-

qakiġlugun (Ti) beard; (Nu) something under the chin (e.g. whiskers of man or feathers of ptarmigan) | +lugun nn § rel. umik

qakiġlugusi- (Nu) (i) to get black feathers under chin (of ptarmigan in spring) | +lugun n ~I-1 nv

qakiġluk(-) jowls, lower part of chin next to neck; to have a swollen gland in lower part of chin next to neck | +luk(-)1 vn, vv

qakiġluuk [Itta 3:A] ornament worn | +luk(-)1 vn, vv ‘-k (dual mkr)

qakimIk- to hit (her/him/it) repeatedly with fist | -mIk-1 vv

qakiqtaq- (i) to have a boxing match, fist fight; (t) to hit her/him/it repeatedly with fists | +t/raq-1 vv

qakiqtaun boxing glove | +t/raq-1 :un1 vn

qakiqtauti- (i) to fight with fists, have a fist fight | +t/raq-1 vv :uti-2 vv

qakiqtautit (Nu) knuckles | +t/raq-1 vv :uti-2 vv -t (pl mkr)

qakiqsI-, qaqiqsI- (i) to sting from soap or other foreign matter (of eyes)

qakkutigun rare occurrence § see *qa

qakmalialuit (Nu) Copper Inuit § see qaŋmalik

qakmaliurat (Nu) Canadian Inuit (esp. Hershel Island Inuit)

qaksrugautaq (Nu) belt used when packing baby on back § see qaksruq-

qaksrutik (Nu) two white bands along back of wolverine (good fur) | ‘-k (dual mkr)

qaksrutraq- (Nu) (i) to have white bands along back (of wolverine)

*qaku (root) future time

qakuaglaaġnaq- (i) to be so close to death that death is expected at any time | -aglaaq-1 vv +naq-1 vv § see *qa

qakugu (adv) when, at what time in the future | +[g]un nn § rel. qaŋa see *qa

qakugu taima (excl) at some uncertain time in the future | +[g]un nn taima

qakugullu and again, at some future time | +[g]un nn +lu (encl)

qakummisaun stick on which ceremonial food is skewered for messenger feast | =un1 vn § rel. kivgIq(-) aqpatat

qakuma- (Ti) (i) to bask, lie out on ice, rock, land (of seal or walrus) § see qaki-

qakummavIk place to spend time out of water; floating platform § see qaki-

qakummisaaq(-) ceremony where other community houses are invited, a feast is held and gifts given; (i) to hold a messenger feast, to hold a ceremony where other community houses are invited, then a feast is held and then gifts given ? § rel. nuliaġiaq- uyalu, yuġaq- qargi(-)

qakuq- to turn white, be bleached by weather

qakuġnak- to turn cold and freeze any moisture on ground thus casting a whitish gleam or film over the ground | +nak- vv

qakuak frost on ground | -ak2 n

qala wake of boat, churning water behind paddle or propeller

qalak(-) bubble; burp; (i) to burp; to clear one’s throat; (t) to burp it=gas bubble out / qalaaniktiġupku samma puvla narraaġiiñŋaiġñiaqtutin once you’ve burped the gas bubble, your stomachache will go away | -k5 n

qalaliaġuq (Nu) (i) to churn water (e.g. of paddle, oar, ship, whale) | -lI-1 nv [pic]aq4 vn +uq-1 nv

qalaliaq air bubbles coming from a mammal moving underwater | -lI-1 nv [pic]aq4 vn

qalat- (i) to boil; (Nu) to churn (of water, esp. in wake of boat) | +t-2 nv

qalat (Ti) wake of boat | -t (pl mkr)

qalauġnaq peroxide | :uq-2 vv +naq2 vn

qalauq- (i) to continue to boil | -uq-2 vv

Qalamiut (Nu) Upper Kobuk people | [pic]miu nn -t (pl mkr)

qalasIq navel, umbilicus

qalgi(-) (Ti) men’s community house; (i) to go to the men’s community house § see qargI

qalgimiu- (Ti) (i) to be in the men’s community house | +miu- nv

qalġuq- (i) to make its characteristic sound (of animal)

qalġuġniq animal’s call | +niQ1 vn

qalġuqtaun trumpet; horn | +t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn

qalġuun hunter’s call to an animal | :un1 vn

qalġuuq- or qalġuula- (i) to make its characteristic sound, call repeatedly (of animal) | :uq-2 vv or :uq-2 vv –la- vv

qalġuusiqsuuq (Nu) Smith’s longspur (Calcarius pictus)

>qaliŋu- (i) to growl [? is this transitive]

qaliquttaq (Ti) cumulonimbus cloud

qallI- to get near, close (to her/him/it) / qalliruq iglunun he is getting close to the houses

qalligaaq- (Nu) (t) to be approaching her/him/it | ? -gaaq- vv

qalliiññaq- to keep getting closer (to her/him/it) | -Innaq-1 vv

qallil,ġiñaq- to finally get close (to her/him/it) | -lġInaq- vv

qallisI- (t) to get close to it=her/his appointed time / qallisigaaŋa it is almost time for me to do something | =sI-4 vv

qalliuraq- to get very close (to her/him/it) | :uraq- vv

qalliġiik-, (Nu) qalliġIk-, (Ti) qaliġiik- (i) to lie one on top of another § see qaa1

qalliñaaq upper eyelid § see qaa1

qalliñiaq- (Nu) (i) to pile up fish § rel. qaluusiñiaq- see qaa1

qallIq- (i) to be now covered with a blanket, tarpaulin, etc.; (t) to place an outer cover on it § see qaa1

qalliñ one of two side pouches of abdominal fat of ground squirrel

qalluviaq yellowish membrane surrounding the heart | -viaq2 rn

qalu(-) dipnet; (i) to get something using a dipnet; (t) to bail water out of it=boat

qallugauraq cup | ‘-n1 vn -gauraq nn

qallugauraqaġvIk food shelf; dish shelf; kitchen cabinet; grub box | ‘-n1 vn -gauraq nn =Iqi- nv

qallugauriqi- to wash dishes (for her/him) | ‘-n1 vn -gauraq- nn =Iqi- nv

qallun cup, dipper, ladle; bailer; water pump | ‘-n1 vn

qalugauraq (Nu) a rounded muscle like the biceps | -gauraq nn

qaluŋniq (Nu) small “bowl” or cirque in mountains | -k-4 vv +niQ1 vn

qaluqsraq (Nu) mountain valley, ditch, large “bowl” or cirque in mountains | +qsraq2 vn

qalusiġaq (Nu) dipper for bailing | -siġaq- vv rel. qallun

qalutaq- to dip out, bail (it) out | (t/raq-1 vv

qalutuŋnauraq (Nu) small hole, hollow in ground | -tuŋnaq- nv :uraq1 nn

qaluuq- to bail water out of (it) | -uq-2 vv

qalugiaq(-) or qalugiaqtuun long pole with flint or iron spearhead used in whaling, whale lance (orig. jade blade in bone mounted in a long wooden handle); (t) to lance it=whale | -giaq vn or giaq vn +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

qalugialgu- (Ti) (i) to go inform the village that a whale has been taken | -giaq(-) vn -lgu-2 nv § rel. aqpauq-

qalugiaqtuq- (i) to lance a whale; (t) to lance it=whale repeatedly | -ġiaq vn +tuq-3 nv

qaluiq- (t) to stir it=cooking food so that it will not stick to the pot; to scoop the fat off the top of the cooking pot when there is fat from cooking a fat duck or a fat caribou

qaluk (Nu) fish § see iqaluk

qalluqłuk (Nu) big fish told of in stories; size of kayak said to be found at Narvaqvak lake |

qaluaq (Ti) tom cod

qaluaqpak (Nu) lake trout

qalugruaq (Nu) dog salmon

qalukpIk (Nu) arctic char; dolly varden § rel. paiqł,ugruaq

qaluŋniutit (Nu) fish trap

qalusaaq (Nu) herring | -saaq(-)3 nn, vn

qaluksiuġayuk or qaluksiuyuk (Nu) American osprey (Pandion haliaetus)

qaluŋa- (i) to have an upturned nose; to have an upturned toe area (of crimped soles); to be making a funny face | [pic]ŋa- vdv

qaluqsraq ditch, valley § rel. natiġnaq

qaluuġvIk willow frame tent shaped like a dome | +vIk1 vn

qaluuġvIIt dome-shaped tent frame made of bent willows | +vIk1 vn :It nn

qaluuġvil,ik (Nu) tent, house with willow frame | +vIk1 vn :It nn –lik1 nn

qałuk- (Nu) (i) to ram horns (of sheep); (t) to ram it=sheep

*qam (dem root) in there (not visible) § rel. *kIv

qamna, dual qapkuak, pl qapkua (abs dem pron) that one in there (not visble) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

qamanI (dem adv in loc) located in there (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

qamanIit- (i) to be located in there (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

qamaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from in there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qamaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from in there (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) [pic]miñ (abl)

qamaŋŋaq- (i) to come from in there (not visble) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

qamma (dem adv) in there (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

qaptuma or qavsruma or qavruma, dual qapkuak , pl qapkua (dem rel pron) that one in there (not visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

qaptumanI or qavsrumanI or qavrumanI, dual qapkugnagni, pl qapkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one in there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

qaptumaŋŋa or qavsrumaŋŋa or qavrumaŋŋa, dual qapkugnaŋŋa, pl qapkunaŋŋa from that one in there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qaptumatun or qavsrumatun or qavrumatun, dual qapkugnaktun, pl qapkunatitun like that one in there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

qaptumiŋa or qavsrumiŋa or qavrumiŋa, dual qapkugniŋa, pl qapkuniŋa that one in there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

qaptumuŋa or qavsrumuŋa or qavrumuŋa, dual qapkugnuŋa, pl qapkunuŋa to that one in there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

qaptumuuna or qavsrumuuna or qavrumuuna, dual qapkugnuuna, pl qapkunuuna via, with that one in there (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

qamuŋa (dem adv in term) to in there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

qamuŋanmun towards in there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

qamuŋaq- (i) to go in there (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

qamuuna (dem adv in via) via, through in there (not visible) | +uuna (dem via)

qamuunaaq- (i) via, through in there (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

*qama (root) leeward, lee side

qamanaaq (Nu) upstream current | -naaq3 nv

qamaniQ or qamanaaq shelter from weather or waves; lee | +niQ1 rn

qamannIt- (i) to be sheltered from wind | +niQ1 rn ‘=It-3 nv

qamatmuaq- (Nu) (i) to travel with wind at one’s back | +nmuk- nv -aq-1

qami- (i) to become extinguished; to go off or out (of light or fire); to die (of engine)

qamit- (i) to be now extinguished; (t) to turn it off; to extinguish it=fire | +t-1 vv

qamiraġaq- (i) to keep going out when one tries to light it (of fire) | -t/raġaq- vv

qammiuġniQ ash from outdoor fire § see aġra | ‘-uq-2 vv +niQ1 vn

qaptiġun fire extinguisher | ~tiq-1 vv :un1 vn

qaptiq- (t) to use the fire extinguisher on it=fire, (Ti) to put it=fire out @ qaptiġi- | ~tiq-2 vv § rel. qamit-

qavsuk- (i) to become dim (of light); to become low (of fire); (t) to turn it=light lower | ? =suk-4 vv

qavsuktaaq- (i) to be made dimmer (of light); be made lower (of fire); (t) to lower its flame; to dim it=light | ?=suk-4 vv +taaq-1 vv

qavsuktaq- (i) to flicker (of light or flame); to burn unsteadily (of light or flame); (t) to cause it to flicker | ?=suk-4 vv +t/raq-1 vv

qamŋaq ankle bone which sticks out near heel

qamŋuI- (i) to snore

qamuġiaq (Ti) canine tooth | +iaq3 n | syn tuluġiaq

qamuk- to pull or tow (it) (of human)

qamugaurat small hand sled | +[g]aq1 vn :uraq nn -t (pl mkr)

qamuġaq- (Nu) to help pull it=dogsled (of human, usu. a woman) | +[ġ]aq-6 vv

qamuġautaq (Nu) towline, especially bearded seal skin line used by woman to pull sled | +[ġ]aq-7 vv –utaq1 vn

>qamuksiraq- (i) to bring a sled with a load [?]; (t) to put it on a sled and bring it / taima aŋayuqaaŋiksa apiġigaak qamuksiraġmagaan; qamuksiraŋiññiruq then his parents asked him whether or not he brought a sled loaded with things; he replied that he did not bring a sled | ? +siraq- vv

qamun car, truck | -n3 vn

qamutik low sled | -n3 vn -k (dual mkr)

qamutit sled for transporting skin boat over ice; flat, board freight sled | -n3 vn -t (pl mkr) § see umiirautit

qamutitaq- (i) to drive a car; to ride in a car or truck | -n3 vn +[t]aq- nv

qamuukkałaaq- (i) to walk pulling a sled | -u-4 vv ?-kkałaaq- vv

qamuun or qamuutaq towline on sled; towline used by person, e.g. to pull a sled; (Nu) sled of frozen moosehide | :un1 vn -utaq1 vn § rel. isuġaq

qanaġaq- to tip over (her/him/it) headlong

qanak(-) tent pole, roof beam, ceiling plank; (t) to put roof beams, roof lumber in house @ qanaksi-

qanaich willow tent frame; tent poles | :It (pl mkr)

qanġaq lower leg ? § see kanaġaq

qanI(-) or (Nu) qaniuq- area close by, near by; (t) to accompany, take her/him/it partway to destination | -uq-2 vv

qanil,aaq- to travel partway to one’s destination (with her/him/it) on first day of journey; (i) to get closer to one’s goal in a piecemeal fashion / uullaiqsuq uvva nullautaksrautikput, qanil,aapayuglutaunnii muqpauranik our supper is taking a long time to cook, we should at least assuage our hunger with some biscuits | -laaq-1 vv § see aŋuyaġaaq(-)

qaniñŋaq- (i) to have an intense desire to be close to something or someone and thus be making the effort to be close; (t) to be close to her/him/it after having made the effort to get closer | +t-2 nv [pic]ŋaq- vv

qaniuq- (t) to stick close by to her/him | -uq-2 vv

qanit- to be near, close (to her/him/it) | +t-2 nv

qanitchat, (Nu, Ti) qanitchaq entryway, storm shed, cold porch (to the house) | +t/raq4 vn ‘-t (pl mkr)

qanIk- (Ti) qanik- (i) to snow § see qannIk-

qaniayaaq- (Nu) (i) to snow lightly with small flakes | -ayaaq- vv

qanigruaq- or qanikpak- (Nu) (i) to snow a lot, heavily with large flakes | +ġruaq(-)1 nn, vv or +qpak(-) vv, nn

qanikł,uala- (Nu) (i) to snow lightly | +qłuk(-)2 nn, vv -ala- vv

qanikł,uk(-) (Nu) to blow with light snow (of wind) | +qłuk(-)2 (nn,vv)

qaniQ mouth, oral cavity

qanaaq- to quarrel (with her/him) | -aq-1 vv

qaniġvil,uk- to complain, mutter (to her/him) | +viluk- nv

qanikkuaġaq- (i) to play the harmonica | -(k)kuaq- nv +aq-1 vv

qanikkuaġnaq harmonica | -(k)kuaq- nv +naq2 vn

qaniqaq- (i) to be quarrelsome | -qaq-1 nv

*qanmik-

qanmiksaaq- (i) to speak angrily from frustration or impatience; to grumble, complain | perhaps =mIk-2 nv +taaq-1 vv

qannaġIk- (i) to be quarrelsome, outspoken, not hesitant to talk back | perhaps ‘-Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

qanmigi- (t) to disapprove of, dislike her/his behavior; to complain of her/him/it | perhaps =mIk-2 nv +[g]i2 vv see qanmiksaaq- under qaniQ

qannIk(-) snowflake; falling snow; (i) to snow § rel. qanIk-

qannialaaq(-) light snowfall; (i) to snow lightly | -alaaq- nv, nn

qanniguq- to begin snowing | +uq-1 nv

qannikula- (i) to snow lightly | ?-kula- nv perhaps –kuq la ???

qannIq- to order (it) (as from a catalog or store in another city); (t) to send for her/him to come § rel. qaI-

qanŋuq- (t) to budge, move it=usu. a heavy object from its secure or stuck position @ qanŋuI-, qanŋuqsI-

qanŋuqtaq- (t) to jar, nudge it loose repeatedly | +t/raq-1 vv

qanuq(-) (interrog) how, what manner or method, what condition; to do or say what (to her/him/it) / qanuq aiñiaqpich how will you get home; qanuq itpa aakan how is your mother; qanuqpa uqallautikapku what did she say when you told her; qanuqpatin what did she do to you

qanuġili- or qanugil,i- (i) to become how | it- (stem) -lI-2 vv

qanuġliqaa (excl) by any means, in whatever manner or style | +liqaa (encl)

qanuġniugaq- (Nu) (i) to be indecisive, unable to make up one’s mind | +ni-2 vv -ugaq- vv

qanuġvIIt- (i) to have no choice in a matter; to be unable to do anything about a situation; to be embarrassed | +vIk vn :It-1 nv

qanukkiaq (excl) I wonder how (way or manner, in what condition) / qanukkiaq piva I wonder how she is doing; qanukkiaq qupakpauŋ I wonder how she is trimming it | +kiaq (encl)

qanukkiataŋ or qanuq uvva (excl) because | syn atakkiataŋ | +kiataŋ (encl)

qanulaIt- (i) to be unresponsive; to be incapable of action, immobile; (t) to not do or say anything to her/him/it | -laIt- vv

qanunmun (interrog) in what position, direction / qanunmun il,itquviuŋ in what position, direction would you like for it to be placed, set; saniñmun il,isiuŋ place it sideways | -nmun nv

qanuqpivitimña! (excl) my goodness! why are you carrying on so? | pI(-) (base substitute to which any suffix may be added) +vIt (interrog 2s) imña (dem pro)

qanuqsausIIq- (i) to come to a point where one does not know what to do; to be in a quandry; (t) to not know what to do with her/him/it; to put her/him in a quandry | +sausIIq- vv

qanuqsausIIt- (i) to not be able to decide what to do, to have no alternative; to be in a quandary, not know what to do, be at a loss; (t) to not be able to decide what to do about or say to her/him/it | +sausIIt- vv § rel. pitqusiksraIt-

qanuqtuq (interj) I wonder how, I hope / qanuqtuq ail,l,ayumauq uvlupak I hope she will be able to go home today | +tuq (encl)

qanusiġaq- to do what (to her/him/it) @ qanusiġaI- / qanusiġaqpa what did she do, how did she act, behave; qanusiġaqpagich what did she do to them | -siġaq-1 vv [this must be qanusIq and the postbase +aq-]

qanusIq (interrog) what kind | -sIq4 nn

qanusiġaq- (interrog) to do what (to her/him/it) repeatedly | -sIġaq-1 vv

qanutun (interrog) how much; for how long | -tun (sim)

qaŋa1 (adv) when, at what time in past § rel. qakugu see *qa

qaŋaluqaa (excl) used when something happens as it did in the old days | -luqaa (encl)

qaŋami taima (excl) oh, it has been a long time ago and it cannot be pinpointed easily or precisely | +mI (encl)

qaŋapak (excl) in years past until now | -pak2 nn

qaŋaqqammiuraq recently, not too long ago | -qqammIq(-) nn,vv :ura1 nn

qaŋasaaq a long time ago | +saaq4 nn

qaŋatuuq- (i) to do things in a traditional way; (t) to do it in the traditional way | +tuuq-2 nv

qaŋa2 (root) suspension

qaŋasiġaq or qaŋatchiġaq (Ti) one of first two small seal-skin floats attached to harpoon line in whaling | -sIq4 rn +[ġ]aq3 rn

qaŋata- (i) to be elevated, off the floor or ground | +ta-1 rv

qaŋatchiniq (Ti) ice with hollow space beneath it (easy to fall through) | -sIq4 rn ‘=I-2 nv +niQ1 vn

qaŋattaaq ice or snow which has one edge partly off the ground; hollow area (as from erosion) | +ta-1 rv ‘-q-1 rv [pic]aq4 vn

qaŋattałik- (i) to bounce when hitting a bump | +ta-1 rv ‘-q-1 vv -lik-2 vv

qaŋattałiktaq- (i) to bounce along over bumps, to rumble along | +ta-1 rv ‘-q-1 rv -lik-2 +t/raq-1 vv

qaŋattaq- (i) to take off from the ground, rise above the ground; (t) to lift it off the floor or ground | ‘+ta-1 rv ‘-q-1

qaŋmami (Nu) now, nowadays § see qaŋa1, paŋmapak

QaŋmalIq Arctic coast dweller (in Canada) § rel. qakmalialuk, killiġmiut

Qaŋmalialuk (Ti) Canadian Iñuk § rel. Pamiulik

qaŋnaaq- (i) to be good spring weather in which seals bask on the ice | perhaps +naaq-1 rv § rel. qaki-

qapak physically weak person

qapaŋa- (i) to be weak | [pic]ŋa- nv

qapaksiraq- (Ti) (i) to play a game where one jumps up, pushing a small board out of the way when he lands | -siraq- nv, vv

qapiq-1 (Nu) to scoop off fat rising from boiled meat[?]

qapiq-2 (i) to become discouraged and give up; to turn back, proceed no higher, farther

qapiŋaisaaq- (t) to encourage her/him @ qapiŋaisaaqłIq-

qapiŋaIt- (i) to have perseverance, be persistent; to be enthusiastic | [pic]ŋaIt- vdv

qapiqpaŋa- (i) to be disappointed | +qpak- vv [pic]ŋa- vv

qapiqtail,I- to argue heatedly with her/him | +tail,I- vv

qapiqtauti- (i) to quarrel; to go against each other’s wish or command | +t/raq-1 vv :uti-2 vv

qappIt- to be unable to do anything more to (her/him/it); (t) to shove her/his nose as a gesture of mockery or dislike; to make her/him give up | ‘=It-3 vdv

qapquti- (Ti) (t) to quit, give up on her/him/it | :uti-2 vv

qapkuaġmiut (Ti) one of two old Iñupiaq football teams in Tikiġaq (Point Hope), this team kicked inland, toward the north | +miu nn -t (pl mkr)

qappaQ groove in wood § rel. qimiaq

qaptiġun fire extinguisher § see qami-

qaptiq- to douse (it=fire) with fire § see qami-

qaptit- (Ti) (t) to tighten it=knot

qaptuġaq(-) (Nu) band, loop of rope around something; (t) to tie a band around it

qapuk foam; (Ti) pumice stone used as cleaner

qapulI- (i) to foam, froth, get foamy (e.g. of beach) | -lI-2 nv

qapukłulI- or qappI- (i) to form (of foam) | +łuk1 nn -lI-2 nv or ‘=I-1 nv

qapukłuk froth; bubbles; foam on seashore | +łuk1 nn

qapquti- (i) to form bubbly foam (of dirty water)

qaqaq- (i) to bend backward

qaqaqtaq- (i) to move in an up-and-down motion | +t/raq-1 vv

>qaqauġmIk- (i) to do the finger pull with index fingers | syn tikiġmIk-, rel. aqamak-

qaqaula- (i) to make the call of ptarmigan | -la- vv

qaqauraq (Nu) bistort (Polygonum bistorta sub-species blumosun) [a plant]

>qaqigl,uktuqtuaq [Itta 2:A,p5 taamaŋŋa uyukłutik tamatkua maliġivlugu taamna sivulliq qaqigl,uktuqtuaq from behind there they would come dancing following the first one with a loon headdress]

qaqiil,l,uuk loon head headdress used for a certain Eskimo dance

qaqisaq or qaqasaq brain

qaqasauraq computer

qaqisalik caribou brain cooked with melted fat | -lik1 nn

qaqisauraq [lit. little skull] bowl | :uraq1 nn

qaqitcham sauniŋa skull | (‘)-m (rel mkr) sauniQ “bone” -ŋa- vv (poss mkr)

qaqitcham uyaġaŋa (Nu) one of two white “rocks” in head of fish used to hear | (‘)-m (rel mkr) uyaġak “rock” -ŋa- vv (poss mkr)

qaqitchI- (i) to injure one's crown; (t) to injure her/his/its head; (t) to hit her/him/it soundly on the head | ‘=I-2 nv

qaqłik or iqaqłik waterproof knee-high boot with hairless seal skin uppers and bearded seal skin sole / qaqłak paqitpigik did you find his waterproof knee-high boots

*qaqłu (root) one lip

qaqłuk lips | -k (dual mkr)

qaġlunnak- (Ti) (i) to get the lip part of bowhead whale as a share (usu. by third boat to help kill the whale) | -nnak nv

qaqłuaġIk- (i) to be impertinent or insolent by nature; to be impudent (of child); to be argumentative | -aq6 nn +[g]Ik- nv

qaqłualuli- (i) to stick one’s lower lip down, trying to keep from crying (of a child) | -aluk nn -lI-2 nv

qaqłuqpalik greater scaup (Aythya marila) | +qpak(-) nn vv -lik1 nn

qaqłutuuq greater scaup or lesser scaup (Aythya marila or Aythya affinis); shoveler (Anas clypeata) | +tuuq1 nn

qaqpik storage area, like shelving above § see qakpik

qaqquq- to crunch (it) with the teeth

qaqqiaq (Ti) biscuit, muffin | perhaps ‘=I-1 nv [pic]aq4 vn

qaqquaq nut | [pic]aq4 vn

qaqquġnaq (Ti) nut | +naq2 vn

qaqqulaaq pilot bread, cracker | -laaq3 vn

qaqqulaun case of pilot bread | -laaq3 vn =un3 nn

qaqqulauraq cookie, small cracker | -laaq3 vn =uraq1 nn

qaqquliayaaq (Ti) cookie; soda cracker | ?

qaqqun wire heated to bore hole through wood § see qaqu-

qaqsuqtuq (Nu) greenish colored rock used to make the bone hammer | syn kautaq

qaqsuq- to be bleached by weather § see puvitquq-

qaqsrauq red-throated loon (Gavia stellata)

qaqutkIt- (i) to go through all possibilities, explore all alternatives

qaqu- (t) to stick one’s finger or another object in it

qaqutuq- (t) to search by reaching around in it | +tuq-2 vv

qargagiaq (Nu) Sabine’s gull (Xema sabini) § see iqirgagiaq

qargI community house

qargisaġmiuyaaqan fellow clansman | +taq7 nn +miuyaaq nn [pic]qan nn

qargI- (Nu) (t) to trap them=fish, usually ling cod using fish trap

qargil,I- (Nu) (i) to make a fish trap [made with bone covered with piece of fish] | -lI-1 nv

qargIt (Nu) fish trap (for ling cod) | -t (pl mkr)

qargIq ptarmigan § see aqargIq

Qargil,iġvIk [lit. ‘when ptarmigan appear’] month of April | -lIq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

qargiqsiun snare for ptarmigan | +siun nn | also nigatchiaq

qargisaq(-) caribou trap dug in hard snow and covered with soft snow; pitfall; to trap (it=usu. caribou) in a pitfall trap in snow § see qaa1

qargun seine; long fish net dragged behind boat § see qaak-

qarġut- to go over the top surface, to pass over, overshoot (her/him/it) § see. qaa1

qargutaurraq- to bid higher § see qaa1 § rel. nallitchi- atqunałhaaq-

qarraaq or qaaq skin mattress, mattress, mat; (Nu) top of two sleeping skins used with fur up § see qaa1

qarviaq(-) patch for sole of boot; (t) to patch it=sole of boot § rel. anŋik-

qasalluq thick cottonwood bark; scab § see qaa1

qasak- or qasala- (i) to burst out with yelling and cheering when dancing or herding or coming home from a successful hunt (usu. when coming in a boat with walrus) | perhaps +sak- rv or perhaps +sak- rv -la-1 vv § rel. aviu- aviuvIk-

qasaktuq- to make loud noises in order to frighten (it=animal, esp. caribou) during a hunt | +tuq-2 vv

qatchak- (i) to make noise expressing pleasure while dancing (of male) | ‘-k-2 vv

qatchalaaq- (i) to shout with pleasure, e.g. announcing the sunrise when dancing, in whaling (usu of man) | ‘-k-2 vv -la- vv +aq-1 vv

qatchaq- (i) to shout with pleasure (e.g. of whalers, dancers) | perhaps ‘-q-1 vv

qisaġuaq skin of stomach of hoofed animals

qasaq- to splash against (it=waves, sea)

qasaqtaq- to pound, splash repeatedly against (it=waves, sea) | +t/raq-1 vv

qasigiaq spotted seal; harbor seal § rel. natchIQ

qasil,I- (i) to ask, beg, supplicate; to smart from application of salt or ointment on cut; (t) to entreat, plead with her/him (often of child)

qasil,l,iqsu- (i) to constantly beg or ask favors of others | ‘-qtu- vv

qasiŋŋuq- to have a hollow, resonant sound (e.g. mountain)

qasiŋŋuqtaq- (i) to echo, reverberate | +t/raq-1 vv

qasu- (i) to become slack, become unwound

qasuaq- to become calm (of wind or water); (i) to become calm (of person) | -aq-1 vv

qasui- (i) to make something slack; unwind something | -I-8 vv

qasuŋa- (i) to be withered; to be slack, loose | [pic]ŋa- vv

qasuq- (i) to stop, quit | +q-7 vv

qatak child by other than one’s spouse through the formalized spouse exchange

qataŋŋun, (Ti) qataŋun step-sibling (through wife exchange) | ? +ŋun nn

qataŋŋutigiit siblings related through formalized spouse exchange relationship | +ŋun nn +[g]iik nn, vv -t (pl mkr)

qatchIk- (i) to stand out, be higher than others | +tchIk- vv

qatchimaraaġuraq small mound | -maraaq vn :uraq nn

qatchiniq (Ti) cave | ~sIk-1 +niQ1 vn § rel. qaanaaq

qatchiraaq(-) curved mound, raised area, protuberance; (i) to have a protrusion | +raaq4 vn

qatchIq- (t) to add coffee or tea to water

qatchiuq- to prepare broth with blood | perhaps ‘=Iuq-1 nv from qayuq

*qati (root) bass quality of one’s voice

qatikIt- (i) to have a high-pitched voice | -kIt- nv

qatitu- (i) to have a low-pitched voice | +tu- nv

qatik breast of bird

qatigaaġun armor | +[g]ak1 nn -ġun nn, vv

qatigak front part of animal with the rib cage | +[g]ak1 nn

qatigaak or qatikkak front part of animal with the rib cage; breast of human | +[g]ak1 nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

qatiq- (i) to be white

qataak- (i) to become lighter, slightly less dark | perhaps -ak-1 vv § rel. puvitquq-

qatiġniñ white hunting parka cover (used for camouflage in snow, or as church elder’s dress shirt) | +nI-2 vv -ti1 vn

qatiqhak something strikingly white | -qhak vn

qatiqtaaq something white; white (name of color) | +taaq1 vn

qatiqtitaq- to have whitecaps on ocean | +titaq vn § see qaggaq(-)

qattiġIk- (i) to be very white | perhaps ‘-Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

qatiqtualik 30-30 rifle

qatqIt- (i) to become an adult; to be in one’s prime; to reach the summit, top

qarraq(-) or qarraatit- (Nu) sound of an echo; (i) to echo, resonate, make a distant noise which resounds once | -aq-1 vv -tit-2 vv § rel. qaiġuatit- qattaq qattauraq(-)

qarraatitaq- (Nu) to echo, resound repeatedly | -aq-1 vv -tit-2 vv -aq-1 vv § rel. qaiġuatitaq-

qattaġniQ valley; pass; valley or passage in the mountains § rel. qattaq- natiġnaq

qattaq- (i) to be bare, be without clutter

qattatit- (i) to be absolutely bare | -tit-2 vv

qattaq water barrel with lid | +ttaq(-) vn,vv § see

qattaġruk barrel, keg | -ġruk nn

qattauraġmiutaq (Ti) canned food | :uraq1 nn +miutaq nn

qattauraq(-) small oil drum or water barrel; (Ti) can, tin bell; (i) to ring (of bell, clock, etc.); (t) to ring and she/he has not gone yet | :uraq1 nn

qagu- (i) for day to break § rel. *qau

qagguvIk daybreak, dawn | ‘-vIk1 vn

qaulluq or qaulluuraq or qaummałuk or qaummałuuraq crystal | -lluQ vn

qaumaavyuk- (i) to be dark and gloomy; be foggy | +ma-1 vv +avyuk-

>qaumaititaq(-) sheet lightning; (i) to strike (of lightning) § rel. igniġuuqpatitaq(-)

qaumaniQ beam of light; halo; nimbus | +ma-1 vv +niQ vn

qaummaġIk- (i) to be bright, well illuminated | +ma-1 vv -Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

qaummaġruaq something very bright | +ma-1 vv -Q4 vn +ġruaq nn

qaummak- (i) to become daylight; to ascend (of sun) | +ma-1 vv ‘-k-2 nv

qaummaliaġaq- (Ti) (i) to strike (of lightning) | +ma-1 vv -Q4 vn –liaq-1 nv +aq-1 vv § rel. igniqpalliaġaq- igniġuuqpatit-

qaummałuk crystal, glass, quartz, translucent rock | +ma-1 vv -Q4 vn -łuk1 nn

qaumman light | +ma1 vv ‘n1 vn

qaummaq light from a source (e.g. sun or lightbulb), brightness | +mmaq(-) vn

qaummaq- (i) to be clear, translucent; to be light (of hair); to be a light-skinned, light-haired person | +ma-1 vv ‘-q1 vv

qaummaqsI- to become clear (of water); to become red hot| +ma-1 vv ‘-q1 +sI-1 vv | ant. isuqsI-

qaummasIq(-) color; (t) to install lighting system in it | +ma-1 vv ‘-n1 vn ~Iq-1 nv

qaummatit- (i) to flash (of light); to have the house lights on | +ma-1 vv ‘-q1 -tit-2 vv

qaummatitaq- (i) to keep flashing (of a light) | +ma-1 vv ‘-q1 -tit-2 vv +aq-1 vv

qauniQ shade of color | +niQ1 vn

qaurugraq (Ti) to wait for dawn | +t/ruksraq vn qausaġataqtuq

qautchIq- or qautchiġruq- (t) to wait for it=daybreak, dawn, sunrise @ qautchII- qautchiġruI- | +[t]sIq- vv

*qau (root) consciousness, awareness, alertness § rel. qaġa- qaunagi- qauri-

qaurI- (i) to regain consciousness; to come to one’s senses; to become aware of one’s surroundings (of a growing child)

qauġri- (i) to regain consciousness | +ġrI- nv, rv, vv

qaurił,ł,ak- (i) to suddenly become sober | -łłak- vv

qaurima- (i) to be conscious, aware | +ma-1 vvd

qaurimaiq- (i) to become unconscious; to become numb; (t) to knock her/him/it unconscious | +ma-1 vvd :Iq2 vdv § rel. aamit-

qaurimait- (i) to be unconscious; to be numb | +ma-1 vvd :It-1 vdv

qaurimaiyaq- (t) to put her/him/it under anesthesia | +ma-1 vvd :Iyaq- vv

qaurimmaaġIk- (i) to be thoughtful, conscientious, mentally alert, intelligent, perceptive | -mmaaġIk- vv

qaurimmaġiit- (i) to lack sense, perception | +mmaġIIt- vv

qaurrisaq something that one had during childhood and that one is therefore accustomed to | ‘saq5 vn

qau- (Nu) (t) to put it=fish on a spit to roast after poking the fish through the mouth with a stick @ qaurI-

qauraq (Nu) fish roasted on a spit | +t/raq4 vn

qau qau (call of duck)

qaugak duck | +[g]ak nn § rel. mitiq

>Qaugaich Anniviat (Nuvugmiut) circa May 26 to June 25 [Simpson, John “IX 1853, ka-wai-a-ni-i-en birds hatched. X. June 25 ka-wa-lan pa-yan-r-wi-en (young) birds fledged.”] § rel. suvluġvik [qaugaich anil,aitchut aglaan qaugaich mannil,isuurut]

qaugalaaq duckling | -laaq3 nn

qaugaluk or qaugałuk small bird | -luk1 nn

qaugauraq(-) kite; (i) to fly a kite | :uraq1 nn

Qaugait Piviat (Nuvugmiut) month of April [Simpson, John 1853 VIII, “April 27, ka-wait-pi-i-en birds arrive.”] § rel. Qil,ġit Tatqiat

qaugavIk male white eider duck; ??duck with hooked bill | -vIk2 nn

qaukkiaq- (i) to go duck hunting | ‘=Iaq-4 nv

qauqallIt- (i) to make noise in flight (of ducks) | ?-qallIt- v

qauqqauqtuq- (i) to call (of eider duck) | -q-2 nv +tuq-2 vv

qauk (Nu) top end of sheep breastbone

qaukłIQ head person, president, leader, chief, boss | +llIQ vv

qaukłiłhiñat executive session

*qaunak (root) carefulness § rel. *qau

qaunagi- (t) to watch over, take care of her/him/it; (i) to be on the alert for her/him/it @ qaunaksrI- / maunaqtuat qaunagilugich go ahead and cross over but watch out for the soft areas where you may sink | +[g]i-2 rv

qaunagnaq- (i) to need attention, care constantly / pakkaqtuvaił,ł,uniuna qaunagnaqtuq he is into everything so one has to watch him constantly | +naq-1 rv

qaunakkuti- (i) to watch out for, take care of each other | +[g]i-2 vv ‘ti-2 vv

qaunakłaaq- to be careful with (it) | +laaq-1 vv

qaunaksrI(-) caretaker, watchman; (i) to be on guard duty; to be a watchman | +rI1 vn

qaunatqIk- (Ti) qaunnatqik- (i) to be responsible, careful, considerate, take good care of one’s things | -tqIk-4 vv

qaunnaq animal fat

qauq forehead

qauġun (Nu) tattoo on forehead | -ġun nn

qauġutchIq- (t) to bridle it=reindeer, horse; (i) to be now bridled | -ġun nn ~Iq-1 nv

qauġutik bridle for sled reindeer | -ġun nn -k (dual mkr)

qauqsiaq fur frontlet (worn by traveler) | +siaq2 nn

qauq- (i) to be pried loose; (t) to pry it loose

qauqtiġII- (i) to loosen things that are frozen or stuck together | +tiq-2 vv +II- vv

qauqtiq- (t) to loosen them by prying or pulling those that are frozen or stuck together | +tiq-2 vv

qauqi- (i) to get a splinter or thorn in one’s flesh

qauqqun or qauqqutaq splinter, sliver in one’s flesh; stick placed inside footgear to hold its shape [?] | ‘-n1 vn

qauqqusIq- (t) to put a stick inside it=footwear for shaping or drying | ‘-n1 vn ~Iq-1 nv

qauqqiñ boom of sailboat § rel. tukiqtuun

qauqqigauraq (Nu) gaff of sailboat | -gauraq nn

qauriaq- (i) to rest

*qav (dem root) in there or up the coast (extented and visible); in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) § rel. *kIv

qamna, dual qapkuak, pl qapkua (abs dem pron) that one in there, or up the coast (extented and visible); that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

qaptuma or qavsruma or qavruma, dual qapkuak , pl qapkua (dem rel pron) that one in there or up the coast (extented and visible); that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

qaptumanI or qavsrumanI or qavrumanI, dual qapkugnagni, pl qapkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one in there or up the coast (extented and visible); located with that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

qaptumaŋŋa or qavsrumaŋŋa or qavrumaŋŋa, dual qapkugnaŋŋa, pl qapkunaŋŋa from that one in there or up the coast (extented and visible); from that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qaptumatun or qavsrumatun or qavrumatun, dual qapkugnaktun, pl qapkunatitun like that one in there, or up the coast (extented and visible); like that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

qaptumiŋa or qavsrumiŋa or qavrumiŋa, dual qapkugniŋa, pl qapkuniŋa (of) that one in there or up the coast (extented and visible); (of) that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

qaptumuŋa or qavsrumuŋa or qavrumuŋa, dual qapkugnuŋa, pl qapkunuŋa to that one in there or up the coast (extented and visible); to that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

qaptumuuna or qavsrumuuna or qavrumuuna, dual qapkugnuuna, pl qapkunuuna via, with that one in there or up the coast (extented and visible); via, with that one in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

qavanI (dem adv in loc) located up the coast (extented and visible); further up the coast or in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +anI (dem loc)

qavanIit- (i) to be located up the coast (extented and visible); further up the coast, or in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

qavaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from up the coast (extented and visible); from Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

qavaŋŋaat recent arrivals from the east | +aŋŋa (dem abl) -aq6 nn -t (plural mkr)

qavaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from up the coast (extented and visible); from Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

qavaŋŋaq- (i) to come from up the coast, from Canada or Greenland | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

qavva (dem adv) in there or up the coast (extented and visible); in Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously)| ‘a (dem adv mkr)

qavuŋa (dem adv in term) to in there or up the coast (extented and visible); to Canada or Greenland (not visible but have been observed or seen previously) | +uŋa (dem term)

qavuŋanmun towards up the coast (extented and visible); towards further up the coast towards Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +uŋa (dem term) +nmun (term)

qavuŋaq- (i) to go up the coast (extented and visible); to go further up the coast or to Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

qavuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of up the coast (extented and visible); via, through further up the coast, via Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | uuna (dem via)

qavuunaaq- (i) via, through, by way of up the coast (extented and visible); via, through further up the coast, via Canada or Greenland (not visible at the moment but have been observed or seen previously) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

qavaasuk spectacled eider (Somateria albeola); (Ti) female spectacled eider

qavaq- (i) to be on its back in the water (of seal)

qavaġaq- or qavaġauraq- (i) to lie on its back intermittently (of seal, walrus) | +aq-1 vv or +aq-1 vv :uraq- vv

qavausiq (Ti) black outer skin of whale

qavia sand, gravel § rel. maġia, maġġaq, tuapak

qaviarauraq fine sand | -raaq1 nn

qaviat- (t) to bury, cover it with sand @ qaviatchI- | +t-2 nv, vv

qaviuq- (i) to make its characteristic cry (of ptarmigan)

qavlu eyebrow

qavlunaaq, qavlunaq eyebrow ridge; brow of hill; white man | -naaq3 nn

qavluniq- (Ti) (i) to come near shore (of school of fish)

qavrak- or qarvak- to flense, remove blubber from (it=animal skin) § rel. qavsiraq, kil,iuq-, qaprak-

qavragvIk rounded, narrow, approximately 5-foot-long piece of wood on which skin is scraped | +vIk1 vn

qavsIt (interrog) how many

qavsiiksraq something that can be made into several identical items | +ksraq1 nn

qavsiiksrauraq- (i) to be a certain number | +ksraq1 nn :un1 vn -raq-2 nv

qavsiñik (interrog) with how many | (nik (mod)

qavsiñukpa (interrog) what time is it | -nuk- nv +p/va (interrog 3s)

qavsiraq piece of blubber § rel. qavrak-

qavsiraaq (Ti) whale blubber cut in pieces (as for rendering) | -aq6 nn § rel. uqsruġaaq

qavvIk wolverine

qavviatchiaq marten | -atchiaq2 nn

qavviksiun wolverine trap | +siun nn

qayaġulik ringed seal

QayaiqsiġvIk Icy Cape, Alaska

qayaŋnaq- (i) to be fragile § rel. qaunagnaq-

qayaq decked-in skin kayak for one person

qayaġiaq canoe

qayaqtuq- to use a kayak

qayaqhiuq- (i) to waddle, rock (of boat); to paddle over surface of water (of duck); to swim, paddling with feet | perhaps -qhiuq- nv

qayaqhuaq- (Nu) to float above water | perhaps -qhuaq- nv

qayau- (i) to capsize in a kayak | ?:u-5 nv

qayyI- to build a kayak (for her/him); (t) to build it into a kayak | =I-1 nv

qayyiñġaq (Nu) skin covering of kayak | =I-1 nv perhaps -nġaq2

qayyirautit (Nu) sled for transporting kayak | ‘=Iraq- nv :un1 vn -t (pl mkr)

*qayuI- (root) detachment

qayuił,ł,ak- (Ti) qayuil,l,ak- (i) to slip and land on a hard surface | -łłak- vv

>qayuitchaġnaq- (Ti) (i) to be slippery | perhaps +saq-2 vv +naq-2 vv

>qayuk- (Ti) (t) to shape it

>qayułuk (Nu) dark-colored fish skin used for parka trim; legendary fish-like creature which travels through the snow

qayuŋnilik crystal (rock or bead) § rel. qaulluq

qayuq boiled blood broth; tea

qayuksraq dry tea or coffee from which beverage is prepared; tea leaves | -ksraq1 nn § rel. papaksraq

qayusaaq broth mixed with blood; (Ti) cooked mixture of flour and water | -saaq(-)3 nn § rel. imiġaq, palauvaaq

qayuqłak ripple on surface of snow / qayuqłait anuġim tainna pikkaŋi natiġvikami ripples on surface of snow are made by the wind when it blows close to the ground (used in telling direction)

qayuuttaaq pine grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator)

qayuuttaayuuq or (Nu) qayuuttavauraq slate-colored junco (Junco hyemalis) | -yuuq nn or =vak1 nn :uraq nn

qayuuttavak dunlin, red-backed dunlin (Calidris alpina) | =vak1 nn

qayuuttaq ladle; large wooden spoon; water dipper

qayuuttauraq lower tip of sternum or breatbone | :uraq1 nn

qayuuttaksralik ram that has horns just right to make into a ladle | +ksraq(-)1 nn, nv -lik1 nn|

qayyiiġun or qayyiuġun northern phalarope (Lobipes lobatus)

qhai! qhai! (excl) shouted when arrivals come into view

qia- to cry for (her/him/it)

qiamil,at- (t) to make her/him=usu. child cry repeatedly @ qiamil,atchI- | +sI- vv

qiarI- (t) to make her/him cry | +rI-4 vv

qirran mourning song; lament; dirge; reason for crying | -rran vn

qirranaa(q) one who cries easily, a crybaby, continually crying person | -rran vn +naaq2 vn

qirruk- to cry continuously for (her/him/it) | perhaps =rruk- vv

qialġun harpoon head which goes into whale when bomb is expended, attached with rope to a float § rel. kiŋu

qiamit- (t) to catch it with a bola qiamitchI-

qiamŋuq (Ti) smooth ice parallel to shore, a cake of ice smoothed by spray § rel. qaimŋuq

qianaruutuuq or qiaranatuuq golden crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) | +tuuq1 nn

qianġaq cross fox

qianġaqtuluk blue fox | +tuluk nn

qiraq Iñupiaq delicacy made out of the outer intestinal membrane of a bearded seal that has been scraped off by hand from the intestine and chopped on a slab of bearded seal blubber

qiagiyaq- (t) to remove it=intestinal membrane of intestine @ qiiqsI- | :Iyaq- nv

qirrI- (i) to make “qiaq” | ‘=I-1 nv

qigliq (Ti) breakable utensil, plate, cup § rel. qikł,Iq [should this be qil,giq?]

