Landscape Ecology: Human Evolution



Landscape Ecology: Human Evolution

Instructions

Welcome to your first (Test 1) which is based on the first weeks work on Primate and Human Evolution.

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Quiz settings

|Property |Setting |

|Passing score |50% |

|Display Point Value |Yes |

|Randomize Questions |Yes |

|Total Number of Questions |28 |

|Total Number of Questions to Ask |All |

|Display User Score |Yes |

|Display Passing Score |Yes |

|Display Pass/Fail Messages |Yes |

|Email recipient |rknight@uwc.ac.za |

Questions

Word Bank, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

1. A Neanderthal skull was first discovered in Forbes' Quarry, Gibraltar in 1848, eight years prior to the "original" discovery in a limestone quarry of the Neander Valley. In which country does the Neander Valley occur?

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|Correct |Choice |

|X |Germany |

| |England |

| |Kenya |

| |Java |

| |South Africa |

| |Tanzania |

| |Ethiopia |

Matching Drag and Drop, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

2. Match the skull in the diagram to the species

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|Choice |Match |

|Australopithecus afarensis |1 |

|Australopithecus africanus |2 |

|Homo habilis |3 |

|Homo erectus |4 |

|Homo neandertalensis |5 |

|Homo sapiens |Not in diagram |

Matching Drag and Drop, 6 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

3. Match the cranial capacity in cubic centimeters to the hominid

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|Choice |Match |

|1512 |Homo neanderthalensis |

|1355 |Homo sapiens |

|1016 |Homo erectus |

|1198 |Homo heidelbergensis |

|552 |Homo habilis |

|300 |Homo floresensis |

Multiple Response, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

4. The Piltdown Man is still possibly the most famous "Scientific Hoax". In constructing this hoax the perpetrator ensured that the following was done to convine the authenticity of the “fossil find”

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|Correct |Choice |

|X |A genuine "old" cranium was used (about 50 000 years) |

|X |The skull cranium was especially thickened and had been deliberately broken into pieces to make it more |

|X |The cranium and jaw bone had been deliberately stained to look older |

|X |The teeth (from the lower jaw was fron an Orangutan) had been filed down to more resemble human teeth |

|X |Cranium and jaw processes (points of articulation) had been deliberated broken so that it appeared to be from the same individual |

| |and work together. |

|X |Other fossil pieces from different co-existing animals and flint implements were introduced to the scene to add authernticity to the|

| |fossil dig. |

Feedback when correct: Correct

Feedback when incorrect: Incorrect

Hotspot, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

5. On the map indicate where the earliest modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved? (On the map indicate where the earliest modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved?)

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Hotspot location: Top: 229, Left: 46, Width: 41, Height: 40

Matching Drag and Drop, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

6. Match the hominid fossil with the country where the fossil was first collected (type specimen)

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|Choice |Match |

|Austalopithecus afarensis (now put in the genus Praeanthropus) |Ethiopia |

|Homo erectus |South East Asia |

|Zinjanthropus |Tanzania |

|Australopithecus africanus |South Africa |

|Homo neanderthalensis |Germany |

Multiple Response, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

7. Which of the following is true for the fossil skull known as "Piltdown Man"? (Which charactersitics accompanied the fossil skull known as Piltdown Man)

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|Correct |Choice |

|X |The fosil skull showed possessed a relatively large cranial capacity |

| |The fossil skull possessed a lower jaw that was similar to a modern human jaw |

|X |The fossil skull was discovered by Charles Dawson |

|X |The fossil skull was at the time of being discovered considered to be about 500 000 years old |

|X |This fossil contradicted the fossils finds at the time, in that it showed that the cranial capacity was one of the earliest |

| |evolutionary steps from ape-like to human-like development |

|X |This discovery was meet with fairly considerable skepticism when announced to the world in the early 1900's |

Multiple Choice, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

8. Homo neanderthalensis was most different to modern humans with respect to (Homo neanderthalensis was most different to modern humans with respect to)

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|Correct |Choice |

| |Brain size |

| |Height |

| |Weight |

|X |Genetic composition |

| |None of the above |

Multiple Choice, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

9. Mitochondrial Eve is sometimes referred to as African Eve, and was an antomically modern human species that left Africa to invade the rest of the world around how many thousand years ago?

