Handbook on Building Fire Codes

Document No. :: IITK-GSDMA-Fire05-V3.0 Final Report :: C - Fire Codes

IITK-GSDMA Project on Building Codes

Handbook on Building Fire Codes

by

G.B.Menon

Fire Adviser, Govt. of India {Retd.} Cochin Ex-Chairman CED-22 Fire Fighting Sectional Committee

Bureau of Indian Standards.

J.N.Vakil

Asst.General Manager{Retd},TAC/GIC,Ahmedabad Ex-Chairman CED-36 Fire Safety Sectional Committee

Bureau of Indian Standards.

? This document has been developed under the project on Building Codes sponsored by Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority, Gandhinagar at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.

? The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the GSDMA, the World Bank, IIT Kanpur, or the Bureau of Indian Standards.

? Comments and feedbacks may please be forwarded to: Prof. Sudhir K Jain, Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, email: nicee@iitk.ac.in

Handbook on Building Fire Codes

HANDBOOK ON BUILDING FIRE CODES

CONTENTS

Page Ref

Section-1 Introduction

5-6

Section-2 Terminology

7-18

Section-3 Fire Science-Basic Principles

Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Combustion Chapter 2 Combustion Process(Relevant

to Fire Science)

19-39

19-29 30-39

Section-4 Fire Extinction/Suppression Technology

Chapter 1 Constituents of Fire Chapter 2 Methods of Fire Extinguishment Chapter 3 Extinguishing Media Chapter 4 Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems Chapter 5 First-aid Fire Fighting Equipment

40-174

40-42 43-47 48-65 66-164 165-174

Section-5 Building Fire Hazards

175-185

Section-6 Life Hazards in Buildings and Means of Escape / Egress / Exit

186-201

Section-7 Fire Safety in Building Design and Construction-Basic Principles

202-217

Section-8 Fire Protection/Fire Safety Management for various classes

of Occupancies

218-241

Section-9 Building Codes and RegulationsAn Overview

242-246

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Handbook on Building Fire Codes

ANNEXURES

Annex-A Proposed Contents of Revised National Building Codes

Annex-B Legislation Relating to Fire Safety/ Fire Protection in India

Annex-C List of Indian Standards Relating to Fire Safety/Fire Protection

Annex-D

Calorific Values of Common Materials and Typical Values of Fire Load Density

Annex-E

Broad Classification of Industrial and Non-Industrial Occupancies as per degree of Hazard

Annex-F

Qualifications and Experience Proposed for Fire Protection Engineer/Consultant for Registration/Accreditation

Annex-G

Role of Insurance Industry vis-a-vis Risk Management Measures-An Update

Annex-H List of Figures

Annex-I

Graphic Symbols for fire Protection Plan

Annex-J Fire Protection - Safety Signs

Page Ref 247 248

249 -257 258 -260

261 -264

265 -267

268 -271

272 -274 275 -279 280 -287

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Handbook on Building Fire Codes

HANDBOOK ON BUILDING FIRE CODES

SECTION-1 - INTRODUCTION Building, whether used for living, working, entertainment or for other purposes, forms an integral and major constituent of human habitat. As a sequel to the all round socio-economic progress, and the steady urbanisation processes gathering momentum all over our country for the past few decades, there has been enormous increase in the number of buildings of all classifications, including high-rise and special buildings, especially in the urban and surrounding areas.

With the technological advances on all fronts, not only the factor of susceptibility, but the complexity of fires, explosions and the hazards which these buildings are exposed to have also increased manyfold. These hazards have been instrumental in causing heavy losses in lives and property throwing up fresh challenges to planners, architects and fire protection services in evolving better and improved methods of design and fire protection in order to mitigate such losses.

The first version of the National Building Code was published by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 1970, which was subsequently revised in 1983. The 1983 edition of NBC consists of 10 Parts, of which Part-4 deals with Fire Safety / Fire Protection aspects. All the Parts of NBC, including Part-4, are under revision now.The recently revised version of Part 4, Fire and Life Safety, is under print and expected to be out by June 2005, as per information furnished by BIS.

Part-4 of the NBC, dealing exclusively and comprehensively on Fire and Life Safety is the prime Code document on the subject in our country, supplemented by several other State and Local Authority level Development Control Regulations and Building Bye-laws. The whole objective of these regulatory documents is for ensuring the implementation and maintenance of basic minimum standards of construction, structural as well as fire and life safety in buildings of all types of occupancies which is, infact, the social, moral and legal responsibility of the entire community.

Building Codes and Fire Protection are two sides of the same coin which serve to alleviate losses of lives and property due to fire. Buildings vary so much in their interior layout, siting, height, area,

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