>qigl,uk large ventral, abdominal blood vessel; inferior vena cava, hollow vein, one of the large veins

qigl,uk- (i) to regret a loss

qigl,ugi- (t) to regret losing her/him/it | +[g]i-1 vv

*qiġa (root) stiffness

qiġñiqtuligruaq (Nu) [aŋusalluġuŋail,aaq] big sheep with black horn stubs | perhaps +tuq5 -lik1 nn +ġruaq nn

qiġñiqtulik or (Nu) qiġñiqtuligauraq sheep about three years old (with black stubs on medium-sized horns) | perhaps +tuq5 vn -lik1 nn +[ġ]aq3 vn

>qiġrun (Nu) reason for not doing something; reason for what one does [is this a contradictory definition?]

qiġrusIq- (Nu) (i) to have something which occupies one’s time, keeping one from other tasks; (t) to occupy her/his time keeping her/him from other tasks / qiġrusiqsuŋa nuvagmik cold is preventing me from doing tasks | ~Iq-1 nv

qiġuviak refrozen slush

*qii (root) convulsion

qiiŋa- to roll back (e.g. eyes of person dying or having a convulsion) | [pic]ŋa- vv

qiiqsruq- (i) to have an epileptic convulsion | +qsruq-2 rv

qiiligruk- (i) to clench fists and teeth in frustration | +rruk- rv,vv,nv

qiiłłuaq piece of excrement hanging from rectum (usu of a dog with tapeworm keeping the excrement from falling in pieces)

*qiiqi (root) creaking § rel. *qiġii

qiiqiġiraq door hinge | perhaps +ġiq vn -aq6 nn

qiiya- to feel cold, be cold (of person)

qiiyalIq- to become cold, feel cold (of person) | -lIq-3 vv

qiiyanaq- (i) to be cold (of place, object, weather) | +naq-1 vv

qiiyannaq very cold weather | +nnaq1 vn

qikaq- (i) to be standing; (Ti) to stand up

>qikaaġvIk place to stand on sled runners | -aq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

qikaaluk- (i) to stand alone for quite some time (e.g. when waiting by breathing hole of seal); (i) to loiter for some time

qikaaluk- (Nu) (i) to make a squeaking noise as one walks on ice § see *qiki4

qikaġaaq- (i) to leisurely stand around | +aaq(-)1 vv

qikiit- (i) to be bold, confident, daring | :It-1 vv § rel. kiiñaġnIq-, sapiqsralaIt-

qiksigi- (t) to feel shy, intimidated, diffident toward her/him | perhaps ~sIk-3 vv +[g]i-2 vdv [(t) to respect, admire, be in awe of her/him/it | +[g]i-2 vdv § rel. taluġi-

qiksiksraq- (i) to regard someone with respect; to feel unworthy and diffident in someone’s presence; to feel shy or intimidated | perhaps ~sIk3- vv -qsraq-1 vv § rel. sapiqsraq-

qiksil,l,iq- to have a glimpse or hasty view | perhaps ~sIk-3 vv -lliq-2 vv

*qiki4 (root) creakiness

qikallIt- (i) to become alert because of creaking noise made by person or animal walking on packed snow | perhaps -llIt- vv

qikaaluk- (i) for it to be crunchy when walking on it (of snow) | perhaps -aq-1 vv -luk-3 vv

qikiġġaaqpaluk- (i) to make a creaking sound when walked on (of snow) | +ġġaq(-) rv, rn -aq-1 vv +p/valuk-2 vv

qikiġġaġnaq- (i) to creak underfoot easily (of frozen packed snow) | +ġġaq(-) r,v rn +naq-1 vv

qikiġġaq creaking noise made by walking, running, crawling on frozen snow | +ġġaq(-) rv, rn

qikiġġaqtaq- (i) to make a creaking noise on snow | +ġġaq(-) rv,rn +t/raq-1 vv

qikiġġIt- (t) to frighten, startle her/him/it with noise of one’s steps in snow or stepping on a twig | also siaksrIt-

qikiqtaq island

Qikiqtaġruk Kotzebue, Alaska; Herschel Island, NWT, Canada | -ġruk nn

qikiqtaġruk like an island

qikiqtasugruk big island | -sugruk nn

qikkuaq(-) (Ti) frost on ground; (t) to get frosted over (of land) § see qiqit- qiu-

qikł,Iq china utensil which shatters easily § rel. qigliq, qił,khIq

qiluaq(-) (Nu) taut line attached to snare used for catching squirrels; (t) to catch

it=squirrel using a taut line attached to a snare, covered with grass and set at a

squirrel hole | [pic]aq4 vn [siksrik qilusaġaa JMN and Justus Mekiana]

§ see maksruksaq

>qiluaqtuq- (Nu) (i) to use a taut line attached to a snare to catch squirrels; (t) to use a taut line attached to a snare to catch it=squirrel | [pic]aq4 vn +tuq-3 nv

qiluiññaq bow without braided sinew, used to hunt small game; unwound bow

| :Iññaq3 vn

qilummI- (Nu) (t) to hold onto it=fishing line when a fish is on; to “play” it=fish;

when a person pulls the bow string and is ready to let the arrow go | +mmI-6 vv

qiluŋa- (i) to have slanted eyes; to be slanted | [pic]ŋa- vv

qiluqipagaq- (i) to keep straining at harness or line | -qipak- vv +aq-1 vv

qiluqipak- (i) to strain at harness or line once | -qipak-1 vv

qiluqqI- (i) to be taut | -qqI- vv

qiluqqIt- (i) to pull a back muscle; (Nu) to have a sprain, muscle cramp; be stretched taut; (t) to pull it taut; (i) to stretch it to its limit | +qqIt- vv

qiluqqiutaq or qiluqqisaun sprain | +qqIt- vv :utaq vn, +qqIt- vv -saq-2 :un1 vn

qilusaq- (Nu) (t) to snare it=fox by placing a snare at its hole; (i) to be caught by placing a snare at a fox’s hole | -saq1 nv § rel. qilutaq-

qilutaak- (i) to be confined, restricted, unable to move freely and do what one wants to

do | -taak- vv

qilutaq- (Nu) (i) to be caught (of fox) by a snare placed at its hole | perhaps +taq-9 nv § rel. qilusaq-

qiluuq- (t) to stretch it @ qiluuqsI- | :uq-2 vv

qiluk- (i) to warp, wrinkle from heat; (Ti) (t) to get scorched (e.g. of parka fur, plastic)

qilukłuk- to warp (it) | -kłuk- vv

qil,aaq thin maktak from whale’s mouth

qil,aiq- (i) to have a hole in boot sole; (t) to wear a hole through it=boot sole | :Iq-2 nv

qil,ak(-) sky, heaven, roof; (i) to be in the process of having a roof put on (of house); (t) to put a roof on it

qil,agakuaqtuat palatal sounds | -gaq8 nn -kuaq- nv +tuaq (part) -t (pl mkr)

qil,agaq roof of mouth, hard palate | -gaq8 nn

qil,agluk- (i) to be cloudy and windy | +luk(-)1 vn, nv

qilagluksi- (Ti) (t) to get cloudy and windy | +luk(-)1 vn, nv +sI-1 vv

qil,aguaq upstairs | -guaq2 nv

qil,aich supporting crosswise roof beams | :It (pl mkr)

qil,aktaq ice cache (above ground) | +t/raq4 vn

qil,aŋmiutaq collared lemming (Dicronstonyx groenlandicus) | (miu +t/raq4 vn

qil,ak-1 (i) to drum

qil,aun an Inupiaq drum

qil,aurraqti drummer

qil,ak-2 to knit (it)

qil,aktaq knitted item | +t/raq4 vn

qil,aun knitting needle | :un1 vn

qil,alugaq beluga whale; qimaktiraaq frozen fish, slightly aged with ice crystals formed inside which resulted from the fish thawing out and refreezing

qimiaq(-) small groove in wood of sled or in rock, bone, for fastening to something; (t) to carve a groove in woodwork of sled or in rock, bone, for fastening to something; (t) to fill it=groove in woodwork of sled § rel. qappaq

qimiġiak eyelashes of both eyes | +iaq2 vn -k (dual mkr)

qimilġu- (t) to open and scrutinize it=e.g. book, box, bag @ qimilġuI-

qimilġuuq- (i) to look at, scrutinize oneself; (t) to look at, scrutinize it | -uq-2 vv

qimIq1, dual qimmIk net sinker line, net line

qimmI- to make a border line (out of it)

qimmIq- (t) to attach the border line on it @ qimmiqsI-

qimIq2 a hill

qimiaġruk low ridge | -aġruk nn

qimialuk foothill | -aluk nn

qimiġaaq ridge, line of hills | +[g]aq2 nn -aq6 nn

qimiġaq hill | +[ġ]aq2 nn

qimiġluit (Ti) its back (of whale); dorsal area | +luk2 nn :It (3p poss mkr)

qimiġl,uk(-) spine; (i) to be endowed with foothills | +luk2

qimIt- (i) to strangle oneself; (t) to strangle her/him/it

qimisaq one who has been strangled | [pic]aq4 vn

qimiutaq (Nu) rope with noose for hanging | :utaq1 vn

qimmaksaq- (i) to become frustrated

qimmaksaI- (t) to make her/him become frustrated | -I-8 vv

qimmaksaliyaIt- (i) to not be angered easily | -lIq-3 vv -ya-1 vv :It-1 vv

qimmaksautaIt- (i) to be easy going | :un1 :it-1 vv

qimmIq dog | also qipmIq

qimmiaġruk puppy | -aġruk nn

qimmiayaaq (Ti) newborn pup (not common) | -ayaaq nn

qimmiġl,uk- (i) to have trouble with one’s dogs dying from sickness; (i) to have strong and healthy dogs | +luk(-)1 nv, vv

qimmilisigraq or qiniq- (i) to be angry

qinnak- (i) to be angry, fighting; (t) to fight her/him/it | ‘-k2- vv

qinnaI- (t) to anger her/him/it | ‘-k2- vv -I8- vv

>qiniqqaluk- (i) to pant, gasp (esp in pain) § rel. aniqtipkaq-

qinŋuq upper part of cheekbone under the eye

qinu(-) layer of slush ice which forms on ocean at freeze up and clings to shore; to form a thin layer of slush ice (of ocean at freeze-up)

qinuaq- (t) to form a layer of slush ice (of ocean at freeze-up) | -aq-8 nv

qiñiq- to look at, watch (her/him/it)

qiñaa- to look for, search for (her/him/it) | -a2- vv

qiñġun pupil of eye | :un1

qiñiġaaq picture, photograph | +[ġ]aq6- vv [pic]aq4 nv

qiñiġaq- to photograph (her/him/it); (Nu, Ti) to look with the aid of binoculars or telescope at (her/him/it) | -ġaq6- vv

qiñiġaun camera; (Nu) telescope, scope of rifle; (Ti) sight on rifle | -ġaq6- vv :un1 vn § rel. iriġruaq

qiñiġautik (Nu) binoculars | -ġaq6- vv :un1 vn -k (dual mkr) | syn iriġruak

qiñiġiaq vision | +iaq2 vn

qiñiġruaq- to stare at, glare at (her/him/it) sternly | +ġruaq-3 vv

qiñiġvIIt- (i) to not know where to look because of embarrassment, shame | +vIk1 vn :It-1 nv

qiñiqsaġataq- to stare at (her/him/it) for quite a while | +saġataq- vv

qiñiqsitaaġiaq- (Ti) (i) to go to a movie | +sitaaq- vv +iaq1- vv

qiñiqsitaaq- (Ti) (i) to watch a movie | +sitaaq(-) vv, nv

qiñiqsitaat (Ti) movie, film | +sitaaq(-) vv, vn -t (pl mkr)

qiñiqtuaq movie, picture book | +t/ruaq2 (part 3s)

qiñiyunaq-, (Nu) qiñiyuġnaq- or qiññaġIk- (i) to be pretty, pleasing to the eye | -yunaq- vv -yuġnaq- vv or ‘-Q4 vn +[g]Ik-

qiññaapak- to stare at (it) longingly, enviously | ‘-aq1- vv -pak(-)3 vv, vn

qiññaq appearance | ‘-Q4 vn

qiñiqsIq tonsil see kiñiqsIq

>qiñŋuq or qikŋuq or qitŋuq furthest inland point of the lake

>qiñŋuqłIQ or qiñŋusaaq- to fasten (it) on with a thin rope or twine (as on a net)

qiñu-1 (i) to mourn (for her/him/it); (i) to search and cry for its young (of animal); to cry fitfully (of baby)

qiñunġuu- (i) to mourn | -nġuu- vv

*qinu-2 (root) arrogance

qiññuaq- (i) to beg, appeal to someone’s sympathy, mercy or goodwill; (t) to beg of her/him; to appeal to her/his sympathy, mercy or goodwill | ‘-aq-1 vv

qiññuaqtuġvigi- (t) to beg of “her/him” | ‘-aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv +vIk1 vn [g]i-1 nv

qiññuaqtuq- (i) to beg, ask | ‘-aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv

qiññuaqtuun supplication (often to the moon in traditional times) | ‘-aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

qiñuisaaq- (i) to act humbly, meekly (as a single occurrence) | :It-1 rv -saaq-1 vv

qiñuIt- (i) to be shy, humble, meek by nature | :It-1 rv § rel. uluġIIt- kiiñaġnIq-

qiŋaq nose; house ventilator; blowhole of whale

qiŋaaġaġvIk breathing hole through the ice (of whale trapped under ice) | -aq6 nn +aq-1 vv +vIk1 vn § rel. allu

qiŋaaq bridge of nose | -aq6 nn § rel. nuŋŋaq, akuliaq

qiŋaġluk porcupine | perhaps +luk1 nn

qiŋalik or (Ti) qiŋaligaaluk king eider (Somateria spectabilis) | -lik1 nn

qiŋałłuak- (i) to wrinkle one’s nose to show displeasure | +łłuak- rv

qiŋaraq shinbone; plateau, ridge which is flat on top; (Nu) ridge along front of nose § rel. nuŋŋaq

qiŋarraaq- (i) to injure one’s shinbone; (t) to injure her/his shinbone | ‘-aq- nv

qiŋŋak both nostrils | ‘-k (dual mkr)

qiŋniQ small underground cache

qiŋŋaq- (i) to be blinded by light; to squint one’s eyes because of bright light

qiŋŋaġnaq- (i) to be glaring, be too bright | +naq-1 vv

qipaluaq steep undercut riverbank; curve; inside corner of eye, where tear duct is

qipi- (i) to toss and turn in bed; to writhe, to twist the body, usu in pain; (Nu) (i) to be wound; (t) to wind it (of a clock); (t) to twist, screw it=lid on or off

qipiġun (Nu) interwoven pattern of braided sinew on back of bow or anything that is wound | +ġun vn

qipiktuq- or qipiktula- (i) to run around; to move around, not keep still (of a child) | -ktuq- vv or -ktuq- vv -la- vv

qipimmisuk- (Ti) (i) to be bothered by noise | +mmI-6 vv +suk-3 vv

qipinġiun swivel on dog team hitch rope | +nġIq- vv :un1 vn

qipiŋa- (i) to be twisted | (ŋa- vv

qipiŋuaksimaaq- (i) to be in a squatting position; (Nu) to sit with one’s legs crossed | +simaaq- vv

qipiqsruq- (t) to wind something tightly around it | +t-1 vv [pic]qsruq-2 vv

qipit- (t) to wind it around something | +t-1 vv

qipitaġaaq something one must wind up

qipitaq bundle; something bound | +t-1 vv (aq4 vn

qipititchi- (Nu, Ti) (t) to wring it=neck of something, esp a duck | +t-1 vv [pic]tit-1 vv +sI-4 vv

qipititchiraq (Nu) duck with wrung neck; something with its neck wrung | +t-1 vv [pic]tit-1 vv +sI-4 vv +t/raq4 vn

qivliġIt (Nu) chain of moose, caribou or bearded seal rope [are these twisted?]

qippun something to wind with; clock or watch winder key; screw driver?? | ‘-n1 vn

qipputilik screw | ‘-n1 vn -lik1 nn

qipputit thread on screw or pipe | ‘-n1 vn -t (pl mkr)

qivralugauraq(-) a curl; (i) to curl (of shaving, etc.) | ~raq1 vn +luk2 nn +[g]aq3 nn :uraq(-) nn § rel. savviQ

qivraq, or qivrautaq twine, twisted sinew or thread | ~raq1 vn

qivrauraq twine | ~raq1 vn :uraq(-) nn

qivrI- (i) to make string or thread by twisting, usu from caribou leg sinew; (t) to cause her/him to toss and turn in bed | ~raq1 vn =I-1 nv

>qivyaq (Ti) corkscrew formation, screw thread, three-dimensional spiral | ~yaq2 vn

qipmIq (Nu) dog § see qimmIq

qipmiġiksilaaq- (Nu) (i) to compete in dog racing | +[g]Ik- nv [pic]tilaaq(-) vv,vn

qipmil,iqun (Nu) dog whip | -liqun nn

qipmil,iqutitaq- (Nu) to whip (them=dogs) | -liqun nn +[t]aq-2 nv

qipmiuraq (Nu) pup; qipuit-

qipuk- (t) to scratch, scrape, mar it @ qipuI-

qippuil,aaq something unscratched, unmarred, smooth | ‘-Q4 vn :Iñaaq nn

qippulik something scratched, marred, e.g. surface, blade | ‘-Q4 vn -lik1 nn

qippuQ a scratch or mar in a surface, e.g. table, knifeblade | ‘-Q4 vn

qippuich the inside of a gun bore | ‘-Q4 vn ‘-t (pl mkr)

qipuagniQ scratch made by an object | (ak-1 vv +niQ1 vn

qipuak- (i) to be scratched by an object; (t) to scratch her/him/it with an object | (ak-1 vv

qipuktuq- (i) to receive scratch marks from an object; (t) to scratch, scrape or mar her/him/it with an object @ qipuktuI- | +tuq-2 vv

qiputaq(-) Iñupiaq game (similar to horseshoes) played with a hard stick usually 5 to 7 inches in length where the sticks are thrown toward a stake in the ground and the person whose stick is closest to the stake wins; a piece of bone thrown in game, the point of which is to throw this piece as close as possible to a peg in the ground; hard stick usually 5 to 7 inches in length used in re-enforcing a bow; (i) to play a game of qiputaq; (t) to re-enforce it=bow

qiputchaq- (i) to throw the “qiputaq” in game | ‘-q-5 nv

qiqi- (i) to be frozen

qiqirruti- (t) to freeze “with it” | +t-2 vv +ruti-2 vv

qiqisiit- (i) to be able to tolerate the cold, even when inadequately dressed | -sia- vv -It- vv

qiqit- to freeze | +t-2 vv § rel. qiu-

qiqitiq- (t) to get frostbitten | +tiq-3 vv § rel. qiqsIq(-) (Nu) splint; (i) to have a splint on; (t) to put a splint on it

qiqsutaq(-) splint or cast for broken limb; (t) to put a splint on it

qiqsutchIq- (i) to have a splint or a cast on one’s body; (t) to put a splint or a cast on her/him/it to re-enforce it

qirgiq- or qitiġaaġun sled tug; harness trace | +[ġ]aq3 nn -aq-6 nn -ġun nn

qitiġaq spinal cord; (Nu) front, flat area of breastbone | +[ġ]aq3 nn

qitiġusianikpata (lit. ‘after they have had lunch’) in the afternoon, after lunch | :un1 vn ~Iq-1 nv -anik- vv +kpata (cond)

qitiġusIq- (i) to eat lunch | :un1 vn ~Iq-1 nv

qituġutaq something for lunch | +utaq1 nn

qitiqłiaġun ring (for finger) | +łłIQ nn -aq6 nn -ġun nn

qitiqłiaq piece of seal skin or leather sewn together, used to protect fingers when sewing | +łłIQ vn -aq6 nn

qitiqłIQ middle finger; middle one | +łłIQ vn

qitiqłiġmIk- or (Ti) qitiġliġmIk- (i) to do the finger pull with the middle finger | +łłIQ vn +mIk-1 nv

qitiqpaq- (i) to be at the middle (as sun at noon, car in road, etc.); (t) to put her/him/it toward center | +paq- nv

qitiqqaq- (i) to be at the middle, be halfway; to be noon | =qaq-3 rv, vv

qitiqquutaq (Ti) lunch | perhaps -qquutaq nn

qitiqquutchiq- (Ti) (i) to eat lunch | -qquutaq nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

qitunġaq offspring, child;(Nu) individual dog trace (which is attached to the harness trace) § rel. qitiġaaġun

>qitunġaaġun individual dog harness rope | -aq6 nn -ġun nn

qitunġauraq baby, child | :uraq nn

qitunġI- (i) to bear, have children | =I-1 nv

qitusuk- (i) to chuckle over something

qitusuksaaq- (t) to try to make someone laugh | [pic]saaq-2 vv

qitusuksaI- (i) to try to make someone laugh | [pic]saq-3 vv -I-6 vv

qitusuksaun clown, comedian | [pic]saq-3 vv :un1 vn

qitusuksautigi- (t) to make fun of her/him/it | [pic]saq-3 vv :un1 vn +[g]u-1 nv

qitusuŋnaq- (i) to be funny | +naq-2 vv

qitut- (i) to be soft, tender, pliable

qitukkait- (Nu) (i) to be inflexible, stiff, not pliable | -kkaq-1 vv :It-1 vv § rel. tiggaq-

qitukłI- or qitugli- (i) to become pliable, softer (of skin); (t) to soften, make it=skin pliable by turning and twisting it | -kłI-1 vv

qitummak- (t) to prepare it=leather by softening and tanning @ qitummaI- | -mmak-2 vv

qitummaktaq soft tanned skin; leather | -ma-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv +t/raq4 vn

qiuġruq- (Ti) (i) to have a convulsion, fit | [pic]qsruq-2 vv § also qiiqsruq- rel. aa-

qiuq- (t) to thin fur

qiuġaq- (t) to remove hair from skin; to cut her/his/its hair to the scalp or skin; to give her/him a crewcut unevenly, leaving bald spots | +aq-1 vv

qiuġvIk wooden board for scraping hair from animal skin, for cutting leather | +vIk1 vn§ see ikkiQ suluksriuġvik

qiuqIt- (i) to make its characteristic sound (of seagull) | -qIt-1 vv

qivġu- (Ti) to mourn her/him/it § rel. qivuġu-

qivi- (i) to lie on one’s back

qiviŋaaq- (i) to stand proudly; stand erect | [pic]ŋaaq- vv

qiviq- (i) to lean back, bend backward; to stiffen from a muscle spasm; arch one’s back; (t) to make her/him/it bend backward, lean back | +q-7 vv

qiviaq- to turn one’s head to look (at her/him/it)

qiviaġaaq rotating stovepipe cap | +aq-1 vv -aq4 vn § rel. piġiŋaluk

qivialutuŋiaq or qivialutuk, (Nu) qivialutuq first vertebra | -alutuk- vn ? -+iaq nn

qiviqIt- (i) to turn quickly, looking in different directions | +q-7 vv -qIt- vv

qiviqi- (i) to have one’s pants down; to pull down one’s pants; (t) to pull down her/his pants § see kiviqi-

qivit- (i) to go off in a huff; to leave indignantly; to act or behave indignantly

qivrI- (t) to cause her/him/it to go away indignantly, offended | :I-8 vv

qiviu down (of waterfowl); wool (of muskox)

qiviusuk- (i) to be fuzzy (of cloth) | -suk-3 nv

qivliq- (i) to be shiny

qivlia- to be reflecting a shiny glow (e.g. using a mirror with the sun to attract someone)

qivlaaq- (i) for the ocean to be calm and the sun reflects and it is shiny | +aq- vn

qivliġnaq small frost crystal | +naq2 vn

qivliqiak silk, shiny material; galvanized metal | perhaps -qiak vn

qivliqsaq- (t) to polish it @ qivliqsaI- | [pic]saq-3 vv

qivliqtaq- (i) to glitter | +t/raq-1 vv

qivliqula- (i) to sparkle | +ula- vv

qivl,iQ dog chain

>qivl,iġIt chain | :It (pl mkr)

qivsak- (i) to fly off after impact (as a chip, broken piece) § see qipsak- rel. piksik-

qivsagaala- (i) to fly off into pieces; to splash (of spilled liquid) | +aq-1 vv -ala- vv

qivsaktiq- (i) to fly off after impact quickly | +tiq-3 vv

qivsalik- (i) to splatter; (t) to sprinkle with a liquid | -lik-2 vv

qivsI- (i) to be unable to go to sleep due to disturbances § see qipi-

qivuġu- (Nu) to mourn (for her/him/it) § rel. qivġu- qinu-

qivyaq (Ti) corkscrew formation, screw thread, three-dimensional spiral § see qipi-

*qua (root) slipperiness

quasa or quasiraq(-) or quasiraaq(-) bare, smooth ice on lake or pond which one can slide on; (i) to slide along swiftly on a slippery surface; to skate | perhaps +sa or -siraq(-) nv -aq-1 vv

quasirautik ice skates | -siraq- nv :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

quayaqIt- (i) to slip and fall | perhaps -ya rn -qIt- nv

quagruk ridge, angular edge of something

quagruil,aq sharp needle; round file | :Ilaq(-) nn

quagrulik skin-sewing needle; three-cornered file | -lik1 nn

quaġaq sourdock, sourgrass, wild spinach (Rumex arcticus); edible willow leaf

quraq(-) raw frozen meat or fish; (i) to eat raw frozen meat or fish; (t) to eat it=meat raw and frozen / qurrak taapkuak qaitkik give those two pieces of frozen meat

qurrI- or qurriuq- (i) to cut up raw frozen meat or fish | ‘=I-1 nv or ‘=Iuq-1 nv

quaqsaaq- (i) to get an electric shock; to be shocked emotionally

quaqsaaġautit electricity | +aq-1 vv un1 vn -t (pl mkr)

quaqta(-) pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis); (i) to have pinworms; rectal itch; to have colic (of a baby)

qugluk- (i) to wince when startled or suddenly frightened; to fold (it in half)

qugluala- (i) to have spasms while asleep | -ala- vv

quglugiaq (Nu) small water worm (moves by twisting itself); place where there will be a fold | +iaq3 vn

quglugniq- (Ti) (t) to pleat, fold it over | perhaps +niq-3 vv

qugluI- to make (her/him) give a start; frighten (her/him) | -I-8 vv

qugluksaq- (i) to give a start, jump when surprised | +saq-3 vv

quglugniQ hem; fold line on material or paper | +niQ1 vn

*qugraq (root) wedge

qugraqtuq- (Nu) (i) to drive in a wedge; (t) to drive it=wedge in | perhaps +tuq-2 rv

qugrautaq or qugraun (Nu) wooden wedge | :utaq1 rn or :un1 rn

qugruk whistling swan (Olor canadensis)

quġġuti- (t) to close in on something

quġi- to urinate (on her/him/it) § rel. quq

quġġivIk penis; urethra | ‘-vIk1 vn | also usuk

quġliaq(-) sap, resin, saliva drooling out; (i) to drool, slobber; to ooze (of pitch or sap) | perhaps ~lI-2 (aq4 vn § rel. ivsaq, utŋuq, utratchiaq

quġluq- (i) to rush, cascade (of water) | ~luq-5 vv

quġluqtaq waterfall | ~luq-3 vv +t/raq4 vn

quġluula- (i) to drip extensively | ~luq-5 vv -ula- vv

quġmaala- (i) to urinate in small amounts at frequent intervals | +mmaala- vv

quġmi- (i) to drip extensively; to flow rapidly | perhaps ~mi-3 vv

quġmiattuq- (i) to urinate accidentally (in undergarment) | perhaps ~mi-3 vv -aq-1 vv [pic]tuq- vv

quġriñiQ(-) urine stain, as in toilet or honey bucket; (i) to become stained with urine (e.g. of chamber pot, toilet, honey bucket) | perhaps -rI-3 vv +niQ1 vn

quġvIk chamber pot | -vIk1 vn

*qui (root) joy??

quil,iqta- (i) to feel joyful, tremble with happiness | -lIq-3 vv -qta- vv

quiñak- (Ti) (i) to feel the sensation of tickling; to be squeamish, scared of mice, etc. | -nak- rv

quiññak- (i) to feel tickled | -‘k- vv

quiññaksaaq- (Ti) quiñaksaaq- (t) to tickle her/him/it | -nnak- vv [pic]saaq- vv

quiññaktu-, (Ti) quiñaktu- (i) to be ticklish | -nnak- vv +tu- vv

quiññalaaq- (i) to feel one’s spine tingling | -nnak- vv -laaq-1 vv

quiñI- or quivsit- or (Ti) quivtit- (i) to be fat § rel. uqsrak-, taġutu-, niġutu-

quiññak- (i) to get fat | ‘-k- vv

quik seal bone next to hind flipper

quiq- (Ti) (i) to cough § rel. quiqsuq-

quiġluk- (Ti) (i) to have a cough, keep coughing | +luk-3 vv

qiuġruq- (Ti) (i) to have a convulsion, fit | ’-rruq- vv

quiqł,uk- (i) to have a slight cough; to drizzle lightly | +luk-3 vv § rel. miñikłuk(-), sialuk(-)

quiqsunŋuiyaun cough medicine | +tuq-2 vv, +nŋu-2 vvd :Iyaq- vdv :un1 vn

quiqsuq- (i) to cough | +tuq-2 vv

quqhIq- or quqhIk- (i) to cough

qukalik (Nu) nine (at cards)

>qukhak (Nu) kusaq middle bottom lengthwise piece of kayak frame

>qukhaq(-) crack; to crack (it)

>qukhauk- for it to now have a crack

qukhiaq (Nu) small cracks which fan out through ice or glass

qukhIq- (Nu) (i) to develop small cracks, often cracks which fan out (of ice or glass) | (aq4 rn

*quki (root) cleanliness, tidiness

qukigi- (t) to feel that she/he/it is too clean and orderly therefore one hesitates to do anything | [pic][g]i-2 rv

qukinaq- (i) to be clean, spotless, neat and orderly | +naq-1 vv

qukinaqsI- or qukinaqsaq- (Nu) (t) to clean meticulously, render it=room, house spotless | +naq-1 vv +sI-1 vv or +naq-1 vv (saq-3 vv

qukinnaksaq- to clean, tidy (it=room, house) meticulously | +naq-1 vvd ‘-k- vv (saq-3 vv

>qukinnI- (t) to completely remove guts out of it=reindeer at time of slaughter | +naq-1 vvd, perhaps ‘=I-12 vv

qukinniraaq- (i) to enjoy wearing clean clothes |+naq-1 vvd ‘=Iraaq- vv

qukisuk- (i) to feel unworthy, diffident, not clean enough | -suk-3 rv

qukitchak- (i) to become hesitant to have anything to do with something which is too clean and orderly for fear of spoiling it | -tchak- rv

qukIq- to hurt (her/his) ears by loud noise

qukiya- (Nu) (i) to be deafened by noise, have one’s ears hurt by a loud noise | -ya-1 vv

qukłuk crossbeam, ridge pole, main part of tent frame, tent ridge pole

>quktuġaq (Nu) thigh; legendary flying whale

*qulaq (root) incomprehensible

qullitchuq top portion of an animal skin which has puckered or pleated in the process of preparing it for a skinboat cover | ‘=It-3 rv +tuq5 vn

qulvanI located way above | ~vaq(-) rv, rn (nI (loc)

qulvaq- or qurvaq- (i) to move up into the room further from the door; to roll one’s sleeves up; (t) to move her/him/it up further into the room away from the door | ~vaq(-) rv § rel. kiluvaq

qulvaqtiq- (t) to put it up high | ~vaq(-) rv, rn [pic]tiq-2 vv

qulvasik- (i) to be higher up | ~vaq(-) rv, rn -sIk-1 nv § rel. qutchIk-

qulvaukatchiaq- (i) to walk in a bouncy manner | ~vaq- vv -uk-2 vv -atchiaq(-)3 vv

qunmuk- (i) to ascend; (t) to turn it higher | (mun (term) -k- nv

qunmuktuq- (i) to ascend steadily | (mun (term) -k- nv +tuq- vv

qurvaq highlands | ~vaq rn

qutchIk- (i) to be high in elevation; to be in a high place or position | +tchIk- vv

*quli2 (root) confession

quliaq- (i) to confess, tell about one’s wrongdoing; (t) to report on her/his actions; to tattle on her/him | +aq-

quliaqtit- (t) to make one tell about it | +aq [pic]tit-1 vv

quliaqtuaq(-) life experience, story; to tell (it=story, one’s experience) | +aq +tuaq-1 vv § rel. uqaluktuaq, unipkaaq

quliuti- (t) to tell, inform her/him @ quliurrI- | =uti-2 vv

quli3 (Ti) gunwale

quliksaak caribou skin pants with hair out

quliligaq eight (at cards) | syn narvaq

qulivrak- to splice (it=the rope); to braid (it) more than three strands | perhaps -vrak- nv

qulivrat (Ti) braided seal intestines | -t (pl mkr)

Qulliq (Ti) Siberia; person from Siberia

quluk or quluula- (i) to rumble (of stomach or intestines) | -ula- vv

quluquluu- (i) to rumble (of stomach) | perhaps reduplication of quluk, then -u-4 vv

qulusuk or qulutchuk back part of bird

qulvI(-) a teardrop; lower eyelid; area under eye (i) to water (of eyes); (Nu) (i) to weep, shed tears

qulvil,I- (i) to weep, shed tears | -lI-2 nv

qulvil,iuġruk- (i) to water from wind or cold (of eyes) | -lI-2 nv :uq-2 vv +rruk- rv, vv, nv

>qulviraġiak ? qulvisaaqsiruni under eyes, both lower eyelids

>qulvitquq area below the eye | -tquq nn

qulviugaq- (i) to be in tears | -ugaq- vv

qumak (Ti) worm found in bearded seal intestine § rel. kumak

qumaq- (i) to bend forward, crouch

qumaŋia- or uqumaŋia- (i) to have a nightmare; (i) to leave one’s body while asleep and hover over one’s body or fly away, then to “re-enter” the body to move it either by force or by emitting a loud noise, then if one has difficulty waking up, the nightmare begins | -ŋia- vv § rel. itivlI-

qumaŋiuma- (i) to assume a fetal position | -ŋia- vv -uma- vv |

qumaŋa- (i) to stand in a stooped position; to be stooped from age | (ŋa- vv

qumIk- (i) to put one’s arms inside one’s parka; (t) to put her/him/it inside one’s parka

qumIIk- or qumiikhaaq- (i) to keep one’s arms inside one’s parka (t) to keep her/him/it inside one’s parka | perhaps -Ik-2 vv or -Ik-2 vv -kkhaaq- vv

qumiikkałaaq- (i) to walk with arms inside one’s parka | -Ik-2 vv -kkałaaq vv

qumiumaaq- (Ti) (i) to put one’s arms/hands in one’s sleeves | -umaaq-2 vv

qumiu- (t) to bring her/him food § rel. payuk-

qummatit (Nu) sleeping skins § see uqummatit under uquk-

qummiaq- (Nu) (i) to chew tobacco § rel. uil,aaq- under uil,aq(-) § see uqummIaq(-) under uqummIq-

qummiaksraq (Nu) chewing tobacco § rel. uil,aaksraq

qummirrIq- (Nu) (i) to put chewing tobacco in one’s mouth § see uil,arrIq-

qumnaaluk traditional relation, like a godparent, who assists in naming child and providing spiritual guidance § rel. il,a(-)

>qumniQ or quġġiq cleft, crack | +mniQ1 rn

>quniguq thick webbing (which will not be used because of its thickness) § rel. nuluksraq

quniguku rejected thick webbing (when making fine webbing for snowshoes) | -ku(-) nn

>quniqł,uk indistinct hazy horizon

qunmun upward § see quli1

qunmun asiaq (Nu) bog cranberry

qunŋIq reindeer [Chukchi loan word]

qunŋil,aaq reindeer herder | -laaq3 nn

qunŋuq brightness on horizon indicating presence of ice on ocean

qunu- (t) to talk cooingly to or about her/him=usu a baby; (Nu) (i) to sing a dirge in mourning (often of Indians); (t) to lament, mourn for her/him=the deceased

qunnun expression(s) one uses to coo, talk lovingly to a baby | >‘-ti1 vn

qunuugaq- (t) to talk cooingly to her/him continously / qunuugaqługu ivvaqtuġuaqsigaa talking cooingly to her continuously, she insisted on giving her a bath | -ugaq- vv

quŋaluk- (i) dog curled up

quŋiaq caribou neck skin

quŋialIk seat in front of pilot on umiaq; seat next to bow; (Ti) seat in skin boat behind the prow, bow seat

>quŋulIq (Nu) caribou intestine mixed with liver and niġukkaq

quŋullIq wild rhubarb; sour grass; mountain sorrel (Oxyria digyna)

quŋulliġñaq sourdock (Rumex) | +naq

quŋuq (Nu) corpse

quŋuġi- (Nu) (t) to shun, avoid, find it taboo | +[g]i-1 nv

quŋuqsrau- (Nu), (Ti) quŋuqtau- (i) to respect taboo (a good quality), avoid what is to be avoided | +qsraq-1 rv -u-4 vv, +tau- vv

quŋusIq neck of human

quŋusiġun collar; anything that is worn around the neck | -ġun nn

quŋusiġusIq- (t) to put a collar on her/him/it; (i) to now have a collar on | -ġun nn ~Iq-1 nv

quŋusiñiQ neck of animal; bottom back of parka hood | -niQ4 nn

quŋutchiaq- (i) to break one’s neck | ‘-aq-3 nv

quŋuyuk- (i) to grin, smile

quŋuyugnaq- (i) to be funny | +naq-1 vv

qupak(-) decorative fancy trim; to trim or decorate (it)

qupałuk Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus)

qupałłiaq- (i) to go bird-hunting | ‘=Iaq-4 nv

qupałupiaġauraq snowbunting, snowbird | -piaq nn, +[ġ]aq3 nn :uraq nn | syn nasaulligaq

qupi- (i) to split lengthwise; (t) to split or crack it lengthwise, with the grain @ qupisI-

>qumniQ or quġġiq cleft, crack

qupi half-dollar

>qupitalik baleen with white strips | -+talik nn

qupitaq white strip of baleen | -+taq(-)7 vn

qupitchuŋaq quarter (half of half-dollar) | ? -tchuŋaq vn

quppaġuq- (i) to grow (of a crack) | ‘-Q4 vn +uq-1 nv

quppannak- (i) to get a share of something split in half lengthwise, especially of an animal carcass | ‘-Q4 vn -nnak- nv

quppaŋŋuq- (i) to be half (of moon) | ‘-Q4 vn, -ŋŋuq- nv § rel. igl,uŋŋuq-, avaŋŋuq-

quppaQ open crack; one piece of something split lengthwise; crack, split | ‘-Q4 vn

quppiġaaq non-traditinal coat that opens in front | ‘-Q4 vn =Iq-1 nv +aaq3 vn

quppiġarrIq- (t) to part his/her hair down the middle

quppiġñiQ part in hair | ‘-Q4 vn =Iq-1 nv +niQ1 vn

quppiġun or quppiqsaaġun (Nu) hairpin | ‘-Q4 vn =Iq-1 nv -ġun vn or -Q4 vn =Iq-1 nv, perhaps [pic]saaq-2 vv, :un1 vn

quppIq- (i) to part one’s hair; to now have one’s hair parted; (t) to part her/his hair | ‘-Q4 vn =Iq-1 nv

quppiqsuaq- (Ti) (t) to part them=hair generally as a habit | ‘-Q4 vn =Iq-1 nv +tuaq-1 vv

quppiula- (Nu) (t) to part it=water (as bow of boat) | ’-Q4 vn, =Iq-1 nv -ula vv

qupsaq- (Ti) to crack, partially fracture (it) | ~saq-3 vv

quvluallak- (t) to split it lengthwise nicely after several attempts | ~luq-5 vv -aq-1 vv -llak-1 vv

quvluayuuq fabric with striped pattern | ~luq-5 vv -aq-1 vv -yuuq(-) vv, vn

quvluliyait- (i) to not develop cracks easily, quickly | perhaps ~lu(q)2 vn -lI-2 nv +ya-1 vvd :It-1 vdv

quvluq- (t) to split it into many pieces lengthwise @ quvluI- | ~luq-5 vv

quvluun, (Nu) qupluun ripsaw, saw which cuts lengthwise | ~luq-5 vv, :un1 vn

quvsIk- (i) to split easily | perhaps ~sIk-1 vv

qupilġuq(-) maggot; to become maggot infested / amiq qupilġuqsimaraa the skin is infested with maggots | -lġuq nn

qupilġuġruaq sea worm (edible, without spines) | -lġuq rn +ġruaq1 nn

qupilġuksraq insect egg; blowfly egg; (Ti) maggot | -ksraq1 nn

qupilġuqsiuġayuk (Nu) solitary sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) | +siuq- nv ?

quppiqutaq edible young fireweed shoots (Epilobium angustifolium)

qupquġiaq or (Nu) qupquġaq mythical ten-legged polar bear

quq urine § rel. quI-

quġmiattuala- (i) to uncontrollably urinate in one’s pants

quqsiqi- (i) to collect the drums where the honey buckets had been dumped and throw away | =Iqi-1 nv

quqsiqun toilet disinfectant, deodorizer | =Iqi-1 nv, ~un1 vn

>quqsruaq- (Nu) (i) to be yellowish | ? +sruaq- nv

quqsuq- (i) to be yellow, stained; (Ti) (i) to be brown | ?+suq-3 nv

quqsuqtaaq something yellow; egg yolk; (Ti) brown color | +suq-4 nv, +t/raaq2 vn

quqtaq honey bucket; large commode | perhaps +taq8 nn

quqhaq- (Nu) (t) to make a cut through it=ice in order to remove a section i.e. for water, done by pounding an ice chisel in the same place @ quqhaqsI-

quqquq- to crumble, dent (it)

quqtuġaq thigh

ququq- (i) to entreat, intercede or summon the forces of the supernatural for a wish; (Ti) (t) to call to her/him / ququġniaqtuŋa aġvaqulusi I will wish for you all to catch a whale

ququaq- (t) to call her/him/it by name; (Ti) (t) to call her/him by telephone @ ququaqsI- | -aq-1 vv

ququula- (i) to call to someone; (t) to hail, call out to her/him/it | ???-la- vv

ququuraq- (Ti) to call to someone | perhaps -uraq-2 vv

qurraquraq semi-palmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus)

qurrI- or qurriuq- (i) to make frozen meat by freezing meat; (t) to make it=meat into frozen meat by freezing § see quraq(-)

qurvaq highlands | ~vaq rn § see *quli

qusauq- (i) to sit § rel. aquvit-

>qusimmaQ wild rhubarb (Polygonum sp.)

qusrkhaaq arctic fox, white fox § rel. tiġiganniaq, pisukkaaq

qusuŋŋaq(-) outer fur parka with hair side out; (i) to put on an outer caribou skin parka with hair side out

qusuŋŋaaġruk heavy fur parka of winter caribou skins worn with hair side out | -aġruk nn

qusuŋŋaaluk or >qusuŋŋasualuuraq old fur parka | -aluk nn

*quta (root) slope

qutaIt- (i) to be steep; to drop off (of ocean floor) | :It-1 rv

qutaŋŋiaġIk- (i) to have a gentle slope § rel. sikkIk-

qutiġuq- (i) to walk to the same destination as others who are traveling by boat; (t) to have reached the same destination (implies surprise)

>QutlIq (Nu) a person from Siberia § see Qulliq

Qutliqsaq (Nu) something from Siberia | +taq8 nn

qutqaaq sled rail

qutuk clavicle, collarbone

Qutugruk constellation of four stars (thought to resemble a collarbone, seen in winter) | perhaps +ruk3 nn

quġu- (i) to be closing in, incline inward, turn one’s feet inward

quġġuti- (t) to be caught between two things closing in [for obj to be closed in on, as a boat by icebergs to; to close in on him/her/it]

quulliquraq- (i) to twinkle, flicker

quumigaq- (i) to shinny | +mIk-1 vv +aq-1 vv

quumIk- (i) to bring one’s legs together tightly; to climb a pole or rope by shinnying; (t) to hold her/him/it between one’s legs | +mIk-1 vv

quumiŋa- (i) to be knock-kneed, to fold inward | +mIk-1 vv (ŋa- vv

quuŋa- (i) to be pigeon-toed, knock-kneed | (ŋa- vv

quupatchuŋa- (i) to be pigeon-toed | -patchuq- vv (ŋa- vv

quupatchuk- (i) to turn one’s knees in | -patchuq- vv

quuqłiġun stovepipe damper | -qłIq- vv :un1 vn

quuqłiġutaiq- (t) to open it=damper of a stovepipe; (i) to now be opened (of stovepipe damper) | -qłIq- vv :uti1 vn :Iq-2 nv

quuqłIq- (t) to close it=damper of a stovepipe | perhaps -qłIq- vv

quuraġaaq- (Ti) (i) to walk pigeon-toed; to come together like ice with wave action | +raġaaq(-) vn vv

quut- (i) to close (of a gap); (t) to make it narrower, close it=gap of two parts of something | -t-2 vv

quutchI- (i) to make something narrower | +sI-3 vv

quulliquraq caribou ruff used on hunter’s parka [is the ruff narrow?]

quunġut canyon § rel. natiġnaq, qattaġniQ

quunnIQ(-), (Nu) quunnitchiaq(-) calm, still, reflective water; to be calm, smooth and glassy (of water)

quunniġuq- (i) to become calm (of water); (t) to be now calm (of water) | +uq-1 nv

*quvia (root) happiness, joy

quvianaq- (i) cause for happiness, pleasant; to be joyful | +naq-1 rv

quvianġu- (i) to be always joyously contented | -nġu- rv

quvianġutu- (i) to be jolly, happy | naglignauraŋiññiqsuq quvianġutummiuq you need not be feeling sorry for him and on top of that he seems so happy | -nġu- rv +tu- vv

quviasaaq- (t) to comfort, try to make her/him/it happy | +saaq-2 vv

quviasugvIk holiday, celebration [lit. a time to be happy] | -suk-3 rv, +vIk1 vn

quviasuk- (i) to be happy | -suk-3 rv

quviasuutaiq- (i) to become unhappy | -suk-3 rv :uti1 vn :Iq-2 nv

quviatchak- (i) to become happy | -atchak- rv

quvIIq- (i) to become unhappy | :Iq-2 nv

quvIIt- (i) to be unhappy, despondent | :It-1 rv

quvyak- (i) to become happy, joyful | -vyak- vv

quviq- (t) to catch her/him/it off guard, surprise, startle her/him/it; to do something without her/his knowledge, surprise her/him/it

quviġusuk- (i) to be surprised that something has happened | :u-2 -suk-3 vv

quviqtau- or quviqtit- (i) to be caught off guard, surprised, startled | +tau- vv, [pic]tit-1 vv,

quviqti white film over eye; (Nu) white bead | +qti vn

quviqsiq- (Nu) (i) to get a white filmy growth on eye (cataract??) | ~Iq-1 nv

quvluliyaIt- (i) to not develop cracks easily, quickly § see qupi-

quvluula- (i) to crack repeatedly (esp of ice) § see qupi-

quvsuk- (i) to get on one’s knees, kneel

quvsuktaaq- (i) to get on one’s knees with intention of remaining so for a while | +taaq-1 vv

*quvyugaq (root) whiteness

quvyugaġnaq white-out | +naq2 rn

quvyugaġnIq- (i) to be in a white-out situation (of weather) | +nIq-3 rv

quya- (i) to be thankful; to celebrate Thanksgiving (of many persons)

quyagi- (t) to be thankful, glad for her/him/it | ([g]i-2 vv

quyalI- (t) to make her/him thankful, grateful, happy | -lI-2 vv

quyanaaq- (i) to say “thank you”; (t) to say “thank you” to her/him; to be grateful to her/him | +naq2 vn, -q-2 nv

quyanaġnIq- (t) to give her/him/it what is deserved, usually a just reprimand or punishment | +naq-1 vv, +nIq-3 vv

quyanaq! (excl) good riddance! got what he deserved!

quyanaq- (i) to be worthy of thanks; to deserve thanks | +naq-1 vv

quyanaq (excl) thank you! | +naq2 vn

quyanaqsima- (i) to be in a just and deserved situation, usually when one who deserves to be told off or set straight or cut down when acting too noble is humbled; (t) to do something to her/him/it to cut her/him down to her/his size | +naq-1 vv, +sima-1 vv

quyatchak- (i) to become thankful, happy | -tchak- vv

quyyayyaq- (i) to go and attend the Thanksgiving feast | perhaps ‘-q-1 rv, +aq-1 vv

QuyyavIk Thanksgiving; month of November | ‘-vIk1 vn

S

saa1 (excl) huh? what? what did you say?

sara2 front of body or garment; area immediately in front of something; lap, the front part of the lower trunk and thighs of a seated person; seaward, riverward

saagaq(-) something one brings along, carries; to carry, bring (her/him/it) with one | -gaq-1 rv § rel. kaluq-

>saagaIq- (??Nu) (t) to take, carry her/him/it somewhere [and leave??? | -gaq-1 rv :Iq-1 vv § rel. tigumiagIq-

saagau- or ? (Nu) saagatlakaaq-/saagałłakaaq (i) to carry an armload | -gaq-1 rv -u-4 vv or -gaq-1 rv ???-tlaqaaq-/-łłakaaq- vv § rel. tigumiaqpak-

saaġuaq(-) apron, bib; (i) to put on an apron; (t) to put an apron on her/him; (Nu) protective enclosure, semicircular windbreak made of small trees, where a fire can be built at the open end; (i) to camp in a protective enclosure | +ġuaq(-) nn

saaġuaqsIq- (Nu) (i) to be camping in a protective enclosure | +ġuaq(-) nn +[t]sIq- vv

saaġurrI- to make an apron (for her/him); (t) to make it into an apron | +ġuaq(-) nn =rrI-2 nv

saakkIq- (i) to have something to take, carry, bring with one; (t) to give her/him something to take, carry, or bring | -gaq-1 rv ‘=Iq-1 vv § rel. tigumirrIq-

saakkIt- (t) to give her/him something to carry and deliver | -gaq-1 rv ‘=It-4 vv § rel. tigumirrIt-

saagaq- to bring (her/him/it) along | +[ġ]aq-6vv

saakutaq (Nu) front cover of skin ?; fabric; screen; clothing cover; smock; overalls; panel of skin tent | +kutaq nn

saamiutaq(-) something carried in front of one; to keep, have (her/him/it) in front of oneself | (miutaq nn

saaŋIq- (t) to pass in front of her/him/it; to get in front of her/him and take her/his place in line | +ŋIq- nv | rel sivulik-

saat- to face, turn toward (her/him/it) / saałłuni aġnanun iglaġuksaaqłiirraqsiruq facing the women, he began to try to make them laugh | +t-1 nv

saatiq- to turn suddenly toward (her/him/it) | (tiq-3 vv

saatit- (i) to have someone turn against one disparagingly | (tit- vv

saatmun (Nu) facing toward | +nmun nc § rel. sanmun

saavaqi- (Nu) (t) to face her/him/it angrily; to go out and dance with her/him § rel. saavviqi-

saavit- (i) to go out to the sea or river, to go down to hunt on the ice, beach, along coast; (i) to go out in front of an audience, to go out in front of a group, e.g. to dance, participate in competitive games; (t) to put it=boat out to sea | +vit- vv

saavrik- (i) to go quickly down to the water | =vrik- vv

saavviqi- (t) to go out and dance with her/him in an Iñupiaq dance; (t) to go out and be her/his opponent in a competitive game | +vit- vv ‘=Iqi-3 vv § rel. saavaqi-

saġliaq(-) something or someone sitting on one’s lap; to hold, rock (her/him/it) on one’s lap | ~ġliaq(-) vv vn

saliaq- (i) to traverse, walk along a hillside or mountain slope, walk along a beach, drift along the shore (of ice); to follow the shore (of boat) | -lIk-2 rv -aq-1 vv

salIk- or saliktuq- to travel, traverse swiftly parallel to (her/him/it); Nu) (i) to gesture, wave one’s arms, e.g. when sighting caribou | -lIk-2 rv ? or -lIk-2 rv +tuq-1 vv

saliuġruk- (i) to slide sideways (of sled or tow) | -lIk-2 rv :uq-2 vv +rruk- vv

salliġun something placed in front of object(s) to prevent movement | +llIQ(-) rn, rv :un1 vn

sallIQ one in front; one farthest toward the ocean; most northerly one | +llIQ(-) rn, rv

>salliqi- (i) to put on clothing with the front on the back, backwards | iñuum nasaŋa salliqiruq the person’s hood is always wanting to get to the front | +llIQ rn =Iqi-1 nv

sanmI- to be facing (her/him/it); (t) to be boldly facing up to her/him/it | -t- rv +mmI-6 vv

sanmiraq- to tease her/him; to confront and agrue with her/him, often repeatedly | -t- rv +mmI-6 vv ~raq-4 vv

sanmun oceanward; with front facing | -nmun nc

sarġut- to pass by in front of (her/him/it) | -ġut- vv

sarruk- (i) to run toward, pass in front of hunter (of caribou) | =rruk- rv

sarvaq- (i) to move forward or oceanward; (t) to move it toward the front | -t- rv +vaq- vv

sarvaqtaaq- (i) to move forward or oceanward over a defined distance; (t) to move her/him/it forward or oceanward over a defined distance | -t- rv +vaq- vv +taaq-1 vv

sarvasIk- (i) to lie far out in the ocean, out of reach | +t- rv +vaq- vv ~sIk-1 vv § rel. taunaniqpasIk-

satchaaq- (i) to be out in front of a group; (i) to take up space | -t- rv +saaq- vv

satchIk- (i) to be far out in front or in ocean (often means that there is open water at a distance indicated by a cloud) | +tchIk- vv

satqak chest (anatomical) | -t- rv +qak vn ?

satqummiaq something kept handy, easily accessible, not in storage | -t- rv +qummIq- vv +aq-1 vn

satqummII- to make something handy, easily accessible, not in storage | satqummiiruq niqi piyumiñaqsivl,ugu she made some meat handy for easier accessibility | -t- rv +qummIq- vv -I- vv

satqummIq- (t) to set it out for display | -t- rv +qummIq- vv

sagat- (i) to be soft, thin, pliable, e.g. fabric or animal skin; (i) to have thin hair

saaglI- or saakłI- to become thin (of ice) | -glI- vv |rel. maptukłi-

saakłI- or saaglI- to become thin (of ice); (i) to become soft and pliable (of animal hide); to become thin and worn-out (of wood or fabric); (t) to make it=animal hide soft and pliable | -kłI-1 vv

saalġuq thinner area of something (usu ice) | -lġuq vn

saalġuuraq (Ti) thin piece of whale meat on edge of fluke | -lġuq vn :uraq1 nn

saatuquyaaq (Nu) something flat | +tu- rv -quyak vn -aq6 nn

saatuquyak or (Nu) saapaqayak thin, flat stone (good for skipping on water); (Ti) flat bone weight (used for bolas) | +tu- rv -quyak vn

saatuuraq somethng thin, pliable; (Nu) short-haired summer skin | +t/ruuraq vn

saatkail,aq one without a shotgun [Eng]

saaptaq- (i) to gamble § rel. manigaq-

saavġaq common snipe (Capella gallinago) | [ġ]aq4

>saavviaq1 condition of ice near open water | saavviaġiitchuq the ice condition is not good to get to the open water | perhaps -vvI- vv (aq4 vn [related to saat- or saavit-?]