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|Correct |Choice |

| |50,000 years ago |

|X |100,000 years ago |

| |200,000 years ago |

| |500,000 years ago |

| |The concept of a Mitochondrial Eve of african origin has been disproven. |

Feedback when correct: Correct

Feedback when incorrect: Incorrect

Sequence Drag and Drop, 4 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

10. Accepting Modern Man (homo sapiens) evolved out of Africa (the Mitochondrial Eve hypothesis) organize the parts of the world that would have become invaded in sequence from first to last.

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|Correct order |

|Middle East |

|Europe |

|North America |

|South America |

|Antarctica |

Feedback when correct: Correct

Feedback when incorrect: Incorrect

Matching Drag and Drop, 4 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

11. Match the species name to the popular name

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|Choice |Match |

|Australopithecus africanus |Taung Child |

|Australopithecus afarensis |Lucy |

|Homo erectus |Java Man |

|Homo ergaster |Turkana Boy |

Sequence Drag and Drop, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

12. Put the following animals in sequence from what is considered the most primitive to the most advanced

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|Correct order |

|Lemurs |

|Gibbons |

|Orangutans |

|Gorillas |

|Chimpanzees |

|Humans |

Word Bank, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

13. Olduvai Gorge is possibly the most famous fossil site for early hominids. In which country does Olduvai Gorge occur in ?

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|Correct |Choice |

| |Kenya |

| |South Africa |

| |China |

| |Indonesia |

| |Ethiopia |

|X |None of the countries mentioned |

Multiple Response, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

14. If a Neaderthal Man were to be reconstructed from genetic material and then lived as a noraml person in Cape Town wearing everyday clothes what anatomically features would strike you as being at least slightly "strange". In the picture a Neaderthal skeleton (left) is compared to a modern human skeleton (right) to help you decide.

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|Correct |Choice |

|X |Voice |

|X |A rather pronounced eye brow ridge |

|X |Rather short stature |

|X |Rather a large nose |

|X |Would appear to have the build suitable for the local rugby club |

| |Seemed to have a rather pronounced "haunched" back |

| |Seems a bit bow-legged |

| |Seems especially dim-witted |

Feedback when correct: Correct

Feedback when incorrect: Incorrect

Numeric, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

15. DNA similarity between humans and chimpanzees as a percentage is

(DNA similarity between humans and chimpanzees as a percentage is )

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|Acceptable numeric values | | |

|Between |97 |99 |

Multiple Choice, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

16. The fossil record has shown that in the same region more than one hominid species co existed with each other. Identify which homind combination is the most unlikely to have co-existed.

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|Correct |Choice |

| |Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens |

| |Paranthropus boisei and Paranthropus robustus (Zinjanthropus) |

| |Homo habilis and Paranthropus robustus (Zinjanthropus) |

|X |Homo sapiens and Australopithecus afarensis |

| |Only choice A is correct the other answers are incorrect |

Feedback when correct: Correct

Feedback when incorrect: Incorrect

Matching Drag and Drop, 4 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

17. Match the hominid with the most suitable invention

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|Choice |Match |

|Homo erectus |Earliest use of fire |

|Homo habilis |Ealiest use of stone instrumments |

|Homo sapiens |Ealiest known art (rock paintings) |

|Homo neanderthalensis |Earliest ritual burial |

Multiple Choice, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

18. The difference in genetic material between modern human and Neaderthal man is (The difference in genetic material between modern human and Neaderthal man is)

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|Correct |Choice |

| |almost but not quite identical and therefore Nederthal is a possible ancestor of modern humans |

| |is twice as different indicating that modern humans and Neaderthal probably interbred |

| |is sufficiently similar such that Neaderthal can be considered a sub-species of Homo sapiens but it is uncertain whether it was an |

| |ancestor or inter-bred with modern humans |

|X |is four times different and consequently modern man and Neanderthal did not share a common ancestor or interbreed for at least |

| |500,000 years |

| |non of the above is correct |

Feedback when correct: Correct

Feedback when incorrect: Incorrect

Numeric, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

19. Modern humans arrive in Europe around how many thousand years? Please provide the full figure e.g. 150000 (The cranial capacity of Homo habilis)