>saavviaq2 path or trail to open water [?] | perhaps +vit- vv ‘-aq4 vn

saggaQ caribou with new hair; caribou skin with new hair § see sagat-

sagla- (Ti) (i) to be constantly busy, working all the time § rel. apta-

saglu- (i) to lie, not tell the truth

saglun a lie, falsehood | -n3 vn

sagluqi- (t) to lie to her/him; to fool her/him/it / anitqusiññaqłuŋa sagluqimaraani naatiqtuuraġukługik kamitchiaksrautika she lied to me, I found out, just to get me out of the house so she could finish my new boots | -qi- vv

sagluqiraq- (t) to keep telling her/him lies | -qi- vv +t/raq-1 vv

sagluqun a lie, deception | -qi- vv -n3 vn

sagluuraq- (i) to joke by telling stories which are not true | :uraq-2 vv

sagluviuq- (t) to accuse her/him of lying @ sagluviuqłIq- | -viuq- vv

>sagrat small pieces of ice in ocean

sagvI- (i) to be visible, in view § see saga2

sagvIq- (t) to let it become obvious; to bring it into the open, take “it” out (of e.g. a bag); (i) to explain oneself, to make a point, reveal oneself, as in court; to come in view | +q-7 vv § rel. salapqIq-, satqummIq-

saġaaluk- (i) to make a splashing sound (of water); to make a crashing sound (of ocean waves breaking on shore)

saġġalliqsIq- to be making a slapping noise (of water) | :Iq-1 nv +sIq-4 vv

>saġayak- to be spoiled (of food) § rel. au-, maqu-, pil,uksI-

saġimasuk- (i) to feel appreciated | -suk-3 rv

saġmak- (i) to talk loudly § see saqłak-

saġmagvigi- (t) to talk loudly to her/him/it § see saqłak-

>saġutaq something carried

saġvail,aq a person whose body is sideways but whose face is toward the observer | :Il,aq vn § rel. qiviaq-

saġvaq(-) water current; (i) to have strong current (of river or ocean); (t) to drift with, carried away by current / saġvaġaa umiaq the boat is being carried away by the current

saġvaluk- (i) to babble, gurgle (of flowing water); (Ti) (i) to rumble, growl (of stomach) | -luk-5 vv § rel. maqsraluk-, quluk-

saġvaluula- (i) to gurgle (of flowing water); (Ti) (i) to growl, rumble (of stomach) | -luk-5 vv -ula- vv

saġvaniQ grass found floating on river, dried and used to insulate the sod house | (niQ1 vn

saġvaqsIq- (i) to drift along with the current | +[t]sIq- vv

saġvaqsiuyuk harlequin duck (histrionicus histrionicus) | +siuq- nv -yuk(-) vn

>*sai (root) relaxation, requiescence

sail,l,I- (i) to relax, recover after stress | :It- nv +lI-3 vv § see unaŋuiqsIq-

>saima- (i) to be quiet, not cry; to mourn silently | +ma-1 vv

saimmallaIq- (i) to be inconsolable, continue to cry; (t) to be unable to console her/him | +mmaq- rv -lla- vv :Iq- vv § rel. qiaŋail,l,aiq-

>saimmaq- (i) to stop crying, ease crying; to be consoled | +mmaq- rv

*saiñġIt (root) chagrine, frustration, regret | +niQ1 rn :It-2 nv

>saiñġisuk- or saiñġusuk- (i) to feel frustration and regret for missing an opportunity to get something; to be chagrined | +niQ1 rn :It-2 nv -suk-3vv or +niQ1 rn :u-2nv -suk-3 rv § rel. qigl,uk-

saiñġisuun word or phrase used to express regret, e.g. akł,aa!, al,akkaa!, yaqhii! | +niQ1 rn :It-2 nv suk-3 vv :un1 vn § rel. nunuuraq-

saiñġitchak- (i) to become regretful; (t) to cause her/him to become regretful | +niQ1 rn :It-2 nv -sak- vv

saiġut stockade made of large willows § see iriġvik, iñuksuk

>saiġuuq- (t) to build a willow stockade for her/him/it; to build it into a stockade [is this restricted to willows?] | -q-1 vv

saiyu [Russian chaiyu] tea

sakiaguraq or sakiagauraq (Nu) plant which grows low among rocks [is it Labrador Tea, Hudson Bay Tea Ledum palustre?]

*sakiak (root) chest

sakiagIt breastbone, sternum

>sakiat chest bones including ribs | -t (pl mkr)

>sakkiak front middle part of an animal

*sakiq1 (root) sibling-in-law

sakialuk husband’s sister | -aluk nn

sakiġaq or sakiġauraq spouse’s sibling, sister-in-law or brother-in-law; older sister’s husband; (Ti) in-law, member of spouse’s family | +[ġ]aq2 nn -uraq

sakiġatchauraq a new relation where one or the other is a brother-in-law or a son-in-law | +[ġ]aq2 nn -tchauraq nn

sakiġatchauraġiik relationship where one or the other is a brother-in-law or a son-in-law | +[ġ]aq2 nn -tchauraq nn +[ġ]iik- nv, nn

*sakiq2 (root) hard to do

>sakiġi- (t) to feel unable to perform or accomplish it=task | +[g]i rv § see sapiġi-

>sakiġnaq- (i) to be hard to do | +naq-1 rv | [does this compare with taluġnaq-]

*sakiq3 (root) a shaving

sakiġmiat curved wood chips; shavings used to kindle fire | perhaps +q-7 rv +mIk-1 vv -aq4 vn -t (pl mkr)

sakiġmIk- (i) to whittle wood into an object or for kindling | perhaps +q-7 rv +mIk-1 vv

sakikkaq wood shaving | +kaq2 vn

sakimak wood shaving; a whale’s “sakimak” which is at the back end of the tongue | aġviġum sakimaŋa niqillautaq, uqaŋata kaŋiani the whale’s “sakimak” is good to eat, which is at the back end of the tongue | -mak rn

sakivit- (t) to scrape excess fat off of it=dried animal skin, hide, usu seal [using a scraper held with both hands and pushed up and down the animal hide which is spread over a scraping platform]; (Ti) (t) to scrape it=skin after hair is removed | sakivsI- § rel. sakimak-, sakiaq | +vit- vv

sakivrun or sakipsiñ forearm; two-handed scraper for use on dried animal skin, hide | +vit- vv :un1 vn | +vit- vv +sI-3 vv (un1 vn

sakivsivIk, sakipsivIk long narrow piece of wood or root on which skin is scraped / qiruk siqquqtuaq ikkil,igaaq sakivsigiksuq wood that is hard that has “ikkiq” makes for a good platform for scraping | +vit- vv =sI-3 vv +vIk1 vn

>sakkuun (Nu) skin scraper with long handle, and metal tip | perhaps ‘-un1 vn § rel. ikuun, saluksiñ

>sakkuutaq- (Nu) to scrape it=animal skin with a long-handled scraper | +[t]aq-2 nv

*sakim (dem root) out there in the arctic entry (not visible) § rel. *kan, *un, *sam

sakimna, dual sakipkuak, plural sakipkua (dem abs pron) that one out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

sakiptuma or sakivsruma or sakivruma, dual sakipkuak, pl sakipkua (dem rel pron) that one out there in arctic entry (not visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron sing mkr)

sakiptumanI or sakivsrumanI or sakivrumanI, dual sakipkugnagni, pl sakipkunani (dem rel loc pron) located with that one out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +anI (dem loc)

sakiptumaŋŋa or sakivsrumaŋŋa or sakivrumaŋŋa, dual sakipkugnaŋŋa, pl sakipkunaŋŋa from that one out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

sakiptumatun or sakivsrumatun or sakivrumatun, dual sakipkugnaktun, pl sakipkunatitun like that one out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +atun (dem sim)

sakiptumiŋa or sakivsrumiŋa or sakivrumiŋa, dual sakipkugniŋa, pl sakipkuniŋa with that one out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +iŋa (dem mod)

sakiptumuŋa or sakivsrumuŋa or sakivrumuŋa, dual sakipkugnuŋa, pl sakipkunuŋa to that one out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +uŋa (dem term)

sakiptumuuna or sakivsrumuuna or sakivrumuuna, dual sakipkugnuuna, pl sakipkunuuna via, with that one out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +tum (dem rel pron sing mkr) +uuna (dem via)

saŋma or sagma (dem adv) out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

saŋmanI or sagmanI (dem loc adv) located out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

saŋmanIit- or sagmanIit- (i) to be located out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

saŋmaŋŋa or sagmaŋŋa (dem abl adv) from out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

saŋmaŋŋamiñ or saŋmaŋŋamiñ (dem abl adv) from that direction out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

saŋmaŋŋaq- or sagmaŋŋaq- (i) to come from out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

saŋmuŋa or sagmuŋa (dem term adv) to out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

saŋmuŋanmun or sagmuŋanmun toward out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

saŋmuŋaq- or sagmuŋaq- (i) to go out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

saŋmuuna or sagmuuna (dem via adv) via, through, by way of out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | uuna (dem via)

saŋmuunnaaq- or sagmuunnaaq- (i) via, through, by way of out there in the arctic entry (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

>sakirraq tea [perhaps that has been whittled into shavings]

sakkIq- (i) to begin something; (Nu) to work hard; to go away, depart § rel. aullaġnii-, isaguti-

sakłataiyaq tree squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) § rel. siksrIk

sakniuq- (Nu) (i) to be sick § see sagniuq- § rel. naŋit-, anniġñaq-

sakpak- (t) to elongate, make it long, oval in shape

sakpaŋa- (i) to be oval, be elongated | (ŋa- vv

sakpayaŋa- (i) to be flat, long, oval | yak vv (ŋa- vv

sakpayak- (i) to be flat; (t) to flatten it | -yak-2 vv

sakpayaqtaq oval ball, oval shape; football | -yak vv +qtaq nn

saksakiQ common redpoll (acanthis flammea); hoary redpoll (acanthis hornemanni)

saksaŋIq common redpoll (acanthis flammea); hoary redpoll (acanthis hornemanni)

>saksagiaq or saksaŋiaq ???small gray bird (perhaps a redpoll) | +iaq3 ???n

saksaŋiuraq common redpoll (acanthis flammea) | :uraq nn

saksranikut offal, waste, leftovers to be discarded | -ku nn -t (pl mkr)

sakuk- or sakuuk- (i) to be busy, keep working, work very hard, overwork; (t) to work intently on it § rel. savvaqtu- under savak-

sakkuqtu- (i) to have persistence, to be persistent by nature | ‘-qtu- vv | also piñil,l,uġIk-, nikatchalait-

salapqIq- (i) to be exposed, revealed, made known; to make a point; (t) to lay it open; to expose, reveal it @ salapqII- § rel. sagvIq-

salgiġruaq (Ti) stinkweed § see sargiġruaq

salgu- (Ti) (t) to patch it, e.g. side of house with animal skin § rel. salva, il,aaq(-)

salI- (t) to cut it with scissors; to cut her/his hair; (i) to be now cut with scissors; to cut one’s hair § rel. kivraq-

saliguq- to remove blubber from (it=sea mammal) | +guq- vv

salirI barber | +t/rI3 vn § rel. kivraqti

sallisik a pair of scissors; thin-bladed scissors; hair clipper | ‘-n1 vn +k (dual mkr) | *salliñ (root) rel. qiugautik

sallisilik (Nu) arrowhead with forked point | ‘-n1 vn -lik1 nn

sallisit- (t) to cut, snip it with scissors | ‘-n1 vn +t-2 nv

*salu (root) cleanliness

saluaq- (t) to wipe it clean or dry @ saluaqsI-

saluk- (Nu) (t) to scrape it=animal skin, hide with a scraper; (Ti) to use white powder on (it=caribou skin) to soften in tanning @ saluksI- | -k-4 rv § rel. ikuk-, kitik

saluksI- (i) to clean an animal skin for tanning by hitting it with a stick | -k-4 rv +sI-3 vv

saluksIñ stick that is used to hit the animal skin | -k-4 rv +sI-3 vv -n1 vn § rel. sakkuun, ikuun

saluma- (i) to be clean | +ma-1 rv

salumaIt- (i) to be not clean, dirty | +ma-1 rv :It-1 vv

salummaaq cleaned, tanned skin | -mmaq- vv -aq4 vn

salummaksaq- (i) to tidy, clean up an area; (t) to tidy, clean it=area | ‘-k-2 vv +saq-3 vv

salummaq- (t) to clean it @ salummaI- | -mmaq- vv

salummaun something with which to clean, e.g., dishrag, cleaning solution, etc. | -mmaq- vv :un1 vn

saluun (Ti) piece of bone used for rubbing white powder into caribou skin | :un1 vn § rel. kitik

salva (Ti) edge § rel. *siñi

salvasIk- (Ti) (i) to be at the edge | ~sIk-1 v

*sam (dem root) down there, e.g. far out in ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) § rel. un-

samanI (dem adv in loc) located down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +anI (dem loc)

samanIit- (i) to be located down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

samaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

samaŋŋamiñ (dem adv in abl) from that direction down there, e.g. far out in ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

samaŋŋaq- (i) to come from down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

samma (dem adv) down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

samma (excl) let me see it | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

sammaami (excl) let me see it then (for verification) | ‘a (dem adv mkr) ami (encl)

sammakii (excl) it is highly probable considering the circumstances | ‘a (dem adv mkr) +kii (enc)

samna, dual sapkuak, plural sapkua (abs dem pron) that one down there, e.g. far out in ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +na (dem abs pron sing mkr)

samuŋa (dem adv in term) to down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term)

samuŋanmun toward down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +nmun (term)

samuŋaq- (i) to go down there, e.g. far out on ocean downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

samuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of down there, e.g. far out in ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | uuna (dem via)

samuunaaq- via, through, by way of down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

samuunatqut- (i) to pass to the shoreward (north) side of (her/him/it) or further out at sea | +uuna (dem adv in via) -tgut- nv

samuunnaaq- to roast (it=meat) in oven | +uuna (dem adv in via) ‘aq-7

saptuma or savsruma or savruma, dual sapkuak , pl sapkua (dem rel pron) that one down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +tuma (dem rel pron mkr for sing)

saptumanI or savsrumanI or savrumanI, dual sapkugnagni, pl sapkunani (dem rel pron in loc) located with that one down there, e.g. far out in ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +anI (dem loc)

saptumaŋŋa or savsrumaŋŋa or savrumaŋŋa, dual sapkugnaŋŋa, pl sapkunaŋŋa from that one down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

saptumatun or savsrumatun or savrumatun, dual sapkugnaktun, pl sapkunatitun like that one down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +atun (dem sim)

saptumiŋa or savsrumiŋa or savrumiŋa, dual sapkugniŋa, pl sapkuniŋa with that one down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +iŋa (dem mod)

saptumuŋa or savsrumuŋa or savrumuŋa, dual sapkugnuŋa, pl sapkunuŋa to that one down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr for sing) +uŋa (dem term)

saptumuuna or savsrumuuna or savrumuuna, dual sapkugnuuna, pl sapkunuuna via, with that one down there, e.g. far out on ocean, downriver, downstairs (not visible) | +tum (dem pron rel mkr) +uuna (dem via)

*samI (root) satisfied appetite

samIIq- (i) to develop an insatiable appetite or need | :Iq-2 rv

samIIt- (i) to have an insatiable appetite or need | :It-1 rv

samnaaq- (i) to be unable to go farther; to meet a dead end or an impasse and try another route

sana- to whittle, carve (it=wood, soapstone, etc.)

sanaaksraq something that is to be whittled; plug of chewing tobacco | ulimaŋaruaq qiruk sanaaksraun a piece of wood that has been shaped for whittling | (aq4 vn -ksraq(-)1 vn

sanaaq something whittled | (aq4 vn

sanalġun (Ti) one of a carpenter’s tools | -lġun vn

sanatu- (i) to be skilled in using mind and hands at making something | -tu- vv

sannan whittling knife | ‘n1 vn § see milligIt

sannaQ curved chip from whittling | ‘-Q4 vn

>sanagi- (i) to prepare to take off, get ready to go

sanaġi- (i) to get ready to go; (t) to get her/him ready to go § rel. itqanaiyaq-

*sanI (root) broadside

saniġaakkuuq- (i) to pull sled by side ropes to help it along (usu of men); (t) to pull them=sled by side ropes to help it along | ([ġ]aq-2 nn :a (poss end 3s-s) -kun (via) ‘uq-2 vv § rel. -kuaq

saniġaakkuutit side lashings of sled | ([ġ]aq-2 nn :a (poss end 3s-s) -kun (via) (uq-2 vv -utaq1 ‘t (pl mkr) § see uniutat

saniġaq side of something | ([ġ]aq-2 nn

saniġaqłiġiik- (i) to be situated side by side | ([ġ]aq-2 nn (łIQ nn ([g]iik nn

saniġaqłiq something to the side, one by one’s side | ([ġ]aq-2 nn (łIQ nn

saniġatqut- to pass right on by (her/him/it)| iñuum saniġatqutkaa makitaruaq the person went right on by the one standing up | ([ġ]aq-2 nn -tqut- nv

sanimuktuun or [ENG] sanipuun centerboard (of boat) | +muk- rv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

saniñmuk- (i) to move sideways; (t) to move it sideways

saniññiaq- (i) to travel for trade,or to buy | perhaps +t-2 nv +niaq(-)2 vv § see tunisiñiaq-, qarġutaq-

sanipak- (i) to be going back and forth in front of a group of people | -pak(-)3 vv, vn

sanipaktuq- to stagger | -pak(-)3 vv, vn +tuq-3 vv

sanipaktuġaq- (t) to be staggering | -pak(-)3 vv, vn +tuq-3 vv +aq-1 vv

sanipkaaq- (i) to pace back and forth | -pkaaq- vv

saniqqi- to ignore (her/him/it) | -qqi- vv

saniqsaq(-) (Ti) door bolt; (t) to bolt it=door @ saniqsaI-

saniqsuk (Ti) slab of bacon

saniuġrugaq- (i) to fishtail (of vehicle or sled) | :uq-2 +rruk- rv +aq-1 vv

saniuġruk- (i) to swerve, go sideways | :uq-2 +rruk- rv § rel. saniaġruk-

sanivaq- (i) to move to an uninhabited place | +vaq- rv

sanniġuġiaq (Ti) piece of wood tied to head of seal-skin float to keep air in, used to pull, etc. | ‘=Iq-1 rv (uq2 n +iaq2 nn

sanniġutaq crossbar on door; boom on boat; crosspiece on bed of sled; (Ti) cross | ‘=Iq-1 rv -ġutaq vn § rel. aŋarrauraq

sanniġutchIq- (i) to be locked with a crossbar or any kind of door stopper; (t) to place something against it=door to secure it | ‘=Iq-1 rv -ġutaq vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

sannIq- (i) to turn sideways, lie down on one’s side; (Nu) (i) to go across, e.g. a road; (t) to turn it sideways; (Nu) (t) to go across it=road | ‘=Iq-1 rv

sanniqsaallak- (i) to move slightly to the side; (t) to move it slightly to the side / siqunġipakługu taima irigmi igl,ua, niaquni sanniqsaallagmagu, il,itchuġiruŋa iqsiñaisilaaŋanik when he closed one eye then moved his head slightly to the side, I realized then that he was no danger | ‘=Iq-1 rv +saallak- vv

sanniqsaq one of the cross slats in bed of sled; something shaped like or marked with the letter x; log cabin | ‘=Iq-1 rv +t/raq4 vn

sanik(-) speck of dust, lint; caribou hair on clothing or floor; to have dust, lint, dirt on it

sanikłuk dust | +luk1 nn

sannak- (i) to get covered with animal hair, lint or dust | ‘-k-2 nv

sanniqi- (i) to shed, lose hairs (of fur parka, animal skin, pelt, fur-bearing animal); to remove hair or fur off an animal or skin thus causing hairs to fly about | ‘=Iqi- nv | syn. mitqil,iqi-, mitqiqi-

sanŋiyaq- (t) to remove lint, animal hairs or dust from her/him/it @ sanŋiyaI- | :Iyaq nv

sanŋiyautit (Nu) brush, hairbrush | :Iyaq nv :un1 vn –t (pl mkr) § rel. il,l,aigutit

sanŋu- (i) to be dusty, dirty, full of animal hairs | :u-3 nv

>sanipuun [ENG] centerboard § rel. sanimuktuun under sanI

sanmI- (Ti) saŋmi- (i) to be facing and looking at something; (t) to be facing her/him/it; (i) to be bold, facing up to her/him/it § see saa2

sanmiraq- (i) to be facing and looking at something/someone continuously for a long while; (t) to confront and argue with her/him; to stand facing her/him/it continuously, for a long while; (t) to tease her/him mercilessly § see saa2

sanmun down toward the water, river, coast § see saa2

saŋiak- (i) to be sexually jealous

saŋiagi- (t) to be sexually jealous of her/him | ([g]i-1 vv

saŋiaktu- (i) to be extremely sexually jealous | +tu- vv

saŋik- (t) to delouse her/him/it § see kumaiqsuaq-

saŋiksuaq- (t) to delouse her/him/it in a leisurely relaxed manner | +suaq-2 vv

*saŋi (root) compulsive eating

saŋimmIq- to want more of (it, usu food) | +mmIq-1 vv

saŋipsI- (Ti) (i) to want to eat more (not esp out of hunger) | -vsI-

Saŋmaliaq name of lagoon near Barrow, Alaska [Spencer 1959: p4. “Once, when Barrow had a reindeer herd, a herdsman at Saŋmaleak, the lagoon, was challenged to a race by a dwarf. The dwarf lived on the north side of the lagoon. As his weapon, he carried a piece of ivory, which was sharp on both ends. The dwarf and the man agreed to race but the man insisted that the dwarf run on the south side of the lagoon, while he would run on the north. Since the north side was straight and the south side irregular, the human won easily. The dwarf was very angry and tried to kill the man with his ivory weapon. The man drew an arrow and killed the dwarf. He took the head and kept it for all to see. It was like an owl’s head. It is still there and some people see it when they go up to the lagoon.”]

saŋnIq- (i) to be exhausted, very tired, bone weary after working hard for quite a while | also sagnIq-

saŋniŋa- (i) to have sore muscles | (ŋa- vv

saŋniuq- (i) to be sick or in pain | -uq2 vv

saŋŋI- (i) to be strong

saŋŋima- (Ti) (i) to be tight, taut | +ma-1 vv

saŋŋiqsruq- (i) to exert great force, e.g. a runner, someone engaged in a competitive game of strength | (qsruq-2 vv

saŋŋisaaq- (t) to tighten it a bit more | +saaq-2 vv

saŋŋIt- (i) to be now tightly, securely fastened on; to be pulled taut; (Ti) (i) to tense up, tighten up one’s muscles; (t) to fasten it on tightly, securely; (t) to tighten, pull it=drumskin, knot taut @ saŋŋitchI- | nuvuyat saŋŋitchuatun pisuurut anuqqagniaġman the clouds look like they are taut when it is going to become windy | +t-1 vv § rel. tuut-, qasut-

saŋŋit- (Ti) (i) to form cirrus clouds (indicating wind)

saŋŋitchuaq (Ti) cirrus cloud | +tuaq2 (part 3s)

>saŋiqqaŋIq- (Nu) to come up and be alongside (her/him/it) | (ŋiq- nv

saŋut- (t) to gossip maliciously about, speak ill of her/him (either directly or to a third person) @ saŋutchI-

sapaŋiak or sapaŋirraq piece of wood or bone to hold when throwing seal line | igił,qhat sapaŋiaŋat a piece of wood or bone of the retreiving hook

sapI- (t) to block, obstruct her/him/it, make passage unsuitable or impossible for her/him/it; (i) to dam it=river

sapiġi- (t) to feel that it=task is impossible or so formidable that one does not even try | sapiġigaa he is not able to do the task | +q-7 vv +[g]i-1 vv

sapiġñaq- (i) to be formidable, seem impossible to accomplish; to be a formidable adversary; (Ti) (i) to be strong | +q-7 vv +naq-1 vv

sapiktu- (i) to be overbearing, obstinate | +ktu-?????

sapiktugi- (t) to feel doubtful about her/him/it | ? +ktu-

sapil,Iq- (i) to become discouraged and be unable to accomplish the task | -lIq-3 vv

sapIq- (t) to not do it=task feeling that it is impossible or too formidable to even try; to be fearful, wary of her/him/it | +q-7 vv

sapiqsralaIt- (i) to be bold, confident, daring

sapiqsraq- (i) to be reserved, shy; to feel humble toward another, and therefore not ask favors of her/him | +qsraq-1 vv

sapnaaq- (Nu) (t) to not be able to continue in traveling | +naaq- vv

sapnautchIq- (Nu) (t) to set up an obstacle for her/him/it | perhaps ~naq-1 vv :un1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

sappIt- to give up on (her/him/it), admit defeat, quit | ‘=It-3 vv

sapunnaun obstacle, hindrance | -nnaun vn

sappun or sapuqutaq barrier, blockade, dam, enclosure or fence | ~n1 vn, -qutaq vn

sapusIq- (i) to be now blocked, barricaded, damned; (t) to erect a barrier for it; to build a dam in it=river | =Iq-1 nv

saputit fish weir (dam in river to trap fish) | ~n1 vn -t (pl mkr)

savluaq- (Nu) sapluaq- or sapluaqtuq- to set up an obstacle, hindrance for (her/him/it) @ sapluaqtuI- | -luaq-1 vv +tuq- vv

savrI- (t) to block, prevent her/him/it from proceeding | `rI-5 vv

saptaq- (i) to grope for something; (t) to palpate, examine her/him/it by touch (esp. around the abdomen)

saqaŋa- (i) to be weak | [pic]ŋa- vv | qapaŋa- pil,guil,i-

saqIt- (t) to move, shove, push, cast her/him/it aside, out of the way

saqiraaġataq- (t) to give her/him/it a little push or shove | -raaq-1 vv -ataq-3 vv

saqiraksrauŋil,aq or saqitchaksrauŋil,aq point of privilege (during meeting) | +t/raksraq(-) vn :u-2 nv [pic]ŋil,aq

saqiraq- (t) to give her/him/it a push, shove; to jostle her/him; (Nu) tap her/him to get his attention @ saqiraI- | -raq-4 vv

saqisiq- (t) to shove her/him/it aside quickly | [pic]tiq-3 vv

*saq (root) expulsion of air ??

saġmagvigi- (t) to talk loudly to her/him/it § see uqamayuuti-

saġmak- (i) to talk loudly § see saqłak-

saqłak- or (Nu) saqmak- (i) to shout, call, holler, yell | -qłak- vv rel. qalġuq-

saqłauti- (t) to shout at her/him/it | -qłak- vv :uti-2 vv

*saq (root) a turn ??

saqpIk tail of whale; one who has turned-out feet | -pik-1 vv |rel. saqit

saqpIk- (i) to turn one’s feet outward; to begin a game of Iñupiaq football by putting the soccer ball between the two feet of opposing members of a team and see which way the ball is going to go ????

saqpil,uksI- (i) to sit on the floor crossing one’s legs | -luk(-)4 vv +sI-1 vv

saqpil,uksimaaq- (i) to be sitting on the floor cross-legged with knees apart | -luk(-)4 vv +simaaq- nv

saqpil,uktaaq- (i) to assume position of sitting with legs crossed | -luk(-)4 vv +taaq-1 vv

saqpiŋa- (i) to be splay-footed

saqu- (i) to turn, changing direction | -u-4 rv

saquġun a small tributary of river | -u-4 rv +ġun vn

saquik- (Ti) (i) to make a sudden turn | -u-4 rv -Ik-2 vv

?saquiq- (i) to make a sudden turn | -u-4 rv

saqulupqutaq(-) appendix (anatomical); to have an appendicitis attack | -lupqutaq(-) vn, vv

saquŋa- (i) to be crooked, bent | -u-4 rv [pic]ŋa- vv § see iquŋa-

saqut- (t) to turn her/him/it, changing its direction | -u-4 rv -t1 vv

saqutit- (t) to cause her/him/it to turn, veer off | -u-4 rv [pic]tit- vv

saquuppil,ugauraq- rickrack | -u-4 rv :uq2 vv -pil,uk vn [pic][ġ]aq1 vn :uvaq(-) nn

saquupil,uktat a series of zigzags | -u-4 rv:uq-2 vv -pil,uk- vv +taq4 vn –t (pl mkr)

saquuq- (i) to travel crooked, not in a straight line, weave | -u-4 rv -uq-2 vv

saquutituq- (i) to fish with a net that is put out from shore with a long pole so that the net is bent | -u-4 rv +un1 vn +tuq-3 nv

sargiq or sargiġruaq stinkweed (Boykinia); Alaska sage (Artemisia tilessi elatior) | (ruaq

sarġut- to pass by in front of (her/him/it) (esp on a river) § see saa2

sarri, (Ti) sarrik floating ice pack away from land-locked ice

sarruk- (Nu) satruk- to run toward, past, in front of (to him=hunter) (of caribou) / satrukkaa tavra tuvaaq he runs toward the hunter and passes by him; satruktut tuvaamun they are running toward and passing by the hunter § see saa2

sarvaq- to move (her/him/it) forward or oceanward § see saa2

sarvaqtaaq- to move (her/him/it) forward or oceanward over a defined distance (but not all the way forward or to the ocean) § see saa2

>sasaġnil,aaq- (i) to catch oneself doing or saying something unexpectedly

satchaaq- (i) to be out in front of a group of elders to listen intently; to take up space § see saa2

satchIk- (i) to be far out in front or in ocean (often means that there is open water at a distance indicated by a dark cloud) / aglaan satchiksiuraqtiġuummiugut but sometimes we would also get far from land § see saa2 also atitu-

satku- to strike (it=whale) with a harpoon or a shoulder gun

satkuQ hunting implement | ‘-Q4 vn

satkut a collection of hunting implements which are required to properly hunt for an animal, like a whale

satkuun cartridge bag, ammunition case | -un1 nn | also qaġruqaġvik

satqak chest (anatomical) § see saa2

satqagiil,aq buff-breasted sandpiper (Trynigites subruficollis)

satqagruaq a high ridge that has a mountain as its beginning [ETA 22A] satqagruaq manna tamarra; pammalu tunuani Nullaġiuram kaŋiŋiñi imnaich that one there is a high ridge; and also in the headwaters of the Nullaġiurat are sheep

satqummiaq something kept handy, easily accessible, not in storage § see saa2

satqummIq- (t) to show, display it § see saa2

sagu- to cover (her/him/it) with snow, sand, or earth; (t) to skirt it=house with snow

saggutyaq (Nu) snow house made of soft, new snow | perhaps uyyaq vn § rel. apuyyaq sagat-

saggutyI- (Nu) (i) to make a snow house of soft, new snow | uyyaq vn ‘=I-1 nv

sauvaniQ chinking of sod (in construction of a sod house) | -vak-2 vv +niQ vn

saulluQ(-) spinal cord (esp of caribou, which is eaten); (i) to remove something through a narrow opening, like marrow from a bone; (t) to remove its contents through a narrow opening | -lluQ vn? § rel. sau

saulluk- (Ti) to extract (it=bone marrow)

saulluun an implement, e.g. a piece of wood, used to remove contents through a narrow opening, like marrow from a bone | -lluq vn :un1 vn

saulluutaq implement (usu long and narrow) used in removing marrow from a bone | :utaq1 vn

saumIk left hand; left-handed person; left side or area

saumiñmuŋa- (i) to be left-handed | -nmuk- vv (ŋa- vv

sauniQ bone, pit, seed in fruit | -niQ4 vn § rel. sagu-

saunaaŋilaaq (Ti) fig | -aq6 nn –It2-nv -laaq3 nn § rel. asiaqpak

saunaaq eggshell, pit or seed of fruit, small bone of fish | -aq6 nn

saunġIk- (i) to be good to work with (of bone); to have a well-proportioned frame (of boat, qayaq); to be well proportioned (of body); to have good bones, no fractures | ([g]Ik- nv

saunġIt skeleton, boat frame | :It (pl mkr)

sauniġluk- (i) to have a bulky frame (e.g. of boat); to be big-boned; have a bad posture (of person) | +luk-1 nv

sauniġlunaaq- (t) to make it=its frame bulky | +luk-1 nv -naaq-1 vv

saunikiñaaq- (t) to make it=its frame small, not bulky | -kIt- nv -naaq- vv

sauniku(-) left-over bone; to leave bones behind | -ku nn, nv

saunnak- (i) to harden (of children’s soft bones) / natatquuŋaiqsuq saunnaktuq it is no longer cartilage but it has become bone | ‘-k- nv

saunniqi- (i) to work with bones; (t) to work on his/her/its bones | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

saunniqirI one who makes things with bone; orthopedist | ‘=Iqi-1 nv +t/rI3 vn

saunniqun file, rasp for bone | ‘=Iqi-1 nv ~un1 vn

saunnIt- (i) to have a bone stuck in one’s throat | ‘=It-3 nv

saunniutaq fish bone; bone lodged in the throat | ‘=It-3 nv -utaq1 vn

sautaaq anchor of wood for trap or snare, then covered with snow | +taraq2 vn § rel. sagu-

savaaq- (t) to touch her/him/it lightly § see savit-

savaiyaq- (i) to get ready to go; (t) to get her/him/it ready to go | :Iyaq- vv

savak- to work on (it); (i) to be working, operating properly (of a machine); (t) to prepare it=corpse for burial

savaaq work, employment; piece of work | (aq4 vn

savaaq igliqtuaq business | (aq4 vn igliq- (stem) +t/ruaq2 (participle)

SavaiññiQ [lit time when no work is performed] Sunday | :It-1 nv +niQ vn

savaiññiQ a week | :It-1 nv +niQ vn

savalġun or savaluun or savaun tool | -lġuti or -luk-3 vv :un1 vn or :un1 vn

SavallIq- (Ti) Savalliq- (i) to be Monday / Savalliqtugut it is Monday | -llIq- vv § rel. AtautchIIq-, Atausiŋŋuq-

savaqi- to ready the whaling equipment, boat, whaling guns, etc.; (i) to make bullets, to load guns; (t) to make bullets for it=gun, to load it=gun; (Ti) to operate, handle (it) | -qi- vv

savautik implements for making bullets | :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

savvaqtu- (i) to work a lot, be industrious, be a hard worker | ‘-qtu- vv

saviġuuraaq inner layer of breast meat of bird

>saviġuunnaq round-nosed whitefish, like grayling with small mouth § rel. sulukpaugaq

saviiġaviiq gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus)

savIk or savik knife; metal

saviaqpaluk(-) clanging noise (of metal); (i) to make clanging noise (of metal) | -aq-6 nv –p/valuk-2 vv

savigaaq (Ti) cut strip of baleen | -gaq-1 vv (aq4 vn

savigaq- (i) to work on baleen by stripping it and making it thin for lashing; (t) to strip it=baleen (for use in making baskets, fishline, etc.) | -gaq-1 vv

saviġuq- to trim or smooth it=piece of metal or bone

savikkaQ shaving of wood or baleen | ‘-Q4 vn § rel. savvIQ

savilik (Ti) long shells with metal tip | -lik1 nn

savil,gIt sled with metal runners

savił,haq iron, steel or any kind of metal | -łhaq nn

savil,igaq .forty-four rifle | -lik1 nn +aq nn

savilikpak (Ti) .forty-five-.sixty rifle | -lik1 nn +qpak(-) nn

saviuraqtuun machette; snow knife | :uraq(-) nn +tuq3- nv un1 vn

savvI- to shave, make shavings of it (usu baleen), as for insoles | ‘=I-1 nv

savvIQ shaving, esp of baleen or wood | ‘=I- nv ‘-Q4 vn

savinnaq- (i) to involve much time and effort, be time consuming | +naq2 vn

>saviqquuraq frozen rain? a grain of rice | +quq nn uraq(-) nn § rel. kumauraq

>saviqquuraqtit- (t) to become covered with crystals of frozen rain (of ground) ? | +quq nn :uraq(-) nn (tit-2 nv

savit- (t) to touch and feel her/him/it with the hands / puuq savitkaluaġiga sumik imaqaqtilaaŋanik il,itchuġiŋiñmiuŋa although I felt around on the bag (sack or container) I did not find out what it contained

saptaq- (i) to grope for something; (t) to palpate, examine by touch, esp around the abdomen § rel. aksIk-

savaaq- (t) to touch her/him/it lightly | -aq-1 vv

savitu- (i) to work well at doing things, to be handy | -tu- vv § see sanatu-

savituu- (i) to be sly, clever, cunning | -tu- vv :u-3 vv

Saviuyuq a valley on the North Fork of the Koyukuk River, which is the next valley east of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska

savluaq- (t) to prevent her/him from progressing forward by getting in front of that person § rel. sapi-

savrI- (t) to block, prevent her/him/it from proceeding § see sapi-

sayak health, strength

sayaIq- (i) to become weak, drained of energy | :Iq-2 nv

sayaIt- (i) to be weak, drained of energy | :It-1 nv

>sayaktu-, sayaqtu- (i) to be healthy, strong, robust | (tu- nv

sayyaaġIk- (i) to have energy, strength, be energetic | ‘-k- nv (aq4 vn

sayyak- (i) to gain strength, grow strong | ‘-k- nv

sayyiqsuq- (t) to give strength, build up one’s strength with treatment | ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

sayuk- (i) to twitch (of bodypart) / iriga sayukpakasaktuq kiñakiaq tautugniaġniqpigu my eye keeps twitching, I wonder who I’ll see

sayuaġruaqtun wriggling and moving in very large numbers | (aq4 vn +ġruaq nv (tun (sim)

sayugvIk swivel joint where harness is attached to sled | +vIk1 vn

*sayuġġuk- ???

sayuġġula- (Ti) (i) to quiver, like gelatin | -ġġula- vv

sayuŋa- (i) to be a flirt | (ŋa- vv | also tiipaŋa-

sayuyuIt- (i) to be a bad omen (of twitching under the eye) | -yuIt- vv

>sayyutchuIt- (i) to be bad omen when something twitches / qulvik nalliak sayugman, qulvisik sayuyuiññisuugait when the area under the eye twitches they say it is a bad omen | +t-2 vv (suIt- vv

sayuq- (i) to do a motion dance

sayuun song for motion dance; actions for motion dance | :un1 vn

siak-1 (Ti) (i) to be scattered; (t) to scatter them

sialġi- (i) to slide on a slippery surface, run and slide; to slide after having built up momentum, to glide | -lġi- vv

siamit- (i) to spread, scatter; (t) to spread, scatter it; (Ti) (t) to lose it @ siamitchI- | -mit- vv

>siakkaaq- (t) to scatter and lose them / siakkaaġait he scattered and lost them [?] | +kaaq-2 vv

siamġut broken-off pieces of driftwood that are scattered around the beach | -mġuq vn

siavsI- (i) to scatter things; (t) to scatter things belonging to her/him/it | -mit- vv =sI-4 vv

>siavyak- (Ti) (t) to scatter them | -vyak- vv

siak-2 (i) to be lined up in row; (t) to line them up; (t) to look over them and single one out, e.g. a criminal @ siaksI-

siakłauri- (i) to be behind each other and therefore making a long line e.g. caribou following a lead caribou / tuttut siakłaurirut the caribou are behind one another and making a long line | -łauri- vv

siaksruk(-) a noise that is heard where there is silence; (i) to be noisy

siaksrIt- (t) to frighten an animal away with the noise of one’s steps in packed snow or stepping on a twig | ‘=It-4 nv § rel. qikiġġIt- under qiki-

siaksruIq- to become, silent, calm, peaceful, quiet (of environment) | :Iq-2 nv

siaksruisaaġutik (Nu) a piece of winter caribou skin that is used with the fur down for stalking the caribou in a really cold day § rel. aŋuniutik | :Iq-2 -saaq-1 vv +un1 vn

siaksruIt- (i) to be silent, calm, peaceful, quiet | :It-1 nv

siaksruktaq- (i) to make noise in snow as one walks | +t/raq-1 vv

sialuk- to rain § see sil,al,uk- under sil,a

sialuala- (i) to rain slightly, a few drops | -ala- vv

sialualaaq- (Ti) (i) to drizzle § rel. miñik-

sianiQ (Nu) lengthwise piece in bottom of kayak frame (Rasmussen, “sidelath”) | +niQ n

siaqqa- (i) to mourn for a loved one; (t) to mourn for her/him/it

siaqqaalaaqsI- (i) to begin to mourn with loud crying | -ala- vv -aqsI- vv

siarak (Nu) sugar

siarrIq- (Nu) (i) to put sugar in one’s beverage; (t) to sugar, put sugar in/on it | ‘=Iq-1 vv

siatqIk- (i) to be straight, not crooked, not bent § see qaiq-

sigaala- (i) to sizzle, make a tearing sound; (Nu) (i) to make the noise of running water e.g. of a river | -ala- vv

sigaallak- (Nu) (i) to begin to make the noise of running water, gurgle, e.g. river / utkusik qalaullakami sigaallaguuruq when the cooking pot begins to boil it starts making noise | -allak- vv

sigaatit- (i) to make a sound as it rips or tears (of cloth); (t) to tear it accompanied by a ripping sound | -aq-1 vv [pic]tit-2 vv

sigatit- (Ti) (i) to spurt, gush forth; to make the sound of something tearing | [pic]tit-2 vv

siggaġluil,aq [lit one which does not hiss loudly] kerosene stove | ‘-q-1 vv +luk4 vn :Ilaq(-) nn

siggaq- (i) to make a sizzling noise | ‘-q-1 vv

siggIt- (i) to break or crack cleanly; (t) to break or crack it cleanly | ‘=It-

sigaraq(-) [ENG] cigarette; to smoke (it=cigarette)

sigariiq (Ti) [ENG] cigarette

sigaaġruaq cigarette butt | +ġruaq nn

sigaaqaġvIk ashtray | -qaq-1 nv +vIk vn

sigaaqpak cigar | +qpak nn

sigak- (i) to smoke heavily, steadily; to chain-smoke | -ak-1 vv

sigarri- (i) to roll a cigarette

sigguk(-) one mandible of beak; muzzle, mouth area; (i) to thrust one’s lips out, showing displeasure; (i) to pout; (t) to swell when cold, of lips

sigguġun dog muzzle | -ġun nn

siggukpaligauraq [lit one with a big beak] dunlin (Erolia alpina) | +qpak(-) nn +[ġ]aq3 nn :uraq1 nn

sigguktaak dance headdress with loon’s bill | +taq nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

sigguktuvak (Nu) Bristle-thighed curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) | -tu- nv +vak1 nn

sigguuk beak, bill, muzzle, protruding mouth and lips of person or animal | ‘-k (dual mkr)

>sigiruqisak or sigruqisak (Nu) shrub birch; arctic dwarf willow; prostrate growing willow with round leaves

sigña- (i) to refuse to share, be stingy | syn anniqsraq-

sigñagi- (Nu) sikñagi- (t) to refuse to share, be stingy with it | +[g]i-1 vv | syn anniġi-

sigñataIt- (i) to be generous | ‘ti1 vn :It-1 nv

sigñatu- (Nu) sikñatu- (i) to be stingy, selfish | -tu- vv | syn anniqsrautu-

sigraaq wrapping skin or canvas for protecting load on sled or boat, tarpaulin, skin placed on sled before meat is piled on it

>sigraqutchiq tree fir, needles

siġl,uaq(-) underground ice or food cellar; (t) to put it=usu meat into an underground ice cellar or cache for storage @ siġluaqsI-

siġl,urriqi- (i) to clean out an ice cellar; (t) to clean her/his ice cellar | =rriqi- vn

siġmI before there were sled runners of steel or plastic the Iñupiaq would coat the bottom of the runners with moss with water and this would ice up and make the sled travel better § see imaqtiq-

>siġmIQ, (Ti) siġmiq(-) patch for sled runners of water and snow to improve their sliding; (Ti) ice which forms on boat or sled; (t) for it=boat or sled to get covered with ice; glacier?

siġmiiyun (Ti) stick used to scrape ice off boat | :iyaq- nv ?

siġmil,gIt sled with coating applied on runners, sled coated with snow and water on runners | -lik1 nn :It (pl mkr)

siġñigi- (Ti) siġnigi- (t) to feel protective of her/him who is being scolded, punished and go to her/his defense | +[g]i-1 vv

siġri(-) wax or scales in ear; (i) to remove dried wax from one’s ear; (t) to remove dried wax from her/his ear

siġvIk (Nu) parka ruff § see isiġvIk

sii1 sheefish (Stenodus leucichthys nelma) [this word was noted as an Athabascan word jmn]

sii2 (excl) used when cold; used by old folks from Nuvuk instead of alappaa ‘it’s cold!’ [?]

siġi- (i) to gather one’s strength for an all-out effort

siġġaġnaq- (i) to be demanding, demands strong motivation | perhaps ‘-q- vv +naq-1 vv

siġġaqi- (i) to have a hard time, struggle, to use one’s strength strenously, physically or mentally, to do or overcome something | perhaps ‘-q-1 vv -qi- vv

siġl,iġnait- (i) to be easy, not difficult | perhaps -lIq-3 vv +naq-1 vv :It-1 vv

siġl,iġnaq- or siiġl,iġnaq- (i) to be difficult, be trying; requires hard work; to be obstinate, stubborn, mulish | perhaps -lIq-3 vv +naq-1 vv

siġl,iqi- (i) to have a hard time doing something, toil, struggle, labor | -liqi- rv

siġmaaġuti- (Nu) (t) to work hard on it | perhaps +ma-1 vv +aq-1 :uti-2 vv

siġmaaq- (i) to put all one’s effort into winning; to have competitive spirit; to expend effort, work hard at something; (Nu) (i) to be divided in opinion, in disagreement | +maaq-1 vv

siima- (i) to be strong | +ma-1vv

siimasaaq- (t) to encourage her/him to increase one’s effort; to goad her/him into extreme aggression; to instill confidence, courage in her/him/it | +ma-1 vv +saaq-2 vv

siimmai- (t) to stir her/him into action or a more competitive spirit | +ma-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv -I-9 vv

siimmak- (i) to become more competitive, to be stirred into action; (Ti) (i) to be confident of one’s ability to perform, to win a game | +ma-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv

>siiġruaqtun- like a crackling sound

siik- (t) to cut it lengthwise with an ulu, as in skinning a seal / natchiq siikkaa, pil,aaqsigaa she is cutting the seal, she is going to butcher it @ siiksI- rel. *sigaq

sirruġaq- for it to tear from pressure / sirruġaqtuq tugrutim putuŋa the hole on the skin tears when pressure was applied | =rruq- rv +aq-1 vv

sirruġaġniq separation or break in continuum | perhaps =rruq- vv +aq-1 vv | +niQ1 vn § rel. siñġaq

siila- (Ti) siil,ak- (i) to sizzle, hiss | -la- vv § see siiq- § rel. nilit- puvlaiq-

siili (Ti) can of tobacco §

siimIk- or siimiksuq- (t) to overload it=enclosed container; to press her/him to the ground while wrestling; (Nu) (t) to grind one’s middle finger which is bent, protruding from fist against her/him to hurt her/him / avataqpak siimikkaa, uqsrumik silivittuq she is stuffing the seal poke with blubber. It is full of blubber. | +mIk-1 vv +tuq-2 vv

siimiaq- (Nu) (t) to keep grinding one’s middle finger which is bent, protruding from fist against her/him to hurt her/him | +mIk-1 vv -aq-1 vv

siimiun (Nu) first joint of middle finger, made to protrude from one’s fist, used to grind against someone to hurt her/him | +mIk-1 vv :un1 vn

siimiutiksralik (Nu) bull caribou with new antler stubs (like small knobs) in springtime | +mIk-1 vv :un1 vn +ksraq nn -lik1 nv

siiq- (i) to ooze, seep (like a sore); to leak out (of air); (Ti) (i) to sweat, perspire

siil,a- or siiq- (i) to enter boot through a small hole (of water); (i) to make sound of air escaping; (i) to hiss | -la- vv

siiġl,ak- (t) for it to become sweet and sour | -lak-1 vv

siiġl,anŋu- (i) to have a sour taste in one’s mouth; to have heartburn or a sour stomach / siiġl,anŋuliqł,uni niqipiaqtuqtuksrauruq because he is having heartburn, he must have real food | -lak vv -nŋu- vv

siiġl,iġñaq- (i) to be hard to do

siiġl,iññaq(-) something sour or tart; (i) to be sour or tart; to be sweet to the taste | -lIt- vv +naq-1 vv

siiġl,It- (i) to salivate from too sweet or too sour food, make a face when eating something sour | -lIt- vv

siiġñaaq- (i) to be somewhat sweet to the taste | +naaq-1 vv

siiġñaiyaun, (Ti) siiġnaiyaun baking soda | +naq-1 vv :Iyaq- vv un1 vn

siiġñaq(-) (Ti) siiġnaq- fruit; (i) to be sour, sweet or tart | +naq1(-) vv vn

siiġñiQ liquid which has seeped or oozed out | +niQ1 vn

siiġñIt- to become sweet and sour; (i) to suffer from something which is too sour or sweet (of one’s taste buds therefore of oneself) | +naq(-)1 vn =It-2 nv

siiqsinnauraq a small glacial area

siiqsinniQ water flowing through crack in ice; underground springs, water flowing out

of the ground; frozen overflow on top of river ice; glaciated stream (melts in

summer) | +tit-3 vv +niQ1 vn

siiqsipkaq- (i) to sweat | +tit-3 vv +pkaq-2 vv § see +tipkaq- vv

siiqsit- (i) to ooze (of a wound); to flow out through a small opening or crack, seep onto surface of ice (of water); (t) to let it=wound ooze; let it=water flow out through a crack or small opening | +tit-3 vv

siisitiiq- (i) to make its characteristic sound (of squirrel)

siitquq(-) or sitquq(-) kneecap, patella, hind flipper of seal; (i) to kneel, get down on one’s knees; (t) to put one’s knee on it | +quq n

siitqiñiQ or siitqiññiQ trouser knee which has become baggy from wear | ‘=I-1 nv +nIQ1 vn

siitquaq patella, kneecap; fat and bone at knee of caribou | -aq6 nn

siitquaq- (i) to injure one’s knee; (t) to injure her/his knee | ‘-aq3 nv

siitquġraq- (i) to flex one’s knees (esp as part of a dance done by women) | perhaps -ġraq- nv

siitqI- or sitqi- (i) to sag at knees (of pants, stockings); (t) to get knee sags in them=pants from wearing them so long | ‘=I-1 nv

sitquqsraq- (i) to move about on one’s knees | +qsraq-1 nv

siituvak whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) | -vak1 nn

sikaaq- (Ti) [ENG cigar] (i) to smoke tobacco

sikaaġraq (Ti) cigarette; cigarette paper | +ksraq(-) nn nv

sikauġruaq [ENG scow] scow, barge | +ġruaq nn § rel. paatchiġruaq

>sikkat- (i) to be rotten or soft (of core of willow or tree) il,ugiitchuaq qaaŋamanna nakuugaluaqhuni uqpiq suna napaaqtuq il,ua pigiiññami sikkattuq a willow or a tree when its core is black it is said to be rotten

siki- (i) to lower or hang one’s head

sikimmI- (i) to be holding one’s head lower for quite some time / sikimmigaluaqamiasii aaġluqhuni and then after keeping his head lower for quite some time he looked up | +mmI-6 vv

sikimmil,uk- [ETA]

sikit- (i) to bow, lower the head | -t-2 vv § rel. palluq- put-

*sikkIk- (root) catch a dream ?§ rel. siññaġluk-

>sikkiuma- or sikkiqsiuq- (i) to dream a good luck dream (esp for hunting) / taġiuġmiutkii siññaktuqamiŋ suna siññaktulluataqami sikkiumanisuuruq the coastal people when they have good dreams say they do thus; aŋuraksrani tavra sikkiummatigivlugu suna he has good luck dreams about the game that he is to catch; sikkiumaruaq uvagulli sikkiksiuġniraqtugut we say ‘sikkiksiuq’ when one does thus | -uma- vv or +siuq- vv

sikkIk-2 to be steep (of ground at water’s edge) marra suna kuuk igl,ua sitchaaqtuq igl,ua samuŋa atmuŋatluataqami sikkiksuq one river may have gently sloping banks while another may have steep banks; taunuŋaqpaaġruk sivaaŋaaqhuni tainna itiruaq uŋasikman sitchaaqtuġġuuq, ikkatuuraq taunuŋa ayaummimman they said that it is thus when the deep part of the water is far § rel. sitchaaq-, sivaaŋaaq-

>silliŋñiq- deep water by shore | +niQ1 vn

sikkuk- sled base or board runners | ‘-k (dual mkr) § see siku

sikkutaq sty

sikł,aq(-) pickaxe; (Nu) incisor; to use the pickaxe (on it)

siksrIk or siksrik arctic ground squirrel / siksrak tautukpigik did you see the two arctic ground squirrels; siksriitchuq maani there are no squirrels around here § rel. sakłataiyaq

siksraaq young ground squirrel | -aq6 nn

siksrautiġuq- (i) to accummulate many squirrels; (t) to accummulate many squirrels for her/him | -utiġuq- nv

siksrigaaq- (i) to wear an arctic ground squirrel parka [? need name and description of parka]

siksrikpak hoary marmot | +qpak(-) nn, nv

siku(-)1 ice; to freeze over; to become icy

sikkiqi- (i) to have floating ice, be breaking up (of river) | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

sikkutitchiaq seal or other animal caught and left in sea until it freezes before it is retrieved the next day [why? because one could not retreive it with their retreiving hooks] | ‘-ti-2 vv +[t]siaq vn

SikkuvIk or SikuvIk [lit. time when ice forms] month of October | -vIk vn

sikuaq(-) thin ice on body of water; to become covered with thin ice (of water) | (aq4 vn | qinuaqtuliq- ukiaksraq-

sikuatchiaq(-) newly formed thin ice; to go and borrow ice | (aq4 vn –tchiaq(-) nn nv

sikuayaaq(-) new ice, young ice on water; to have new ice, young ice (of water) | -ayaaq nn

sikuġaq, pl sikuqqat (Nu) small chunk of floating ice | [ġ]aq3 nn

sikuġlak(-) or sikuġlalaaq frozen rain and snow on ground; hailstone; (Ti) icicle; (Ti) old packed snow good for drinking water; to freeze over ground or snow (of rain); to start forming (of ice); to hail; (Ti) (i) to form (of icicle); to get packed hard so that it is good for drinking water (of snow) | -ġlak(-) nn -laaq3 nn § rel. natatquġnaq, kusulugaq

sikuġlakavsaŋa- (i) to have ice crystals formed inside which resulted from partially melting then refreezing (of meat or fish) | -ġlak(-) vv, nn -kavsak- vv (ŋa- vv

sikuġliñiQ ice formed from water spilled on something |-q-7 nv +liñiQ rn, vn

sikuġralaaq (Nu) small piece of clear material (like ice) inside fish § rel. pukagralaaq | +ġralaaq

sikuiġvIk ice break-up time | :Iq-2 nv +vIk1 vn

sikuiyaun bone knife used to scrape ice from sides of boat | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

sikulaaq- (i) to develop slush ice (of fishing hole) | -laaq-3 vv

sikulġauraq (Nu) new thin ice | -lġauraq nn

sikuliaġruaq ice which is about one and a half feet thick | -lI-2 nv (aq4 vn -ġruaq nn

sikuliaq young ice formed around edge of old solid ice on open lead | -lI-2 nv (aq4 vn

sikuliqi- or >sikkiqi- (i) to cut up ice from freshwater lake early in fall for winter use; to break up (of ice in river) / sikuliqiruq saġvaġaa siku the river ice is breaking and is being taken toward sea | -liqi- nv or ‘=Iqi- nv

sikuliqsuq- (t) to fill it=water barrel with ice @ siluliqsui- | -liqsuq- nv

sikuliuraq newly formed ice | -lI-2 nv :uraq(-) vv

sikulluataq freshwater ice | -lluataq

sikunaq(-) ice fog, ice crystals which settle out of the air; for there to be ice fog, ice crystals in the air | +naq(-)1 nv

sikuqqaq (Ti) block of ice | -qqaq nn,vn,rn

sikuqqat small icefloes | -qqaq? -t (pl mkr)

sikusuil,aq place in river which never freezes, body of water which never freezes | -suil,aq vn

sikut- (i) to be covered with floating ice (of body of water) | -t-2 nv

sikutaq1 cache of ice blocks by fishing hole (?), winter watering hole made before the ice is too thick to handle | -taq(-)7 vn § see nivirat

sikutaq2 rattle on net line (used in rivers); rattling bone on seal net which indicates when seal has been trapped | -taq(-)7 vn

sikutchiaq new ice | +[t]siaq(-) nn

sikuyasI- (Ti) to form (of ice in fall or freeze-up) | -yasI- vv

siku2 drill bit, stone spearhead or arrowhead; base of sled runner / ikuutiŋata sikua tautuŋaviuŋ have you seen the scraping edge of her skin scraper

sikkuk pair of sled base or board runners where the sled runners are attached | ‘-k (dual mkr)

silaappak (Ti) [ENG slopbucket] drum into which honey buckets are emptied § rel. quqtaq

silammaayuun (Ti) old-style skin tobacco pouch (orig. made of wolverine head) § rel. tilaammaayuun

silviit (Ti) underside of whale, area around flippers, ventral area (between head and belly), above tapsiñaaq § rel.tapsiñaaq, satqak

sil,a weather, outside atmosphere, air

sil,agiit- (i) to be bad weather | +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv

sil,agIk- (i) to be good weather | +[g]Ik- nv

sil,aiq- (i) to pay no attention to whether it is night or day | :It-1 nv

sil,akkuaġun [lit. something that goes through the air] radio; oscillator

sil,alI- to get a tan; to get faded by sun | -lI-2 nv

sil,aliñauraq outskirts, adjacent area around | -lI-2 nv +niQ vn :uraq(-) nn

sil,aliñiq Arctic Slope (north of Brooks Range) | +liñiQ rn, vn

sil,aliqirI weather forecaster, meteorologist, weatherman | -liqi- nv +t/rI3 vn

sil,alliġaġvIk first set of snares in the corral | +llIQ nn -ġaq- nv +vIk1 vn

sil,allIQ next-door neighbor; outer part; outer door | +llIQ nn § rel. uŋallIQ

sil,alugiitkun umbrella | :It-1 rv +kun vn

sil,aluk(-), sialuk(-) rain, rainy weather; to rain | -luk(-)4 nn nv

sil,aluksiun modern raincoat | -luk(-)4 nn +[t]sIq- vv :un vv § rel. sil,aŋŋaaq

sil,an right side (of fabric); outside part; immediate surroundings (of any permanent structure) | -ti3 vn

sil,annaaq- (i) to be good weather | -nnaaq-1 vv

sil,aŋŋaaq raincoat; rain parka made from bearded seal intestine | -ŋŋaaq nn

sil,aŋŋuq- (t) to become good weather | +ŋŋuq-2 nv § rel. allaQ

sil,aqłuk(-) storm; to be stormy | +qłuk(-) nn vv

sil,asiun barometer; atmospheric thermometer | +siun nn | also anuġisiun

sil,atchiaq- (t) to leave it outside for weather to cure, e.g. a skin | +[t]sIq- vv -aq-1 vv

sil,atkutitaaq (Nu) snowshirt | -tkutitaaq

sil,aavyak(-) pancake, hotcake; (Ti) (i) to make pancakes; (expression) used for a very dumb and ignorant person or for something that is flat and has no substance / taamnauna naluruq sumik, sil,aavyak that one doesn’t know anything, he’s dumb and ignorant

sil,aavyiun skillet | ‘=I-1 nv :un1 vn

sil,aavyiuq- (i) to make pancakes | ‘=Iuq-1 nv

*sil,i (root) sense

sil,aiġuti- (i) to lose one’s senses so as to be unaware of the weather (as from too much liquor)?? | :Iq- nv :uti-2 nv

>sil,gatu- (i) to be wise, to be in one’s prime | ? -tu- nv

sil,ġiqsuq- (t) to teach her/him the consequences of his behavior, as a warning @ sil,ġiqsui-

sil,I- (t) to sharpen it with a whetstone

sil,l,iñ whetstone; knife sharpener | ‘n1 vn

>sil,iak- to swoop down on (her/him/it); (i) to be blown along with the wind, glide / kiisiammaa sil,iagvigivlugu ullaaqsivaa finally he begins to approach swooping down upon him

sil,iagaq- (i) to soar with wings outstretched | +aq-1 vv

sil,ik- (i) to be wide | ant amIt-

sil,iksI- (i) to put on, gain weight; become wider | +sI-1 vv | ant amikłI- under amIt-

>sil,iñŋaŋIt-

sil,iŋniQ wide part of something | +niQ1 vn

sil,l,aQ wide one | ‘-Q4 vn

sil,il,isuqtuq wandering tattler (Heteroscelus incanus)

sil,ivit- (i) to become full, of any container including the stomach; (t) to fill it completely | +vit- vv

sil,ivla- (i) to overflow | =la- vv

sil,l,IQ snow made crusty and hard by strong winds (most suitable for making snow houses) § rel. kukługaq

sil,u carcass of sea mammal drifted ashore

sil,ut- or >sil,uli- (i) to find a carcass drifted ashore | -t-2 nv or +li-3 nv

>sil,uk- or sil,uktaq- (i) to cross over by holding on to something over head and raising one’s legs; (i) to propel oneself across to the other side holding on to something above; (t) to kick her/him/it § rel. aqi-

sil,uktaq- (i) to swing the leg making attempts to kick something (while suspended or while holding onto to something for support) / sumun tiguvluta uumiŋa niuptinnik aqisaqaptigu sil,uksaġikput when we take hold of something for support and then proceed to try to kick something with one of our legs we are acting thus | +t/raq-1 vv

simik- (t) to stop it up with a plug of any kind; (i) to be now plugged @ simiksI-

simaaksraq felt or cardboard wadding to stuff in preparing shotgun shells | (aq4 vn -ksraq nn

simaaksriuġunnaq a device used for cutting the wads to stuff in preparing shotgun shells | (aq4 vn -ksraq nn ‘=Iuq- nv :un1 vn +naq2 nn

simaaq(-) gun wad (stuffed into bullet on top of powder); (t) to push, stuff it in | (aq4 vn

simiutaq(-) a plug; to plug (it) | -utaq(-) vv vn § see puviutaq(-)

simiksuun stopper, cork, plug | +suq-2 vv :un1 vn

simIk (Nu) “collarbone” of caribou (first rib)

simmIq- (i) for themd to exchange; (t) to exchange it for something else @ simmiqsI-

simmaun substitute | :un1 vn

simmaun or simmiun or simmaugauraq deuce, at cards | :un1 vn +[ġ]aq3 nn :uraq(-) nn

simmausIq- (t) to replace it with something else | :un1 vn ~Iq-1 nv

simmII- (t) to trade with her/him | -I-10 vv

simmil,Iq- (t) to replace it=something borrowed with something else | -lIq-3 vv

siñi shore, border, edge; fur trim on bottom edge or cuffs of parka § rel. salva

sinaatkun (Ti) felt top on mukluk | +kun

siñaġaq, (Ti) sinaġaq strait; channel from sea into lagoon or bay | +[ġ]aq2 nn

siñġaq inlet between two sandbars | +[ġ]aq2 nn

siñiġutit (Nu) fireplace where hot rocks are kept in tent | ġun nn -t (pl mkr)

siñiksraq part of fur which is stripped and used for parka trimming at bottom and cuffs | +ksraq nn

siñiqsraq- sinigraq- (Ti) (i) to travel along the beach, shore; (i) to walk along the shore; (i) to go in and out of a row of houses, stopping very briefly in each; (t) to walk along on it=beach, immediate perimeter | +qsraq-1 nv

siñik(-) sleep; (i) to sleep; (t) to spend it=day sleeping

siñaaqsruq- (i) to breathe audibly while sleeping / nallaqamik tasamma nukaalua siñaaqsruqsaaniktiqtuq as soon as he lay down, his younger sibling began breathing audibly while sleeping | perhaps (aq (vn) +qsruq-1 nv

siñaavrI- (i) to doze off repeatedly | perhaps (aq (vn) -vrI- nv

siñignaq(-) sleeping pill; anesthetic; (t) to administer a sleeping pill or gas to her/him/it | +naq(-) vv vn

siñigvIIt bed | +vIk1 vn :It (pl mkr)

>siñikallaIq- (i) to take a long time to fall asleep | -kallaIq- vv § rel. qivsI- siqullaiq- pigaaq-

siñikpak- (i) to oversleep | +qpak- vv

siñiksaq- (i) to fall asleep | +saq-3 vv

siñiktaġuiqsaaġun one night to sleep over (before moving on)

siñiktaq- (i) to stay overnight, spend the night away from home | +taq-9 vv

siñisugruk- (i) to sleep for a long time | -sugruk- vv

siññaġIk- (i) to be sound asleep, sleep well | ‘-Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

siññaġliuq- (i) to have a nightmare | ‘-Q4 vn +luk(-)1 nv ‘=Iuq-2 nv

siññaġluk- (i) to have a bad dream | +luk(-)1 nv

siññaktuq(-) a dream; (i) to dream | ‘-k-2 nv +tuq-2 vv

siññaqtu- (i) to have a habit of oversleeping, of sleeping too much | ‘-qtu- vv

siññIq- (t) to cause her/him/it to go to sleep / aġnaq uumatavra siññiġniagaqsigaa then he tried to cause the woman to fall asleep | ‘=Iq-1 nv § see siqupkaq-

siññiqsuun, (Ti) sinniqsuun magical song which puts one to sleep | ‘-Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

siñŋunnak pair of pajamas | :unnaq vn –k (dual mkr)

siñŋunnaq one-piece nightwear | :unnaq vn

>siŋaI- or siŋaiyau- (i) to be pregnant (of human) | perhaps yak n :u-3 nv

siŋaiyyI- (Ti) (i) to be pregnant | perhaps yak n ‘=I-1 nv

siŋaiyaaq human fetus | +yaaq2 vn

siŋiaqtalaaq (Ti) strip of bleached seal skin on top edge of boat

siŋik- (i) to now have contents removed (of intestines); (t) to remove the contents of intestines to clean them preparing them for food @ siŋiksI- / imaġluiyairuaq tavra siŋiksiruamik taisuugaat tainnatun one who is removing, scraping the contents of the intestines is described as doing thus § rel. kil,it-

siŋIq(-) shoestring, bootlace; (i) to tie one’s own shoelaces or bootlaces; (t) to tie her/his shoe or bootlaces

siŋiġñiQ ankle | +niQ1 vn

siŋiiq- (i) to become untied, of one’s shoestrings; (t) to untie her/his shoestrings / Saaŋiaq siŋiiqsuq Saaŋiaq’s shoestrings are untied | :Iq-2 nv

siŋit- (t) to immerse her/him/it into water while holding her/him/it or while it is staked or anchored to land; (t) to throw, heave her/him/it into the water, over a cliff, etc. @ siŋitchI- § rel. siŋik-

siŋnatu- (Ti) (i) to be stingy § see sigñatu-

siŋŋIq calf of leg (esp of caribou); calf meat of caribou leg

siŋuk- (i) to strain at stool; to strain in labor constractions (of woman giving birth)

siŋŋuktit- (i) to become red in the face from exertion or illness | ‘-k-2 vv +tit-2 vv

siŋulluq(-) a freshly laid egg; (i) to strain, push down with abdominal muscles | -lluq(-)

sipaaq- (t) to enlarge it by sewing on another section to it

sipaq(-) [ENG] zipper; (i) to zip one’s zipper; (t) to zip her/his zipper up

>sipi- (i) to change from male to female in the womb or during birth (of a fetus) [how about from female to male ?]

sipiniQ female who changed from male | +niQ1 vn

>sipik caudal fin, fishtail

*sipik (root) emergence, disconnection

sipiksaq- (i) to come undone, slip off; to grow suddenly or quickly | +saq-3 rv

sipigri- (t) for it to slip off his hands | +rI-4 rv

sipiksaaġaq- or sipiksaaq- (i) to not engage and fall off (esp of arrow on bow) / sipisaaġaqtuq argaŋaniñ he cannot get a grip on it, it keeps falling off | +saq-3 rv -aq-1vv +aq-1 vv or +saq-3 rv +aq-1 vv

sipit- (t) to exceed it=expected amount, to get more than it=expected amount; (i) to now be exceeded (of expected amount)

sippakuulaaq- (i) to have some left over, to have more than enough of what was needed | ‘-Q4 vn -ku(-) nv perhaps :ulaaq(-)1 vv

sippaq or sippaku(-) surplus, something left over, remainder; to have some (of it) left over, as remainder; (t) to leave some for her/him/it | ‘Q4 vn or ‘-Q4 vn -ku nv

sippIq- (i) to exceed the prescribed amount, limit; (t) to exceed it=prescribed amount, limit

sipkIq- (i) to burst out laughing; to sprout, emerge from the ground, bud, burgeon (of plant)

sipuqtaq(-) (Nu) smoking pipe; (i) to smoke a pipe

sipyaaq (Nu) rounded upper end of femur at hip joint § see sivyaaq(-)

siqaniq(-) (Nu) frying pan

siqaniqtaq (Nu) fried meat | +taq8 nn

siqanġun frying pan | :un1 vn

siqI- or siqił,ł,ak- or siqił,haq- (i) to splash (of liquid); (t) to splash on her/him/it once § rel. kusiġaq-

siqił,hatit- (i) to splash violently (of liquid); (t) to splash on her/him/it / Saaŋiam nukaaluni siqił,hatipalukkaa aqayamik Saaŋiaq sure splashed mud on her younger sibling | -łhaq-2 vv -tit-2 vv

siqił,ł,aktaq- or siqił,haqtaq- (i) to splash repeatedly; (t) to splash water on her/him/it repeatedly | -łłak- vv +t/raq-1 vv or –łhaq-2 vv +t/raq-1 vv

Siqiñġil,aq [lit ‘one with no sun’] month of December | +niQ1 vn :Ilaq(-) nn § see Kaivirvik, Aagruliġvik, Umigraġvik, Uyaliġvik | syn Uvluil,aq

siqiñġuraq clock, watch | +niQ1 vn :uraq nn

siqiñiQ sun / siqiñġum uutpatin is the sun burning you | +niQ1 vn

siqiñIq- (t) to become spoiled from exposure to the sun, (of meat in carcass) | +nIq-

siqiñiqsiaq- (i) to sit out in the sun, sunbathe | +niQ1 vn +siq- vv -aq-1 vv

siqiñiqsruktaq sun breaking through clouds, intermittently

siqiñiqtaq spoiled meat from over exposure to sun | +niQ1 vn +taq8 nn

siqiññaaġIk- (i) to be sunny (of weather) | +niQ1 vn ‘-k- nv +aq4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

Siqiññaatchiaq [lit ‘bright new sun’] month of January [ J. Simpson 1853 “1854, Jan. 28; Ir’-ra shu’-ga-run sho-ke-nat’-si-a, great cold (and) new sun] | +niQ1 vn ‘-k- nv (aq4 vn -tchiaq nv § rel. >Inaasugru

Siqiññaasugruk [lit ‘much more of bright sun’] month of February [Spencer March,1959 “sakin’aasuguruq, “Sun gets high”] | +niQ1 vn ‘-k- nv (aq4 vn -sugruk nn § rel. Paniqsiqsiivik

siqiññak- to receive, get more sun (of days as they lengthen) | +niQ1 vn ‘-k- nv

siqiññaraaq- (i) to be sunny | +niQ1 vn ‘-k- nv -raaq-1 vv

siqiññiaq- (Ti) (i) to wait for and watch the sunrise (often of whaling crew) | +niQ1 vn ‘=iaq-1 nv

siqqił,ł,aqtiq- (t) to sprinkle liquid on it | ‘-łłaq +tiq-2 vv

>siqiak contents of stomach or intestines

siqpagi- (Ti) (t) to throw them around indiscriminately

siqpan blubber used as stove fuel | ‘n n

siqpIk eyelash

siqqaq- (t) to throw things out into the water @ siqqaI-

siqqaI- (t) to throw his belongings out into the water | -I-10 vv

siqquq- (i) to be hard, tough; to be opinionated / iñuk siqquqtuq, iñuk qanuqsiġiitchuq, manimmil,guruq the person is tough, the person is hard to be affected, he can withstand the situation

siqquqsI- (i) to tense up from fright or anger; (i) to harden (of substance) | +sI-1 vv

siqquqsima- (i) to be “tied up in knots”, tense because of impending unpleasantness; to be in a state of physical and mental tension | +sima-2 vv

siqquqtaq hard wood | +taq8 n

siqqutit- (i) to snap with a loud noise; (i) to make something snap loudly; (t) to make it snap with a loud noise | -tit-2 vv § see mapkutit-

siqsu- (i) to be daring, be persistent esp when hunting; to have great fortitude; to bear pain nobly / iñuk siqsuruq, nakkaummil,guruq the person has great fortitude, he can stay underwater for a long time | +tu- nv

siqu-1 (i) to fall asleep; (Ti) (i) to close the eyes § rel. siqunġIq-

>siquapannI- or siquapayaaq- (Ti) (i) to squint | -aq-1 vv -pak-3 vv +nnI- vv or -yaaq-1 vv

siquniaq- (i) to try to fall asleep | +niaq(-)2 vv

siqunġipak- (i) to blink, wink | +nġIq- vv +t/raq-1 vv

siqunġipaktaq- (i) to blink, wink repeatedly; (t) to wink at her/him/it repeatedly | +nġIq- vv -paktaq vv

siqunġIq- (i) to close one’s eyes; (t) to close it=her/his eye | +nġIq- vv

>siqupak- or siquvyak- (Ti) (i) to blink the eyes | -pak(-)3 vv -vyak- vv § rel. siqunġipak- |

siqupaktaq- (Ti) (i) to blink the eyes repeatedly | -pak(-)3 vv +t/raq-1 vv

siqutqIk- (i) to take a nap, go back to sleep | -tqIk-2 vv

siqutqiksuuraq- (i) to take a short nap | -tqIk-2 vv +tuuraq-2 vv

>siquvyak- (i) to squint | -vyak- vv

>siquvyaktaq- (i) to blink both eyes repeatedly | -vyak- vv +t/raq-1 vv

*siqu2 (root) reduction to smaller elements ???

siqumit- (i) to be destroyed, crushed to pieces, shattered, broken to pieces; (t) to destroy, break, crush it to pieces; to cut it=animal skin into several pieces @ siqumitchI- / qavvik uvva siqumitchausiitkiga qiññaġikpaił,ł,uni I haven’t the heart to cut up this wolverine because it is so beautiful | +mit- vv

siqummaQ broken fragment | +mit- vv ‘-Q4 vn

siqummaq- (i) to shatter; (t) to break or shatter it with repeated action @ siqummaI- | +mit- vv ‘-q-1 vv

siqummayaaq- (i) to break into many pieces; (t) to break it into many pieces | +mit- vv ‘-q- vv -yaaq-1 vv

siqumniq chunks of broken ice, crumbs of food, etc.; something ground up, broken up | =mniQ1 vn

siqumniurat or siqumniġIt dimes, nickels, any small change; fragment | =mniQ1 vn :uraq1 nn

siqupsi- to destroy or break up; (Ti) (i) to grind up, pulverize, chop it into small pieces | =vsI- vv § rel. siqumit-

siqupsin (Ti) meat grinder | =vsI- vv -n1 vn § rel. takuutik

siquptiq- (t) to break or crush it into bits @ siquptiġii- | =tiq-2

siquvsI- (i) to destroy something, taking a prolonged period of time or to destroy more than one item; (t) to destroy her/his thing(s) | =vsI- vv

Siquvsiqqat or (Nu, Ti) Siqupsiqqat Little Dipper, Pleiades (a constellation which consists of a number of closely spaced stars that have the appearance of something which has been broken and shattered into several pieces] [lit “shattered ones”] | =vsI- vv +[ġ]aq1 vn ‘-t (pl mkr) § see Paatchuktuurat

sirgasuk- (i) to be anxious to wake up early to go someplace or do something / piyumalaaqtuq sirgasuktuq he is anxious to do something and wants to wake up early | +suk- nv

sirraQ1 split section of garment or skin § see siik-

sirraQ2 animal den, e.g., foxhole § rel. sisi

sirraqtuq- to set a trap for (it=animal) near its den or burrow | +tuq-3 nv

sisamaQ a fourth one

sisamat four things | -t (pl mkr)

sisamaat or sisamaŋat the fourth one (of a group) | :at (poss 3p-s)

sisamail,ik (Nu) corral with four rows of snares | perhaps :It (pl mkr) -lik1 nn

sisamait four groups of things, e.g. the four suits at cards | :It (pl mkr)

Sisamaŋŋuq(-) (Ti) Thursday; (i) to be Thursday | (ŋŋuq- nv

SisammIq- (i) to be Thursday / Sisammiqsugut it is Thursday | ‘=Iq-1 nv

sisi , (Nu) >siñ burrow or den (of a burrowing animal), bear’s lair / Kuuvagmiut taamna sisi sitmik taisuugaat the people of the Kobuk say “siñ” for our word sisi § rel. sirraQ2

sisigaq dog house made out of snow | +gaq8 n

*sisiqutaq (root) ( sisiqutat a mound (piŋu) on the edge of a river or a lake, where burrowing animals inhabit / kiŋiaġmagnik suagguuq ukua sisiqutat when they looked back they saw that it was a mound where squirrels have been living [ATA: Nageak 81] | +qutaq vn,nn

sisit- (t) to enter through a crack and form a pile (of snow) | -t-1 vv

sisi- (i) to harden, become solid as a rock

sisit-1 (t) for it to harden, solidify | -t-1 vv

sisu- (i) to slide or glide down once

sisugiaq- (i) to have a wet burp (of baby); (t) to have a wet burp on her/him/it (of baby) | +Iaq-5 vv

sisuqhaaġutik sled used for sliding down a hill | +gak- vv -aq-1 nv +ġun vn ‘-k (dual mkr)

sisuġaaq- or sisuqhaaq- (i) to be sliding down a hill | +gak- vv -aq-1 vv or -qhaaq-1 vv

sisuuk(-) snowslide (esp. of snow over a creek), avalanche; (i) to slide (esp. of snow over creek) | perhaps -uk(-)2 vv vn

sisuuksraq (Nu) snow cornice; snow build up as a potential avalanche | +qsraq2 vn § rel. uupkaaq-

sisuvit- (Ti) (i) to burp up milk (of baby) | +vit- vv § rel. sisugiaq-

sitchuutisuġnail,aq a sheep that is hard to take down the mountain because of the horns

sisuraq beluga

sisuaqsiun beluga net | +siun nn

sitaakIq [ENG] stocking, sock

>sitchaaq- (i) to have a long gently sloping plane § rel. sikkIk-, qutaŋŋiaġIk-

sitchIq- or sitchiqsruuti- (i) to be soaking through; (t) to soak through it | (qsruq-2 vv :uti-2 vv

sitchuq- (i) to extend one’s legs while sitting on the floor

sitchuŋa- (i) to sit with legs outstretched | (ŋa- vv

sitchuqsimaaq- (i) to sit on floor with legs extended or crossed at ankles | +sima-2 +aq-1 vv § see saqpil,uksimaaq-

sitchuqIt- (i) to vomit (of overfed baby); to regurgitate food or drink; (t) to vomit on her/him/it of overfed baby

sitkiuma- (i) to dream of a good omen § see sikkik1

>sitkutaq(-) sty on the eye; to get a sty § see sikkutaq(-)

sitl,Iq (Nu) hard snow, windpacked snow § see sil,l,Iq

sitl,isaqtaq ipiksaun (Nu) blade sharpener § see sil,l,iñ

sitquq(-) knee; hind flipper of seal; (i) to kneel, get on one’s knees; (t) to put one’s knees on her/him/it § see siitquq

sitqiñ piece of wood attached to rear flippers of seal-skin poke | ‘=Iq-1 nv -n1 vn

sitquaq rear flipper of seal or walrus; patella | -aq6 nn

sitquġiaq (Nu) knee | +iaq2 vn § rel. siitquq

sitquġmIk- (t) to press her/him/it down with one’s knees | +mIk-1 nv

sItquġun knee warmer; waterproof kneelets | -ġun nn

sitrI- (Nu) (t) to put it=metal into a mixture of snow and water to temper it |

siuġaq an expanse of fine sand; sandstone used for knives? § see qavia

siuġruk(-) camp stove; (i) to make a distant, indistinct hissing or whistling noise | +ruk3 n

siułik, siulik northern pike (Esox lucius)

siunnaQ(-), (Nu) siutnaq(-) long Iñupiaq-style smoking pipe; (i) to smoke a Iñupiaq-style pipe

siunnauraq a short Iñupiaq-style smoking pipe / kiŋmiaġniqsuaq siunnauramiñik avyualauraġniqami he was biting on his pipe making him look like he was smoking | :uraq1 nn

siun ear / siutimi igl,ua itna ipsuktaqsiññaġmatun qukisugaqani ipsuktaġmatun sunaimña pipman sil,aqługniaqtuq when one’s ear hears vibrations instead of being hurt by the noise it indicates that bad weather is approaching?

siunŋuraq ear cavity | (ŋuraq1 nn

siusiqi- (i) to have an earache; (t) to operate on her/his ear; treat her/his earache | ~Iqi-1 nv

siutigIIt- (i) to have an earache | +[g]Ik- nvd :It-1 - vdv

siutiġun hearing aid; earring | -ġun nn

siutiġuq ( siutiqqat seashell | +ġuq2 n ‘-t (pl mkr) § see uvil,uq

siutiġutik pair of earrings; ear-flaps | -ġun nn -k (dual mkr)

siutiquyuk twisted spiral seashell with pointed end, mollusk, shell | -quyuk

siuq- (i) to make a whistling noise (of a hoary marmot)

siuqhuutit- (i) to make a whistling sound while whizzing by (of something, like an old squaw duck swooping down to land on water) | -qhuuq- vv [pic]tit-2 vv

sivaniq- (i) to sing in a high voice which is not very pleasant to hear; to be high pitched and irritating (of sound)

sivanau- (i) to ring (of his ears) / sivanauruŋa my ears are ringing [?] | :u-3 vdv

sivaniqtaq- (i) to jingle (of a bell) | +t/raq-1 vv

sivanuaq- (Ti) (i) to echo | perhaps =uaq- vv

sivanniq seal carcasse buried so that it can ferment and become a delicacy

>sivaniq- for it=blubber to become old / uqrut sivaniġait the blubber has become old

sivaraq- to cook blubber; (Ti) to cook oil

sivaraaq (Ti) liquid from boiled fat or blubber | ±aq4 vn

*sivii or sivaa (root)

sivaaŋa- or sivaaŋaaq- (i) to be slightly sloped | +aq-1 nv ±ŋa- vv § rel. sikkIk-

>siviinaaq a slope | -naaq3 nn

siviiŋa- (i) to be sloping gently (of hill, snowbank)

siviiŋŋaġIk- (i) to be steep, be slippery, be hard to climb | ‘-ŋŋaq1 vn +[g]Ik- nv

siviŋaaq- (i) to slope | ±ŋaaq- vv

siviŋŋaġIk- (i) to be steeply down-sloped, hard to climb | -ŋŋaq1 vn +[g]Ik- nv

*sivI (root)

sivikisiq- (i) to happen for not very long | -kIt- nv +tiq-3 vv

sivikIt- (i) to be of short duration, take little time | -kIt- nv

sivisu- (i) to be of long duration, take a long time | +tu- nv

sivruuraq- (Nu) (i) to whisper § see isivruuraq-

sivu bow of boat; front part (of anything); time prior / sivuani tikitchuani we arrived before she did; sivuani tainnasuitkaluaqtuaq she never used to do that before

>sivuaq incisor tooth | -aq6 nn

>sivugaq promontory at end of ridge | +gaq8 nn § see nuvuġaq

sivuguq [?]

>sivuġaġluqun or sivuġaġlugun foreleg sinew (of caribou leg) [is this really restricted to caribou legs??] | +gaq1 nn +lugun nn § rel. iviġaaq

sivuġak (Ti) toe of shoe | +ġaq1 nn -k (dual mkr)

sivuġalik ( sivuġalgIt woman’s caribou dress pants | +ġaq1 nn +lik1 nn :It (pl mkr)

>sivuġaligaak(-) woman’s long boots make of summer leg skin of caribou with white stripes, with aquptitak (short boots made of one pair of caribou legs) bottoms [need clarification ?]; (i) to wear such boots | [Itta 3:A]

sivuġaq space or area in front; (Ti) incisor tooth; foreleg | +ġaq1 nn § rel. sivuliñaaq

sivuġaqłIQ frontmost, foremost one; ancestor | +ġaq1 nn +łłIQ nn

sivuġat cutting teeth | +ġaq1 ‘-t (pl mkr)

sivuġun bow of sled; trim on front top (of boot) | +ġun nn

sivukkI- (i) to point straight forward (of feet) | -kkI- nv

sivukkiaq- (Nu) (i) to turn in the desired direction, turns onto the right road; (t) to turn, drive it in desired direction; for it to come up out of the water right in front of them [is this restricted to animals ??] | -kkI- nvd perhaps +aq-1 vv

sivukkiit- (i) to be crooked | -kkI- nv :It-1 vdv

sivukkIk- (i) for it to be straight; to point straight ahead (of road, line or purpose) | -kkI- nv -k-4 vv

sivukkiksI- (i) to become straight; to position oneself in direct line with one’s destination, straight ahead; to no longer be confused | -kkI- nn -k-4 vv +sI-1 vv

sivukkIq- (i) to turn onto the right road, in the desired direction | -kkI- nvd +q-7 vv

sivulik- (t) to do before she/he does; to cut in line in front of her/him / sivulikługu tikisimarugut it seems that we arrived before he did | -lik-2 vv § rel. saaŋIq-

sivuliñaaq (Ti) incisor tooth | -liñaaq nn § rel. sivuġaq

sivuliqqat or sivullIIt (Nu) front teeth | -liġaq2 nn ‘-t (pl mkr) or perhaps -llIQ nn :It (pl mkr)

sivulliaġruit (Nu) ancestors | -llIQ nn -aġruk nn :It (pl mkr)

sivullIQ first one; ancestor, forefather; leader; foreleg, lower section of foreleg / arauvva sivulliq imaaqtuq oh! the leader (of the pack) has fallen in the water | -llIQ nn

SivulliQ[?] Arcturus (a star) [Murdoch, John Notes on Counting and Measuring Among the Eskimo of Point Barrow, The American Anthropologist, Vol.III, Jan. 1890 “time is measured by the sun when it is visible, or by some of the stars at night. For Instance, they say “we started when the sun was yonder (in the heavens) and travelled till it was yonder.” Arcturus, Sibwu’dli, is the time-piece of the seal-netters. When this star has passed over to the east they know that dawn is at hand and that netting is nearly over.”] | -llIQ nn

sivullIq- (i) to lead the way; (t) to lead her/him/it along; to coax them=sled dogs along (when the dogs have been travelling for a long time, a person would start earlier and break trail) | -llIq- nv,vv

sivulliqsI person who walks in front of dogs | -llIQ nn ‘=Iq-1 nv +t/ri1 vn

sivulliuqti lead dog | -llIQ nn ‘=Iq-1 nv :uq-2 vv +t/ri1 vn

sivuluat front teeth, incisors; hair above forehead | +luaq2 nn –t (pl mkr)

sivumiurI (Ti) harpooner, navigator, person in bow of boat | +miu- vv +t/rI3 vn

>sivunġiuq- [?] / aasii sivunġiuq- [ATA:Nag.59]

sivuniġi- (t) to advance toward her/him/it; to be the meaning of this | +niQ1 nn +[g]i-1 nv

sivuniQ meaning, purpose, direction | +niQ1 nn

sivuniqsI- to understand, comprehend (it) | +niQ1 nn +sI-5 nv

sivuniqtuuq- (i) to be obstinate, stubborn, headstrong | +niQ nn +tuuq-2 nv

sivunmuu- (i) to be obstinate, headstrong, stubborn, insistent; to move forward | +nmuk- nv -u-4 vv

sivunniġvIk (Nu) direction in which one is heading | +niQ nn ‘=Iq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

sivunnIq- (i) to decide, make up one’s mind; (Nu) (i) to head in a direction, go a certain way; (t) to outline her/his/its course of action; (Nu) (t) to head, send her/him/it in a certain direction | +niQ1 ‘=Iq-1 nv

sivunniqsa! call for question (during meeting) | +niQ1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv +ta (3p optative) § rel. piksraqta!

sivunniuġutigi- (t) for them to be making decisions concerning, about her/him/it; plan a course of action for handling her/him/it | +nniuq- rv :un1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

sivunniun plan, purpose, decision; (Nu) goal, destination | +niQ1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv :un1 vn

sivunniuq- to plan, decide (it); (i) to negotiate | +niQ1 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv :uq-2 vv

sivuŋIq- (t) to get in front of them; (t) to get in front of her/him, thereby preventing, delaying or forestalling her/him from doing something that she/he will regret @ sivuŋiqsI- | +ŋIq- nv

sivuqłIQ (Ti) sivuġli sailor (because a sailor used to sleep in bow of ship) | +llIQ nn

sivuqqiaq(-) (Nu) (i) to go out ahead of others, to scout | -qqI- vv ±aq4 vn

sivut- (i) to navigate from the bow of boat, giving direction; (t) to navigate it=boat from the bow of boat | -t-2 nv

sivuuġa- (i) to be apprehensive, afraid of being blamed or reprimanded | -uġa- nv

sivuuġagi- (t) to be afraid to face her/him/it, be apprehensive of her/him/it | -uġa- nvd +[g]i-1- vdv

sivuuġanaq- (i) to be foreboding, cause apprehension | -uġa- nvd +naq-1

sivukkaiyuuq (Nu) stone with one end wide and the other narrow, good for using with sling (rises when it hits water)

>sivutmuktaaq or sivutmuktaq (Nu) long sod house with door at one end

*siv (root)

sivviaq(-) hipbone; (i) to injure one’s hip | ‘-aq-3 nv

sivyaaq (Nu) sipyaaq rounded upper end of femur at hip joint; hip joint | -yaaq2

sivvuŋa- (i) to have a protruding mouth, jaw or lower face | ±ŋa- vv

sivvuq- (t) to wring it out @ sivvuqsI-

su(-) a what; (i) to do something; (t) to do something to her/him/it | suvIt what are you doing; suŋitchuŋa I’m not doing anything; suvauŋ what did he do to her

su or suna (interrog) what | +na (dem sing mkr)

>suahii or suaqhii (Nu) (excl) what’s that?

suaġruit possessions, supplies, necessities | -aq- nv :It (pl mkr)

sualuk anything worn-out, tattered | -aluk nn

suaq- (i) to ask “what?”; (t) to ask “what?” of her/him | -aq- nv

suaqłuIq- (i) to become clean, clear of litter | +qłuk nn :Iq-2 nv

suaqłuk trash, something unusable, of no value | -aq- nv +qłuk nn

suaqłukuvIk trash can | -aq- nv +qłuk nn -ku- nv +vIk1 vn

sugiŋIt- (t) for it to be of no consequence; (Ti) (t) to leave her/him/it alone, not bother her/him/it / aakaa sugiŋitkaa tainna pigupku it does not matter to my mother if you do it that way | +[g]i-1 nv ±ŋIt- vv

sugnamiñ (interrog) from what direction | -k-3 nv >+na dem ending[pic]miñ (abl)

sugnamuk- (i) to be going which direction ? | -k-3 nv >+na dem ending [pic]muk- term

sugniqpa (interrog) from what direction is the wind blowing | -k-3 nv +nIq-3 vv

suġusIq implement, device, property | -ġun nn :Iq3 nn

suiġuti- (i) to run out of supplies; (t) to take all of her/his possessions | :Iq-2 nv :uti2 vv

su iluqaan (excl) everything

suil,auri- (i) to do something secretly; do something and then deny it; to keep something hidden | :Il,aq(-) nn :u-2 nv –rI-3vv

suil,l,I- (i) to relax after being busy, rest | :il,l,I- nv

suksraaq- (t) to forsake, abandon, give up on her/him/it; (i) to die during a hunt in sea | +ksraaq- nv

suksraġinġIq- (t) to come to hold her/him in low esteem, not think highly of her/him | -ksraq(-)1 nn +[g]i-1 nv +nġIq- vv

suksraġiŋIt- (t) to hold her/him in low esteem, have no respect for her/him | -ksraq(-)1 nn +[g]i-1 nv ±ŋIt- vv

suksraq (excl) what good is it! never mind! It is of no consequence! | -ksraq(-)1 nn

suksraquna (excl) good for nothing!

>suksraugaqsI- (i) to be about to die, be killed, catastrophically, as being almost crushed by ice; (t) to be about to destroy her/him/it | -ksraq(-)1 nn :u-2 nv g (insert) -aqsI- vv

suksraunġIq- (i) to be completely destroyed; to become useless, because of age; (t) to destroy her/him/it completely | -ksraq(-)1 nn :u-2 nv +nġIq-

sukuiġi- (t) to finally recognize her/him; to perceive it perfectly | perhaps -kun (via) :Iq-2 enc-v § rel. il,itchuġi- kisuiq-

sukuIq- (t) to understand, recognize, distinguish her/him/it | perhaps -kun (via) :Iq-2 enc-v

sukuluk- (with conditional or consequential endings) (i) to merely do anything, with a consequence / sukulukkama suaguugaaŋa whenever I do anything she scolds me | (kuluk- vv

sukuluk little bit of something; (expression) including every little bit of everything | (kuluk- vv

sulI and furthermore; also; still in progress | +lI (encl)

sulI- (i) to make something; (t) to make it into something | -lI-1 nv

suliaq- (interrog) to go or come to do what | -liaq-1 nv

suliġusIq (Nu) way of doing, custom | -li-1 nv -ġun vn :Iq3 vn § rel. pil,ġusIq

sulliqsI- (i) to start being productive in making clothing by sewing | -lI-1 nv ‘-q-1 vv +sI1- vv

sulliqsu- (i) to be productive in making clothing by sewing | -lI-1 nv ‘-q-1 vv +su- vv

SullivIk or SulivIk [lit ‘time to make things’] month of October [J. Simpson 1853 “I, 1853, Oct, 2. Shud’-le- wing, sewing. II. Nov. 1. Shud’-le-wing ai-pa, sewing.”] | -lI-1 nv +vIk1 vn § rel. NippivIk, NuliaġvIk

sumipayaaq everywhere | ÷mI (loc) +payaaq nn

summagaaq- (t) to check on her/him/it to find out what she/he/it is doing | +mmmagaaq- vv

summan (interrog) why | +mman (3s conseq)

summantakiaq (interrog) I wonder why | +mman (3s conseq) +ta (encl) +kiaq (encl)

sumuaglaaq- (interrog) (i) how far did he/she/it go | ÷mun (term) aglaan perhaps +q-3 v

sumuaglaan or sumun aglaan (interrog) how far

suna or su (interrog) what | +na (dem sing mkr)

sunalikum (expression) guess what I have | +na (dem sing mkr) +likum (encl)

sunapayaaq anything; everything | +na (dem sing mkr) +payaaq nn § rel. >sunigliqaaŋi

sunauvva (excl) and all the while; lo and behold / ivasugrulgiññiġiga sunauvva aiganiŋaruaq I searched for him everywhere, and here he had already gone home | +na (dem sing mkr) uvva (dem adv)

suniayuġattuq (excl) it’s just as well; it doesn’t matter | +niayuġat vv

sunigliqaanik every kind | ÷nik (mod) +liqaa (encl) ÷nik (mod)

sunŋu- (i) to have a grudge

sunŋun grudge; rancor

sunun aglaan (expression) continuously | (nun (term)

sununaglaaq- to do a period of time | (nun (term) aglaan perhaps -q-3 v

suqłak- (i) to get dirty, become soiled | -qłak- nv

suqłiuq- (i) to be very sick, have much pain | '-qłuk(-) nn, vv '=Iuq-2 nv § rel. naŋit-

suqłiuġun disease, sickness | '-qłuk(-) nn, vv '=Iuq-2 nv +un1 vn

suqłuk(-) impurity in water, e.g. dirt, bugs, etc.; to become impure, dirty (of water) | '-qłuk(-) nn, vv § rel. ipiQ

suqłuu- (i) to be impure, dirty (of water) |'-qłuk(-) nn, vv :u-3 vv

suqłuiyaun filter | +qłuk nn :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

suqpaaġrugman at a much later date | -qpaaġruk- vv +mman (3s conseq)

suqpanI (interrog) whereabouts | +qpa ÷nI (loc)

suqun that which is worthy of consideration or attention / isiqami uqallautigaa suqutigiŋaiġl,ugu iqsigiŋaiġl,ugu itquvlugu when she entered, she told him not to worry about her, not to be afraid of her | -qun/ti vn

suqusIq habit; characteristic of person | -qun/ti vn ~Iq3 nn § see pil,ġusIq

>suqusiksraIt- (i) to come to the point of not knowing what to do | -qun vn ~Iq3 nn +ksraq(-)1 nn :It-1 nv

suqutau- (i) to be helpful | -qun/ti vn :u-2 nv

>suqutigi- (t) to take notice of, pay attention to, be fond of her/him/it | -qun vn +[g]i-1 nv

susausIIq- (i) to not know what to do; be unable to make a choice; be stumped /

tavra susausiiqsuk, aanġuaġiġmiuk then theyd do not know what to do, theird

amulet is gone as well | +sausIIq- vv

susI- (i) to buy; (t) to buy for her/him/it

susausIIt- (i) to not know what to do | +sausIIt- vv

susisiksraq money to buy something with | +sI-2 nv

sutchikun (interrog) by, via which means or way | +tchIq nn +kun (via)

sutchIq which one | +tchIq1 nn, dn

sutqulaIt- (i) to be touchy, over sensitive | +[t]qu- vv -laIt- vv

suunnaġilait- (t) to not pay attention to her/him/it | :unnaq vn +[g]i-1 vv -laIt- vv

suuŋil,aġi- (t) to feel contempt toward, regard her/him/it as unimportant | :u-2 nv ±ŋi- +laq1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

suuŋil,aq worthless item | :u-2 nv ±ŋi- +laq1 vn

suurraaq- (i) to become damaged, broken (the damaged or broken part is as yet unknown) | :urraaq- nv

suvaata (interrog) why; ‘how come’ | +p/va (3s interrog) +ata (encl)

suvaluk- (i) to make sound, as when doing something; (Nu) (i) to make a crashing noise, as crushing ice | -p/valuk-2 nv

suvaluktaq- (Nu) (i) to make a crashing noise repeatedly | -p/valuk-2 nv +t/raq-1 vv

suvatit- (i) to make a bang, noise when it hits (of bullet); (t) to hit it making a bang, noise | [pic]p/vatit- vv

suviksraIq- (i) to run out of time to do something | +vIk vn +ksvaq(-) :Iq-2 nv

suvvIk or suvviuraq storage alcove in sod house hallway; small hut where things are kept; small cache | ‘-vIk1 vn or -vIk1 vn ‘-uraq

*sua1 (root)

suallak- (i) to become excited over something | -ala- vv ‘-k-2 vv

suammak- (i) to become stronger, revitalized, more emotional | +mmak-2 vv

suaŋa- (i) to be strong (this could be also in odor)| [pic]ŋa- vv

suaŋait- (i) to be weak | [pic]ŋa- vv :It-1 vv

suaŋŋak- (i) to gain strength, become healthy | [pic]ŋa- vv ‘-k-2 vv

suaŋŋan power | [pic]ŋa- vv ‘-k-2 vv ‘n1 vn

>sua2 (excl) lo and behold; then totally or partially unexpected [used with any demonstrative pronoun and together may take the place of a verb in a complex sentence, e.g. sua una isiqhuni then unexpectedly he came inside; sua ikkuak lo and behold, there theyd were]

suagguuq (adv) maybe, just maybe | +gguuq (encl)

>suasiuna (excl) lo and behold, and then again, it | sua aasii (conj) una (dem pron sing), which can be replaced by any other demonstrative pronoun; e.g. suasiavsruma lo and behold and then again that one who is an active character but has done some action in earlier parts in one’s account of some activity or happening; suasiukua lo and behold and then again, they who are presently active in one’s account

suak- (t) to scold her/him/it @ suakłIq- || +kłIq-1 vv

sualuk- (t) to scold her/him/it lightly | perhaps -luk-3 vv

*suġa (root) fragment, an item

suġail,aq something whole, uncut, complete | :Il,aq rn

suġait- (i) to be whole (of something); to be healthy or doing well | ‘-It-1 rv

suġaliQ item of property, wealth, or treasure | -liQ5 nn

suġallak- (i) to become wealthy, acquire property; (t) to acquire much property for her/him | -liQ5 nn ‘-k-2 vv § see umiallak-

suġalliqpik warehouse | -liQ5 nn ‘=Iq-2 nv +qpik vn § see suvvik

suġautaisuq- to go and get something |

suġauttaqaġvIk warehouse | -utaq3 nn –qaq-1 nv +vIk vn

suġautat supplies, necessities, possessions, belongings | -utaq1 nn

*suġ (root) aggression ??

suġruk- (i) to go over to berate, quarrel with, or attack someone; (t) to go over to berate, quarrel with or attack her/him | +rruk rv

suġruit war party, group of fighters | +ruk rv :It (pl mkr)

suġuk- (i) to wrestle with each other; (t) to fight, wrestle with her/him/it; tease her/him/it | +uk rv

suġġiaq- (i) to go to wrestle | ‘=Iaq- vv

suġuuraaq- (i) to wrestle playfully; (t) to wrestle playfuly, tease her/him | +uk rv -uraaq-1 vv

suġliq horned grebe (Podiceps auritus)

suġlitchauraq red-necked grebe (Podiceps grisigena)

>suġlu nasal cavity | +lu nn

suġmik- (Ti) (i) to spurt, squirt out | +mik rv § rel. suvlik-

*suk (root)

sukpallIq- (i) to make one’s presence known by noise | +p/vallIq- nv

>sukpaluk-, sukpaluktaq- (i) to make noise (of unseen person or thing) | -pakuk- vv +p/valuk- vv +t/raq-1 vv

sukuiq- (t) to scrutinize and recognize her/him/it in the distance, in fog, etc. | :u- rv :Iq-2 vv

sukuimmaġiksI- (t) to finally really determine what it is / tautułauraqtilgitkaa sukuimmaġiksimmiñagulu he caught a glimpse of it but did not really determine what it is | -mmaġIksI- vv

sukuiqsit- (i) to cause oneself to be recognized | :Iq-2 rv +sit-nv

suka- (i) to be fast

sukait- (i) to be slow | : It-1 vv

>sukapkaq- (t) to be fast because of… | -pkaq-2 vv

sukasaałłik- (i) to walk fast | +saq-4 vv -ałłik- vv

sukasałauraq- (i) to be moving quickly but not too quickly | +saq-4 vv -łauraq- vv

sukasaq- (i) to do quickly, move quickly | +saq-4 vv

sukasI- (i) to speed up; (t) to increase its speed | +sI-1 vv

sukat- (i) to be fast | +t-1 vv

sukkaaġIk- (i) to be going at a fast pace | ‘aq4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

>sukaq a mountain with a river flowing at its base

>sukaqpaak [I’ve heard it as sukkak jmn] two mountains with a river flowing between them | +qpak nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

sukkIt- (i) to take a step and getting a nail, thorn, tack in one’s foot § rel. qauqi-

sukkiutaq splinter, thorn, nail in foot, hands | :un vn -q- nn § see qauqqutaq

>sukłuu- (Nu) (i) to be dirty (of water) § see suaqłuk(-) under su(-) | łuk nn :u-3 nv

>suknamiñ (Nu) from which direction? § see sugnamiñ

sukun (interrog) which way; by what means § see su -kun (via)

sulI1 (conj) furthermore; and, also, more

sulI-1 to make | -I-1 nv § see savak-

*suliquti (root)

suliqutigiŋaiq- (t) to forgive her/him; to no longer pay attention to her/him/it, ignore her/him/it | +[g]i-1 nv [pic]ŋaIq- vv

suliqutigiŋaiġun forgiveness | +[g]i-1 nv [pic]ŋaIq- vv :un

suliqutigiŋaiqsI- (i) to forgive someone | +sI-3 vv

sulliñiQ what part of a whole / taamnauna atigim sulliñġa what part of a parka is that | liñiQ

sulliqsI- (i) to begin to make something, like clothing § see su(-), sulI-

SullivIk month of November | under su(-)

suluk(-) wing feather; (t) to shake off, remove, e.g. snow, dust from her/him/it @ suluI- tiluk-

>suluksriuġvIk ? wooden work lap table used to attach wing feather to an arrow | +ksraq1 nn =iuq1- nv +vIk1 vn

suluktaatchialik Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garru)

suluktaq (Nu) feather for headdress, (Ti) feather headdress | perhaps +t/raq4 vn

suluktat feather headdress | perhaps +t/raq4 vn -t (pl mkr)

suluktuq- (i) to shake one’s clothing [?]; (t) to shake it=clothing @ suluktuI- | +tuq-2 vv

suluktuun snow beater (to beat snow off of something) | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

sulukpaugaq grayling (Thymallus arcticus)

suluun dorsal fin; container for storing arrow feathers; (Nu) old-style wooden box used to contain tools, etc. | :un1 vn

>summaq (Ti) reindeer skin tobacco pouch § see tilaammaayuun

*suna (root) food for the future

sunakki- (i) to store food for future use | perhaps -kkI- nv (is this restricted to food)

>sunasuutit (Nu) bits of food scattered around a trap | -suun rn -t (plural mkr) § see kanġaqsruutit

suniġluk (Nu) illness, disease | -niġluk(-) nn, vv see su

suniuraq- (i) to do different tasks, any work one can do | -niuraq- vv

sunŋun grudge, rancor | -nŋu- nv -n1 vn § see su-

suŋaq gallbladder

>suŋaġniq intestine of caribou, moose or deer | +niQ

suŋaaq- (i) to be green | perhaps -aq-5 nv

suŋaaqtaaq something green; color green | perhaps -aq-5 nv +taaq2 vn

suŋaġnIt- (i) to taste bitter; to taste or smell of bile | +nIt-2 nv

suŋaqsruq- (i) to vomit a small amount of bile | +qsruq-1 nv

suŋauraaq- (i) to be blue; (Nu, Ti) (i) to be green | =uraaq-1 vv

suŋauraaqsI- (i) to become green (of land) | =uraaq-1 vv +sI-1 vv

suŋauraaqtaaq something blue; color blue | :uraaq-1 nv ‘taaq vn

suŋauraq bead | :uraq(-) nn

suŋauraqpak (Nu) large green bead | :uraq(-) nn +qpak(-) nn

suŋauravIk (Nu) blue bead | :uraq(-) nn -vIk2 nn

>suŋauraviŋñaq (Nu) type of bead, bluish in color | :uraq(-) nn -vIk2 +naq

suŋaurriqi- (i) to do beadwork | :uraq(-) nn ‘=Iqi- nv

suŋŋiqi- (i) to vomit quantities of bile | ‘=Iqi- nv

suŋaqpaluktuŋiq yellow warbler (Dendroica petechis); myrtle warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) | +p/valuk-2 vv,nv +tuŋiq vn

suŋnamun which way § see sugnamun under *sugna

suŋŋuq (Nu) area between caribou’s snout and forehead

>suŋutlulluuq [?] varied thrush (Ixoreus naevius)

supasaġiŋIt- (t) to not care for her/him/it; feel contempt for her/him/it, to regard her/him/it as not worthy of attention | -pasaq nv +[g]i- nv [pic]ŋIt- vv

supi- (i) to break up and flow (of river with ice); (t) to blow it out @ supisI-

>supikałłaktaq- or supiłhaqtaq- (Nu) (i) to blow in gusts (of wind) | -kaq-1 -łłak- vv +t/raq-1 vv or -łhaq- +t/raq-1 vv

supimaaq- (i) to blow lightly (of wind) | +maaq- vv

supiniQ or sumniq break-up point of river | -niQ1 vn § rel. sikkiqi-

SuppivIk or (Nu) SupruġvIk month of May | ‘-vIk

suppun rifle; gun | ‘n1 vn

suppuqhiaq- (i) to spurt out, of liquid; (t) to spurt it out | -qhiaq- vv ‘-q-1 vv -qhiaq- vv

suppuqtaġvIk exhaust pipe | ‘-q-1 vv +t/raq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

suppuqtaq(-) (Ti) old-style pipe; (i) to give off exhaust (of any engine); (t) to give off exhaust toward her/him/it (of any engine) [?] | ‘-q-1 vv +taq(-)7 vn

supputi- (t) to carry or force her/him/it along (of river or air current) | ‘-uti-2 vv

>supputiraġaaq- ?

supputisaq- (Nu) (i) to shoot a gun | ‘-n1 vn -t-1 nv -saq- vv

supputit- (t) to shoot her/him/it with a gun; to strike it with a whaling bomb | ‘-n1 vn -t-1 nv

suvlaq- (t) to open it=orifice (as of a primus stove, gas lantern, etc.) | ~laq-2 vv

suvlaun pipe cleaner (traditionally made of bone); primus stove or gas lantern orifice cleaner | ~laq-2 vv :un1 vn

suvlik- (i) to leak through a hole; to gush out through a puncture; to flow up through a hole in ice (of water) | ~lik-2 vv

suvlu (Nu) suplu pore; tiny hole; barrel of gun | -lu vn

suvluaq- (Nu) supluaq- (t) to blow on her/him/it once; (i) to spout (of whale) | =luaq-1 vv

suvluaqtuq- (i) to blow on (her/him/it) with successive gusts | =luaq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv

suvluġrak porous rock, bone, or ice | -lu(q) vn +rak(-) nn

SuvluġvIk [lit ‘time when rivers break up and flow’] month of May | ~luq-5 vv +vIk vn

supi(-) aged butter or animal fat; (Ti) to become moldy (of caribou fat therefore not good for “akutuq”)

>supIk- (t) to turn it sideways § rel. sannIq-

supiaġaq- (i) to tack, sail diagonally to the wind, zigzag (of boat ) [?] | -aq-5 +aq-1 vv

supiaq- (i) to go in a diagonal line; (t) to make a diagonal line on it | -aq-5 vv

supiaq diagonal line | -aq4 vn

>supil,uqIt- (i) to walk around doing nothing, just passing time § see salipkak- sanipkaaq-

*suqpa (root)

suqpanaq- (i) to be such that others feel uncomfortable | +naq-1 rv

suqpasuk- (i) to be uncomfortable from worrying about what others think of one | =suk-3 rv

suqqaQ baleen

suqqalik whale that has baleen (bowhead whale) | -lik1 nn

suqqaaq- (t) to damage it=baleen by cutting it badly when working on it, or extracting from whale | ‘-aq-3 nv

suraġaġniq an action verb; a person’s characteristic behavior / iñuk suraġaġniġmigun nalunaitchuq a person is easy to recognize through their behavior | +t/raġaq- vv +niQ vn § see su(-)

suraġruaq tobacco leaf | +ġruaq1 nn

surratigiik- (i) to have influence over each other | -rrati nn +[g]IIk- nv

surruIq- (i) to recover (of sick person or animal) | -rrun vn :Iq-2 nv § rel. naŋinŋaiq-

*susaq1

>susaa- (Ti) to hear (her/him/it); (i) to hear news § see tusaa- | perhaps -a-2 vv

>susaaruġiit- or susaayuaq- or susaqsuIt- (Ti) (i) to be hard of hearing | -a-2 vv -rruq vvd +[g]Ik- vv :It-1 vdv or -a-2 vv +yuaq- vv or [pic]suIt- vv

susaġnaq- (Ti) (i) to be audible | +naq-1 vv

susaq2 or susaqpak (Ti) ace, at cards

susiat- (Ti) (i) to walk ?

susialliq- (Ti) (i) to become lame | -lliq- vv § see tusiat-

susiġġuk- (Ti) (i) to walk with a limp, to limp | -ġġuk- vv § see tusiat-

suu [ENG] soup

>suummak small container § rel. tuummaq

suunnaġilaIt- (t) to not pay attention to her/him/it § see su(-)

suuramik unnii (excl) definitely, without any exception / suuramik unnii isiġnasi don’t youp dare enter; anuġaiññiġman suuramik unnii makitiqtuq he got up when he found that the air was very calm | :uraq nn (mik (mod) § see su(-)

>suurimmaaq- (i) to be careful § see su(-)

suunaaq (Nu) man’s male friend of same age; cousin

suuŋil,aġi- (t) to think her/him/it of no value; worthless; to discriminate against her/him § see su(-)

suva why? (used alone) § rel. summan

suvaata (Ti) suvaataŋ why?

suvak fish eggs

suvagrak core of ivory tusk (with appearance of fish eggs) | +rak nn

suvait fish roe | :It (pl mkr)

suvlaq- (t) to open it=orifice (as of a primus stove, gas lantern, etc.) § see supi-

suvlaun pipe cleaner (traditionally made of bone); primus stove or gas lantern orifice cleaner § see:supi-

suvlik- (i) to leak through a hole; to gush out from a puncture § see supi-

suvlu pore; tiny hole § see supi-

suvluġrak porous rock; porous bone; porous ice § see supi-

suvluaqtuq- (t) to blow on her/him/it repeatedly § see supi-

SuvluġvIk [lit ‘time when things begin flowing’] month of May § see supi- rel. Qaugaich Anniviat

suvaluk (excl) especially so / tamannaasumanna uqqaqturuq, suvaluk imiuraŋakami oh, that one talks too much, especially when he has had a bit to drink

suvaluk- (i) to make a sound, as when doing something § see su(-)

>suviŋñIq smell of flesh [?]

>suviŋñIt- (i) to smell of flesh | ‘=It-3 nv

suviqsIq- (i) to be idle

suviu- (i) to sting (of an cut when medicine is applied)

suviuq- (i) to smart, burn (of an injury) | -q- vv

suvvIk or suvviuraq storage alcove in sod house hallway; small hut where things are kept; small cache § see su(-)

T

ta- or tat- (prefix used with demonstratives for emphasis or to indicate that the entity in reference is closer to the listener than the speaker) § see Appendix

taagaŋŋaqtaq, (Nu) taagakŋaqtaq something from the continental United States; (Nu) someone from across the river or south | ta- (dem prefix) ag- (dem stem) aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3 +taq8 nn § see Appendix1

*taam (root) (dem stem) | ta (dem prefix) am (dem stem) over there (not visible); that one closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see Appendix1

taamamna, dual taamapkuak, pl taamapkua (dem pron in abs) that one (not visible); that one closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see amna

taamanI (dem adv in loc) located over there (not visible) § see amanI

taamanIit- (i) to be located over there (not visible) § see amanIit-

taamaŋŋa (dem adv in abl) from over there (not visible) § see amaŋŋa

taamaŋŋaq- (i) to come from over there (not visible) § see amaŋŋaq-

taamaptuma, dual taamapkuak; pl taamapkua (dem pron in rel) that one (not visible); that one closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see aptuma

taamaptumanI, dual taamapkuŋnaŋnI, pl taamapkunanI (dem pron in loc) located with that one over there (not visible); located with that one closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see aptumanI

taamaptumaŋŋa, dual taamapkuŋnaŋŋa, pl taamapkunaŋŋa (dem pron in abl) from that one over there (not visible); from that one closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see aptumaŋŋa

taamaptumatun, dual taamapkugnatun, pl taamapkunatun (dem pron in sim) like that one over there (not visible); like that one closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see aptumatun

taamaptumiŋa, dual taamapkugniŋa, pl taamapkuniŋa (dem pron in mod) of, (instrumental) with that one over there (not visible); of, (instrumental) with that one closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see aptumiŋa

taamaptumuŋa, dual taamapkugnuŋa, pl taamapkunuŋa (dem pron in term) to that one over there (not visible); to that one closer to the listener (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see aptumuŋa

taamaptumuuna, dual taamapkugnuuna, pl taamapkunuuna (dem pron in via) via, with, in company of, through that one over there (not visible); via, with, in company of, through that one over there closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see aptumuuna

taamma (adv) over there (not visible); over there closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see amma

taammaliami (excl) just let her/him be over there (not visible), can’t do anything about it, whatever happens happens

taamnaasuuna, dual taapkuakasuukuak, pl taapkuasuukua (excl) you are impossible; he is impossible; oh, you! § see taamna asu (interj) una (dem abs pron)

taamuŋa (dem adv in term) to over there (not visible); to over there, closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see amuŋa

taamuŋaq- (i) to go over there (not visible); to go over there, closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener); (t) to put or place it over there (not visible) § see amuŋaq-

taamuuna (dem adv in via) via, through, by way of over there (not visible); via, through, by way of over there closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see amuuna

taamuunaaq- (i) to go via, through, by way of over there (not visible); to go via, through, by way of over there closer to the listener than to the speaker (not visible to the speaker but may or may not be visible to the listener) § see amuunaaq-

taamna, dual taapkuak, pl taapkua (dem abs pron) that one (visible and closer to the listener than to the speaker); topic of on-going conversation, recently aforementioned one / taamna savaaq uqausiġiran qakugu naanŋaniaqpa when will the work that you are talking about be finished | +na (dem abs pron mrk for the sing)

>*taav (dem stem) | ta (dem prefix) av- (dem stem) over there (visible) § see Appendix1 for demonstratives under stem av-

taavamnaqpa or >taavaniqpa area not far away, at a short distance (visible or not visible) | av-(dem stem) am- (dem stem) +na (dem pron sg mkr) perhaps -qpaq nn

>taavamnaqpanI or taavaniqpanI located not far away, a short distance away | av- (dem stem) am-(dem stem) +na (dem pron sg mkr) [pic]nI (loc)

taavva (excl) used to indicate that the person(s) or thing(s) in question is/are “visible” (the speaker having recently seen them) and are either mobile or extended / taavva nakuurut they are all fine | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

taigña, (Nu) taikña, dual taikkuak, pl taikkua (dem abs pron) one across the river; one closest to the listener than to the speaker § rel. taiñña § see Appendix1

taima or tarva, metastasized form tavra (excl) that’s true!, that’s it!; that’s enough! stop! | ta (prefix) im- or uv- (dem stem) +a (dem adv ending) § see Appendix1

taimaaq- or tavraaq- (i) to stop having, had enough | ‘aq-8 dv

taimaiñaq or (Ti) taimmaŋŋaiññaq or (Nu) taimakŋaiññaq (excl) all of a sudden, suddenly, unexpectedly § rel. tavraŋŋatchiaq(-)

taimait- or tainnait- (i) to be thus, like that; (with Optative endings) to let be; (t) to be thus toward her/him/it / tainnaitkaa she acts that way toward him; tainnailli let it be, leave it alone; tainnaillugu uniññagu don’t leave it like that, in that condition | ta- (dem prefix) Im- (dem stem) -a- (adv mkr) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present” or inna “like this” it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present”

taimanI (dem loc) during, at that time

taimmalikii (excl) so what, nothing can be done, so let be | ta- (prefix) imma (dem adv) li (encl) kii (encl)

taimuŋaaq- to recite (it) from memory | ta- (dem prefix) Im- (dem stem) +uŋa (dem term) +aq- dv -aq-8 dv

taimmau- (i) to be lost forever | ta (dem prefix) imma (dem adv) :u-2 nv § rel. tammaq-

>taimalugguuqasu (excl) which indicates that the status quo will change usually to the detriment of the subject; it is inevitable / taimalugguuqasu iñuugisiruq aŋutaugumi it is inevitable that he will not be allowed to live if he is a man | ta-(dem prefix) Im- (dem stem) -a (dem adv) +lu (encl) +gguuq (encl) +asu (encl)

taimuurrauriŋaIq- (i) to no longer keep as a secret | ta- (dem prefix) Im- (dem stem) -u-4 vv +urraq- vv perhaps from :uti-2 vv and +t/raq vn

tainna (Nu) taitna or taimanna (dem adv) in that way or manner; (Nu) thus; idiomatic use as answer to question qanuqitpit? “how are you?” so-so, neither very good nor very bad; (excl) enough! | ta- (dem prefix) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present” +na (dem pron sg mkr) § see inna

tainnait- (i) to be that way; (t) to be that way toward her/him/it, treat her/him/it that way | ta- (dem prefix) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present’ +na (dem pron sg mkr) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present”

tainnaq- (Nu) taitnaq- (i) to say or do thus; (t) to say or do thus to her/him/it | ta- (dem prefix) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present” +na (dem pron sg mkr) -q-2 dv

tainnasiġaq- (Nu) taitnasiġaq- (i) to say or do thus repeatedly; (t) to say or do thus to her/him/it repeatedly | ta- (dem prefix) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present” +na (dem pron sg mkr) -siġaq- vv

tainnasIq or taimannasIq something like that, such as that / tainnasimik piqaġuŋitchuŋa I do not want one like that | ta- (dem prefix) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present” +na (dem pron sg mkr) =sIq4 dv

tainna suli like previously, like before / tainna suli makua pisaġitin do these like you did (the ones) before | ta- (dem prefix) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present” +na (dem pron sg mkr)

>taiñña (dem adv) (Nu) over there, across a flat area | ta- (dem prefix) It- (dem stem) +na (dem pron sg mkr) § see Appendix1

>taiñanI (dem adv in loc) located in/at over there, across a flat surface | ta- (dem prefix) It- (dem stem) +anI (dem loc)

>taiñanIit- (i) to be located in/at over there, across a flat surface | ta- (dem prefix) It- (dem stem) +anI (dem loc) it- “to exist, to be, to stay, be present”

taiñuŋa (dem adv in term) to over there, across a flat surface | ta- (dem prefix) It- (dem stem) +uŋa (dem term)

taiñuŋaq- (i) to go over there, across a flat surface | ta- (dem prefix) It- (dem stem) +uŋa (dem term) +q-3 dv

*taaniq (root) distant appearance

taanikIt- (i) to be smaller than others | -kIt- nv

taaniqtu- (i) to be larger than others; to appear large, loom large | +tu- nv

taaniqtunaq- (i) to make things appear larger | +tu- nv +naq-1 vv

>taaŋŋaq(-) liquor; (i) to drink liquor; (Nu) (i) to drink alcohol and get drunk | perhaps taaq(-) -ŋŋaq-1 vn § rel. taaq(-)

taaq(-) darkness; (i) to be dark (of day); (i) to be low in brightness (of light); (i) (Nu) to be black | cf. maŋaq-, qiġñiq- [did the pre-contact Inupiaq have a concept of darkness or is taaq a translation of darkness???JMN]

taaġmiu- (i) to be, stay in the dark | +miu- vv

taaġniQ dark place, darkness | +niQ vn

>taaġutaq an obstacle in the way of direct light; lampshade, screen; (Nu) curtain; (Nu) large piece of antler which hangs down in front of face of bull caribou | utaq1vn

taalu (Nu) shelter of willows, snow, or stones where hunters wait for caribou | -lu1 nn

taaluaq (Nu) first light of day which appears during the dark period of the year | -luaq2 nn

>taalutaq(-) something blocking one’s view, visual obstruction; shade from light; (i) to be blocking the view; (t) to block her/his/its view; to shade her/him/it; (i) to be blocked from view; (Nu) (t) to be blocked from her/his view | -lu1 nn -taq(-)7 nn

taalutchIq- (i) for one’s view to be blocked; (t) to block her/his view | -lu1 nn -taq(-)7 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

taaqsI- (i) to become dark (of day); (t) to be now dark (of day) | +sI-1 nv

taaqsil,aaq- (t) to reduce her/his/its light; (Ti) (i) to block the light; (Ti) (t) to block her/his/its light ? | +sI-1 nv -laaq-1 vv

taaqsima- (i) to not be adjusted to darkness (of one’s eyes) | +sima-2 vv

taaqsipaiyaaq Negro or black child; person who is part black or Negro | +sipak vn -iyaaq nn

taaqsipak Negro or black person | +sipak nn [how about Afro-American; a syn should be ?pusrgiq?]

taaqsisuqsI- to grow shorter (of daylight); to be at the zenith of the dark period of the year | +sI-1 nv +suq- vv +sI-1 vv

taaqsiulguIt- (i) for one’s eyes to not be adjusted to the dark, to have difficulty seeing in the dark | +siuq- nv -lgu-1 vvd :It-1 vdv

taaqsiuq- (i) to travel in the dark | +siuq- nv

taaqtaq something black; blue denim | +taq8 nn

taaqtaq avu brown sugar | +taq8 nn

taaqtipkaq- (i) to faint | +tipkaq- vv

taaqtulIq- (i) to start to show signs of darkness (of days in fall) | +tulIq- nv

taatchaatun (adv in sim) like very black, dark in color | -tchaatun v-adv

>taaqtałuaq- (Nu) (i) to be wearing only underwear

taasiŋIq or taatchiŋiq common loon (Gavia immer)

taat- (i) to break (of thread, esp sinew)

>taata (Nu) grandfather § see ataata

taataak (Nu) set of grandparents § see ataataak under ataata

taataruaq (Nu) old man § see ataataruaq under ataata

taatchiŋiraq stale-colored junco (Junco hyemalis)

*tagi (root) feeling of not being welcomed

tagiala- (i) to feel unwelcomed, uncomfortable, out of place; to not feel at home, relaxed | -ala- vv § rel. tutqIIt-

tagialanaIt- (i) to be hospitable, friendly, making others feel at home, welcomed | -ala- vv +naq-1 vdv :It-1 vdv

tagiaqtuq- (i) to go away from home | +tuq-2 vv

tagIk- or tagiuqtuq- (i) to sneeze several times in succession | -uq-2 vv +tuq-2 vv

tagiuq larva of throat botfly, smooth (not fuzzy) edible worm found in nasal cavity of caribou in spring | :uq2 vn??

tagiuq- (i) to sneeze once / kiakiaq imña itqakasakpaŋa tagiuġallaktuŋa uvlupak I wonder who is thinking of me, I’ve been sneezing all day | :uq-2 vv

tagIq- (i) to go or move from place to place; to go calling at or visiting many houses

taggiqsuaq- (i) to continually move from place to place | ‘-q-1 vv +tuaq-1 vv

tagiuti- (t) to show her/him around taking her/him from place to place | :uti-2 vv

taglu snowshoe

taglukalgusi- (i) to learn how, become able to use snowshoes expertly | -lgu-1 vv +sI- vv

taglupiaq (Nu) snowshoe with rounded tip | -piaq(-)2 nn

tagraq- (i) to travel upriver; (t) to travel upriver on it=river | cf. *ati, taalaġaq-

tagraaq person traveling upstream | [pic]aq4 vn

Tagraġvigmiut [lit ‘upriver people’] (Nu) Upper Kobuk people; Indians of Arctic Village | +vIk1 vn +miu nn -t (pl mkr)

tagranmun, (Nu) tagratmun (adv) toward upstream, upriver | -nmun (term)

tagrauti- (t) to take her/him/it upriver / tagrautigaa igl,ua umiami he is taking his other boat upriver § rel. *ati, taalaġaq-

tagrua- (i) to go out to the whaling camp and help in the cutting of the whale, thereby getting a share of the meat and maktak

*taġi (root)

taġġaQ shadow | ‘-Q4 rn

TaġġaqsiuġvIk [lit ‘time to follow one’s shadow (when a ram starts to follow his own shadow in bright moonlight; it also becomes interested in mating)] (Nu) November | ‘-Q4 rn +siuq- nv +vIk1 vn § rel. SullivIk

taġġaqtuq- (i) to see one’s reflection, to look in the mirror; (Nu) (i) to make a shadow, cast a shadow | ‘-Q4 rn +tuq-3 nv

taġġaqtuun mirror | ‘-Q4 rn +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn

taġġI- (i) to appear (of shadow) | ‘-Q4 rn ‘=I-1 nv

taġġiraq- to view, watch, see (it, e.g. televison) repeatedly, continuously for some time | ‘-Q4 rn ‘=I-1 nv ~raq-4 vv

taġġiraun television | ‘-Q4 rn ‘=I-1 nv ~raq-4 vv :uti1 vn

taġġIt- (i) to move into shade or cool place; to be thin like paper; to disappear into the shadows, out of view, disappear from sight; to cast a shadow; (t) to come into her/his/its view, vision | ‘-Q4 rn ‘=It-3 nv

taġiatitaq- (i) to cast shadows | -a- vv?? -titaq- vv

taġigraq (Ti) belt § see tiġiksraq

taġniQ (Nu) soul, life force | perhaps ~niQ rn § rel. *taġi

taġniġIq- (Nu) (i) to lose one’s life force, die | :Iq-2 nv

taġutu- (i) to be fat (of person); to be wide | +tu- nv § rel. quiñI- niġutu-

taġiuq(-) salt, ocean, sea water; (i) to use salt; (Ti) (i) to be blue; (t) to put salt on it

taġġitchII- (i) to soak something in salt water | perhaps ‘=It- nv +[t]sII- vv

taġIIq- (i) to be no longer salty | =Iq- nv

taġirrIt- to be thoroughly soaked in ocean water | ‘=It- nv

taġiuġmiut coastal people | +miu nn -t (pl mkr)

taġiuqtiq- (i) to be camping near the ocean | perhaps +tiq-1 nv

>taġyaqpak (Nu) king salmon | +qpak nn § rel. iqalugruaq

tagi- (t) to pronouce, say or utter it=word @ taisI-

taggiñ term, name of something | ‘n1 vn

taggiqł,uk- (t) to mispronounce it | ‘qłuk(- ) nn, vv

taiguaq(-) to read (it); a verse, something to read | +guq- vv [pic]aq4 vn

taiguat a reading book | +guq- vv [pic]aq4 vn -t (pl mkr)

taiguq- (t) to call them=names out | +guq- vv

taiñġuraq a vowel | +niQ1 vn :uraq1 nn

taiñiġruaq a consonant | =niQ1 vn +ġruaq nn

taiñiQ name, title, appellation; way something is pronounced or spoken | +niQ1 vn

taisaġnIQ a syllable | +saq-2 vv +niQ1 vn

taigruaq [ENG tank] oil drum | +ġuraq nn

taigruaġauraq- (i) to race by rolling an oil drum with one’s feet | +ġruaq nn +[t]aq-2 nv –uraq-2vv

taikuu [ENG] (excl) thank you

taki- (i) to be long

takiłhuyuk (Nu), takiłhuyaaq something long; someone tall | -łhuyuk vn, -yaaq2 vn, rn

takinaaq- (Nu) taknaaq- or taŋnaaq- (i) to be made long; (Nu) (i) to be lengthened; (t) to make it long; (Nu) (t) to lengthen it | -naaq-1 vv

takiruaq long hand of a clock | +t/ruaq (part 3s)

takitilaaq(-) or taktilaaq(-) length of something; (t) to measure its length | -tilaaq(-) vv, vn

takitiŋa or takitilaaŋa end of story as in expression tavra takitiŋa ‘that’s its length’ | -tilaaq(-) vv, vn -ŋa (3s-3s poss)

takkiiq something long

takłI- or takisI- (i) to become long; (t) to lengthen it | ~łI- vv, +sI-1 vv

taksruk long narrow lake | -ksruk vn

taksaġnaq ocean current flowing directly toward shore | +saq-3 vv +naq2 vn

taksI-1 (Nu) (i) to win, e.g. at cards; (t) to beat her/him in a game

taksI-2 (Ti) (i) to bring home meat from the site of a catch, e.g. whale meat from edge of ice

taksiun (Ti) magical song for luck in hunting | :uti1 vn

taksiuq- (Ti) to haul (it=esp meat from whale) to village | -uq-2 vv

taksiqsuq- (t) to call to it=animal so it will come | +tuq-2 vv

taksiqsuun an animal call to the animals | :un1 vn

taksraq (Nu) bull’s-eye, center of target

taksruq- (Nu) (i) to come up to land, village, after arriving onshore; >to return from whaling § rel. qaksruq-

taktuk(-) fog; (i) to be foggy

taktuguq- to become foggy | +uq-1

taktukłuk dark cloud over open ocean water | +łuk1 nn

taktuksiun compass | +siun nn

taku- (t) to visit to see how someone is, to visit someone in the hospital; to check on it @ takurI-, takusI- / takuraani unnuaq he came to see how I was last night; takugaa pamma aapani naŋirvigmun he has gone to see his father at the hospital

takkuanI in the presence of her/him | ‘-Q4 vn :anI (3s-3s poss abl)

takkuaniñ from her/his presence / takkuaniñguuq piiġiñ he said for you to remove yourself from his sight | ‘-Q4 vn :aniñ (3s-3s poss abl)

>takkuġmuq- (i) to show up, appear [?] | ‘-Q4 vn +muq- rv

takkuġnI in your presence | ‘-Q4 vn +ŋnI (2s-s poss loc)

takkuġniñ from your presence / takkuġniñ piiquviuŋ do you want her to be removed from your sight | ‘-Q4 vn +ŋnI (2s-s poss abl)

takkumnI in my presence / takkumni tainna uqallaktuaq she said that in my presence | ‘-Q4 vn mnI (1s-s poss loc)

takkumniñ from my presence / ii takkumniñ piiġuŋ yes remove it from my presence | ‘-Q4 vn -mniñ (1s-s poss abl)

**takkuq (root) presence of | ‘-Q4 vn

takkun or takkugauraq pupil of eye; line of vision; presence | takkumni uqallautiran you told him in my presence | -n1 vn -gauraq nn § see tautuun

takkuqsraaq- (t) to witness an incident | ‘-Q4 vn +ksraaq- nv

takpiil,aaġruk boreal owl (Aegolius funereus)

takpIk- (i) to have good eyesight, good vision | -pik-1 vv

takpiil,I- (i) become poor, weaken (of one’s eyes) | :It-1 nv -lI-2 vv

takpIIt- (i) to have poor eyesight | :It-1 nv

takpiil,aq one with poor eyesight | :It-1 nv :Il,aq vn

takuiññaq- (t) to look longingly, stare at her/him/it | :iññaq-1 vv

takunaIt- (i) to be invisible | +naIt- vv

takunnaq- to stare (at her/him/it) | -nnaq-2 vv § rel. qiñiq-

takupqaŋa- (i) to derive great deal of pleasure visiting with each other after not seeing each other for a long time; (t) to experience pleasure from visiting her/him/it not seen in a long time | -pqaŋa- vv

takuq- (i) to grind one’s teeth; (t) to chew it

takuutik (dual) meat grinder | :un1 vn -k (dual mkr) § rel. siqupsiñ

takuutitaq- to grind (it) using a meat grinder | :un1 vn +[t]aq-2 nv

takuyaq flag § rel. taku-

takuyyiġvik or takuyyiqpik flagpole | ‘=Iq-1 nv +vIk1 vn or ‘=Iq-1 nv -qpik vn

takuyyIq- (i) to raise a flag; (t) to raise a flag on it | ‘=Iq-1 nv

talak (call to dogs) come!

taligvak northern killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) ? | +vak1 nn

talIq(-) arm; hand of clock; foreleg, front leg of four-legged animal; (i) to dance in sitting position gesturing with the arms and hands

taliġaq (Nu) large bracelet worn on forearm by women; piece at end of trap chain | +[ġ]aq2 nn § rel. tayaġniġun

taliġmIk- (i) to compete with arms interlocked and pulling; (t) to compete with arms interlocked and pulling with him | +mIk-1 nv

taliġuq fore flipper | ġuq2 nn

taliqpIk right arm; right side | -qpik vn

taliunnaq (Nu) song for arm dance | :unnaq vn § rel. talIq(-)

talliaq- or taliurraaq- (i) to break one’s arm; (t) to break her/his arm | ‘-aq-3 or -urraaq- nv

tallIk- (i) to scratch oneself; (t) to scratch or claw her/him/it | ‘-k-2 nv § rel. kumik-, qitchuk-

tallimaat the fifth one of a series | :Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn :at (3p-3s abs poss)

tallimakipiaq one hundred | :Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn -kipiaq nn

tallimalik 10’ x 12’ wall tent which has five panels; five, at cards | ‘=Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn –lik1 nn

tallimaq (Nu) a fifth one / tallimaksraqput tikitchuq a potential fifth to our group (of four) has arrived | ‘=Iq-1 nv perhaps -maq2 vn

tallimat five | ‘=Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn -t (pl mkr)

tallimat malġuk seven | ‘=Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn -t (pl mkr)

tallimat piŋasut eight | ‘=Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn -t (pl mkr)

tallimattaaq- (Nu) (i) to play a card game, “fives” | ‘=Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn -t (pl mkr) perhaps -taaq- nv

Tallimmiġñiq or (Ti) TallimaŋŋuQ Friday | ‘=Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv +niQ1 vn

tallimmIq- (i) to be now provided with a fifth one; (t) to provide her/him/it with a fifth one / tallimmiqsut aġnaiyaamik they now number five with the girl | ‘=Iq-1 nv -maq2 vn ‘=Iq- nv

TallimmIq- (i) to be Friday / tallimmiqsugut it is Friday

talliŋñiQ scratch mark | ‘-k-2 nv +niQ1 vn § rel. qitchugniQ

talIt- (i) to disappear from view; (t) to conceal it

talu(-) (Nu) door (originally a bear skin or caribou hide covering the tent opening); covering; ice shield (esp. for bearded seal hunting); shooting sail, white camouflage screen for whalers; (t) to cover her/him/it from view; (Nu) (t) to close it=door § rel. paa, upkuaq(-)

taluIq- (i) to be now uncovered; (Nu) (t) to open it=door | :Iq-2 nv

talukiyaaq(-) or talukuyaaq(-) curtain; (Nu) mosquito net; (Nu) shooting sail; (t) to pull the curtains on her/him/it | -kiyaaq(-) nv, nn

taluuq- or talutuq- (Nu) (i) to hunt bearded seals during spring using a shooting sail, ice shield,or ice pile for cover | -uq-2 nv or +tuq-3 nv

taluyaq(-) (Nu) fish trap; (i) to be trapped (of fish); (t) to catch it=fish swimming downstream | -yaq(-) nn, nv § rel. +iaq2 vn

taluyaqtuq- (Nu) (i) to fish using a fish trap | -yaq(-) nn, nv +tuq-3 nv

*taluq (root) sternness, intimidating

taluġi- (t) to feel that she/he is unapproachable, to feel submissive toward, fear her/his wrath; to be unable to assert oneself against her/him | +[g]i-2 rv

taluġnaIt- (i) to be friendly, kind, communicative; to smile readily | +naq-1 vv :It-1 nv

taluġnaq- (i) to be stern, unfriendly, uncommunicative; to be frowning; (t) to be frowning at her/him/it | +naq-1 vv

taluġnaqsI- (i) to frown | +naq-1 vv +sI-1 vv

taluqsraIt- (i) to not be easily intimidated | -qsraq-1 vv :It-1 nv

taluqsralliaġi- (t) to browbeat her/him/it | -qsraq-1 vv -lliaġi- vv

taluqsraq- (i) to feel submissive toward another; to fear someone’s wrath and remain non-assertive | -qsraq-1 vv

taluqsrau- (i) to be easily intimidated, scared | -qsraq-1 vvd :u- vv

talva (Ti) that’s all, it’s over § see tarva

tamaanI (dem adv in loc) located in that area around there, around the listener; idiomatic use as answer to question suvich? “what is it, can I help you? just being around here, that’s all

tamala- (i) to be loosely woven; be scattered; to be not dense, not compact

tamallaq- (i) to scatter (esp of ocean ice which disperses) | ‘-q-1 vv § rel. siamit-

*tamaq (root) entirety, whole § rel. iluqaQ see Appendix1

tamaan (pron) all of her/him/it (used only as obj) / tamaan qairruŋ uvamnun give me all of it | :an (3s-s rel poss)

tamaġma (pron) all of me | +ma (1s-s rel poss)

tamaġmik (pron) all of both of them (used only as subj) | +mik (3d-s rel poss)

tamaġmI (pron) all of her/him/it (used only as subj) / tamaġmi nakuuruq all of it is good | +mI (3Rs-s rel poss)

tamaġmiŋ or tamaġmik (pron) all of them, all together, everyone (used only as subj) | +miŋ (3Rp-s rel poss)

tamaigñik (pron) both of themd (used only as obj)

tamaisa (pron) all of them (used only as obj) | -isa (3p-s rel poss)

tamaisigun (pron in via) through all of them | -isigun (3p-s rel poss in via)

tamalguq (Ti) dollar | -lguq nn

tamamnuk (pron) all of both of usd | -mnuk (1d-s rel poss)

>tamannałhaiññaq (adv) all the time, repeatedly / ? tamannałhaiññaq qiaruq she cries all of the time

tamapta (pron) all of us | -pta (1p-s rel poss)

tamaqpIt (pron) all of yous | +kpIt (2s-s rel poss)

tamatigun (Nu) (adv in via) altogether, in all respects, completely | -tigun (via)

tamatkII- (i) to take everything one owns; (t) to take everything she/he owns | -tkIq- nv -I-9 vv

tamatkIq- (t) to take it all | -tkiq- nv

tamavsI (pron) all of you | -vsI (2p-s rel poss)

tamavsik (pron) all of the both of you | -vsik (2d-s rel poss)

tammaq- (i) to be lost; (t) to lose it, not be able to find it

tammaa- (i) to be lost, lose one’s way | -a- vv

tammaġniQ lost person out on ice, tundra; adopted child ? | +niQ1 vn

tammaġvIk [lit ‘place of being lost’] hell | +vIk1 vn

tammaI- (i) to lose something; (t) to lose her/him/it | -I-7 vv

tamuq- to chew (it)

tammuġiksaq- (i) to chew over, chew cud; (t) to chew it over | ‘-Q4 vn +[g]iksaq- nv

tamuaq a single bite of food; something being chewed | [pic]aq4 vn

tamuluk- (i) to snack, eat a little (not a whole meal) | -luk- vv § rel. kigak-

tamuqasiraaq piece of tough meat or hide to chew on | -qasiraaq vn

tamuqatchiaq something to chew; gum | perhaps -qatchiaq vn § rel. -atchiaq3(-) vn

tamuutail,aq (Nu) year-old sheep with stubs of horns | :un1 vn :Il,aq nn

Tanik Caucasian, white person

Taniayaaq white child; half-white person | -ayaaq nn

TaniksI- (t) to translate it into English | perhaps +sI-5 nv

>Taniksiñ an English word | +sI-5 nv ‘-n1 vn

TaniksiñiQ English name of person / taniksiñiġa Edna, aasii Iñupiaqsiñikka Paniattaaġlu Miñġuuraġlu my English name is Edna, and my two Iñupiaq names are Paniattaaq and Miñġuuraq | +sI-5 nv +niQ1 vn

taniktaaluk (Nu) dog with hanging ears | +qtaq nn -aluk nn

taniktaq something inherently of white man’s culture; non- traditional item; (Nu) dog with hanging ears | +qtaq nn

tanniqi- (i) to associate and be overly friendly to white people | ‘=Iqi-1 nv

tanŋuraaq- or tanŋurak- (i) to speak English | :uraaq-1 nv

tanuġaksi- (i) to become dusk (of day) | +sI-1 vv

taŋIq- (i) to eat the best part of the food; (t) to eat its=food best part; (Ti) bread, biscuit eaten with tea or coffee

>taŋiq pl taŋiġIt proof, concrete evidence of a claim; residue, substance left over from a process, esp fat remaining after blubber liquefies

taŋiku- (i) to have something remaining (such as rendered blubber strips after oil is made), residue | -ku(-) nv, nn

taŋiġIt- (i) to be false, incorrect | :It-1 nv

taŋŋIq- (i) to become a reality, be fulfilled (of a promise) | ‘=Iq-1 nv

taŋmIk- (i) to swerve, turn aside, ricochet, be deflected

taŋmiġutaq skid, board placed under heavy object to make pulling easier (esp for boats) | -ġutaq vn

*tapa (root)

tapagi- (Ti) (t) to enjoy someone’s company, to like to be with someone | +[g]i-1 rv

>tapasi- (Ti) to grow to like it; (t) to want to do it | +sI-1 vv

tapiQ(-) additional piece added to enlarge or complete something; (i) to lie alongside, be parallel to each other ??; (t) to widen by adding a piece to it @ tapiqsI-

tapiglak- (i) to go through, pierce through to the other side; (t) to pierce it | -lak-1 vv

tapiġiik (Nu) two things which form something complete; something and its enlargement | +[g]iik nn

>tapiqtaaġiik two things doubled (e.g. clothing); overlapped flat objects | +t/raaq2 nn +[g]iik nn

tapit- (i) to be folded over; to walk abreast of each other, side by side; (t) to shoot them=two animals or things with one arrow or bullet; (Ti) (t) to soak her/him (of wet clothing) against her/his skin | -t-2 vv

tappIq- (t) to side with her/him; to second, endorse it=motion or nomination so that a vote may be taken; (Nu) (t) to complete, enlarge it by adding; to be a companion, friend to her/him | ‘=Iq-2 nv rel. aippIq-, sivunnIqsa

tavlik- (t) to penetrate it | =lik2 vv

tapqaq1 small island, sand bar off ocean shore / >qaviamik tapqaqaġuuruq unuuna there are usually small islands of sand down on the ocean; tapqaq kiktuġaummimman tavruuna siñġamik pisuugaat when the sand bar is segmented that area where it is not connected is called “siñġaq” § rel. siñġaq

tapqaġnaq (Nu) island, sandbar in lake | +naq3 nn

tapqaq2 (Nu) place on kayak where ropes are tied (there are two, front and back)

tapsI(-) (Nu, Ti) belt; to put a belt on (her/him) § see tavsI(-)

tapsiaq rawhide thong worn as belt or used as strap on dog pack | [pic]aq4 vn

tapsiñaaq (Ti) strip of meat across underside of whale, below silvIIt | -naaq3 nn § rel. silviit

taptayuġaq rib cartilage; ensiform appendage between floating ribs | -yuġaq n

taptau- (Nu) (t) to grab her/him (of player who has his eyes covered in the game of taptauraq and then uncovers the eyes to see who it is)

taptauraq- (Nu) (i) to play a game where one player who has pulled down his parka hood, holding it in his teeth, tries to grab others | ~raq-4 vv

taputi- or taput- >(i) to be included; (t) to include her/him/it

tapurrau- (i) to be included | ~raq1 vn :u-2 nv

tapurrI- (i) to influence someone; to include someone /something | :urrI- vv

taqak blood vessel, vein | perhaps -qak nn, vn

taqagluksI- (i) to suffer from varicose veins | +luk-1 nv +sI-1 vv

taqakpak or >taqaq large blood vessel; vein artery | +qpak(-) nn, vv

taqalukisaq (Nu) butterfly

taqalukisaksraq (Nu) brightly colored tundra flower (believed to turn into a butterfly) | -ksraq(-)1 nn, vv

taqhammuq- or taqhammuk-, (Nu) taqammuq- (i) to sink without a big splash, fall cleanly into the water with a plop; (t) to cause it to sink, without a splash

taqilakisaaq northern buttercup (Ranunculus sp.)

taqit- (i) to give up

taqpa- (i) to be wide open | +q-7 vv

taqpaq- (t) to open it wide; let it remain wide open | +q-7 vv

taqpak nostril; (Ti) flare of nostril

taqtu kidney

taqtuġutit kidney fat from caribou or whale | -ġun nn -t (pl mkr)

taqtunak side of body above hip, toward front | -nak nn

taqtunaktu- (i) to be husky, heavy, thick-flanked | -nak nn +tu- nv

taqtunnak pair of tenderloins | -nak nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

taqtunnaq- (t) to hurt on one side of the body (as from laughing hard) | perhaps -nnaq-2 v

taqtuutut stars § rel. uvluġiaq

taquaq(-) trail snack; (i) to bring along a trail snack, carry provisions

taqurrIt- (t) to supply her/him with provisions | ‘=It-3 nv

taquuppIk (Nu) beaded earrings worn by women (rings of beads) | cf. siutiġun

taak- (i) to split into layers; (t) to split it into layers; to remove an article of clothing which is attached to another piece of clothing @ taaksI-

taaktiq- (t) to remove an article of clothing which is attached to another or covers another | [pic]tiq-2 vv

taakti [ENG doctor] medical doctor, physician

taaktigu- (t) to give her/him/it medical treatment | -gu- nv

taalaġaq- (i) to go inland (of person); (Nu) (i) to travel up to the mountains

taalġaa- (i) to head inland (of people); (Nu) (i) to travel en masse up to the mountains | -a-1 vv

taalġaat, (Nu) taalaġaat party of people heading inland; (Nu) travelers going up to the mountains | -a-1 vv -t (pl mkr)

taammak(-) game of checkers; checker piece; (i) to play checkers

taammagvIk checkerboard | +vIk1 vn

tarraq- (t) to brush against her/him/it § see tatraq- under tati-

tarva or tavra (dem adv as excl) yes, I know; that’s right; that is all; that’s enough, stop it § see Appendix § rel. aaŋ, aaglukiaq, ail,l,ukiaq, iaqi, ñiaq, aŋŋuu(ŋ)

tarvaŋŋatchiaq or tavraŋŋatchiaq (excl) all of a sudden, suddenly | -aŋŋa (dem abl) -tchiaq4 (encl)

tarvauvvaa or tavrauvvaa (excl) at once, immediately; right then and there | uvva

tasI-1 (i) to stretch, be stretched

tasIt- (t) to stretch it @ tasitchI- | +t-1 vv

>tasitchaq- (t) to work on it, to stretch it | +t-1 vv +saq-2 vv

tasiqsruq- (i) to stretch one’s arms; (t) to stretch it @ tasiqsruI- | +t-1 vv [pic]qsruq-2 vv

tasiraġaaq or tasiraġaq rubber band, elastic | +raġaaq(-) vv or -raġaq2 vn

tasirruk- (t) to make it bigger by stretching | =rruk- vv

>tasiuk- (t) to stretch it=skin with scraper | +uk-2 vv

*tasI-2 (root)

tasikuaġun leash, lead, trace | -kuaq- nv +un1 vn

tasikuaq- to lead (her/him/it) with a leash | -kuaq- nv

tasiuq- (i) to hold hands; (t) to hold her/his hand | :uq-2 vv

tasiuqtuaq- (i) to hold hands while leisurely walking; (t) to hold her/his hand while leisurely walking | :uq-2 vv +tuaq-1 vv

tasIq lagoon, inlet

tasiġaaġruk lagoon | +[g]aq2 nn -ġruk nn

>tasiġaq or tasiġauraq pond | +[g]aq2 nn +[g]aq2 nn :uraq1 nn

tasuq- (t) to repossess, take back, redeem or to ransom her/him/it @ tasuI- | -I-6 § rel. tatuq-

*tata (root) extreme apprehension, anxiety

tataigi- (t) to be fearful of, be wary of her/him/it | :It-1 vv [pic][g]i-2 vv

>tatamaa- (i) to be terrified | perhaps +maa- vv

tatamit- (i) to become frightened enough to quit, to become aware of the detrimental consequences and choose not to repeat an experience, to “learn a lesson” | +mit- vv

tatamnaq- (i) to be terrible, very frightening | perhaps +mit- vv -naq-1 vv

tatamni- (t) to frighten her/him/it sufficiently enough so that she/he/it will not dare to do again | +mit- vv perhaps :I-8 vv

tatasuk- (i) to be easily frightened | -suk-3 vv

tatavrua- (i) to react fearfully almost in panic to loud noises | -vrua- vv

tatavrualatchI- (t) to terrify her/him/it with a loud noise | -vrua- vv perhaps -latchI- vv

tatavsaq- (i) to punish, ‘teach a lesson’ to oneself; (t) to punish her/him/it to ‘teach him a lesson’ @ tatavsaI- | -vsaq- vv

tati- (i) to be too tight (of clothing); (t) to brush against, lean against, touch, squeeze up next to her/him/it

tarraq- (t) to brush against her/him/it repeatedly | ~raq-4 vv

tatimmI- (i) to swarm close together (esp of caribou on hot days); (t) to be touching her/him/it | +mmI-6 vv

tatimmiraq- (i) to be closely packed in a group | +mmI-6 vv -raq-4 vv

tatimmirat closely packed herd of caribou | +mmI-6 vv

tattala- ??

tattalauraq- (i) to be a tight fit | -lauraq-2 vv

tattuq- (i) to be stuck in a narrow space; be too narrow; to be too small (of clothing) | ‘-q-1 vv

tattuqIt- (i) to be closed in, cramped, be restricted by crowding | ‘-q-1 vv -qIt- vv

tattuqun a wedge for tightening or securing | ‘-q-1 vv :un1 vn

tattuqusIq- (t) to place an object in it to close it tighter / tattuqusiqł,ugu kisian umiguuruq upkuaq the door closes only when an object is placed to make it tighter | ‘-q-1 vv :un1 nv ~Iq-1 nv

tatumiaq- (t) to be in contact with, touching her/him/it as one moves | perhaps +miaq-2 vv

tatigI frame cache (usually constructed of long and big whale bones) high off ground, to keep skin boat safe from dogs § rel. ikiġġat

tatiġila- (Ti) (i) to chatter from cold (of one’s teeth) | -la- vv

tatirgak lesser sandhill crane (Grus canadensis)

tatitu- (i) to be sensible, level-headed, unexcitable | +tu- vv

tatmigiaq- (Nu) (i) to use a stick to steady oneself in snow, ice (often of hunter on snowshoes); to ski

tatmigiaġutik (Nu) skis | :un1 vn -k (dual mkr)

tatqIq moon, month

tatqiaġIk- (i) to shine brightly (of moon) | perhaps -aq-5 nv +[g]Ik- vv

tatqiaq or titqiaq visor on a cap for shading the eyes | -aq6 nn

tatqIk- (t) to adjust, trim its=lamp wick | -k-4 nv

tatqiñik- (i) to be a new moon; to be another month | -nik-1 nv

>Tatqitchiaq (Nu) October | -tchiaq(-)1 nn § rel. NuliaġvIk

tatqiun wick adjuster | -k-4 nv :un1 vn

tattuI- (Ti) (i) to be constipated

tatuq- (Ti) (t) to take it back from someone, repossess § rel. tasuq-

tatuI- (Ti) to take back, repossess something (from him) | -I-7 vv

taugaaqIq(-) or taugaaqqIq(-), (Ti) tauġaaqqiq tobacco; (i) to smoke tobacco

tauġaaqqipiaq (Ti) leaf tobacco | -piaq(-)2 nn

taunna (demonstrative with prefix ta(t)) that down there § see ġun

taunnatchIq the one farthest down or the one close to the door or the ocean | +tchIq1 nn, dn § see ġun

tauqsIq- to buy (it)

tauqsiaq something bought or traded | [pic]aq4 vn

tauqsiġiaq- to go and buy (it) | +Iaq-1 vv

tauqsiġñiaġvIk or tauqsiġiaġvIk store | +niaq(-)2 vv +vIk1 vn

tausaqsiŋaasuuna! or tausaqsiŋa-haa! (excl) of displeasure or disgust used to get attention before one scolds [get the source of the phrase]

tautchikun (Nu) together § see atautchikun

tautuk- to see (her/him/it)

tauttugIk- (i) to look healthy, well | +[g]Ik- nv

tauttugIIq- (i) to look unhealthy, not well; to have a bad appearance | +[g]Ik- nv perhaps :Iq-2 vv

tauttuġIk- (i) to see well, good eyesight | ?+[g]Ik- nv

tauttuġIIq- (i) to be nearly blind, have bad eyesight | ?+[g]Ik- nv :Iq-2 vv

tauttuġluk- to see or find her/him/it unexpectedly or sick | ‘-ġluk- vv

tautugnaIq- (i) to vanish from sight; (t) to cause her/him/it to vanish from sight | +naq-1 vv :Iq-2 vv

tautuŋnammaġIk- to be clearly visible | +naq-1 vv -mmaġIk- vv

tautuktuuraaq- to envision (her/him/it) | +t/ruuraaq- vv

tautuŋa- (Nu) to be able to see her/him/it, for her/him/it to be visible to one | [pic]ŋa- vv

tautuun or takkun pupil of eye | :un1 vn

tautuyuġnaq- or tautuyunaq- (i) to be beautiful, good looking | -yuġnaq- vv

tavlik- (Ti) (i) to get soaked § rel. aġIt-

tavlu chin

tavluġun chin tattoo | -ġun nn

>tavlumiaq- (i) to protrude, extend the chin repeatedly (of dancer) | +mIk-1 vv -aq-1 vv

tavra or tarva (dem adv as excl) yes, I know; that’s right; that is all; that’s enough, stop it § see Appendix § rel. aaŋ, aaglukiaq, ail,l,ukiaq, iaqi, ñiaq, aŋŋuu(ŋ)

tavraaq- (i) to stop, having had enough, a limit | perhaps -aq-8 nv

tavrakiaq (excl) I think, guess that is it | +kiaq (encl)

tavrakii (excl) it happened, couldn’t be avoided and can’t be helped! | +kii (encl)

tavraliasii (conj) and then consequently | +lI (encl) aasii (conj)

tavranI (dem adv in loc) located there, near the listener; right then; (Ti) right now | +anI (dem loc)

tavraŋŋaqaŋa (adv) from that time on | +aŋŋa (dem abl) qaŋa (adv)

tavraŋŋatchiaq (adv) suddenly; all of a sudden | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +tchiaq4 (encl)

tavrapayaaq (excl) that is better; that’s more like it | -payaaq(-)3 vn

tavraqiatchiaq (adv) just over there (restricted and visible); not very long ago | -qi- vv +tchiaq4 (encl)

tavraqiuraq right there very close to the listener or actor | -qi- vv :uraq vn

tavra tainnaviiññaq it’s always like that

tavra tavrani (interjection) at that very moment

tavratuaq or tavratualuk (excl) that’s all, that was the last one, ending of something | +tuaq3 dn or -tualuk dn

tavrauvva (adv) at once, immediately, suddenly, right away | uvva (dem adv) § see ġuv

tavrutaq thread trim along stitches attaching boot top to sole | perhaps +rutaq nn

>tavrun ? [ETA]

tavsI(-) belt; strip of maktak and meat from the waist area of whale, saved for the captain to do what he wants to do, usually served at village feast; to put one’s belt on (her/him/it) § rel. tiġiksraq

tavsiaq waistband; a strip of caribou skin used for the belly of a dog when traveling in cold weather, especially a bitch during the time they are feeding the pups | -aq6 nn

tavsiñaaq (Ti) one-foot-wide strip around belly and back of whale taken by fourth boat | -naaq3 nn

tavsiñiQ waist | +niQ1 vn § see qitiq

>tayaq or tayaġun bracelet | -ġun nn

tayaġnailisaq (Ti) cuff on sleeve | +niQ4 rn -Ilisaq vn

tayaġniġun or >tayaġnaun bracelet | +niQ4 rn -ġun nn

tayaġniq or tayaġniġun wrist | +niQ4 rn or +niQ4 rn -ġun nn

tayaġniġutik fur wristlets for traveling | +niQ4 rn -ġun nn -k (dual mkr)

tayaġmiutaq (Nu) wristwatch | +miutaq rn § rel. siqiñġuraq

tayyat (Ti) bracelet | ‘-t (pl mkr)

tiansauraq [ENG ten cents] dime | :uraq nn

tiggak or tiggagniq male seal in rut | +niQ4 nn

tiggak- (i) to catch a breeding male seal | +t- nv

tiggagnIt- (i) to taste or smell like a rutting seal | +nIt-2 nv

tiggaq- (i) to be stiff | perhaps -q-5 nv

tiglik- to steal (her/him/it)

tigligaI- (t) to steal from her/him/it | +aq-1 vv -I-7 vv

tigligaqti or tigligayukti thief, robber | +aq-1 vv +t/ri3 vn or +aq-1 vv -yuk(-)1 vv +t/ri3 vn § rel. tigguyuk

tigliyuk(-) (i) to steal regularly, habitually; one who steals regularly | -yuk(-)1 vv

*tig (root) (needs definition)

tigliq- (i) to beat, pulsate once | -liq-3 rv

tigliqtaat pulse | -liq-3 rv +taraq2 vn -t (pl mkr)

tigliqtaq- (i) to beat, pulsate, throb (of heart or pulse) | -liq-3 rv +t/raq-1vv

tigluaq- (t) to hit her/him/it repeatedly with fist | -luk-5 rv -aq-1 vv

tigluk- (t) to strike her/him/it with side of fist | -luk-5 rv

tigluktuq- (i) to be knocking; (t) to knock at her/his door | -luk-5 rv +tuq-2 vv

tigluun side of the fist, under little finger | -luk-5 rv :un1 vn

tigluuralaqi- (Ti) (t) to bruise her/him/it | -luk-5 rv :uraq(-) vn, vv -laqi- vv

tigluuraq(-) bruise; (i) to get bruised | -luk-5 rv :uraq(-) vn

tigluurI- (Ti) (t) to give her/him a black eye | -luk-5 rv :uraq(-) vn ‘=I-1 nv

tigrI- (t) to frighten it=bird into flight § see tiŋi-

tigu- (i) to take hold and hang on; (t) to take, grab or arrest her/him/it

tigguġlugaq- (i) to handle the ball in soccer thereby breaking a rule | ‘-gluk- vv +aq-1 vv

tigguġluk- (t) to grab her/him/it roughly | ‘-gluk- vv

tigguk- to take or grab (them) repeatedly | ‘-k- vv

tiggun potholder | ‘-n1 vn

tigguti- (i) to take each other as partners in a union, e.g. marriage | ‘-ti-2 vv

tigguvIk handle of anything | ‘-vIk1 vn

>tigguuvIk or tiguuvIk adoptive parent | -u-4 vv +vIk1 vn

tigguyuk thief, robber | ‘-yuk(-)1 vn § rel. tigligaqti

tiguaq(-) adopted child; to adopt (a child) | [pic]aq4 vn

tiguġIq handle; doorknob | -ġIq vn

tiguġlIq doorknob; hole in bow of kayak used as a handle | -ġ -lIQ4 vn,nn

tigula- to grab for (it) but be unable to hold onto it | -la- vv

tigumiaq(-) something carried in one’s arms; to carry (her/him/it) in one’s arms or hands | +miaq(-) vn

tigumirrIq- (i) to take something to carry, take with one; (Nu) (i) to take or grab something; (t) to give her/him something to carry or take along; (Nu) (t) to take something away from her/him | +miaq(-) vn,vv =rrIq-2 nv

tigumirrIt- (t) to give her/him something to carry, take | +miaq(-) vn ‘=It-4 nv

tigummI- (i) to hold on; (t) to be holding onto her/him/it | +mmI-6 vv

tigummin (Ti) loop on a hunting sling through which one’s middle finger is passed | +mmI-6 vv ‘-n1 vn

tigummiraq- (i) to take hold, grab on to something and not let go; (t) to take hold of, grab on to her/him/it and not let go | +mmI-6 vv ~raq-4 vv

tigurI policeman | +t/rI3 vn | syn. isiqsiri

tigurI- (i) to arrest someone | -rI-6 vv

tigurrIq- (t) to give her/him a child to adopt | [pic]aq4 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

tigusI- (i) to select something | +sI-3 vv

tigutaaġvIk prison, jail | -taaq-1 vv +vIk1 vn

tigutaaq- (t) to put her/him in jail | -taaq-1 vv

tigutaaqtaq prisoner | -taaq-1 vv +t/raq4 vn

tiguuvIk adoptive parent | :u- nv +vIk1 vn

tigvaq- (i) to come all the way inside, to the back of the house; (t) to put it behind one’s back or to the back of a room? § see kiluvaq-

tigvasIk- (i) to be well inside a house ? | -sIk-1 vv

tigvauti- (t) to take her/him/it out of danger or harm ? | :uti-2 vv

tiġiganniaq arctic fox

*tiġik (root)

tiġii- (i) to try not to make noise while doing something, e.g. a hunter stalking game | perhaps -I-9 rv

tiġiigaq- (i) to stalk an animal, crouching; (t) to stalk it=animal, crouching | -I-9 rv +aq-1 vv (g is inserted to prevent a three vowel cluster)

tiġiksruq- (i) to advance toward an animal in a crouching position; (t) to advance toward it=animal in a crouching positon [what about soldiers carrying guns advancing on their enemies?] | [pic]qsruq-2 vv § rel. auq-

tiġiksraq belt for pants | rel tavsi

tiġItqiñ (Nu) main sheet of sailboat

tiġitquq corner / igalaam tiġitquagun itchuaqtuġnisuugait they say that one could usually look in through the corner of the skylight | -tquq rn § rel. kaŋiġalluk

tiġri (Ti) white scales in ear § see siġri(-)

tiġriŋŋuat (Ti) oatmeal | -ŋŋuaq nn -t (pl mkr

tii [ENG] tea

tiiġruaq tea leaves | -ġruaq nn

tiiliuġun teapot | -liuq- nv :un1 vn

tiitchiġiiyaun (Ti) tea strainer | -q-5 nv +[t]sIq- vv +[g]IIt- vv =Iyaq- vv :un1 vn

tiipak a flirt

tiipaktaq- (i) to act coquettish, flirt | +t/raq-1 nv

tiipaŋa- (i) to be coquettish, promiscuous | [pic]ŋa- nv

tiiqtala- (i) to move about excitedly |

tikalaaq hollow in spinal column | -laaq3 rn

tikiQ index finger; thimble

tikalaak a pair of three-fingered mittens | -laaq3 rn -k (dual mkr)

tikala- ?

tikalauraq- (i) to shake one’s index finger sternly; (t) to point a finger at her/him/it sternly | -lauraq-2 nv

tikiġaq or tikiġauraq point of land | +[ġ]aq2 nn

Tikiġaq village of Point Hope, Alaska | +[ġ]aq2 nn

tikiġil,aq- (i) to not use a thimble when sewing | :Ilaq- nv

tikiġmIk- (i) to do the finger pull with the index finger | +mIk-1 nv | syn qaqauġmIk-

tikiġun protector for index finger, (used by carvers) | -ġun nn

tikiqtuq- (i) to use a thimble when sewing | +tuq-3 nv

tikkivIk thimble holder | ‘-vIk nn

tikkuaġaun pointer, rod used to direct attention; a pistol | ‘-k-3 nv -aq-1 vv +aq-1 vv :un1 vn

tikkuaq- (i) to point, to take aim; (t) to point or take aim at her/him/it @ tikkuaqsI- | ‘-k-3 nv -aq-1 vv

tikkuaqtuq- (i) to keep pointing; (t) to keep pointing at her/him/it | ‘-k-3 nv -aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv

tikkuk- or tikkuutit- (i) to bristle, stand on end, stiffen (of hair) | perhaps ‘-k-3 nv or ‘-k-3 nv -u-4 vv -tit-2 vv

tikkuun signpost, indication at trail junction | ‘-k-3 nv :un1 vn

tikkuusIq- (t) to mark it=trail or road | ‘-k-3 nv :un1 vn ~Iq-1 nv

tikIt- (i) to arrive at, reach one’s destination or goal; (t) to reach her/him/it

tikil,l,aa- (i) to arrive at a series of places, villages on one’s journey; to keep arriving (of many) | -llaa- vv

tikiñġaaq newly arrived visitor | perhaps +nġaq-1 vv [pic]aq4 vn | syn iglaaq

tikirviksraq goal, destination | +vIk1 vn -ksraq(-)1 nn

tikitqaurraq- (i) to race | +qqaaq- vv =urraq- vv

>tikiut- or tikiuti- or tikirruti- (t) to reach one’s destination bringing her/him/it with oneself @ tikirrurrI- | -ut-2 vv or :un2 vv or +ruti-2 vv

tikkiġl,uk- (i) to arrive in a bad way, disposition (e.g. sick, angry) | ‘-ġluk- vv

tiktaq someone carried out to sea on an icefloe or swept out to sea § see tiŋit- § rel. uisauruaq

tilaammaayuun tobacco pouch of wolverine head skin § see silammaayuun

tilaammaayuutnaq (Nu) powder flask | +naq3 nn

tilaaqiaq Hudson Bay tea (Ledum sp.)

tilaiññIIt (Nu) caribou skin tent cover for summer tent, made of six skins with hair removed | sg. tilaiññIQ rel. itchalik

tilak- to scrub (it=large surface area)

tilagvIk mop bucket | +vIk1 vn

tilaġġI- or tilaI- to sweep (it=large surface area) with a broom or brush | -ġġi- vv or perhaps -I-1 vv

tilaġġisit broom | -ġġI- vv ‘-ti-1 vn -t (pl mkr)

tilaktuq- to wipe (it) dry @ tilaktuI- | +tuq-2 vv

tilautit mop | -un1 vn -t (pl mkr)

tilI- (t) to send her/him on an errand; to tell her/him to do something @ tiliri-, tilisi-

tilirau- (i) to be sent on an errand | +t/raq4 vn :u-2 nv

tiliuq- (t) to order, command her/him about repeatedly | -uq-2 vv

tilliñ command, order | ‘-ti1 vn

tiluk- or tiluktuq- (t) to clean it=e.g. rug or bedding by beating @ tiluksI- or tiluktuI- | +tuq-2 vv

tiluun or tiluktuun beater, stick used to beat rugs or fox skins for removing dirt | -un1 vn or +tuq-2 vv -un1 vn

timi body; body of boat; part of boot above the sole

timaut- (t) to shoot her/him/it in upper part of body; to carry it=kayak between two bodies of water, to portage | +ut-1 nv

timmaaq- (t) to shoot it=animal in upper part of body @ timmaaqsI- | ‘-aq-3 nv

tivlI- (i) to sew on the body of the boot | ~lI-1 nv

timmaala- (i) to have a rumbling or buzzing sound in one’s ear; to make a whirring sound

timmaallaayuuq (Nu) long stone used with sling, which makes a whirring sound | -ayuuq vn

tinit- (Nu) (i) to be almost empty, have little water (e.g. of pail), to be at ebb tide (of sea), to be low (of river)

tinnik bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina)

tinnIq- (t) to touch her/him softly in silent communication to silence or warn @ tinniqsI-

tinniqsuq- (t) to nudge her/him to call his attention | +tuq-2 vv

tinu- (t) to push her/him/it @ tinusI-

tinuraq- to keep pushing (her/him/it) @ tinuraI- | +t/raq-1 vv

tiŋak pubic hair

tiŋauraq dried black moss used for tinder | :uraq(-) nn, vv

tiŋaurat lichen | :uraq(-) nn, vv -t (pl mkr)

tiŋayuq, (Nu) tiŋayuk long white hanging hair (“beard”) under chin of reindeer, caribou or moose

tiŋi- (i) to take flight, fly away; to take off (of a medium for flight)

tigrI- (t) to frighten it=bird into flight | =rI- vv

tiksIq- (i) to drift in a boat | perhaps +sIq4- vv

tiksiqsit- (t) to let her/him/it drift in a boat | perhaps +[t]sIq- vv [pic]tit- vv

tiksrI- or tigrI- (t) to frighten it=bird into flight | ~srI-3 vv or ~rI-4 vv

tiktaq someone carried out to sea on an icefloe, something swept out to sea | perhaps -t-1 vv :aq-4 vn

tiktau- (i) to be carried out to sea on floating ice or in drifting boat | perhaps +t-1 vv :aq-4 vn :u-2 nv

tiŋilġaI- (i) to travel with use of a sail | -lġaq- vv perhaps -I-1 vv

tiŋilġannaaq- (i) to sail with a favorable wind | -lġaq- vv -nnaaq- vv

tiŋilġautaq or tiŋilġaun a sail | -lġaq- vv -utaq1 vn or :un vn

tiŋilġautaqtuqtuaq sailboat | -lġaq- vv -utaq1 vn +tuq-3 vv +t/ruaq2 (part 3s)

tiŋilġautchIq- (i) to put up a sail; (t) to put a sail on it | -lġaq- vv -utaq1 vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

tiŋiqqammiaq recently fledged ??

tiŋiqqammialaaq fledgling | [pic]qqammIq- vv –aq4 vn -laaq3 nn

tiŋit- to be blown away, caused to drift away | +t-1 vv

tiŋmI- (i) to be in flight, be flying | ~mmI-6 vv

tiŋmiaġruk or tiŋmiaġruuraq small bird | ~mmI-6 vv +aq4 vn -ġruk nn or :uraq(-) nn

tiŋmiaġruum kirgavia pigeon hawk (Falco columbarius)

tiŋmialugruaq (Ti) little bird with long beak (usu seen in fall) | ~mmI-6 vv +aq4 vn -lugruaq nn

tiŋmiaq medium-sized bird; bird of prey, e.g. gull, hawk, jaeger, duck | ~mmI-6 vv +aq4 vn

tiŋmiaqpak American golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) | ~mmI-6 vv +aq4 vn

tiŋmiaqpauraq wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) | ~mmI-6 +aq4 vn

tiŋmiġala- (i) to fly in every direction | ~mmI-6 vv +ġak- vv -la- vv

Tiŋmirrat Tatqiat [lit ‘month of birds’] month of April

tiŋmiukaktaq- (i) to fly over something and land on the other side, as a sled going over a ditch or bump | ~mmI-6 vv -u-4 vv +kaktaq- vv

TiŋŋivIk [lit ‘time to take flight’] month of August | ‘vIk1 vn

tiŋŋulliq- (t) to fly quickly away taking her/him/it | ‘-ti-2 vv ~liq-2 vv

tiŋŋun airplane | ‘-ti2 vn

tiŋŋut- or tiŋŋuti- (t) to fly away taking her/him/it | ‘-t- vv or ‘-ti-2 vv

tiŋuk liver; egg yolk

tiŋugaq liver and tendons stuffed in caribou stomach and aged | +[ġ]aq5 nn

tiŋukpalaaq color brown | +palaaq nn

tiŋuŋnaq (Nu) brown color | +naq3 nn

tiŋŋiq- (i) to be full to bursting, stuffed full

tiŋŋiqsI- (i) to be stuffed from eating; (t) to stuff it full | +sI-1 vv

tipi odor

tipaaq- (i) to stink | perhaps -aq-8 nv

tipaaqpak (Ti) block of tobacco (chopped up for pipe tobacco) | perhaps -aq6 nn +qpak nn

tipaIq- (i) to become odorless | :Iq-2 nv

tipaiyaun deodorizer, deodorant | :Iyaq- nv -un1 vn

tipayyaaq(-) meat which has been aged slightly and then cooked; (i) to become slightly aged (of meat) | +yyaaq(-) nn

tipigIk- (i) to smell good, have good odor | +[g]Ik- nv

tipigiksaun room deodorizer | +[g]Ik- nv [pic]saq-3 vv -un1 vn

tipigluk(-) strong unpleasant odor; (i) to have strong unpleasant odor | -gluk(-) nv, nn

tipitu- (i) to have a strong odor | +tu- nv

tippak- (i) to develop a strong odor | ‘-k-2 nv

tippaqtu- (Nu) (i) to stink | ‘-qtu- nv

tivlIq- (i) to become aged and smelly (of meat) | ~lIq-3 nv

tivraġIk- (i) to smell good, delicious | perhaps +raq1 nn +[g]Ik- nv

tivraġiksaun incense, perfume | +raq1 nn +[g]Ik- nv [pic]saq-3 vv -un1 vn

tivraġluk- (i) to be too bitter to eat (of meat) | +raq1 nn -ġluk(-) nv

tipi- (t) to be washed ashore

tipisaġniq(-) shoreward current; (i) to flow toward shore (of ocean current) | [pic]saq-3 vv +nIQ3 vv

tivrak- (i) to find something drifted ashore | ~raq1 nn ‘-k-1 nv

tivraq driftwood; something drifted ashore | ~raq1 nn

tivrI- (Ti) (i) to find something washed up on the beach | -vrI- vv

>tipisia- (i) to fight to breathe ? § rel. tipsullIq- under tivit- § rel. ipisia-, aniqsaallaIq-

tippik lengthwise rib of kayak frame

tippIQ pieces of bent (usu willow) wood across width of kayak, frame, rib of kayak frame

tipsullIq- (Nu) or tuvsullIq- (i) to hiccough; to get something stuck in one’s throat § rel. tivit-, tupit-, igusiġaq-

tipuk whitefish (Leucichthys autumnalis)

*tiqitu (root)

tiqituġaq young caribou | +[ġ]aq3 rn § rel. tuttu

tiqituġaurat or tiqittut herd of cows and calves | +[g]aq3 rn :uraq nn -t (pl mkr) or -t (pl mkr)

tiqqala- to be flying around, blowing around in the air [?] | -la- vv § rel. tiŋmiġala-

tira- (t) to cut it=usu. fish into strips across the width for drying ; to make an incision in her/him/it=body part for bloodletting @ tirasI-

tirraġiigraq (Ti) underside of whale behind jaw | ‘-Q4 vn ? +IIq nn -ksraq(-) nn

tirraġiiq (Ti) fresh cooked maktak; (as excl) when they pull up a whale ?? | ‘-Q4 vn ?+IIq nn

tirraq narrow sandbar | ‘-Q4 vn § rel. tapqaq

tiriq- (i) to make the sound of rubbing against something once; to gnash

tiriiqila- (i) to keep creaking (of floor) | -q-1 vv -la- vv

tiriqsruq- (i) to make a rubbing sound (over a period of time); to make a whistling sound | [pic]qsruq-2 vv

tiriqtaq- or tiriqtitaq- (i) to squeak; to gnash one’s teeth | +t/raq-1 vv or [pic]titaq-1 vv

>tiritchiq monstrous mythical reptile with four (or six) short legs, with alligator-like tail, rocky scaled skin, long neck and small head

tirruksI- (i) to experience anxiety from imagining possible predicaments | +sI-1 vv

titiq(-) a mark or dot; (i) to be now marked with a dot or a line; (t) to mark it with a dot or a line, to cut a notch in it, to mark it to indicate where one is to cut, carve @ titiqsI-

titiġaq one month of a calendar; mark, scratch mark | +aq4 nv

titiġniQ a mark or a line | +niQ1 vn

titiqqat calendar | +aq4 vn ‘-t (pl mkr)

titiqtuġniQ groove carved in wood | +tuq-2 +niQ1 vn

titiqtuq- (t) to carve a notch or groove in it, to put scratch marks on it @ titiqtuI- | +tuq-2 vv

titiqtuun (Nu) ruler; (Ti) a marker § rel. uuktuun, miŋuaqtuun | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

titquti- (Itta ) tainna qiruuramik titqutillaavlugu.

tittaq something that has been marked; a dot; a line | ‘- Q4 vn

titqiaq(-) or tatqiaq visor of cap; (Nu) (i) to shade one’s eyes; (t) to shade them=one’s eyes § see tatqIq

tittaalIq burbot, mudshark; ling cod (Lota lota)

Tittaaliurat [lit. “small burbots” where there are usually a lot of burbot] place name| :uraq1 nn -t (pl. mkr)

tivit- (i) to choke on something § rel. tupit-, tuvsullIq-, uliqtitchI-

tivrusIq- or tivrutchIq- (i) to have something lodged in one’s throat | =Iq-1 nv ‘=Iq-1 nv

tivrutaq something lodged in one’s throat | :rutaq vn

tivlI bit of food near the mouth

tivliiyaq- (i) to wipe one’s mouth; (t) to wipe her/his mouth | :Iyaq- nv

tivliiyaun napkin | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

tivlil,I- (i) to get a bit of food near one’s mouth | -lI-2 nv

tivlI- (i) to sew on the body of the boot § see timi

tivluk- (i) to stink, smell bad § see tipi cf. tipaaq-

tivri- (Ti) (i) to find something washed up on the beach § see tipi-

*tivsI (root) mirth, humorous

tivsitchaI- (t) to make her/him burst out laughing | -tchak- vv -I-8 vv

tivsitchak- (i) to burst into uncontrollable laughter | -tchak- vv

tivsigi- or (Nu) tipsigi- (t) to find her/him/it so humorous that one has to laugh just looking at her/him/it; to laugh at, mock her/him/it | +[g]i-1 rv

tivsiñaq- (i) to be humorous (of a person) | +naq-1 vv

tivsitchak- (i) to burst out laughing at something; (t) to make her/him burst out laughing

tivvuk- to spit (it) out

tivvuaq(-) saliva, mucus; to spit (it) out; (t) to spit on her/him/it | -aq4 vn -q-5 nv

*tua (root)

tuaksruIt- (i) to be very calm and quiet | perhaps -ksruk rv :It-1 nv

tuavit- (i) to cheer, whoop it up at a celebration | -vit- rv

tuaġil,aaq- (t) to strike and kill it=whale with one blow, usually in a sensitive spot just behind head @ tuaġil,aaqsI-

tuapak coarse gravel § rel. qavia, maġġaQ

tuapauraq slightly less coarse gravel | :uraq1 nn

*tug1 (root) hidden, out of sight

tugluaq-or tugluaqsima- (t) to protect, keep her/him/it from harm | +luaq-1 rv or +luaq- rv +sima-2 vv

tugvaq- (i) to be now put away; (t) to put it behind, away; (i) to come all the way inside to the back of the house @ tugvaI- | +vaq- rv

tuggaq- (t) to prod, poke, push her/him/it away or off with a pole or stick § see tuguq(-)

tuggautaq (Nu, Ti) large flensing knife for butchering whale, cutting sod § rel. aġviuġun see tuguq(-)

tuggayuk wasp; hornet; yellow jacket (insect) § see tuguq(-)

tugguq- (Ti) to chop ice with an ice chisel § see tuguq(-)

tugrut- (t) to lash, secure it with rope @ tugrutchI- | rel tuut-

tugrun rope with which skin covering is lashed to boat frame | ‘-ti1 vn

tuglI1 braided hair

tugliġun barrette, hairclip | -ġun nn

tuglil,iqsuq- (i) to braid one’s hair; (t) to braid her/his/its hair | -lIq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv

tuglI2 one in the next position | perhaps +lIq6 rn

tugliġiit vowel pairs or dipthongs | +lIq6 rn +[g]iik nn

tugliqsruuti- (i) to be in the position of being second, e.g. to be behind the runner who is in first place

*tug2 (root)

tugnaaq, tuŋnaaq connecting strip between body and sole of boots, made of caribou or seal leather | +naaq3 rn

tugrun (Ti) bearded seal skin line used for lashing skin covering to boat frame | +run1 rn

>tuI or tuiqqak shoulder | perhaps -qak nn, vn

tukiq- (i) to hatch (of a bird); to extend one’s legs; (t) to push, kick her/him/it with bottom of one’s foot

tukalignaq miquun treadle sewing machine | -lik-2 vv +naq2 vn

tukala- to kick one’s legs (at her/him/it) | -la-4 vv

tukalauraq- or (Ti) tukalik- (i) to kick one’s legs | -la-4 vv :uraq-2 vv or -lik-2 vv

tukiġnik- (i) to kick someone with the bottom of one’s foot | +nnik- vv

tukiqtuun (Nu) boom of sailboat | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn § rel. qauqqiñ

tukkaq- to push (her/him/it) with one’s feet, repeatedly | ‘-q-1 nv

tukku- (i) to stay as a guest

tukkIq- (t) to provide her/him with a place to stay | ‘=Iq- 1 vv

tukkuġIk- (i) to feel comfortable and well taken care of (of a guest) | ‘-Q4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

tukkuIq- (i) to become an outcast, lose one’s home | ‘-Q4 :Iq-2 nv

tukkuIt- (i) to be an outcast, have nowhere to live | ‘-Q4 vn :It-1 nv

tukkumavIk hotel room, apartment | +ma- vv +vIk1 vn

>tukku(Q) host | ‘-Q4 vn

tukkunaq- (Ti) (i) to be tender meat (of a female whale, with strip of tender blubber between maktak and meat)

tukkuun bottom part of wolverine neck fur

tuksIq- (t) to beg of her/him

tuksiaq- (i) to plead that something happen; to beg in prayer | -aq-1 vv

tuksruk- (i) to be crushed, crumpled; (t) to crush, crumple it

tuktaq a slab of walrus skin (with meat and blubber still attached) folded and sewn together, often left outside to ferment, then cached in underground meat cellar for winter use; (Ti) bearded seal meat and blubber tied in a bale for storage | +t/raq4 rn

tulak- (i) to reach shore, come ashore

tulagiaq or tulagvIk landing place for a boat | +iaq2 vn or +vIk1 vn

tulapqaułłIk- (i) to just barely reach shore, when almost prevented | -pqaułłik- vv

>tulaut- or tulauti- (t) to bring her/him/it ashore @ tulaurri- | -ut-2 vv or :uti-2 vv

tullaqi- (t) to come ashore for her/him/it | ‘-qi- vv

tulimaraq rib, vertical wood support in side of a boat frame; rainbow

tulimaq, tulimmaq rainbow § rel. kinnaum nigaŋa, kinnaq niggiqsuq

>tullignaq ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres)

tullik (Nu) American golden plover (Pluvialis dominica) § see tuullik

tullisugruk or tullivak (Nu) black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola) | -sugruk(-) nn or –vak1 nn

tulugaq raven (Corvus corax); crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) § rel. tuluq-

tulugaaq- (Nu) (i) to make a cry like the raven’s, to tell others one has sighted caribou (short call for few, long call for many) | -q-2 nv

tulugaġnaq bank swallow (Riparia riparia); cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) | +naq3 nn

tulugaġnauraq tree swallow (Iridoprocne bicolor) | +naq3 nn :uraq(-) nn, vv

tulugaayaaq, (Nu, Ti) tulukkaaq young raven | -ayaaq nn ‘-aq6 nn

tulukkam asiaŋa (Nu) any berry of various types, considered inedible for humans, e.g. juniper berry, soapberry, highbush cranberry

tulukkam nauligaaŋa [lit raven’s spear] parasitic plant on alder roots (Boschniakia rossica)

tulukkatun ittuq or >tulukkam ittuq rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus)

tulugauraq striped wolverine ruff, second strip from back of wolverine

tuluġiaq canine tooth | +Iraq3 nn

tuluġirrak canine teeth | +Iraq3 nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

tuluq- (t) to butt, hit her/him/it with head or tusk; to attack her/him/it (of a bird); to reach it=shore (of ice, boat, etc.)

tuluaġaq- (i) to dive toward someone or something (of bird) or plane; (t) to dive toward her/him/it (of bird or plane) / tuluaġaqtuq qayyanun it is diving at the kayaks | -aġaq- vv

tumanŋu- (i) to feel one’s food has not gone down completely and one needs to wash it down | -nŋu-2 vv § see tivrutaq

tumanŋuiyaq- (i) to wash food down one’s throat with liquid | -nŋu-2 vv :Iyaq- vv

tumaq- (i) to heal (of broken bone); (t) to repair it § rel. mamit-

tumaqsruq- (t) to fit it together, repair it @ tumaqsruI- | [pic]qsruq-2 vv

tumi track, trail, footprint

tumitchiat trail, path, track | -tchiaq(-)1 nn -t (pl mkr)

tuvlI- (i) to make tracks; to break trail | ~lI-1 nv

tuvliġaq- (i) to leave footprints; (t) to leave footprints on it=surface | ~lI-1 nv +[ġ]aq-7 vv

tuvlisaun (Nu) gland below caribou’s toes whose print is visible only when animal is scared and toes are spread | ~lI-1 nv [pic]saq-3 vv :un1 vn

tuvraaksrat guidelines, plan of action | ~raq-4 vv -aq4 vn -ksraq(-) nn -t (pl mkr) § rel. piraksriun

tuvraq- (t) to follow, track her/him/it; to imitate, copy her/him/it; to follow it=pattern; (i) to copy something; to imitate someone or something; (t) to resemble her/him in character | ~raq-4 vv

tuvsI- (i) to find footprints, tracks; (t) to find her/his/its tracks, footprints | ~sI-4 nv

tumiŋŋuaq (Ti) diamond (at cards)

tumitchauraq three (at cards)

tummak (Nu) palm of hand § see utummak

tummaq- (Ti) to walk on, step on (her/him/it) § see tunmaq(-)

tummiġaun (Ti) step ladder | +aq4 vn :un1 § rel. mayuġauttat, tugmiġautat

>tungaum asiaŋa nagoonberry (Rubus arcticus) ?

tunI- (i) to be now sold; (t) to sell it @ tunisI- or tunirI-

tuniuqqaq- (t) to sell them @ tuniuqqaI- | -uqqaq- vv

tunnisaq something offered for sale [?] | ‘-saq5 vn

tunigi- (Ti) (t) to go directly to her/him/it | +[g]i-1 rv

tuniq1 (Nu) thick webbing joined to snowshoe frame

tuniksraq (Nu) wide leather thong for snowshoe webbing | -ksraq nn

tunnIq- (Nu) (t) to join webbing to it=snowshoe @ tuniqsI- | ‘=Iq-1 nv

tuniqtaq soapstone; stone lamps

*tuniq2 (root) endurance, fortitude

tuniqtu- (i) to be emotionally stable, enduring; to be solid | +tu rv

tuninŋuq- (i) to become tired of lying on a hard surface or of walking on hard ground | -nŋuq- rv | syn tunŋanŋuliq-

tuniqsima- (i) to be faithful, enduring; be hard to persuade | +sima-2 vv

tunmiġaq (Ti) first share from whale’s rear ventral flanks (uatit), which the captain distributes to the villagers

tunmiġaq2 a step (stairs)

tunu back, rear part of human body; back area

tunnuQ back fat of caribou or moose | ‘-Q nn

tunuallak- or tunuił,ł,ak- (i) to fall backward, slip and fall on one’s buttocks § rel. niviġiaq-

>tunuiġun ?? slough?? § rel. ikkalġuq ?

tunuil,l,ak- (Ti) (i) to fall backward | perhaps =il,l,ak- nv

tunuiyaq- to be cold (of one’s back) | :Iyaq- nv

tunullil,Iq- (t) to support, back her/him up | +llIq nn -lIq-1 nv

tununmuk- (t) to position it with the back facing, with the back as front | +nmuk- nv

tununmun (adv) with the back facing, with the back as front | +nmun >(term)

tununmuŋa- (i) to be facing with the back in front; (t) to be positioned with one’s back to her/him/it | +nmun >(term) ‘-k- nv (ŋa- vv

tunuqsruq- (i) to keep one’s back turned | +qsruq-1 nv

>tunusitchat anatomical part by niġukkaq ?

tunusuk rounded area at back of head, occiput; nape of neck | +suk2 nn

tunut- (i) to turn to face the opposite way, to turn one’s back; (t) to turn one’s back to her/him/it | -t-2 nv

tunuvaq- (i) to back up, go to the rear | -vaq- nv

tunuunagun (Nu) harness webbing which goes down dog’s back | perhaps +uuna (dem via) +gun >(via)

>tunusisaq hard covering of small stomach of caribou

tuavit- (i) to cheer, whoop it up at a celebration; to have a wild noisy party | +vit vv

tunuunaġun slough

tuŋautqutaq- (t) to keep missing, not simulating it=dialect correctly | -tqut- nv -taq-1 nv

*tuŋi (root)

tuŋaaġi- (t) to travel toward her/him/it | +aq4 vn +[g]i-1 nv

tuŋiġuġnaq- (i) to be approachable | +[ġ]uq-1 rv +naq-1 vv

tuŋiġuq- (t) to come near, pass close to her/him/it | +[ġ]uq-1 rv § rel. saniġatqut-

*tuŋiun (root)

tuŋiusiuq- (i) to prepare a bed; (t) to prepare, make her/his bed | ~Iuq-1 nv

tuŋiutit bed, bedding, orig. sleeping skins | -t (pl mkr) § rel. tuttaat under tuttaaq-

tuŋnaaq connecting strip between body and sole of boots, made of caribou or seal leather | +naaq3 rn § see *tug

tuŋuq- (i) to be blue (from overwork or being cold); to be blue (of a bruise) | cf. suŋauraaq-, uŋuraġaaq-

tuŋuaqtaaq something purple | -aq-1 vv +t/raaq2 vn

tuŋiqsI- to become blue in the face | +sI-1 vv

tuŋuqtaaq something purple; color purple | +t/raaq2 vn

tupak- (i) to be surprised, startled, become fully awake

tupaaq- (t) to cause her/him/it to wake up frequently, to keep her/him/it awake with noise; to awaken her/him/it accidently by making noise | tupaaġnik- [tuppaaqłIq- might be a better detransitivizer] | -aq-1 vv

tupaI- (t) to startle her/him/it | -I-8 vv

tupaummI- (i) to be in a state of shock, surprise | -u-4 vv +mmI-6 vv

>tupakaq- ?

tupi(-) small tattoo, facial tattoo line; (t) to tattoo her/him § rel. kakI-

tupiniQ tattoo | +niQ1 vn

tupiQ(-), dual tuppak, pl tupqich tent; to raise, set up a tent for (her/him/it)

tupiqtuq- (i) to live in a tent | +tuq-3 nv

tupiqtuun or tupqutaq (Nu) lengthwise roof beam of tent, ridge beam of tent | +tuq-3 nv :un1 vn or :utaq1 vn

tuppI- to make a tent (for her/him/it) | ‘=I-1 nv

tuppiraq- (i) to travel carrying a tent | ‘=Iraq- nv

tuppiuq- (i) to make a tent; set up a tent; (t) to make a tent for her/him/it; to set up a tent for her/him/it | ‘=Iuq-1 nv

TupqIt (Nu) a constellation (the four stars of the ladle of the dipper said to be four tents to which three hunters on foot are running) [lit “tents”] / tuviġġat airut tupiġnun = the three hunters (stars) are said to go home to the houses | :It (pl mkr) § rel. Tuttuġruk, Tuvaat

tupqiyaq- (i) to take a tent down and pack it; (t) to take a tent down for her/him/it; to have one’s tent blown down, wrecked, as if by storm | :Iyaq- nv

tupqutat tent poles | :utaq1 vn -t (pl mkr)

tupit-1 (i) to have food stuck in one’s throat | syn tivit-

*tupit2 (root) apprehension, uneasiness, spookiness

tupinŋa- (i) to be tense, apprehensive, jumpy | (ŋa- vv

tupinŋasI- or tupinŋatchak- (i) to become apprehensive or jumpy | (ŋa- vv +sI-1 vv

tupitkaq amulet or charm worn on body or clothing [Rainey 1947, p272 ‘All men who hunted on the ice wore their tupitqaq (charms or fetishes, such as an animal tail, or nose skin, beads, etc... attached to their clothng.) ] | perhaps +kaq2 nn § rel. aanġuaq

tupquraak hyoid bones; two bones near larynx § rel. ikauraak

tupquraanŋulIq- (i) to be unable to say anything because one is deeply affected by circumstances which move one to deep emotion | -nŋu-1 nv -lIq-3 vv

tuqłuk windpipe, trachea

tuqłuq- (t) to call her/him directly by name or kinship term

tuqłuġaq- to repeatedly call outside (as from inside a tent), or call outside (as from inside a tent) to (her/him=unseen person) to identity herself/himself | +aq-1 vv

tuqłuaq spyglass, telescope; drinking straw | -aq6 nn

tuqłuaġaq- (i) to look through a spyglass; (t) to look through a spyglass at her/him/it / tuqłuaġaqtuq qayaqtuqtuanun she is looking at the kayakers through a spyglass | -aq8 nn +aq-1 vv

tuqpallak- (i) to experience a jolt or shock, either physical or emotional

tuqsruġmiutaq gray stain (made from stone) used in woodwork ?

tuksruk storm hallway

tuqsruuk narrow part of sod house entrance, hallway | perhaps -k (dual mkr)

tuqu- (i) to die

tuqqun death; cause of death, e.g. an organ which malfunctions / tuqqutaa il,itchuġiŋil,l,akkaat they never did learn the cause of his death | ‘-ti1 vn

tuqquti- (t) to die without accomplishing something; to die in her/his stead | ‘-ti-2 vv

tuqqutigi- (t) to die from it | ‘-ti1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

tuqua spot on body where something can be fatally wounded; death (in certain expressions) | :a (poss abs 3s-s)

tuquanŋu- (i) to feel faint | :a (poss abs 3s-s) +nŋu- nv

tuquanŋuq- (t) to stun, stupify her/him/it | :a (poss abs 3s-s) +nŋuq- nv

tuquġaq- (i) to die in mass, in large numbers; (t) to kill many of them | +ġaq- vv

tuquliŋa- (i) to wilt (of plants) | -lI-2 vv (ŋa- vv

tuquliŋaruaq dead plant, grass | -lI-2 vv (ŋa- vv +t/ruaq2 vn

tuqunaq(-) poison; (i) to be poisonous; (t) to poison her/him/it | +naq2 vn

tuquŋaraq dead animal, person | (ŋa- vv +t/raq4 vn

tuquŋarraq- (i) to find an animal carcass | (ŋa- vv +t/raq4 vn ‘-q-5 nv

tuquŋarrI- (i) to be stillborn; (t) to give birth to it=stillborn child | (ŋa- vv +t/raq4 vn ‘=I-1 nv

>tuquŋarriaq a stillbirth | (ŋa- vv +t/raq4 vn ‘=I-1 vn

tuqusaq- (t) to make sure a wounded animal is killed | [pic]saq-3 vv

tuqusia- or tuqusiala- (i) to be dying, be in death throes; to feel faint | +sia- vv or +sia- vv -la- vv

tuqut- (t) to kill her/him/it @ tuqutchI- | -t-1 vv

tuqutaq murdered victum; someone or something which has been killed | [pic]taq4 vn

tuquġaq (Nu) cutting edge of blade § rel. kiiñaq

tuqutchigayuk- (i) to be good at killing; to kill frequently | -t-1 vv +sI-3 vv -gayuk- vv

tuquvsitchak- (i) to become deathly afraid, apprehensive; to feel a delayed shock to almost being killed; (t) to cause her/him to become deathly afraid, apprehensive | -vsI-2 vv -tchak- vv

turġu- (i) to be thick (of fur or hair)

turraaturaq Pacific godwit; bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica)

turviatchiaq solid ground § see tut-

turvik bleached seal or caribou skin backing used to stiffen a woman’s sunburst parka ruff “isiġvikpagaaq” § see tut-

*tusaq (root) sound

tusaa- to hear (her/him/it) | -a-2 vv

tusaalaIt- (i) to be deaf; (t) to not be able to hear her/him/it | -a-2 vv -laIt- vv

tusaammati- (i) to be in communication with each other | -a-2 vv -mmati- vv

tusaanġaiqi- (i) to hear and want to hear more

tusaaniġluk- to hear bad news (about her/him/it) | -a-2 vv -niġluk(-)vnv

tusaarraġIIt- or tusarraġIIt- (i) to be hard of hearing, be partially deaf | -rraq1 vn +[g]Ik- nv :It- vv

tusaaruuraaq- to imagine hearing (her/him) say what (she/he) usually, customarily says | -ruuraaq- vv

tusaayugaaġiksuaq gospel; that which is good news | -yugaaq- vn +[g]Ik- nv +tuaq (part)

tusaayugaaq- to receive news, information about (her/him/it) | -yugaaq(-) vv, vn

tusaggan outer part of ear, something used for hearing | -‘n1 vn

tusaġnaq- (i) to be audible, can be heard; (t) to be able to hear her/him/it / tusaġnaqtuq qikiġġaqpaluak the sound of snow crunching under theird footsteps is audible | +naq-1 rv

tusaqłiġaq- (t) to complain or make an offensive remark about her/him with the intention of letting her/him overhear or know @ tusaqłiġaI- | +łIq- rv, nv +[ġ]aq-7 vv

tusaqłiġaun an offensive remark intended to be heard by the person being offended | +łIq- rv, nv +[ġ]aq-7 vv :un1 vn

tusaqsiuġniQ public hearing | +siuq- nv +niQ1 vn

tusaqsraġi- (t) to be able to hear her/him/it | perhaps +qsraq2 vn +[g]i-1 nv

tusarraġIIt- (i) to be hard of hearing, be partially deaf | -rraq1 vn +[g]Ik- nv :It-1 vv

tusil,l,aq- (i) to become deaf | +Il,l,aq- vv

tutchaġIk- (i) to be cause for good news | ‘-Q4 rn +[g]Ik nv

tutchaġiksI- (i) to be doing well (of a sick person) | ‘-Q4 rn +[g]Ik nv +sI-1 vv

tutchaġluk- (i) to hear bad news | ‘-Q4 rn nv '-ġluk(-) nv

tutchaQ oral account, news; an ace (in cards) | ‘-Q4 vn

*tusiQ- (root) limping

tusiat- (i) to limp | perhaps –a-2 vv perhaps +t-2 rv

tusialluk or tusiqhuk lame person or animal | -luk(-)4 vn or -qhuk- vv

tusiqhuktaq- or tusiapiktaq- (i) to limp | syn tuyyapiktaq- | ? -qhuk(-) vv +t/raq-1 vv or -piktaq- vv

tusu- to be envious of (her/him)

tusunaq- (i) to be desirable, cause envy | +naq-1 vv

tutchun envy, jealousy, covetousness | ‘-n1 vn

tut- (i) to touch ground, bottom; to land on one’s feet; to lie down; (t) to cause her/him/it to touch ground

tunŋa- (i) to be based on the facts; to be resting firmly on something; (t) to be pertinent to her/him/it; to be resting firmly on her/him/it | (ŋa- vv

tunŋaraq skin used for mattress (with fur downward); pad, mat, rug | (ŋa- vv +t/raq4 vn

turviatchiaq solid ground | +vIk1 vn -atchiaq2 nn

tuti- to step, tread on (her/him/it)

tunmaluk- or tuŋmaluk- to step all over (it) | ~maq-1 vv -luk-3 vv

tunmaq- or tuŋmaq- (t) to step upon, tread on her/him/it repeatedly | ~maq-1 vv

tunmavIk or tunmiġaq rug, carpet | ~ma-1 vv +vIk1 vn

tunmiġautat or tuŋmiġauttat ladder | +mmIq-1 vv +[ġ]aq1 vn -utaq1 nn

tunmiġaq or tutipqIq or tuŋmiġaq stepstool; rug; rung of a ladder, stair step | +mmIq-1 vv +[ġ]aq1 vn or ?-pqIq vn

tunmiqqat or tutipqich or tuŋmiqqat stairs, steps in entry or exit hole of sod house | +mmIq-1 vv +[ġ]aq1 vn ‘-t (pl mkr)

tutigiññaaq(-) light slip-on footwear; (t) to wear light slip-on footwear | -giññaaq vn

tutiġiq stoop, the step outside door of house | +ġIq vn

tutipqiq (Ti) a step at house entrance, orig. a whale vertebra | ?-pqIq vn § rel. tunmiġaq

tutchaQ ace (at cards) § see *tusaq (root)

tutik or tutaaluk grandchild, grandnephew, or grandniece / >tutkiñ tikisimava did your grandchild arrive; >tutka tikiñŋaitchuqsuli my grandchild still has not arrived | -aluk nn § rel. iñġutaq, il,ulik

tutaaluk grandchild; >great-nephew or great-niece § rel. iñġutaq

tutigiik grandparent and grandchild | +[g]iik nn

tutitchauraq youngest grandchild | -tchauraq nn

tutitchiaq (Nu) tutiłaaq grandchild | -tchiaq nn, -łaaq nn

tutitchiatqiun, (Ti) tutitqiun great-grandchild | -tchiaq nn -tqIk-2 nv :un1 vn –tqIk2- nv :un1 vn | syn amau

tutqaaq- or tutqaasuk- (i) to feel bad, sorry, ill at ease about something one has done or something which others with direct ties to him has done; (i) to feel bad that one is not able repay a favor, pay for a service | -suk-3 vv

tutqaagi- (t) to be concerned and ashamed for what she/he/it is doing, usually to the disadvantage of others; (Ti) (t) to be concerned about taking thing, work, favors from her/him without proper compensation | +[g]i-1 vv

tutqaanaq- (i) to cause feelings of concern and shame by acting immature, inhospitable, inconsiderate | -naq- vv

tutqaasaaq- (t) to try to make her/him feel uncomfortable, sorry about what she/he has done | -saaq-2 vv

tutqaatchaI- (t) to cause her/him to feel ill at ease, uncomfortable | -tchak- vv -I-6 vv

tutqaatchak- (i) to start feeling ill at ease, sorry, remorseful | -tchak- vv

tutqaatu- or tutqaaq- (i) to be careful to repay favors, pay for services, not accept things free | -tu- vv

tutqIk- (i) to be content, peaceful, at ease

tutqigñaq- (i) to be a good host, be comfortable to be with, be comforting | +naq-1 vv

tutqiksaq- (t) to make her/him comfortable; put her/him at ease, peace | +saq-3 vv

tutqiksI- (i) to become content, find peace of mind | +sI-1 vv

tutqiksit- (t) to make her/him comfortable, feel at home | [pic]tit-1 vv

tutqiun peace, contentment | :un1 vn

tutquq- (t) to put it away for future use @ tutquqsI- || +sI-3 vv

tutquqsivIk storgage place; by extension, savings bank | +sI-3 vv +vIk1 vn

tutquqtuq- (t) to put them away for safe keeping @ tutquqtuI- | +tuq-2 vv

tutquqtuI- (t) to put her/his things away for safe keeping | +tuq-2 vv -I-7 vv

tuttaaq- (i) to go to bed § rel. iññaq-

tuttaat bed, bedding | -t (pl mkr)

tuttu caribou (Rangifer arcticus)

tuttuġaurat a few caribou | -gaq8 nn :uraq1 nn -t (pl mkr)

tuttuġaaġruit or tuttusalait herd of caribou | -ġaaġruk nn :It (pl mkr) or -salak nn :It (pl mkr) § rel. kanŋut under kanŋuq-

tuttuġaviñiq rawhide caribou thong, as for snowshoe | +[ġ]aq2 nn -viñiQ nn

tuttuġluayaaq (Ti) corned beef | +ġluk(-) nn -ayaaq nn

tuttuġluk (Ti) pig; pork, bacon | +ġluk(-) nn

tuttuligaak a pair of boots with caribou fur soles | -lik1 nn +aaq3 nn

tuttullak a pair of boots with soft caribou soles [what is the difference between tuttuligaak and tuttullak?] | -lik nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

tuttunniaq- (i) to hunt caribou | -t- nv +niaq- vv

tuttuqłuk pig | -qłuk nn § rel. kuniaq

tuttuqpak horse | +qpak(-)nn

tuttut- (i) to kill a caribou

Tuttut Amiiqsiviat or AmiiqsivIk (Nu) September

tuttutchiaq (Nu) summer caribou skin | -tchiaq nn

tuttuvak moose (Alces alces) | -vak1 nn

Tuttuġruk a constellation (so named because the handle of Big Dipper resembles a single caribou horn extending from the head or ladle of the dipper; constellations TupqIt and Tuvaat are contained in this constellation)

tuttuuraq breast of bird

tuttuuraq- (i) to crouch down to hide from prey (of hunter)

tuttuuraŋa- (i) to be in a crouching position; to have a curvature of the spine | (ŋa- vv

tuugauraq jib sail

tuullik, (Nu) tuutlik golden plover (Pluvialis dominica); yellow billed loon (Gavia adamsii) § rel. tullik

tuullikpak black-belled plover (Squatarola squatarola) | +qpak(-) nn

tuummaq small container, e.g. for tobacco § rel. suummak, ikł,iġvIk

tuunġaq(-) shaman’s helping spirit; devil; (t) to frighten her/him by pretending to be a devil

tuunġaqtalik shaman supplied with a helping spirit, demon, or evil spirit | [pic]talik nn

>tuunġauraq an Iñupiaq game [need more information]

tuunġauraqsaaġaq(-) whirlwind (usu moving across water); to become darkened and windblown (caused by a whirlwind), of waters

tuunġaaġruk surf scoter (Melanitta perspiccillata); (Nu) white-winged scoter (Melanitta deglandi)

tuunġaaġrupiaq common scoter (Oidemia nigra) | -piaq(-)3 nn

tuguq(-) ice chisel, ice pick; to work (it) with a chisel or ice pick

tugaq- to poke (her/him/it) with a stick

tuggaq- (t) to prod, poke, push her/him/it away or off with a pole or stick |

perhaps ‘=aq-1 vv

tuggayuk wasp, hornet, yellow jacket (insect) | ‘=aq-1 vv -yuk2 vn

tugguq- (Ti) to chop ice with an ice chisel | ‘-q-1 vv

tuugaaġmIk- also tuggauti- (i) to fight with tusks, of walrus or elephant; (t) to

repeatedly strike her/him/it with a tusk | +mIk-1 nv

tuugaraq walrus tusk; ivory; white of eye | tuugarrat paqisimarai he found the

walrus tusks | perhaps - gaq8 nn -aq6 nn

tuugarrak- (Ti) (i) to get walrus tusks | -gaq8 nn -aq6 nn ‘-k- nv

tuugarriqi- (i) to carve ivory | -gaq8 nn -aq6 nn ‘=Iqi-1 nv

tuugarriqun large rasp, file for use on ivory tusk | -gaq8 nn -aq6 nn ‘=Iqi-1 nv :un1 vn

tuuġniq dot | +niQ1 vn | syn titiq, tittaq

tuukkaq toggle head of harpoon or spear; detachable walrus harpoon head (usually

made of ivory, iron or brass) | perhaps -kkaq2 vn

tuuqtaksriaq a mark on the ice where a block is to be cut out with ice chisel | [pic]taq4 vn

-ksraq nn ‘=I-1 nv +aq4 vn

tuutaQ lip plug, labret; mole on face | perhaps +t/raq4 vn

tuutauraq button | :uraq(-) nn

tuutauraġvIk buttonhole | :uraq(-) nn, vv +vIk1 vn

tuut- (t) to lash skin cover to boat frame § rel. amiq(-)

tuurraq, (Nu) tuutraq ridgepole, lengthwise ceiling beam in house

tuurvik or (Ti) tuulvik horizontal pieces of wood perpendicular to the ribs=tulimaat to

which skins of umiaq are lashed; (Ti) inner “brace board” running length of the boat

frame inside the boat

tuusiuraq deuce (at cards) | :uraq(-) nn § rel. simmiun

tuutalluk igniqauqtuq Stellar’s eider (Polysticta stelleri)

tuuyuq downy woodpecker (Dendrocopus pubescens)

tuuyuqpak hairy woodpecker (Dendrocopus villosus); northern three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) | +qpak(-) vv, nn

tuvaQ(-) (Ti) tugaq landlocked ice; to come in to shore (of ice); (Ti) shore ice

tuvaaq pl tuviġġat, (Ti) tugaaq pl tugiġġat hunter; hunter on the ice, land / tuviġġat

qiñiġnaqsirut the hunters are now in sight | -aq6 nn

tuvaaqan companion, mate, partner; spouse | -qan vn § rel. uI, aŋunnuniq, il,aqan

Tuvaat or Tuviġġat constellation of three stars which make up the handle of

Tuvaatchiaq “Big Dipper” [lit “hunters”] | -t (pl mkr) § rel. TupqIch, Tuttuġruk

Tuvaatchiaq constellation Big Dipper (said to be three hunters on foot returning to

their tents)

tuvaiyaq- to break off inside lead (of land locked ice) | :Iyaq- nv

tuvaiyauti- (t) to carry her/him/it away (of ice) as it breaks free; to break free (of ice) to

her/his disadvantage (i.e. one cannot travel on ice now) | :Iyaq- nv :uti-2 vv

Tuvaurat or Tuviġġat constellation three stars of Orion’s belt | :uraq(-) nn -t (pl mkr)

>tuvaaq- to attract (it=caribou) by shouting; (t) to chase it=caribou in the direction one

wants, toward corral or hunters

>tuvaaqtuq- to chase caribou trying to drive them toward one (of hunter) ??? |

+tuq-2 vv

tuvlI- (i) to make tracks, break trail § see tumi

tuvliġaq- (i) to leave footprints in a soft surface § see tumi

tuvlisaun (Nu) gland below caribou’s toes whose print is visible only when animal is scared and toes are spread § see tumi

tuvraaksrat guidelines § see tumi

tuvraq- (t) to follow, track her/him/it; to imitate, copy her/him/it; to follow it=pattern; to resemble her/him in character § see tumi

tuvsI- (i) to find footprints, tracks; (t) to find her/his/its tracks, footprints § see tumi

tuvsullIq- (Nu) tipsullIq- (i) to get something stuck in one’s throat § see tivit- tupit-

tuyuq- (i) to send something, to write a letter; (t) to send her/him/it something, to write a letter to her/him/it

>tuyuġi- (t) to send her/him/it somewhere / tuyuġigaa paniñi aanaaŋigñun she send her daughter to her grandparents | +I-10 vv

tuyuġmI- (i) to be a guest | +mmI-6 vv

tuyuġmiu- (Nu) (i) to be an outsider, foreigner | +miu- vv

tuyuġmiaq a guest | +mmI-6 vv +aq4 vn

tuyuġmiaqsaq- (i) to invite someone to stay with one; (t) to invite her/him to stay as one’s guest in one’s home @ tuyuġmiaqsaI- | +mmI-6 vv +aq4 vn +saq-1 nv

tuyuun something sent / tuyuutit tammaqsimarai he lost the mail | :un1 nv +aq4 vn

tuyuusiaq something received through a courier or through the mail | :un1 vn ~I-1 nv +aq4 vn

tuyuusiaqaġvIk mailbox | :un1 vn ~I-1 nv +aq4 vn

tuyyapiktaq- (i) to limp | ?

U

*u-

*ua1 (root) southwesterly ?

ualI- (i) to be growing late (of the day); to be at the west (of sun) | -lI-2 rv

ualiñiQ the area toward southwestern | +liñiQ rn, vn

ualisaq- (i) to be setting (of sun) | -lI-2 rv +saq-2 vv

uallIQ southwestern most; west wall (of house in Barrow); (Ti) front room of house (nearest front door), living room | +llIQ rn

uanmun to the west; ?(Ti) to the east | +nmun r [NOTE: there needs to be a wind direction and when applicable an ocean current charts for each of the villages, because the directional terminology are determined by local conditions JMN]

uaŋnaaġruk, >(Nu) uaknaaġruk(-) severe dry cold, with strong southwesterly winds; (Nu) west wind; (Nu) (i) to blow (of light west wind) | -k-3 rv +naq4 vn -aġruk nn

uaŋnaġruk southwesterly wind | -ġruk nn

uaŋnaq, (Nu) uaknaq(-), (Nu) uaknaqpak- west wind; (Nu) (i) to blow (of west wind); (Ti) southeast ? | -k-3 rv +naq4 vn

uaŋniġluk- (Ti) (i) to blow from southeast, bringing rain and bad weather | -ġluk(-)

uaŋnIq- (i) to blow from west (of wind) | -k-3 rv +nIq-3 vv

*ua2 (root) exuberance

uamit- or (Ti) uamipiaq- (i) to dance Iñupiaq style accompanied by shouts (of a man); (Nu) (i) to dance Iñupiaq style (of woman or man) | +mit- rv or +mit- rv -piaq(-)2 vv, nn

uayuk- (i) to play loudly, make loud noises | -yuk-3 rv

>uaġi- (Nu) to fade, lose color § rel. ua2, uaq-

uałhun or (Nu) uaługuun sack to hold woman’s pipe; (Nu) skin bag for pipe | +łhun n

uan or uati (Ti) torso area below waist, i.e. hips and pelvis; hind part of any animal § rel. uŋati

uasiqi- (i) to haul the whale’s hind meat and maktak ashore (of crew) | ~Iqi-1 nv

uatit (Ti) sides of whale’s ventral surface toward the tail (taken by crew when its captain gets his first whale) | -t (pl mkr)

uattak- (Ti) (t) to give her/him the uatit share of whale | ‘-k-2 nv

uaq- (t) to cleanse, rinse it; to be washed away by the waves / taġium uaġai katitapayuvut aluat the ocean washed away the coal we painstakingly gathered

uaġniQ part of something which water has washed over; something washed out to sea | +niQ1 vn

uaġun rinse water | :un1 vn

uaqtiġun dish rag | (tiq-2 vv :un1 vn

uaqtiq- to wash dishes | (tiq-2 vv § rel. tilaktuq-

ugayulaq (Nu) whirlwind § rel. uyalunaq, uŋayulaq

ugiġñaq (Nu) sea lion ? (not on north coast)

ugIk- (i) to fight viciously (of dogs); (t) to maul, bite her/him/it, to fight her/him/it (of dog, bear, etc.)

ugialla- to snarl (at her/him/it) (of predators) | -ala- vv

ugianiraaq- (Nu) (i) to snarl (of dog) | -aq-1 vv ?-niraaq- vv

ugiaq- (i) to fight (of animals); (t) to maul her/him/it | -aq-1 vv

ugiayuk(-) any animal that is fierce and tends to maul others; (i) to be fierce (of an animal) | -aq-1 vv -yuk(-)1 vn

uggiqi- (i) to have a disposition to maul (of animals) | perhaps ‘=Iqi-3 vv

uggisigi- or uggisaġi- (t) to be overly concerned about it=trivial matter and overreact | ‘-ti-1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

ugiihiq baldpate; American widgeon (Mareca americana)

uglik- to shrink, decrease in size (of fabric or animal hide)

ugligaq elastic; something that shrinks; sweater | +[g]aq1 vn

uglikłuk- to wrinkle or crinkle (esp of hide) | -kłuk(-) vv

uglivit- (t) to turn it inside out

uglivitaq item turned inside out

uglu or ugluutit bird’s nest; perch on mast, “crow’s nest”

uglupak (Nu) today § see uvlupak

ugruk bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)

ugrugaq a young bearded seal (perhaps a year or two years old) | +[ġ]aq3 nn

ugrugaviñiq piece of dried bearded seal skin | +[ġ]aq3 nn -viñiQ nn

ugruligaak or ugrullak knee-high boots with a hard sole of bearded seal skin | -ligaaq nn (‘)-k (dual mkr) or -lik1 nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

ugriñġaq oil from rendered bearded seal blubber | ‘=Iñġaq nn

ugrukpalaq something varicolored (like caribou fur) | -palaq nn

ugruayaaq baby bearded seal

ugruŋnaq shrew (Sorex cinereus)

ugruuraq (Ti) cumulus cloud

uġġaq or uqhaq lead; tip of bullet

>uġiaq- (i) to spit something out from the mouth; (t) to force it out of one’s mouth with the tongue; (Ti) (t) to stop biting it, release it from one’s bite; (t) to spit it out

uġiaqtuġvIk spittoon | +tuq-2 vv +vIk1 vn

uġniksruq- (i) to hurry, do quickly; (t) to hurry her/him | ±qsruq-2 | syn qilamiqsruq-

uġġuk- to become damp with a grayish discoloration (of animal hide, clothes or stored food); to become covered with dew / uġġugniġai paniqtat taktuum the fog covered the dried meat with dew

uġġuksraaq(-) dew, moisture; (t) to it=skin to be dampened for conditioning during tanning | +qsraq2 vn -aq6 nn

uġġuu- (i) to be wet from dew | -u- vv

uġru sphagnum moss dried and used for a diaper liner

uġruq moss from swampy ground used for dog food | perhaps +ruq1 vn § rel. misuqupak

uġuliaq- (Nu) (i) to drool § see quġliaq(-)

ui1 husband § rel. tuvaaqan, aŋunnuniq, il,aqan, uigu

uiguraq (Nu) boyfriend | :uraq nn

uiksraun bride groom, fiance | -ksraun nn

uil,gaġniq, (Ti) uilgaġniq widow | -lgaq- nv -niQ vn § rel. nuliigñiq

uil,gaq- (i) to lose one’s husband, become widowed | -lgaq- nv

uil,gasuk a spinster, unmarried woman who refuses to marry | -lgasuk nn

uil,uaqtaq woman who refuses to take a husband | +luaq-1 nv (t/raq4 vn § rel. nuliil,gasuk

uiñik- (i) to marry a man, take a husband | +nik-1 nv § rel. nuliaq(-)

uiŋuraq or uiŋŋuaq common-law husband; a man a woman lives with though not married to him | ±ŋuraq1 nn or ±ŋŋuaq(-) nn

ugI-2 (i) to panic, overreact; be too eager

uggisaġi- (t) to be anxious about it

uggisaq something that you are anxious about

uiġuala- (i) to yell, holler in distress / aġnaq uiġualaruq kappiagivlugu panni kataktuaq iglumiñ the woman is yelling in distress because of her daughter who fell off the house | -ġuala- vv?

uima- (i) to be quick, fast | +ma-1 vv

uimaIt- (i) to be slow, go slowly, not hurry | +ma-1 vv :It- vv

uisu- (i) to be overexcited, eager | +sI-1 vv

*uI3 (root) uncooked

uil,aq(-) raw, uncooked food; (i) to eat raw, uncooked food; (t) to eat it raw and uncooked | perhaps -laq1 rn

uipasulaaq(-) meat that is cooked rare; (i) to be cooked rare (of meat); (t) to cook it=meat rare | perhaps –pasuk vn –laaq3 rn

uipayaaq (Ti) rare meat | -payaaq(-)3 rn

uigu(-) or iigu(-) an extension; suffix (e.g. ending or enclitic); (i) to now be lengthened; (t) to lengthen, extend it; to add a suffix to it=word § rel. ui1

uiguligiit things in line | -lik1 nn +[g]iik nn -t (pl mkr)

uiguliktit- (i) to occur steadily in succession; (t) to let them occur in succession | -lik-i nv [pic]tit-2 vv

uiguqłiq farthest extension of something | +łłIQ nn

uil,araq(-) chewing tobacco; (i) to chew tobacco § rel. qummiaq- uil,aq(-)

uil,aaksraq chewing tobacco | -ksraq nn

uil,arrIq- (i) to put chewing tobacco in one’s mouth | ‘=Iq-1 nv § rel. qummirrIq-

uiŋuraq(-)2 (Ti) a mask dancer; masquerade dance; (i) to do a dance with masks

*uiq (root) drawn to, strong inclination

uiġak- ?

uiġIt- (i) to get in the habit of doing something enjoyable or fulfilling | perhaps +[ġ]It- rv

uiġñaaq- (i) to do something frequently that one has learned to enjoy; to go and be with someone frequently that one likes; to eat food that one has come to enjoy; to frequently take advantage of someone or something which is easily accessible / qamma aññaamiñun uiġñaaqtuq he has been going to be with his female cousins quite frequently | +naaq-1 vv

uisa- (i) to go without eating | perhaps +sa- vv § rel. niġI-

uit- to break away from shore ice forming an open lead (of pack ice); (i) to open one’s eyes / nukatpiaġruk uitchuq iqiiqami the little boy opened his eyes when he woke up / uitchuq unna taġiuq there’s a lead opening up in the ocean

uiñġaq- (i) to be sleepy | perhaps -nġaq-4 vv

uiñiQ lead, open water between shore ice and pack ice | perhaps -niQ6 vn

uiñŋa- (i) to have a lead, have open water; to have one’s eyes open | ±ŋa- vv

uirI- (i) to open eyes for the first time (of newborn animal) | -rI-3 vv

uisa- (i) to have one’s eyes open | -sa- vv

uisaq a person drifted away on an ice floe | [pic]t/raq4 vn

uisau- (i) to adrift on an icefloe | [pic]t/raq4 vn -u-2 nv

uitchak- (Nu) (i) to start to rush, become excited, be in a rush § rel. tuavit- qilamiqsruq-

uivaq- or uivvaq- (i) to come around a point or promontory; (t) to go around, skirt it

uivaqsaaq- (i) to round a point of land when traveling by boat; (t) to travel around it=point of land | +saaq-1 vv

>uivvaqsaat ? souls of the dead going round and round; (in Iñupiaq legend) the place where souls went after death | perhaps +saaq3 vn -t (pl mkr)

uivraluktaq- (i) to tumble, somersault | ±taq-1 vv -luk-3 rv

*uivI (root)

uiviil,aq one who does not mind selling things at low cost or buying expensive items | :Il,aq(-) rn

uiviil,I- (i) to become habituated because of repeated good results; to keep doing something because it is pleasant or beneficial | :It-1 rv -lI-2 vv

uivIIt- or uivisuŋIt- (i) to be willing to go to lengths to get what one wants | :It-1 rv or suk-3 rv ±ŋIt- vv

ukallIq rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

ukalliaġaq- (Ti) (i) to do the high kick, jumping with two feet, kicking with one and landing on that foot | -aġaq- nv

>ukalliatchiaq or ukałłiatchiaq snowshoe rabbit (Lepus americanus) | -atchiaq2 nn

ukallisugruk Alaska hare (Lepua othus) | -sugruk(-) nn, vv

ukamaq- to tow (it) in shallow water while walking along the shore / umiani immiqqaaqługu tuttutamiñik airuq ukamaqłuni kuukun after filling his boat with the caribou he killed, he went home towing it down the river

ukamaun tow rope for pulling something along the shore in the water | :un1 vn

>ukammaqsruq- (i) to shoot here and there, never in one place or at one thing

>ukayaŋa- (i) to be inclined to do bad or evil deeds | -ya-1 vv ±ŋa- vv § rel. pimaqłuk-

>ukayaŋałaqpuġluqauna! (excl) of pleasure and excitement used when one sees a friend, relative unexpectedly

*ukI (root)

ukiaksra(a)q- (t) to be early autumn | +aq4 rn -ksraq1 nn -aq6 nn

ukiaksraq early autumn | +aq4 rn -ksraq1 nn § rel. ukigraaq

ukialliġñiaq- (i) to hunt during the autumn | +aq4 rn -llIQ nn +niaq-2 nv

ukiallIQ autumn skin; game caught in autumn | +aq4 rn -llIQ nn

ukiaŋanI (Ti) last year | +aq4 rn -ŋa- (poss 3s-3s) (nI (loc)

ukiaq autumn, fall season; last fall | perhaps +aq4 rn

ukiaqsIq- (Nu) to spend the fall, be in fall | +aq4 rn +[t]sIq- vv

ukigraaq (Ti) early autumn, September | -ksraq1 nn -aq6 nn

ukII- (i) to spend the year or the winter; old | -uq3 rn =I-3 nv

>ukiuġniñ during this winter or this year | -uq3 rn +niñ nn

ukiullIQ winter skin of caribou | -uq3 rn -llIQ nn

ukiunI in those years | -uq3 rn (nI (loc)

ukiupak during this winter or this year | -uq3 rn -pak nn

ukiuq(-) winter time; last year; (t) to come (of winter) | -uq3 rn?

ukiuqaq- (i) to have years / ukiuqaqtuq tallimanik he is five years old | -uq3 rn -qaq-1 nv § rel. ukII-

ukiuqsiutik (Ti) a pair of white-man’s style lined winter boots | -uq3 rn +siun nn -k (dual mkr)

ukiuqtaq or kirgavIk ukiuqtaq [lit ‘that of the winter’] (Nu) gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) which winters over in the north | -uq3 rn +taq8 nn

ukiutchiaq New Year; (Nu) January | -uq3 rn -tchiaq(-)1 nn

ukiutqIk year before last | -uq3 rn -tqIk3 nn

ukił,qhaaq or ukil,haaq cloth

ukIt- (t) to cut an oblong hole in it @ ukitchI-

ukiññiQ something with an oblong hole cut in it | +niQ1 vn

ukhiukhiuq (Nu) mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Ukkuałuk inhabitant of Wainwright, Alaska § rel. Ulġuniq perhaps Ukkua (dem pron pl) +łuk1 nn

ukpan hindquarter, hip § rel. kuutchiñaak

ukpIk snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca)

ukpaaq young snowy owl | -aq6 nn

ukpiq- (i) to believe, be convinced of a fact

ukpiġi- (t) to believe her/him/it | -+[g]i-2 vv

ukpiġun faith; belief | :un1 vn

ukpiqsaaq- (t) to jokingly try to get her/him to believe @ ukpiqsaaqłIq- or ukpiqsaaqłII- | (saaq-2 vv

ukpiqtau- (i) to be easily convinced | +tau- vv

ukpiqtuaq a Christian, a believer | +t/ruaq2 vn

ukpit- (t) to hem it @ ukpitchI-

ukpinniQ (Ti) ukpiñiQ hem | +niQ1 vn

ukpitaala- (i) to overflow, boil over | [pic]t/raq-1 vv -ala- vv

ukpitaq- (i) to cross the highest point of a hill and begin to descend; to tumble; (t) to reach its highest point and begin to descend from it; to tumble over it | [pic]t/raq-1 vv

>ukuallak- (Nu) (i) to flare up (of fire) § see iki-

>ukuallaaġIk- (Nu) (i) to burn well, make a good fire, easily combustible | -ala- vv ‘-k-3 vv -aq4 vn +[g]Ik- nv

>ukuallak- (Nu) (i) to burn brightly, blaze (of fire) | -ala- vv ‘-k-3 vv § see ikuallak- under iki-

ukuaq sister-in-law (brother’s wife); daughter-in-law § rel.niŋau

>ukuaġaaluk brother’s wife | +aaluk nn

ukuakkIt- (i) to stay with husband’s family | -kkIt- nv

ukurviksraq time to do something | +vIk vn -ksraq1 nn | syn piviksraq

ulamIq- (t) to braid them=seal intestines in preparation for cooking by boiling

>ulapit- (i) to become confused, get distracted, mixed up in what one is doing; (t) to be confused, mixed up about her/him; to lose it=page of a book @ >ulapitchI- | +pit- vv § rel alapit-

ulamnaa- (i) to lose one’s way | perhaps =niq-3 vv -a-1 vv

ulapisaaq- (i) to distract oneself (of a person); (t) to distract her/him/it from whatever he is doing @ ulapisaaqłII- | +pit- vv (saaq-2 vv

ulapitit- (t) to make her/him confused | [pic]tit- vv

>ulapniq- (Nu) (i) to go the wrong way, lose one’s way; (t) to take it=wrong way | perhaps =niq-3 vv

ulavrI- (i) to become confused; (t) to make her/him confused | =rI-4 vv

*ulgia (root) differentness

ulgiagi- (Ti) (t) to find it different, changed | +[g]i-2 rv

ulgiasuk- (Ti) (i) to find something different, changed | -suk-3 rv

ulġu- (i) to fall, topple or tip over

ulġusia- or ulġusiala- (i) to stagger (of a person about to fall down, not because she is inebriated) | > -sia- vv or -sia- vv -la- vv

ulġut- (t) to push her/him/it so that she/he/it falls, topples or tips over @ ulġutchI- | +t-1 vv

ulġuuq- (t) to topple, knock them over | -uq-2 vv

Ulġuniq Wainwright, Alaska § rel. Ukkuałuk

ulIk(-) blanket; cataract; (i) to cover oneself with a blanket; (t) to cover her/him/it with a blanket

uligaaq shawl or cape | +aaq3 nn

uligaq mucus-like film on the eye; >snipe net | +[ġ]aq3 nn § rel. uliksIq-

uligaq- (t) to trap it=bird with a net attached to a rope (net falls when rope is pulled) | +[ġ]aq3 nn -q-5 nv

uligaqtau- (i) to be caught in snipe net (of snipe) | +[ġ]aq3 nn -q-5 nv [pic]t/raq4 vv

uligaqtuq- (i) to use the snipe net for something; (i) to have mucus-like film on the eye | +[ġ]aq3 nn +tuq-3 nv

uligruaq heavy blanket or cover | +ġruaq nn

ulikataq shawl | -kataq(-)1 nn

uliksIq- (i) to get a mucus-like film on the eye | +sIq4- vv

ulima- (i) to use an adze; (t) to cut it with an adze

ulimaun mattock, adze | :un1 vn

ulimmaQ chip of wood or flint

ulinnaak fur trousers, below calf length § rel. kamikłuuk [This should maybe be under ulit2]

uliq-1 (i) to speak in a dialect not one’s own with a speaker of that dialect; >(t) to hear it=far-away noise; to glimpse it=something moving in a distance / uliġaa taġiatitaqtuaq iñuk imnani he glimpsed a shadow of a person lurking among the cliffs

uliqqataq- (t) to keep repeating it=word unintentionally

>ulIq-2 (i) to crack, chip; (t) to crack, chip it @ uliqsI-

ullIQ chip in china or enamel utensil |’-Q4 vn

ulliaq- to chip (of an enamel utensil) | ‘-aq-3 nv

uliqqa- (i) to imagine something

>uliq ? a plant used for starting fire § see ullaQ

>uliqtitchI- [ETA] (i) to make one to remember [when someone is telling a story or does something to make a person to recall or remember the story or an act JMN] | [NOTE: cf. tipsullIq-, tuvsullIq- under tivit-, tupit; I have no idea why these words were with this entry. Arctic John Etalook (Itaałłuk) must have used the word]

>uli or ulinniQ high water, flood | -t-2 rv +niQ1 rn

ulipkaaq- (i) to become completely full; (t) to fill it completely | -pkaaq- rv

ulit-1 to rise, flood (of water) | -t-2 rv

ulivla- (i) to overflow | -vla- vv? [is’nt the v the result of assimilation?]

ulivragaq(-) (Nu) a large ocean swell with an overhang (considered dangerous); (i) to form breakers (of wave) with large overhangs | -vrak- nv +aq-1 vv

ulivrIk(-) rolling crest of wave on ocean; (Nu) (t) to turn it inside out | =vrik- vv

ulluti- (t) to be adversely affected by flood | ‘-ti-2 vv

ulit-2 (t) to turn it inside out @ ulitchI-

ulitchuil,aq [lit ‘one that cannot be turned inside out’] knee-high waterproof caribou or seal-skin boot with fur inside | +suit- vv :Ilaq vn

ulittaq- (i) to retch or “dry heave” from hunger or when smelling a foul odor | [pic]t/raq-1 vv

uliusiñiq or >uliun one of two sinews along animal’s back [note: to remove the sinew from the back of a caribou, first use an ulu to get the meat off of the sinew; then place the sinew on cardboard and scrape it flat with an ulu; let it dry before using it as thread] | -siñiq nn

uliusiñaak two tenderloins of a ruminant, which run the length of the back | -siñiq nn ‘-k (dual mkr)

ullak- (t) to approach, go to her/him/it

ullaqattaaq- (t) to visit her/him/it | -qattaaq- vv

ullauti- (i) to go and meet, approach someone or something | :uti-2 vv

ullaQ or ullauraq tuft of plant (used to build fires), fluff, “cotton” from plant or tree, e.g from cottonwood § see uliq

ulluk (Nu) goose with red bill (what is the Latin name?) | syn niġlivik | rel niġliq

ullun (Nu) horn, antler hollowed out and used to carry small articles, e.g. hooks § rel. nagruk

ullutiksralik (Nu) medium-sized ram, four years old | -ksraq1 nn –lik1 nn

ulu or uluuraq traditional Iñupiaq woman’s knife (in the shape of a quarter circle with a handle usually made of bone or ivory placed over the sharp inner point) | :uraq nn

uluaġniġich sawdust | [pic]aq-8 nv +niQ1 vn :It (pl mkr)

ulurak upper cheek, side of cheekbone § rel. iqsraq

uluaqtuutiġruaq two-man saw, type of crosscut saw | [pic]aq-8 nv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn -ġruaq nn

uluksraq slate | -ksraq nn

ulunnaaq (Ti) cheek § rel. iqsraq

ulurak upper cheek, side of cheekbone § rel. iqsraq

ulunnaaq (Ti) cheek § rel. iqsraq

uluqqaQ particle of sawdust | -qqaQ nn

uluun or uluaqtuun saw | [pic]aq-8 nv +tuq-2 vv :un1 or perhaps :un3 nn

uluuraluk or uluurauraq or (Ti) uluŋuuraq small sewing ulu | :uraq nn -luk nn or

:uraq nn :uraq nn § rel. kimalIq or kimaliuraq

uluġuak- (t) to carry her/him/it under one’s arm | syn uniġmik- rel. saagaq-

uluġuakataq- (t) to carry her/him/it under one’s arm for a while | -kataq(-)1 vv

uluk- to rub and twist (it=usually clothing when handwashing, or animal hide to soften when tanning) / ulukkaa pannaqłuŋaruaq amiq tiggaŋaiqsaqługu she is softening the dried up skin by rubbing and twisting it

ulluaŋa- (Ti) (i) to be crumpled | ‘-aq-7 vv [pic]ŋa- vv

ulluaq- (Ti) (t) to crumple it @ ulluaqsI- | ‘-aq-7 vv

ulluk- or ulluuq- (i) to become crumpled, wrinkled; (t) to crumple or wrinkle it | ‘-k-2 vv or ‘-k-2 vv ‘.-q-1 vv

ullutiksralik (Nu) medium-sized ram, four years old | -ksraq1 nn –lik1 nn

uluksralik four- or five-year-old sheep, not quite fully grown § rel. niglaaksralik

Uluksralik name of a place near Barrow, Alaska [need specifics?]

uluq- (i) to turn sideways to pass through a narrow passage, to turn one’s shoulder forward, to lie down on one’s side, to turn aside, bend to the side, move aside; (t) to pass through it=passageway sideways, to turn or move it aside

uluġiagi- (t) to be apprehensive about her/him/it; (Ti) (t) to flinch from, draw back from her/him/it | +iak-2 vv +[ġ]i-1 vv § rel. sivuuġagi-

uluġiaq- or uluġiapak- (i) to wince in fear, flinch, covering one’s face and eyes protectively with the arms | +iak-2 vv or +iak-2 vv -pak(-)3 vv

uluġiasaaq- (t) to do something to try to make her/him/it flinch in fear | +iak-2 vv -saaq- vv

uluġiasuk- (i) to flinch, draw back wary | +iak-2 vv -suk-3 vv

uluġiasuuralaIt- (i) to be daring, bold, straightforward, forthright | +iak-2 vv -suk-3 vv :uraq(-) vv -laIt- vv § rel. kiiñaġnIq-

>uluġiatuaq- (i) to sidestep an arrow every time it is released; [is this restricted to arrows, what about spears??] (t) to sidestep her/his arrows | +tuaq-1 vv

uluġIIt- (i) to act boldly, fearless before an opponent | +iak-2 vv :It-1 vv § rel. kiiñaġnIq-

*uluq (root) unsteadiness ?

uluġmIk- or uluġmigaq- (i) to walk backwards into the wind | +mIk-1 vv or +mIk-1 vv +aq-1 vv

uluqhuqtaaq- (i) to walk rocking from side to side | +qhuq- vv +taaq-1 vv | syn uvigaaq-

uluqtaaq- (i) to stagger; (t) to rock it back and forth | +taaq-1 vv

uluti- (Ti) (t) to be blocked by it=flood § rel. ulit-1

umiġaq(-) a boat; (i) to go hunting in a skin boat for sea mammals; (Ti) (i) to be out in a whaling boat | +aq4 rn § rel. qayaq

umiaġaluk or umiaġaluuraq small one-man seal hunting boat, about six feet long which can be carried on sled | +aluk nn

umiaġluk(-) raft; ice floe used to cross open water; (i) to ride on a raft; to cross open water on an icefloe | +luk(-)1 nv, nn

umialgun kingdom, rule; source of wealth | -lik1 nn :un3 nn

umialguniqsraq or umialiguniqtaq richest person | -lik nn :u-2 nv +niqsraq vn

umialik whaling captain; rich person; king; boss; foreman [lit ‘the one with a boat’] | -lik1 nn

umialikpak or (Nu) umialiŋniqsraq very wealthy person | -lik1 nn +qpak(-) nn, vv -lik1 nn +niqsraq n?

umialignaq church ruling elder; (Nu) fairly rich man | -lik1 nn +naq3 nn

umiallak- (i) to become rich; (t) to make her/him rich, wealthy | -lik1 nn ‘-k-2 nv

umiapiaq an open boat with a wooden frame that is covered with dehaired, specially treated bearded seal skins and was traditionally propelled by sails or oars | -piaq(-)2 nn

umiaqhiuraq or umiqhiuraq small open boat of one or two skins used for seal hunting; rowboat | ?-qhiruaq nn

umiaqhiuraqtuq- (i) to use a rowboat | -qhiuraq nn +tuq-2 nn

umiaqpak ship | +qpak nn

umiaqpauraq(-) tugboat; toy boat; (i) to play with a toy boat | +qpak nn :uraq nn

umiaqpIq- (i) to have a ship arrive and drop its anchor in front of village or town (of villagers, village); (t) to arrive and drop anchor in front of them=villagers, village (of ship) / umiaqpiġaatigut North Star-m the North Star has dropped anchor in front of our village; umiaqpiqsugut there is a ship anchored in front of our village | +qpak nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

umiaqpIt- (i) to sight a ship that has been expected to arrive | -qpak nn ‘=It-3 nv

umiaqqa- (Ti) (i) to go out whaling, go to whaling camp | ?-qqa- nv

UmiaqqavIk the month of May | -qqa- nv +vIk1 vn § rel. Qaugait Anniviat, Suvluġvik

umiaqtuq- (i) to travel by boat; to be out whaling | +tuq-2 nv

umiaqtuun (Ti) open whaling boat covered with five bearded seal skins | +tuq-2 nv :uti1 vn

umiaqtuuraaq- (i) to be boating leisurely; (Ti) (i) to hunt sea mammals (not whale) by boat | +tuq-2 nv :uraaq-1 vv

umiavak (Ti) large open boat covered with nine bearded seal skins and having a sail | -vak1 nn :uraq nn

umiavauraq (Ti) open boat covered with seven bearded seal skins and having a sail | -vak1 nn :uraq nn

umiġġIq- (i) to put together a whaling crew | ‘=Iq-1 nv

umiġġiqsaq- (i) to make preparations to go whaling | ‘=Iq-1 nv +saq- vv

umII- or >umiġġI- (i) to make a boat (for her/him/it) | ‘=I-1 nv

umiiqi- or umialiqi- (i) to prepare one’s boat | =Iqi-1 nv or -liqi- nv

umiirautit or >umirraun sledge used to haul boat | =Iraq- nv :uti1 vn

umiivIk long snow house in which boat frames were made; (Ti) posts where boat frame is placed so that skin may be lashed to frame | ‘=I-1 nv +vIk1 vn

umiu- (i) to capsize in a boat | =u-5 nv [umiurut; does this mean that the boat capsized and the people in the boat died as the result???]

umiuraq wooden whaling boat | =uraq nn

umiut- (t) to cause it to capsize | -t-1 rv [umiupkaåai; it made them to capsize???]

umiiyaġnaq an area where a boat can get wrecked | =Iyaq- nv +naq2 vn

umiiyaq- (i) to wreck a boat; (t) to wreck her/his boat | =Iyaq- nv

umik(-) cover, lid (Nu) (i) to collapse (of a house); to close the store (of owner); to now be closed (of store); (t) to close it; (Nu) (t) to trap it=bear in its den by covering the entrance so it can be killed @ umiksI-

umigaq (Nu) cover of hard snow for pit trap | +aq4 vn | syn matuaq

umiksraq (Nu) pieces of crossed willow used to trap a sleeping bear in its den so it can be killed | -ksraq1 vn

umiktaq- (Ti) (t) to close it=damper on stovepipe | -+t/raq-1 vv § rel. quuqłIq- [umiktaaåaa he closed the damper a little more!!!]

umiktaun (Ti) stovepipe damper | -+t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn § rel. quuqłiġun

uminŋatchI- (i) to have a plugged-up nose; to talk funny because one’s nose is stuffy | -ŋatchi- vv

ummaQ ruin of an old building | ‘-Q4 vn

umŋIq- (i) to now have its cover or lid removed; (t) to remove its cover or lid (e.g. cover from ice cellar or gate from fence) | :Iq-2 nv

umŋIt- (i) to be now open; to have its cover or lid off | :It-1 nv

umiŋniQ sod house ruins | +niQ1 vn | syn igluġruaq

umŋuti- (t) to shut her/him/it in or out @ umŋurri- | :uti-2 vv

umik whiskers, beard

umikturuat [lit `those with much facial hair’] (Ti) football team of older people who kick ball toward the point at Pt. Hope | +tu nv +t/ruat (part 3p) § rel. umŋil,aurat

umilġuaq walrus’s muzzle | -lġuq nn -aq6 nn

umilġuq or umilġuuk muzzle, snout of animal; lower face of man | -lġuq nn

umiŋmak musk ox (Ovibus moshatu) | +mak nn?

ummak- (i) to grow a beard or moustache; to become bristly | ‘-k-2 nv

ummI- (Ti) (i) to grow whiskers | ‘=I-1 nv

umŋil,aurat [lit `those without facial hair’] (Ti) football team of youths which kicks ball landward from Pt. Hope | :Il,aq nn :uraq1 nn -t (pl mkr)

umŋiyaq- to shave (her/him/it) @ umŋiyaI- | :Iyaq- nv

umŋiyaun razor, electric shaver | :Iyaq- nv :un1 vn

umiq- (t) to look closely at her/him/it

umiġuq- (t) to look it over trying to make one’s choice | +uq-2 vv

umnI- (i) to be a quick eater

umnIIt- (i) to be a slow eater | :It-1 vdv

umnisaq- (i) to eat quickly, fast | perhaps (saq-3 vv

*un (dem root) down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended and visible) § rel. *kan

unna that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door dual utkuak, pl utkua (extended, visible dem abs pron) | +na (sing dem abs pron)

unanI located down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended, visible dem loc adv) | +anI (dem loc)

unanIIt- (i) to be located down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

unaŋŋa from down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended, visible dem abl adv) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

unaŋŋamiñ from that direction down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended, visible dem abl adv) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) (miñ (abl)

unaŋŋaq- (i) to come from down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

unna down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended, visible dem adv) | ‘a (dem adv mkr)

uttuma or utsruma or urruma that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door; dual utkuak, pl utkua (extended, visible dem rel pron) | +tuma (sing dem rel pron mkr)

uttumanI or utsrumanI or urrumanI located with that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door; dual utkugnagni, pl utkunani (extended, visible dem rel loc pron) | +tum (sing dem rel pron mkr) +anI (dem loc)

uttumaŋŋa or utsrumaŋŋa or urrumaŋŋa from that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door; dual utkugnaŋŋa, pl utkunaŋŋa (restricted, visible dem abl rel pron) | +tum (sing dem pron rel mkr) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

uttumatun or utsrumatun or urrumatun like that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door; dual utkugnaktun, pl utkunatitun (extended, visible dem rel sim pron) | +tum (sing dem pron rel mkr) +atun (dem sim)

uttumiŋa or utsrumiŋa or urrumiŋa that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door; dual utkugniŋa, pl utkuniŋa (extended, visible dem rel mod pron) | +tum (sing dem pron rel mkr) +iŋa (dem mod)

uttumuŋa or utsrumuŋa or urrumuŋa to that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door; dual utkugnuŋa, pl utkunuŋa (extended, visible dem rel term pron) | +tum (sing dem rel pron mkr) +uŋa (dem term)

uttumuuna or utsrumuuna or urrumuuna via, with that one down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door; dual utkugnuuna, pl utkunuuna (extended, visible dem via rel pron) | +tum (sing dem rel pron mkr) +uuna (dem via)

unuŋa to down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended, visible dem term adv) | +uŋa (dem term)

unuŋanmun towards down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

unuŋaq- (i) to go down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended and visible); to go on the ice to hunt (t) to put or place her/him/it down there | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

unuuna via, through, by way of down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended, visible dem via adv) | uuna (dem via)

unuunaaq- (i) via, through, by way of down there, e.g. on or near ocean, downriver, by the door (extended and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

una- to be playful (with her/him/it) (of animals)

>una (excl) no way! baloney you!

*una (root) tiredness, crankiness

unaŋuiqsIq- (i) to rest | -ŋuq-2 rv :Iq-2 vv -[t]sIq- vv

unaŋuq- (i) to become tired | perhaps -ŋuq-2 rv

unaŋusuk- (i) to feel tired | -ŋuq-2 rv -suk-3 vv

>unasuk- (i) to be cranky sensing that mother is pregnant with a second child (of child) | -suk-3 vv

>unaaq pole with ice pick on one end and hook on the other end often used for testing ice or snow when hunting on ice; seal or walrus spear

>unaaqpauraq lightweight spear used for seals, walrus and bearded seals; pole with ice pick on one end and hook on the other [Ray p72 `heavy harpoon with short “loose-shaft” and detachable “toggle-head”, for harpooning walrus from boat’] / nauligaunlimanna aġviġnun aasiil,imanna unaaqpauraq natchiġnun aiviġnun ugrugnun ‘nauligaun’ is used for whales and then the ‘unaaqpauraq’ is used for seal, walrus and bearded seal | +qpak nn :uraq nn § rel. nauligaun [nauligaun, unaaqpauraq, and naulaq WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? HOW IS EACH OF THESE USED??? FIND OUT, jmn!!!]

unalliqsat (Nu) dance songs from Coastal Eskimos [??who] § rel. *un

unaqsIq (Ti) wood § rel. qiruk

unaqsiqsaq (Nu) stock of rifle | +taq8 nn

>unataun club, something to beat with

unataġniQ bruise, mark from beating | +niQ1 vn

unataq- to persist, refuse to give up (on her/him/it)

unigaq- to tow, drag, pull (it, esp sled or seal) with rope around one’s chest or over one’s shoulder § rel. uniQ

uniaġaak, >uniaġak lower jaw [of humans too?] | +[ġ]aq3 nn -k (dual mkr)

uniaġaġviit sled trail or tracks | +[t]aq- nv +vIk vn :It (pl mkr)

uniaġaq- (i) to travel using a dogteam | +[t]aq- nv

uniaġruat large sledge | -ġruaq nn -t (pl mkr)

>uniak sled runners | -k (dual mkr) | syn sikkuk under siku

uniaqhaurat small sled; child’s sled | -qhauraq2 nn -t (pl mkr)

uniat sled or three or more sleds | -t (pl mkr) § rel. qamutit

unii- to make a sled (for her/him/it) | =I-1 nv

uniiyaq- (i) to break apart (of sled) | =Iyaq- nv

uniqqat toboggan, used in deep snow and where there are trees, especially by Indians and Kobuk Eskimo; >(Nu) little sled pulled by hunters of the ice | ‘-t (pl mkr)

unirraq- (Ti) (i) to travel by reindeer sled | =rraq1 nv -q-5 nv

unirrat (Ti) reindeer sled | =rraq1 vn -t (pl mkr)

unirraun (Ti) sled reindeer | =rraq1 nn -q-5 nv :un1 vn § rel. qunŋiq

uniutaq towline, drag line | =utaq1 vn

unik- (i) to stay behind § rel. unIt-

uniktit- (i) to stay behind for a reason e.g. to take care of grandparents; lag behind, be unable to keep up | -+tit-1 vv

uniktuuma- (i) to be lower in quality; to have less ability than someone else; (t) to be better in ability as her/him, it=a dog | perhaps +tuuq-2 vv -ma-1 vv

*uniktuuq- ??

unisuġi- (t) to progress far ahead of her/him/it | >-suġi- vv

unipkaaq(-) or ulipkaaq(-) or (Ti) unipkaluktuaq or unipkaq- legend, old story, fable, myth; (i) to tell a legend, an old story, fable or myth; (t) to tell it=legend, fable, myth; to tell it=story as a legend, fable, or myth | +pkaq-1 vv -aq-1 vv -aq4 vn § rel. uqaluktuaq, quliaqtuaq

unipkaaġun that which is told, recounted | -aq-1 vv :un1 vn

unipkaaqti storyteller, historian | -+t/ri3 vn

unipkarrak- to receive a story for one’s own to tell | perhaps ‘-k-

>uniptuqisaaŋIt-

uniQ armpit, underarm § rel. natmautaġiaq, uniġaq-

>unġuagułik (Nu) traditional style dog harness | :uak- nv :un1 vn -łik nn ?

unġuagusiqsuq- (Nu) (t) to harness them=dogs @ unġuagusiqsI- | :uak- nv :un1 vn :Iq- nv +tuq-2 vv

unġuak- (Nu) (t) to carry it under the arm | :uak- nv? § see uniq

uniġluk- (i) to have bad underarm odor | -ġluk(-) nv

uniġmIk- (t) to carry it under one’s arm | +mIk-1 nv | syn uluġuak-

uniqsugnIt- (i) to have armpit odor | +sugnIt- nv

unIt- (t) to leave her/him/it behind @ unitchI- § rel. unik-, unipkaaq(-)

uniuq- (i) to miss a destination; to fall short in her/his search; (t) to miss it=target; fail to attain it=goal; to overlook her/him/it while searching @ uniuqsI-

uniuŋa- (i) to be not in place; to be out of order (during meeting) | (ŋa- vv § rel. asivaq-

uniuqtit- (i) to become out of place; to fall short; (t) to cause it to become out of place; to cause her/him/it to fall short, fail to attain somethng (as a goal or target) | (tit-1 vv

uniuŋasirusi (excl) Point of order! (parliamentary procedure) (ŋa- vv +sI- vv +t/rusI (indic 2p)

uniutaq towline, drag line | -utaq1 vn § rel. ukamaun, unigaq-

unniġl,uktuq- (i) to complain about someone | +luk- vv +tuq-2 vv

unniġl,uktuun complaint | +luk- vv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

unnii (encl) regardless; anyway; even / tainnaunnii do it that way anyway (that will be acceptable); uvlaakuunnii tomorrow is fine, acceptable; qaiŋitchuatunnii autaaqatigisuugaich they even include the ones that do not show up (come) when the shares are distributed

unnuk(-) evening; (i) to become dark (t) it is becoming dark

unnuaq(-) night; last night; (Ti) yesterday; to become night | -aQ4 nn

unnuapak during this night, tonight; all night / unnuapak iglauniaqtugut we will travel all night; unnuapak tikiññiaġugnaqtut they will probably arrive during this night | -aQ4 nn -pak2 nn

unnuaqsII- (i) to wait for night | -aq-5 nv +[t]sII- vv

unnuaqsiun (Ti) night worker | -aq-5 nv +siun vn [+siun could be further analysed to +siuq- to do something and then the :n]

>unnuaqtutilaatun all night long | -aq4 nn +tutilaatun

unnuatqIk (Ti) day before yesterday | -aq4 nn -tqIk3 nn

unnugman yesterday; when evening came | +mman (conseq 3s) § rel. ikpaksraq

unnugmatqIk day before yesterday | +mman (conseq 3s) -tqIk3 nn

unnui- (i) to spend the night; to work during the night, have the nightshift; to spend the night with a net for seals through the ice during middle of the winter | -aq4 vn =I-3 nv § rel. uvlumiiq-, uvlI-

unnuiqi- or (Ti) unnuaqsiuq- (i) to stay up all night long, stay up past one’s usual bedtime, stay out all night | -aq4 vn ‘=Iqi- nv or +siuq- nv

unnuksraaq- (t) to become late afternoon, early evening | -ksraq(-) nn -aq-5 nv

unnuuti- (t) to worsen as night progresses (of sick person) | :uti-2 vv

>unniqsuq- (t) to promise her/him; to warn her/him; (t) teach, show her/him the right way @ unniqsuqłii- | perhaps +suq-3 rv,nv

unniqsuqłiun a promise | perhaps +suq-3 rv,nv +kłIq- vv -un1 vn

unŋuQ, (Nu) utŋuq wart; gummy substance of hardened resin § rel. quġliaq(-), ivsaq, urratchiaq

unuŋa to down there, seaward or by the door (visible and extended, dem term adv) § see *un

unuŋaq- (i) to go out to an open lead to hunt; to go down to shore | +q-3 dv § see *un

unuuna via down there, along the shore, via the ocean (dem via adv) § see *un

unuunaaq- (i) to go via down there, by the shore, via the ocean § see *un

uŋa- (i) to act as if one wants to be loved and cuddled (esp of a child)

>uŋaaq(-) person who lets others do his work; person or animal that acts babyish; (i) to let someone do the work one should do; to act babyish / uŋaturuaq uŋaamik tail,iqataġuugaat one who acts babyish is frequently called an “uŋaaq”; uŋaturuaq il,ilgaakkiuvva suna qimmiaġrukkaluaq one who acts babyish a lot, usually a child or even a puppy | +aq4 rn

>uŋałłiqtauq-

uŋaugak- (i) to act babyish for a while | ? -ugak- vv

uŋŋayyak- (i) to regress temporarily to infantile behavior to get attention or in response to prompting from parent (of child) | ‘+yyak- rv

*uŋa (root) periphery

uŋaliagu, (Nu) uŋalliagu day after tomorrow | +llIQ rn :a (poss 3s-3s) +[g]u(a) nn

uŋalianI, (Nu) uŋallianI day before yesterday | +llIQ rn :a (poss 3s-3s) (nI (loc)

uŋallIQ outer door | +llIQ rn § rel. sil,allIQ

uŋasIk- (i) to be far away; (t) one to be far away from her/him/it | ~sIk- vv

uŋasiktit- (t) to keep her/him/it at a distance | ~sIk- vv (tit- vv

uŋatqut- to go around, skirt (her/him/it) | -tqut rv

uŋavaq- (i) to stray to the side; (t) to put it aside | +vaq- rv

uŋalaq(-) or uŋalaaq southwest wind; (Nu, Ti) south wind; (i) to blow from the southwest (of wind)

uŋalaaġluk- (Ti) (i) to be blowing strongly from south (of wind) | perhaps -laaq3 nn -ġluk(-) nv, nn

uŋalaqłuk southwesterly storm | -laq1 rn -qłuk(-)2 nn

>UŋalaqłiQ Unalakleet, Alaska | -laq1 rn +łłIQ rn

uŋalaqpak- (Nu) (i) to blow from south (of wind) | -laq1 rn +qpak(-) vv, nn

>uŋamun a very long way away [jmn]

>uŋau- ???

>uŋani- ???

uŋasigi- (t) to think that it is too far away | +[g]i-2 vdv

uŋayulaq (Nu) whirlwind § see ugayulaq

uŋirviaġun leather strip between body and hard sole of boot

uŋI-1 (Nu) (i) to get a rash

>uŋil,ak- (i) to get a rash, pimples or hives that itch (of one’s skin); (i) to ripple, be disturbed (of water) | -lak-1 vv | syn paumit-

>uŋŋi- (i) to get a rash, pimples or hives that itch (of one’s skin); (i) to ripple, be disturbed (of water) | perhaps ‘-I-1 vv | syn paumit-

*uŋi2 (root) gathering into small folds ?

uŋIq- (i) to tie one’s drawstring (of boot with drawstring on top); (t) to tie drawstring of another person’s boot drawstring; to pull it=drawstring @ uŋiqsI-

uŋiġun drawstring | :un1 vn

uŋiġvIk top edge of fur boot where drawstring goes; drawstring casing | +vIk1 vn

uŋiraq-, (Ti) uŋirraq- >(i) to become ruffled, gathered, pleated, puckered (of fabric); (t) to ruffle, gather, pleat, pucker it=fabric @ uŋiraI-, (Ti) uŋirraI- | +raq-4 vn

uŋiarI- (i) to worry

uŋiariŋaiq (i) to stop, cease worrying

uŋiarriqsu- (i) to worry all of the time; be a worrywart | ‘-qtu- vv

uŋiarrisaġi- (t) to worry about her/him/it | ‘-saq5 vn +[g]i-1 nv

uŋiarrisaq object of one’s worry | ‘-saq5 vn

>uŋuq- (i) to gather, pucker (of fabric) [???]

uŋu- or uŋuraq- (t) to drive it=animal into entrapment usually toward a corral or a waiting hunter; reindeer herder or reindeer dog driving a lone reindeer back to the herd @ uŋurI- | +raq-4 vv

>uŋŋiqi- (t) to let oneself be seen by animals to scare them toward a waiting hidden hunter |

uŋulġusaaq- (t) to frighten it=attacking animal away |

uŋullaq- (Ti) (t) to drive it away | -llaq-1 vv

uŋuullaq- (t) to drive it away | -llaq-1 vv

uŋurrivIk place to which hunters drive game | -rI-6 vv ‘-vIk1 vn § rel. kaŋiġaq

uŋut- (t) to chase it away | +t-2 vv

uŋuuq- (t) to drive it=animal in front of one, usually toward waiting hunter | -uq-2 vv

uŋuraġaaq- (Nu) (i) to be blue § rel. suŋauraaq-, tuŋuq-

uŋuyut- (t) to perform bloodletting (healing practice) on her/him/it

>upak- or upaktuq- to go directly, quickly, rush (to her/him/it); to charge (her/him/it) (of an animal) / nanuq upaktuq qimmiñun the polar bear charged the dogs ??? | +tuq-1 vv § see upit-

upaluaŋa- (i) to rush to do something | -luq-3 vv perhaps +ak- 1 vv +ŋa- vv

>upaluġiitkutaq emergency provision; extra food or clothing taken along in case it may be needed | -luq- vv -I-9 vv | also paluġiitkutaq

upalui- (t) to catch her/him/it by surprise, unawares | -luq- vv -I-9 vv

>upaluŋail,aaq something ready, complete | -luq- vv +ŋa- vv -Il,aaq vn

upaluŋaiyaq- (i) to get the necessary supplies for one’s trip; (t) to get the necessary supplies ready for her/him for a trip | -luq- vv +ŋa- vv :Iyaq- vv | also paluŋaiyaq-

upaluq- (i) to move to action swiftly, hurriedly; (t) to rush to her/him/it to check; (i) to be unprepared, be out of something, e.g. food to offer others | +luq-3 vv

upinġaq- (Ti), upinġaaq(-) to come (of summer); summer; last summer | perhaps -aq4 vn

upinġaapak during this summer; all summer long | -pak2 nn

upinġaatchiaq beginning of summer | -tchiaq(-)1 nn

upinġaatqIk summer before last | -tqIk3 nn

upinġaksrallIQ spring caribou, reindeer; spring caribou skin; any game caught in spring | -ksraq(-)1 nn -llIQ nn § rel. >kumaksrallIQ

upinġaksraq spring; last spring | -ksraq(-)1 nn

upinġallIQ summer caribou skin | -llIQ nn

upinġI- or (Nu) upinġaI- (i) to spend the summer | =I-3 nv

upinġiaq one who spends the summer | =I-3 nv +aq4 vn

upit- (i) to rush eagerly to do something; to get excited; to pay heed suddenly, as to noise or what one sees § see upak-

upisalak- (i) to rush eagerly to do something; to take sudden notice, be roused to action, pay attention suddenly @ upisalaI- | -salak- vv -I-8 vv

>upkaġanak snow with hard top and soft underneath § see uupkaaq-uupkanaq is something that you can break through like trying to walk on hard snow but there are places where you go through and you find yourself in deep snow up to you waist.

*upku (root) barrier ???

upkuaq(-) or >ukkuaq(-) door; (i) be now closed (of door); (t) to close it=door

upkuIq-, (Ti) upkIIq-or ukkuIq- (i) to be now opened (of door); (t) to open it=door | =Iq-2 nv

upkuit- or ukkuit- (i) to be open (of door); to have the door open (of house, car, plane or owner of house) / upkuiñŋuraaġuuruq amauga anaqamman my great-grandparent leaves her door open when it becomes early evening; igluksi upkuitchuq the door of your house is open | =It-1 nv

upkulik- (i) to break (of runner part of the sled causing sled to collapse)

>upkutaq (Nu) convolution of small intestine ?

upsitqik- (Ti) (i) to be fine, finely woven (of cloth); not highly porous (of bone) | -tqIk-4 rv

>upummiq- or ipummiq- (i) to close one’s mouth and keep it closed with lips sealed; (t) to close it=one’s mouth § see pummIq-

uputi- (i) to suddenly pay attention as to a noise one hears; (Nu) (t) to cause her/him to take heed § see upit-

>upyak- or upyauq- (Nu) (t) to talk, call to her/him at a distance | -uq-2 vv

uqaq(-) tongue; tongue-like part of leg-hold trap which is stepped on by an animal and tripped; (i) to talk; (t) to keep talking to her/him for purpose of telling the way to live

uqaala- (i) to complain, nag | -ala- vv

uqaaq- (i) to talk at length; to speak with sadness, sorrow | -aq-1 vv § rel. uqavaaq-

uqaġnaqutau- (i) to be cause of repeated reprimands | +naq-1 vv -qun-1 vn :u-2 nv

uqalaIt- (i) to be mute, unable to talk | -laIt- vv

uqalauraq or uqauraq uvula | -lauraq1 nn or :uraq(-) nn

uqallak- (i) to say something; to speak non-stop | -llak-3 vv

uqallauti- (t) to inform, tell her/him @ uqallaurrI- | -llak-3 vv :uti-2 vv

uqallaya- (i) to habitually blurt things out thoughtlessly | -llak-3 vv -ya-1 vv

uqalugaaq- (i) to tell a story | -luk1 nn +aaq(-)1 nv

uqalugiksuat the Bible

uqaluk word | -luk1 nn

uqaluktuaq true story, account of events which happened during the past two or three generations | -luk1 nn +t/ruaq2 vn § rel. unipkaaq, quliaqtuaq

uqaluktuaqti storyteller | -luk1 nn +tuaq ? n +t/ri3 vv

uqalutu- (i) to be talkative, talk a lot | -luk1 nn -tu- nv

uqalutusI- (i) to build up a vocabulary (of child) | -luk1 nn -tu- nv +sI-1 vv

uqamaqłuk- (i) to use foul language, swear words | -maqłuk- vv

>uqanayuk- (i) to grumble | -nayuk- vv

uqannI- (i) to caucus (in parliamentary procedure); to hold a discussion | +nnI- vv

uqaqpagaaq- (i) to talk with exaggeration | +qpak(-) vv,nn,vn +aaq-2vv

uqaqsiġiaq- (i) to be obedient | +siġiaq- vv

uqaqsiġiit- (i) to be disobedient | +siġiaq- vvd =It-1 vv

uqaqsitaaq- (i) to hold a trial in a court of law | +sitaaq- vv

uqaqsiun (Ti) telephone | +siun nn

uqaqti interpreter | +t/ri3 vn

uqaun microphone; (Nu) what someone said | :un1 vn

uqauraqtuuraġiaġniQ caucus, a closed meeting of a group | :uraq(-) vv +tuuraq- vv +iaq- +niQ1 vv

uqauraqtuuraq- (i) to caucus | :uraq(-) vv +tuuraq- vv

uqausIq manner of speech; choice of words; dialect; language; advice | :uti1 vn ~Iq3 nn

uqausiusiaq or uqallausiaq words of wisdom received | :un1 vv ~Iq3 nn :usiaq

uqautchIt dialects; languages | :uti1 vv ~Iq3 nn ‘-t (pl mkr)

uqaut- or uqauti- (t) to speak, talk to her/him | -ut-3vv or :uti-2 vv

uqautigi- (t) to talk about, tell, gossip about her/him/it | :un-1 vn +[g]i- nv

uqautikłIq- or >uqautigluk- (i) to speak ill, badly of someone or something | :uti-2 vv +kłiq-1 vv

uqautitaq- or (Nu) uqautituq- (i) to call on the telephone, speak on the telephone | :uti-2 vv +t/raq-1 vv § rel. ququula-

uqautitaun telephone; telegraph | uti-2 vv +t/raq-1 vv :un1 vn

uqavaaq- (i) to discuss, talk a great deal about something seriously, solemnly | -vaaq- vv

*uqavIk- ?

uqavigaaq- to boast | -vik-3 vv +aaq-2

uqavil,uk- (i) to bitch, complain | vil,uk- nv § rel. qaniġvil,uk- under qaniQ(-)

uqayaŋa- (i) to speak unclearly, with frequent mispronunciations; to speak with an accent; (Ti) (i) to speak a different dialect or language | -yaŋa- vv

uqayu- (i) to speak clearly, intelligibly | -yu-1 vv

Uqayuil,at Siberian and Southwestern Eskimos; (Nu) includes Seward Peninsula Iñupiat | -yuiļaq- vv

uqayuIt- (i) to speak unintelligibly, not clearly; to be not able to speak at all, mute | -yuIt- vv

uqayunaq- (i) to be easy to talk to; to be receptive to advice | -yu-1 vv +naq-1 vv

uqayut- (t) to persuade, convince her/him with words @ uqayutchI- | perhaps -yu-1 vv +t-1 vv

uqqaaġIk- (i) to be talkative, be a good conversationalist; to have a lively conversation | perhaps ‘-q- vv -aq- vn +[g]Ik- nv

uqqaqtu- (i) to be a gossip; be a chatterbox; to talk too much | ‘-qtu- vv

uqavaallak- (i) to speak loudly at the same time (of several persons)

uqhaq or uġġaq lead (metal) § rel. savił,haq

uqIt- (i) to be light, in weight

uqigi- (i) to find oneself light, in feeling, emotion (t) to find her/him/it light, in weight / uqigigiga I find it light, in weight (implying that something has been removed, thus reducing its weight or that someone has lost weight) | -+[g]i-2 vv

uqigl,i- or uqikł,I- (i) to lose weight; to become happy, joyous, exalted as when a burden or worrisome situation is removed; | -kłI-1 vv § rel. paniq-

uqigyuummIq- (i) to feel light of body, giddy (esp. when worries abate or vanish, or when one is eager do something one enjoys doing) | ? –gyuu- -mmIq-1 vv

uqil,a- (i) to be fast runner | perhaps -la-4 vv

>uqil,aruunnamik ?? that which requires one to be fast in running

uqił,ġaaq (Nu) heavy material, canvas | -łhaaq vn

uqłaqtaq (Nu) spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularia)

uqpatik (Nu) entire rear section of animal, including hindquarters § see ukpatik under ukpan

uqpIk willow (Salix) § rel. akutuak

uqpigauraq (Nu) medium-sized willow | +aq6 nn :uraq(-) nn

>uqpigl,uk- (i) to have hard-to-bend willows (of an area) / pagna uqpigl,uktuq ???qurvaq??? that area up there, the highlands, has hard-to-bend willowsukpiguktuq to me has been used to say that the area is covered with lot of willows and that there are willows that can be used for firewood or for something else!!!

uqpiksiuġayuk savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) | +siuq- nv

uqpiksiuq- (i) to make one’s way through a thicket of willows | +siuq- nv

uqpiksiuyuk redpoll [lit. `one that frequents willows’] | +siuq- nv -yuk(-) vn

uqpiŋñaq (Nu) highbush cranberry plant | +naq3 nn

uqpivIk (Nu) ptarmigan willow (has long catkin) | -vIk2 nn § rel. akutuak, kanuŋŋIQ

uqqaaġIk- (i) to be engaged in conversation, to converse § see uqaq(-)

uqquq sheltered place § rel. uquq-

uqqIt- (i) to take shelter in a storm, be secure, safe; | ‘=It-3 nv

uqqirvIk place one uses for shelter from wind, i.e. bank, ditch | ‘=It-3 nv -vIk1 vn

uqqunmugaaq- (Nu) uqumigaaq- or uqqunmuuq- (i) to walk or travel with the wind at one’s back | -nmun nn -k-3 nv +aaq-2 vv

uqqunmuk- (Nu) uqutmuk- or uqqunmuktuq- (Nu) uqutmuktuq- (i) to travel with the wind | -nmun nn -k- nv

uqqunmun (Nu) uqqutmun to the lee, away from, not facing the wind, with the wind | -nmun nn

uqquuk- (i) for it to be a good shelter from wind; be windproof | perhaps -uk-2 nv

uqsI(Q) loop or bone ring on lasso through which rope is passed; loop of snare

uqsruq, (Ti) uġruq seal oil; oil, gasoline, petroleum

uġruqtiġun (Ti) lard | +tiq- nv +un1 vn

uġruqaġvIk (Ti) five-gallon gasoline can | -qaq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

uġruun (Ti) poke containing blubber for making seal oil | :un3 nn

uqsrak- (i) to put together a lot of blubber, to be used in the winter; to gain weight | -ak-3 nv § rel. quiñisI-, quivsit-

uqsrI- (i) to cut blubber into strips to make seal oil; (t) to render it=blubber into oil | ‘=I-1 nv

uqsriñŋu- (i) to feel queasy after eating fatty food or too much seal oil | ‘=It-3 nv -nŋu-2 vv

uqsrIq- (i) to put gas in one’s vehicle; (t) to put gas in it=vehicle or outboard motor; to put oil in it=stove or oil lamp | uqsriqsI- | ‘=Iq-1 nv

uqsriqsuun or (Ti) uġriqsivIk funnel | ‘=Iq-1 nv +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

uqsrisaq something oil stained, soaked in oil | ‘=It-3 nv +aq4 vn

uqsrIt- to get oil-soaked, stained (of object); (i) to feel sick to one’s stomach after eating too much fat; (t) to stain, soak it (with oil) | ‘=It-3 nv

uqsruaġnIt- (i) to taste like it has seal oil | +nIt-2 nv

uqsrualaqi- (i) to leave a trace of oil on top of the water after being shot (esp of sea mammal) | perhaps -ala- nv -qi- vv

uqsruġaaq or uqsruġaq strip of rendered blubber strips in seal oil | +[ġ]aq5 nn

uqsruġiak- (i) to be draining (of a sore) | +iak(-) nv

uqsruġun fine oil such as gun oil, three-in-one oil | -ġun nn

uqsruiyaq- (t) to scrape oil or blubber from skin @ uqsruiyaI- | -Iyaq- nv

uqsrukkuaqsiuġun oil for cooking doughnuts | -kuaq- nv +siuq- vv +un vn

uqsrukuaqtaq doughnut | -kuaq- nv +t/raq4 vn

uqsrupiaq oil prepared from animal blubber | -piaq(-)2 nn

uqsruqłuk kerosene | +łuk1 nn

uqsruqtiġun oil, oinment; seal blubber rubbed on stitches where animal skins are sewn together; oil at base of duck tail feathers which it rubs on self [need illustration of where this oil is] / qil,alukkam agliġuaniñ uqsruqtiġutiksraqtuni nakuuruq, uvsil,aitchuq, puyausuitchuq the blubber from the jaws of a beluga is good for oiling something, it does not become gummy | +tiq-1 nv :un1 vn

uqsruqtiq- (i) to rub oil on oneself; (t) to apply to or rub oil on her/him/it @ uqsruqtiġII- | +tiq-1 nv

uqsruqtuuq herring | +tuuq1 nn

uqsruu- (i) to be fat; to be greasy, oily, fatty | :u-3 nv

>uqsruutilik (Nu) soup made with fat, often blood | :un3 nn -lik1 nn

>uqsruuraq (Nu) quartz

uquk(-) mold, mildew; to become moldy

uquaq- (Nu) (i) to be blue, green | perhaps -aq-5 vv

uquaqtaaq (Nu) something blue or green | -aq-5 vv +t/raaq2 vn

*uquma (root) heaviness

uqumaigi- (t) to find her/him/it too heavy | :It- rv +[g]i-2 vv | ant. uqigi-

uqumail,I- (i) to become heavier, gain weight; (t) to add weight to her/him/it | :It-1 rv -lI-2 vv

uqumail,l,iraq- (i) to be overloaded (of vehicle); (i) to be troubled by a heavy emotional or physical burden | :It-1 rv -lI-2 vv ‘=Iraq- vv

>uqumaIq- [??] ammit turġuaġmata when the fur on the skins gets thick

uqumaisilaaġun a scale, instrument for weighing | :It-1 rv -+tilaaq vn -q-5 nv :un1 vn

uqumaisilaaq(-) weight; (i) to weigh oneself; (t) to weigh her/him/it | :It-1 rv -+tilaaq vn

uqumaIt- (i) to be heavy (in weight or in emotion) | :It-1 rv

uqumaŋia- or qumaŋia- (i) to have a nightmare; (i) to leave one’s body while asleep and hover over it or fly away, then to “re-enter” the body to move it, either by force or a loud noise; then if one has difficulty waking up, the nightmare begins § rel. itivlI- uqumaia- is this sleep paralysis???

uqummIq- (i) to tightly close one’s mouth; (t) to put it in one’s mouth @ uqummiqsI-

uqummiaq(-) something kept in the mouth; to have (it) in one’s mouth | -aq4 vn

uqummirrIq- (i) to put something in the mouth

uquq- (i) to have warm winter clothes; to be well insulated and therefore warm (of clothing, house) § rel. uqquq-

uqquaġIk- (i) to be wearing warm winter clothes, be warmly dressed | perhaps -aq-7 vn +[g]Ik- vv

uquit- (i) to have no warm winter clothes | :It-1 vv

uquksraq- to get skins for warm fur winter clothing | -ksraq(-)1 vn

uqumman caribou skin used for clothing or part of bedding | -ma-1 vv ‘-n1 vn

uqummatit bedding | -ma-1 ‘-n1 vn -t (pl mkr) § rel. tuŋiutit

uquqłak (Nu) skin with long thick fur, e.g. winter skin | perhaps +łak vn

uquqsraIt- (i) to have no skins for warm winter clothes | -ksraq(-)1 vn :It-1 vv

uquqsriuq- to make warm winter clothes

uquqsaq- (i) to put on warm winter clothing; (t) to put warm clothes on her/him; to put more insulation on it | -+saq-3 vv

uqut (Nu) warm winter clothing | -t (pl mkr)

uquutchIq- (i) to provide oneself with a windbreak | perhaps -uk-2 nv -ttaQ(-) vn ‘=Iq-1 nv

uquuttaQ windbreak | perhaps -uk-2 nv -ttaQ(-) vn

>urgalaq- (i) to wait beside the whalers’ homeward path in anticipation of receiving a piece of whale meat or maktak; (the whalers stopped at the old women waiting along the sled path and gave them whale meat and maktak from their shares on the sled)

urgallIt- (t) to give a piece of whale meat or maktak to her/him as he/she waits by the sled path from whaling camp to the village | ‘=It-3 nv

>urgiasuk- (i) to feel an illness coming on; feel some physical pain | -suk-3 rv

urgiil,Iq, urgiil,iq birch tree

urraQ fermented walrus flipper; fermented walrus skin with blubber; fermented bearded seal flipper (eaten as delicacy)

urratchiaq gummy substance of hardened resin; good, chewable spruce gum, not too new or old / urratchiaq una kaviaqsikami aarigaa qiñiyunaqsisuuruq when urratchiaq becomes reddish it is beautiful; nakuaġigaat tamatkua kutchuqtuġuuruat tamatkuniŋa those who chew it as gum enjoy it | -tchiaq nn § rel. quġliaq(-), unŋuq

*urrIq (root) guidance, instruction ??

urriqsuq- (t) to give directions, instructions to her/him | urriqsui- | +tuq-2 rv

urriqa- (i) to use arm signals to communicate | -qa- vv

urriqat- (i) to make moves trying to imitate something or someone; (t) to imitate it

urriqutigi- (t) to use her/him/it as an example | -qun1 vn +[g]i-1 nv

urriqsuuti- (t) to give her/him directions; to show her/him the way | +tuq-2 rv :uti-2 vv

urraaq- (i) to gesticulate, express through gestures | perhaps -aq-1 vv

UruusIq [RUSS] a Russian

usII (excl) you remember, you know

usiiñ (excl) remember?

usiuvva (excl) oh, I thought... / usiuvva unnuaq tikitchusi I thought you arrived last night; usiuvva makua pitka I thought these were mine | uvva (dem adv)

usIq (pl utchIt) (Nu) load, something carried in sled or boat

usiagukkaq-, (Ti) usiaŋukkaq- (i) to be overloaded, have big load (of vehicle) | :ukkaq- nv

usiaq(-) load, cargo; to haul, transport (her/him/it) in a vehicle| -aq6 nn

usiaqsIq- (i) to be a passenger | -aq6 nn -q-5 nv +[t]sIq- vv

>usiġaq- or usiġaula- (i) to spill over, overflow (as when carrying a full cup of liquid) | perhaps -ġaq-6 nv or -ġaq-6 nv -ula- vv § rel. siqI- | syn sil,ivla-

>usiġaqtuq- (i) to spill; (t) to cause it to spill | -ġaq-6 nv +tuq-2 vv

>usiġaqtuġniQ spilled liquid

usIIq- (i) to overturn and therefoe spill load (of sled); (t) to remove its cargo

usiiyaq- (t) to be unloading, removing its cargo @ usiiyaI- | :Iyaq- nv

usikataq- to carry (her/him/it) as a load | -kataq-2 nv

usil,l,Iq- (t) to load it=vehicle @ usil,l,II- / sunik usil,l,iqpiuŋ qamutaa what did you load in her car | perhaps -llIq-2 nv

usiŋmigauraq- (i) to have an overly full load | usiŋmigauraqhunuk uqpiġñik airuaguk wed came home with a full load of willows | -k-4 nv +migaq- vv :uraq-2 vv

utchikIt- (i) to have a small load capacity | -kIt- nv

utchiqsu- (i) to have a large load capacity | ‘-qtu- nv

>utchiqsruula- to boil over | perhaps ‘-qsruq-2 nv –u-4vv -la-1 vv

>utchiukkaq- (Ti) (i) to be heavily loaded, overloaded (of vehicle) | :ukkaq- nv

usIq- or usil,l,aq- (i) to take off one’s own pants; (t) to remove her/his pants off her/him | -llaq-1 vv

usil,l,aaq- (i) to be naked below the waist | -llaq-1 vv -aq-1 vv

usiŋŋuaq large whale

usiŋŋuaġaaluk (Ti) mature male whale | +aaluk nn

usiŋŋuaġrauraq (Ti) baby male whale | +ksraq nn :uraq nn

usiŋautchiaq, (Ti) usiŋŋuatchiaq medium-sized male whale; (Ti) young male whale | -tchiaq nn

usiŋŋuatchauraq male whale | -tchauraq nn

usuk penis

usuŋnaq (Ti) sausage | +naq3 nn

usuuraq clitoris | :uraq nn

utaqqI- to wait for (her/him/it)

>utaqqigi- ??? Maybe utaqqigisi-

utaqqIk- (i) to continue to wait

utaqqil,ġataq- ???>utaqqil,aaq- to wait a long time for (her/him/it) | -laaq-1 vv

utaqqiñŋuq- to get anxious, tired of waiting for (her/him/it) | -nŋuq- vv

utaqqisi- (t) to save or keep something for her/him/it | ‘si-6 vv

utaqqisiraq that which has been kept and saved | +raq1 vn

utaqqivIk bus stop, train station | +vIk1 vn

utchik whale’s tongue

utchuk vulva

>utchutchaakiq, utchutchaaqIq dark gray bird with pinkish breast feathers with a pointed forked tail, when they hover they spread their tail feathers outward; arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) § see mitqutail,aq

uti- (i) to fall out (of hair); to grow bald, become hairless

utiniQ bald spot | +niQ1 vn

utitaq a hairless skin | +taq7 vn

utitchiaq(-) a skin being soaked to remove hair; (t) to soak it=skin to make hairless

utiq- to return, go back (for her/him/it); to return to her/him=spouse after a separation / pualugni unisimaragni utiġaik he went back for his fur mittens, which he forgot

utiġmIk- (i) to go back and forth; to go in and out of the house, i.e. a young boy going in and out | +mIk-1 vv

utiġmuk- (Ti) (i) to wane (of moon) | muk- nv

utiġrak- (i) to bounce back, (of object); to make a round trip, usu in the same day | +rak- vv

utinmuk- (i) to head back, travel back to where one started | -nmuk- vv

utinmun reverse, back again, returning | -nmun vv

utiqtaq- to go back and forth (of her/him/it) | +t/raq-1 vv

utiqtit- (t) to return it after borrowing @ utiqtitchI- | -+tit-4 vv

UtqiaġvIk Barrow, Alaska | perhaps =Iaq-4 nv +vIk1 vn § rel. utiq-, UkpiaġvIk Utqiaåvik I talked to Thomas Brower about the meaning and origin of the word and he told me that when boats use to try to go around the bend at Nuvuk and the sea was rough they utiq- (return) and utqiaqtuq is a term used when someone leaves to go someplace but returns suddenly, maybe remembering something he left behind, then if you repeatedly have a place where one returns to in the case of bad weather then it becomes Utqiaåvik, the place to return to. Now in the case of Ukpiaåvik, the people of Nuvuk use to go the Utqiaåvik area to hunt ukpik, the snowy owl, so the Nuvugmiut call that area as Ukpiaåvik, the place to hunt for snowy owls.]

uttaqi- (t) to return to her/him/it | ‘-qi- vv

utkuaġmiut (Ti) football team which kicks toward point at Pt. Hope § rel. umikturuat see *un (dem stem)

utkusik or ukkusik cooking pot | also niqłiuġun

utkusigauraq or ukkusigauraq tin can | -[g]auraq nn

utkusiutaq rope and hook apparatus used to hold cooking pot over fire | :utaq1 nn

utkutchiġvIk grill used over open fire or camp stove; (Ti) stand which holds cooking pot above fire | ‘=Iq-1 nv +vIk1 vn

utkutchiqpIk grate on camp stove | ‘-qpIk nn

>utkusigauraq (Ti) whirlpool ??

>utŋuQ (Nu) wart; rifle bolt § see unŋuQ

utŋulik (Nu) bolt-action rifle | -lik1 nn

utŋułuk or utŋuq (Nu) old, hard spruce gum | -łuk1 nn

utqiq (Ti) potato § rel. masu

utquti- (t) to take her/him/it back

utummak palm of hand § see tummak

utuqqaQ something old

>Utuqqaq former village site between Wainwright and Barrow

Utuqqaġmiut people of Utuqqaq River area [Utokok River] | miu(q) nn -t (pl mkr)

utuqqalI- (i) to grow old, become aged | -lI-2 nv

utuqqanaaq elder, senior citizen | -naaq3 nn

utuqqaqtuun custom | +tuq-3 nv :uti1 vn

utuqqau- (i) to be old | :u-2 nv

utuqqaviñiq piece of old land-locked ice which has broken off; chunk of thick shore ice | -viñiQ nn Isn't there a suffix -vIk which when it is added to words like utuqqaq makes that a really old thing!!!

>uniġġat toggleheads

>utuvIk scalp, skin under hair | -vIk2 rn

>*uu (root) “heat”

uummaġiksaaq- to cook (it=meat) until well done | -t-2 vv -mmaġiksaaq- vv

uunaalik boiled fresh maktak and whale meat | -naaq-2 rn -lik nn

uunnaak- (i) to be tepid, moderately warm, e.g. water, food | +naq-1 vv -ak-1 vv, nv?

uunaġnaqun or uunnaqłuqun cumulus cloud | +naq1 vn +naq2 vn -qun vn

uunalaaq(-) (Ti) piece of freshly killed meat; (i) to be freshly killed (of meat)

uunaq- (i) to be hot | +naq-1 vv

uunnaqłuk hot wind | +naq-1 vv perhaps1 +łuk1 vn

uunaqpaŋakłI- to become less, decrease in temperature (of hot weather, high fever) | +naq-1 vv -qpak- vv +ŋakłI- vv

uunaqsII- to heat (it=food, water) | +naq-1 vv +[t]sII- vv

uunaqsiivIk or uunaqsitchiivIk tea kettle | +naq-1 vv +[t]sII- vv +vIk vn | syn niuqqiun, niuqqiuġun

uunaqtilaaġun thermometer for measuring body temperature | +naq-1 rv +tilaaq- vv :un11 vn

>uunnaak- (i) to be warm | +naq-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv +ak-1 vv § rel. uunaaq- (perhaps q replaced by k) uunaaqtuq [how about if the base is uunaq- and postbase is -aq- which makes the concept "slightly" ____.

uunnaaqsruqtaq- (i) to experience a phyical reaction (heart pounds, one becomes flushed, feels warm) to fear or worry | +naq-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv +ak-1 vv -+qsruq-2 vv -+t/raq-1

uunnaġuq- to become hot (of weather) | ‘-Q4 rn +[ġ]uq-1 nv

uunnaIt- or uunnautait- (i) to not have a fever | +naq-1 vv ‘-Q4 rn :It-1 nv

uunnaksraligaaq slight warm wind | +naq-1 vv ‘-Q4 rn -ksraq nn -ligaaq nn

uunnaksaun heater, oil stove for heat | +naq-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv -+saq-3 vv :uti1 vn

uunnaQ heat, very hot weather | -nnaq1 vv ‘-Q4 rn

uunnaqłuk(-) hot wind; (Nu) (i) to have a fever | +naq-1 vv ‘-qłuk(-) nn, vv § rel. uunnaun

uunnaqłuqun or uunaġnaqun cumulus cloud created by hot weather | +naq-1 vv ‘-Q4 vn –łuk1 nn +qun nn

uunnaun fever / uunnautiqaqtuq miqłiqtuuraq the child has a fever | +naq-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv :un1 vn

uunnautiqpak high fever | +naq-1 vv ‘-k-2 vv :un1 vn +qpak nn

uunniQ cooked part of meat; burn (on any surface) | +t-2 vv +niQ1 vn

uunniqi- or (Ti) uunaqsI- (i) to suffer from heat; (Ti) (i) to perspire from heat, get hot | +naq- vv ‘=Iqi-1 vv

uunŋaIt- (i) to be undercooked, not done | +t-2 vv +ŋaIt- vv

uuq- (i) to have a diaper rash, heat rash | perhaps +q-7 rv

uuruq boiled meat | +ruq1 rn (intran indic as part)

uut- (i) to be now cooked; (t) to be cooked, (of meat); to get sunburn | +t-2 vv

uutiġniQ scar from a burn; shriveled, scorched animal hide | +t-2 vv -+tiq- vv +niQ1 vn

uutiq- (t) to get burned, scorched | +t-2 vv -+tiq-3 vv

uutiqtinniQ burn on skin | +t-2 vv -+tiq- vv -+tit- vv +nniQ1 vn

uutiqtit- (i) to get burned; (t) to cause her/him/it to get burned | +t-2 vv -+tiq- vv -+tit- vv

uutqiksII- (t) to cook it well done | +t-2 vv -tqIk-2 vv +[t]sII- vv

uugaq Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), tomcod

uuk- (t) to sample, try, taste it=food @ uuksI-

uuktuaq- (i) to test, try something out for a while; (t) to try, test or attempt it | +tuaq-1 vv

uuktuq- (t) to keep trying, testing, tasting it; to measure it | +tuq-2 vv

uuktuun measuring device, ruler; example; parable | +tuq-2 vv :un1 vn

*uukka (root)

>uukkalI- (i) to become full of dents / qamutikpuk uvva uukkalikami apuqtitkaluamii our car is full of dents from being hit time and time again | +lI-2 nv

uukłI- to cut (it=meat) up for cooking § rel. uu (root)

uukłiaq cut-up meat ready to be cooked | +aq4 vn

uukłivIk cutting board; place in house near stove where frozen meat thaws | vIk vn

uukłiqpIk grate inside oven | -qpIk vn

>uuktuġniq kutchuq (Nu) white gum from interior of spruce in spring

uulik- (i) to shiver, tremble, shake

uuligruIt- (i) to be steady; to be patient with fine work | +rruk- vv :It-1 vdv

uulikuvsuaq- (i) to shiver from a sudden chill | -kuvsuaq- rv

uuligruk- (i) to be frustrated, upset | +rruk- vv

uuligruktaq- (i) to act frustrated, upset | +rruk- vv -+t/raq-1 vv § rel. qiiligruk-

uuma one’s namesake’s wife; (Ti) one’s namesake’s spouse; married couple’s namesake friend; sweetheart is namesake

[aanalyze with *uu “warmth etc…” as root]

uuma- (i) to be alive (of an animal) | perhaps +ma-1 vv

uumalaaq- (i) to be lively (of child) | -laaq-1 vv

uumaruuraq stuffed (preserved) animal | perhaps +ruq1 vn :uraq nn

uummaI- (i) to get an erection; [lit “cause to become alive”]; (t) to cause him to get an erection | ‘-k-2 vv -I-8 vv

uummak- (i) to become alive, be revived | ‘-k-2 vv

uumman heart | ‘-n1 vn

uummaQ fresh green plant; green wood | ‘-Q4 vn

uummasiqi- (Ti) uumasiqi- (i) to have a heart attack | ‘-n1 vn ~Iqi-1 nv

uummatitchiaq- (i) for one’s heart to beat faster

uumaa (excl) hey, you!; hey, don’t!

uumaaq woman’s female cousin; woman’s female friend of same age § rel. aññaq, suunaaq

*uumI (root) anger, hatred, dislike

uumigi- (t) to hate, dislike her/him @ uumikłIq- | +[g]i-1 rv

uumigiik- (Ti) uumigiik- (i) to be in conflict, be enemies, hate each other | +[g]iik(-) rv, rn

uumikkutigiik two people who hate each other | +[g]i-1 rv ‘-n2 vv +[g]iik vn

uumigirI enemy | +[g]i-1 rv +t/rI3 vn

uumil,a- (i) to make a face, as when displeased or eating something which tastes bad | -la- rv § see kiiñaġiil,iuq- under kigi-

uumiñałak someone/something which one dislikes, hates, or is frustrated by | -łak nn,vn

uumiñaq(-) the annoying one; (i) to be annoying, irritating | +naq-1 vv

uumisuk- (i) to be angry, feel mean | -suk-3 vv

uumitchak- (i) to become angry, mad | -tchak- vv

>uumiksuqługu [uumiksuqæugu sure sounds like that someone is hurriedly closing something down to prevent like water to get in the cellar or closing something to conceal something or someone!!! jmn]

uummaQ forest, greenwood; live tree

uummaġmiu forest dweller, one who lives where there are trees

Uummaġmiut McKenzie River people; Iñuvialuk (Iñupiaq of Mackenzie River Delta, N.W.T., Canada) | +miu(q) nn

uummau- (i) to be green (of tree) | :u-2 nv

uunaqpaŋakłI- to become a bit less hot (of hot weather, high fever) § see uu-

uuñuŋuu (excl) oh, how little, small! | syn aañuŋuu, uutukuu, aatakaa, aatukuu

uupkaaq-, uukkaaq-, (Nu) uupkaq- (i) to come crashing down, fall, slide (of hanging ice or snow on a slope) over a period of time

>uupkaaġnaq (Nu) snow with hard snow and soft underneath | +naq2 vn

uusuk- (Nu) (i) to smooth, straighten wood by rubbing it; (t) to smooth, straighten it=wood by rubbing it

usuutit (Nu) piece of wood used for straightening arrow shaft, smoothing wood on snowshoe | :un1 vn -t (pl mkr)

uutkummIq- (i) to react excitedly to news § rel. piallak-

uutukuu or (Nu) uutukuhuu (excl) how little, small! § rel. aatukuu, uuñuŋuu

uuyuliaq- (i) to dodge arrows; (t) to dodge her/his arrows (i.e. during an event in Messenger Feast) § see kivgiq-, also uligiaq-

*uv1 (root) now, today § rel. *uv2

uvlaaġu in the morning, tomorrow morning | -laaq3 rn +[g]u(n) nn

uvlaaġuaq- (i) to do something early morning | -laaq3 rn -ġuaq-2 nv

uvlaaku or uvlaakun tomorrow | -laaq3 rn -ku(n) nn

uvlaakutaaq- to procrastinate; to put off doing (it) until the next day | -laaq3 nn -ku(n) nn +taaq-1 nv

uvlaakutchI- (i) to leave or put something off for tomorrow because it is not time to work on | -laaq3 rn -ku(n) nn perhaps -tchI- vv

uvlaakutqigu day after tomorrow | -laaq3 rn -ku(n) nn -tqIk3 nn +[g]u(n) nn

uvlaapak during this morning | -laaq3 rn –pak2 nn

uvlaaq morning, this morning | -laaq3 rn

uvlaatchiaq dawn; early this morning | -laaq3 rn -tchiaq nn

uvlaatchauraq very early this morning | -laaq3 rn -tchiaq nn =uraq nn

uvluq(-) day; daylight; to begin to grow light (of day) | +lu(q)2 rn

uvlI- (i) to spend the day; to stop and take a day’s rest while traveling or working | =I-3 nv § rel. unnuI-

uvluayaaq(-) dawn; to begin the first light of day | +lu(q)2 rn -ayaaq nn

uvluġiam anaŋa shooting star; meteorite

uvluġiaq star | +lu(q)2 rn +iraq2 nn

Uvluġiaqpak planet Venus (its first appearance above the horizon in late December signals the start of increasing daylight hours) [lit. “big star”] | +lu(q)2 rn +iraq2 nn +qpak nn

Uvluġiasugruk North Star (Pete Sovalik - lk)

uvluġirrIq- (i) stars to come out and appear | +lu(q)2 rn +iraq2 nn ‘=Iq-1 nv

uvluil,aaġuq- (i) to wane (of daylight) in winter | +lu(q)2 rn :Il,- nn :aq6 nn +[ġ]uq-1 nv

Uvluil,aq month of December [lit. “one which lacks daylight”] | +lu(q)2 rn :Il,aq nn | syn Siqiñġil,aq

uvluil,gIt- to completely wane (of daylight) | +lu(q)2 rn :Iq-2 nv -lgIt- vv

uvlukłI- to wane (of daylight) | -kłI- nv

uvluk piŋayuak third day [lit. the third of the two days] | +lu(q)2 rn -k (dual mkr)

uvlumiiq- (i) to work on a day shift | +lu(q)2 rn -mi-3 rv ? -q-1 vv

uvlumiñiñ everyday CHECK THIS FOR DEFINITION AND PHONEME ANALYSIS!!!

uvlupaiqł,ugu (adv) all day long; throughout the day | +lu(q)2 rn -pak2 nn perhaps :Iq-2 nv +lugu (contemp 3p-3s)

uvlupak today | +lu(q)2 rn -pak2 nn

uvluqsiutik two stars that appear to mark the beginning of longer daylight / uvluġiak nuisuuruak ukiumi aasii aŋuniaġniq isagutivaallukłuni two stars appear in the winter and that is when hunting begins | +lu(q)2 rn +siun nn -k (dual marker)

uvluqtu- (t) the daylight hours are long | +tu- nn

uvluqtusi- to get longer in duration (of daylight following the dark period of winter) | +lu(q)2 rn +tu- nn +sI-1 nv

uvluqtutilaatun all day long | +lu(q)2 rn +tu- nn +tilaaq nn +tun (sim)

uvluu- (i) to be daylight | +lu(q)2 rn :u-2 nv

uvluun source of daylight (in reference to a legend which involves the raven spirit and his quest for the source of light) | +lu(q)2 rn -q-5 nv :un1 vn

>uvluluiyaq (Nu) brass

*uv2 (dem root) here (restricted and visible) § rel. *ig, *mar

una this one here; dual ukuak, pl ukua (restricted, visible abs dem pron) | +na (sing dem abs pron)

uvanI located here (restricted, visible dem loc adv) | +anI (dem loc)

uvanIit- (i) to be located here (restricted and visible) | +anI (dem loc) it- “to be”

uvaŋŋa from here (restricted, visible dem abl adv) | +aŋŋa (dem abl)

uvaŋŋamiñ from this direction here (restricted, visible dem abl adv) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +miñ (abl)

>uvaŋŋaq- (i) to come from here (restricted and visible) | +aŋŋa (dem abl) +q-3

uvva here (restricted, visible dem adv) | ‘a (dem adv)

uuma this one here; dual ukuak, pl ukua (restricted, visible dem rel pron) | +tuma (sing dem rel pron)

uumanI located with this one here; dual ukugnagni, pl ukunani (restricted, visible dem loc rel pron) | +tum (sing dem rel pron) +anI (dem loc)

uumaŋŋa from this one here; dual ukugnaŋŋa, pl ukunaŋŋa (restricted and visible) | +tum (sing dem rel pron) +aŋŋa (dem abl)

uumatun like this one here; dual ukugnaktun, pl ukunatitun (restricted and visible) | +tum (sing dem rel pron) +atun (dem sim)

uumiŋa with this one here; dual ukugniŋa, pl ukuniŋa (restricted and visible) | +tum (sing dem rel pron) +iŋa (dem mod)

uumuŋa to this one here; dual ukugnuŋa, pl ukunuŋa (restricted and visible) | +tum (sing dem rel pron) +uŋa (dem term)

uumuuna via, with this one here; dual ukugnuuna, pl ukunuuna (restricted and visible) | +tum (sing dem rel pron) +uuna (dem via)

uvuŋa to here (restricted, visible dem term adv) | +uŋa (dem term)

uvuŋanmun towards here (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) nmun (term)

uvuŋaq- (i) to go here (t) to put or place her/him/it here (restricted and visible) | +uŋa (dem term) +q-3

uvuuna by way of here, via, through, (restricted, visible dem via adv) | uuna (dem via)

uvuunaaq- (i) to go through, by way of here, via (restricted and visible) | +uuna (dem via) +aq- dv

*uva (root) for first person personal pronouns § see Appendix

uvaguk wed, usd | -guk (Id person mkr)

uvagut we, us | -gut (Ip person mkr)

uvaŋa I, me | -ŋa (Is person mkr)

uvaaŋa- (i) to be tilted, to slope, lopsided | +ŋa-1 vv

uvil,uq or ivil,uq seashell; clamshell

uviłłuq (Ti) long clam

uvił,ł,ik(-) fool, stupid person; (i) to be foolish

uvił,ł,iktaq- (i) to act foolish | -+t/raq-1 vv

uvił,ł,iŋa- (i) to be foolish, stupid

>uviñauyuk common scoter (Oidemia nigra)

>uviñŋuayuuq (Nu) lesser yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes)

>uviñiQ, >uviñik, (Ti) uvinik skin (of human); epidermis

uviñġuq undershirt; t-shirt; (Ti) dress | perhaps :uq3 nn § rel. qitauraq

uviññak- (i) to become fat, fleshy | ‘-k- nv

uviññiraaq- (i) to have holes in clothes which shows skin | ‘-Iraaq- nv

*>uviñŋi (root) [NOTE!! is this uviŋŋI?]

uviñŋiaqtuq- or uviñŋiuġaq- or (Ti) uviñŋiaġruk- to whistle (at her/him/it) | -aq-1 vv +tuq-2 vv or -uġaq- vv, or -aq-1 vv +rruk- vv

>uviñŋiaġayuk insect song | -aq-1 vv +aq-1 vv -yuk vn

uviñŋiuqsraq- to whistle (at her/him/it); (t) to whistle it=tune | -uq-2 vv +qsraq-1 vv

uviñŋiuqsraun a whistle | -uq-2 vv +qsraq-1 vv :un1 vn

uviñŋiaq- (i) to whistle | -aq-1 vv

uviq- (i) to tilt, list, dip one side lower than the other; (t) to tilt, list it

uvaagaq- (i) to pitch, roll sideways repeatedly (of boat); to urinate with leg up (of canine); (t) to urinate on it with one leg up (of canine) | -ak-1 vv +aq-1 vv

uvaagniQ or uvaaŋaniQ mountain base with gradual slope | -ak-1 vv +niQ1 vn; or -ak-1 vv +ŋa- vv +niQ1 vn

uvaak(-) dog urine (i) to tilt, list, lean to one side; to urinate with leg up (of canine); (t) to lean, tilt, list it over; to urinate on it | -ak-1 vv

uvaaŋa- (i) to be lop-sided, tilted, sloping | -ak-1 vv +ŋa- vv

uvaaŋatilaaġun or uviŋatilaaġun level used in carpentry | +ŋa- vv +tilaaq(-) vv, vn +un1 vn

uvaaŋatilaaq- or uviŋatilaaq- (t) to check it to see if it is level | +ŋa- vv +tilaaq- vv

uvaaya- (i) to roll, tilt, list easily (of boat) | -ak-1 vv -ya-1 vv

uviġaaq- (i) to walk rocking from side to side | +aaq(-)1 vv | rel uluqhutaaq-

uviŋatilaaġun or uvaaŋatilaaġun level used in carpentry | +ŋa- vv +tilaaq(-) vv, vn +un1 vn

uviŋatilaaq- or uvaaŋatilaaq- (t) to check it to see if it is level | +ŋa- vv +tilaaq- vv

uvru- (Ti) (i) to be thick, e.g. ice § rel. maptu-

uvsIk- (i) to be dense, compact; to be closely grouped, (of a herd); to be tightly woven | perhaps ~sIk-1 nv, rv, vv

uvsigi- (t) to be too dense, compact for him/her | perhaps ~sIk-1 nv, rv, vv +[g]i-1 vv

uvsIIt- (i) to be sparse, not compact; to be open, widespread; to be widely separated | perhaps ~sIk-1 nv, rv, vv:It-1 vv

uvsiqsruq- (t) to fill it=crack up; to chink or caulk it | perhaps ~sIk-1 nv, rv, vv -qsruq-2 vv

uvuŋaġmik- (t) to carry her/him/it close to chest § rel. uluġuak-

uvuŋatchauraq- (i) to be blowing hard causing limited visibility of a few feet (of snow and wind) | -uŋa (dem abl) -tchauraq- vv

uvva right here (visible and restricted) | (dem adv) see *uv

uvvaasiiñ or uvvaasii and then this | (conj) see *uv

uvvahii or uvvii here is the situation; here are the facts; look! here it is! (excl) | (interj) see *uv

uvvakii for instance; because of the fact; as is customary | (interj) rel. atakkii

uvvaliqaa oh yes, here it is! (remembering); now I understand the situation | (excl) see *uv

uvvasuli and then this; here is another one | (conj) see *uv

uvyak- (t) to call attention to it=object seen in distance; to react suddenly to it=object seen in the distance verbally § rel. upit-

uvyaqi- (t) to call her/his attention to something | -qi- vv

uvyauq- or uvyak- (t) to call attention to her/his antics in hopes of discouraging her/him; to mock, ridicule, deride, embarrass her/him | -uq-2 vv

uyaġak stone; rock; fishnet sinker

Uyaġaaġmiut (Nu) Chandalar Indians

uyaġaaq- (t) to cache it=game in rocks; to cover it with rocks | -aq-8 nv

uyaġaaqtaq something cached in rocks (esp caribou ) | -aq-8 nv +t/raq4 vn

uyaqqiqutiksraq a hand-made fork of caribou antlers that is used to lift rocks from the fire into the shelter, skin tent, snow shelter | ‘=I-1 nv -qun1 vn +ksraq1 nn

uyaqqiuġutilik apuyyaq snow house kept warm by hot rocks | ‘=I-1 nv :uq-2 vv :un1 vn -lik1 nn

uyaqqiuġutit hot rocks used for cooking or heat | ‘=I-1 nv :uq-2 vv

uyaqqiuq- (i) to heat rocks used as heat source in tent | ‘=I-1 nv :uq-2 vv

uyaqqiuġuti- (t) to cook it using hot rocks | ‘=I-1 nv :uq-2 vv :uti-2 vv

>Uyaġmata during the activity which occurs after Christmas ???

>uyaġniq ????

uyak- (Nu) (i) to hover at the surface of water (of seal with head coming in and out of water)

uyagruaq- (Nu) (i) to raise head out of water (of seal) | perhaps +ġruaq-3 vv

uyaktaq- (i) to tread water, raise head out of water repeatedly (of seal); (t) to bob up and down in water in his=hunter’s sight (of seal) | -+t/raq-1 vv

uyalu (Ti) man dressed as a woman (during `qakummisaaq’ celebration) who dances as a woman with masks § see qakummisaaq, nuliaġiaq-

uyalunaq(-), (Ti) uyalulaq(-) whirlwind; (i) for there to be a whirlwind § rel. ugayulaq, uŋayulaq

uyamIk needle case carved of bone; hollow part of a tube; interior of a gun barrel; hollow of a cylinder § rel. ikpiaġruk

uyamitquq (Nu) hanging hair under lower jaw of cow moose; earring | -tquq nn

uyamitquaq necklace; (Nu) earring | -tquq nn -aq6 nn

uyaut- (Ti) (i) to bring a boat up to where the whaling feast will take place; (t) to haul it=skin boat to the place where the whaling feast will take place @ uyautchI-

uyaulvIk (Ti) place where whaling boats are beached, signaling that whaling feast will begin next day | +vIk1 vn

uyavgaq- to check on, look at (her/him/it) § rel. alatkaq-, taku-

uyuġu niece, nephew § rel. nuaġaaluk

uyuk- (i) to dance Iñupiaq style (of woman)

uyupqaq- (Nu) (i) to dance, holding a fanlike object moving the arms to one side and then the other (of woman)

uyupqaun (Nu) song for the uyupqaq- dance

uyumiq(-) mirage created by heat; heat waves from land; refractory layer of atmosphere through which shamans must pass to get to the moon; (i) to shimmer from heat (of atmosphere) | -q-5 nv

uyumiŋa nunam air; atmosphere next to earth

V

vasrak (Nu) scoundrel; bad or useless thing; jack at cards

vasrau- (Nu) to be bad, useless

Y

yaa (excl) of displeasure, disbelief, surprise

yaayyuksaaq- (i) to be poor, in need

yaġa- (i) to be lame, crippled in legs; to be without energy § rel. yapu-

yaġił,haq or yaġalġaq knife sheath § rel. kiiñail,isaq

yai or yaiy or yach (excl) wow! very nice! just right! § rel. chach

yai (excl) too bad! alas!

yał,ł,aala- or yał,ł,ak- (i) to snap and bark (of dog about to bite)

yapu(-) sick, weak, unhealthy or crippled person or animal; poor person; (i) to become physically weak § rel. yaġa-

yapupkaq- (t) to cause (her/him) to become physically weak (of disease) | +pkaq-1 vv

yaqhii (excl) my goodness!; oh, no!, too bad! § rel. al,akkaa, yai, akł,aa

yuayuk- (i) to point upward (of waves) where the current of the ocean and the waves from the wind meet and the resulting waves are pointing upward

yugayulaq whirlwind

yuggaqtaq- (i) to pump something repeatedly | -+t/raq-1 vv

yuggaqtaun pump | -+t/raq-1 vv :uti1 vn

yugit- (i) to travel around § rel. aġiyuk-, kukil,uk-

yuggiqsuuq person who goes around visiting constantly; person who travels a lot | ‘-qtu- vv -uq3 vn (perhaps with weak i becoming strong I following gemination)

yugluktaak or yuġluktaak wooden snow goggles

yuguyuaġaq- (Nu) (i) to use a bull roarer

yuġrI- (i) to be undecided, unable to make up one’s mind | perhaps +ġrI- nv, rv, vv

yuġrigiññaq- or yuġavit- (i) to talk about things one never does; to make plans one will never fulfill | +giññaq- vv or -vit- rv

yuukIIk- (i) to go unevenly instead of in a straight line as intended; to be mismatched

yuukkaaq [RUSS ypka] (Ti) skirt

yuuqqaq(-) (Ti) hot beverage; (i) to drink a hot beverage; (t) to drink it=hot beverage § rel. niuqqaq(-)

yuvġuq(-) (Ti) fish slime; (i) to be slimy (of fish) § rel. nivguq

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