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|Acceptable numeric values | | |

|Between |50000 |35000 |

Matching Drop-down, 6 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

20. Match the fossil with the person that named or discovered it?

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|Choice |Match |

|Homo habilis |Louis Leakey |

|Australopithecus africanus |Raymond Dart |

|Australopithecus afarensis |Donald Johanson |

|Homo erectus |Eugène Dubois |

|Homo sapiens |Carl Linnaeus |

|Homo neanderthalensis |Johann Karl Fuhlrott |

Hotspot, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

21. Click on the individual that best represents Homo habilis

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Hotspot location: Top: 60, Left: 335, Width: 135, Height: 398

Multiple Response, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

22. Raymond Dart claimed that the skull he found in South Africai n the early 1920's was an intermediate species between ape and man. His claim about this fossil find was mostly rejected by the scientific community at the time. Sir Arthur Keith (a leading figure in the field of human evolution) suggested that the skull belonged to a young ape, most likely from an infant gorilla. Identify which facts associated with this discovery are true. (Raymond Dart claimed that the skull he found in South Africain the early 1920's was an intermediate species between ape and man. His claim about this fossil find was mostly rejected by the scientific community at the time. Sir Arthur Keith (a leading figure in the field of human evolution) suggested that the skull belonged to a young ape, most likely from an infant gorilla. Identify which facts associated with this discovery are true.)

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|Correct |Choice |

|X |Sir Arthur Keith rejected the evidence of the new skull since he still believed that Piltdown Man with is large cranum was the true |

| |link between apes and man. |

|X |Professor Raymond Dart was an "outsider" working in distance South Africa and therefore was unlikely to find anything notable |

| |Raymond Dart's discovery was also later found to be a scientific hoax |

|X |Professor Darts was finding was not suported by Professor Robert Broom |

| |Professor Darts was finding later to be correctly identified as skull of primate (confirming what Sir Arthur Keith's position) |

Feedback when correct: Correct

Feedback when incorrect: Incorrect

Matching Drag and Drop, 4 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

23. Match the most similar species with each other based on cladograms and morphological features

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|Choice |Match |

|Homo habilis |Homo rudolfensis |

|Homo heidelbergensis |Homo neanderthalensis |

|Australopithecus afarensis |Australopithecus africanus |

|Homo erectus |Homo ergaster |

Multiple Choice, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

24. The cranium KNM-ER 1470 represents which species?

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|Correct |Choice |

| |Homo neanderthalensis |

| |Homo heidelbergensis |

| |Homo ergaster |

| |Homo erectus |

| |Homo habilis |

|X |Homo rudolfensis |

Sequence Drag and Drop, 6 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

25. Arrange the hominids by their verified age from earliest to most modern

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|Correct order |

|Homo habilis |

|Homo erectus |

|Homo ergaster |

|Homo heidelbergensis |

|Homo neanderthalensis |

|Homo sapiens |

Word Bank, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

26. Which was the first characteristic that marked the evolutionary turning point in the evolution of an animal that was ape like to becoming human?

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|Correct |Choice |

| |An opposable thumb and an hand with a precision grip |

| |A jaw that is changing from being adapted from a herbivorous to an omnivorous/carnivorous diet |

| |Large and forward facing eyes |

| |Significantly enlarged cranial capacity |

| |A language |

| |A culture and/or religon |

| |Communal living |

|X |A bipedal stance |

Hotspot, 2 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

27. Locate on the map where the fossil Eoanthropus dawsonii was discovered?

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Hotspot location: Top: 92, Left: 308, Width: 22, Height: 18

Sequence Drop-down, 5 points, 1 attempt(s) permitted.

28. Homo floresiensis, which lived to about 12 TYA (announced 28 October 2004 in the science journal Nature), has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size, probably a result of Island dwarfing. Homo floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age, being by far the most recent species of Homo that does not lie along the direct evolutionary path of modern humans. Homo floresiensis is bot the smallest and lightest species of the genus homo. Organize the other species of Homo in a scale of increasing mass.

(Homo floresiensis, which lived to about 12 TYA (announced 28 October 2004 in the science journal Nature), has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size, probably a result of Island dwarfing. Homo floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age, being by far the most recent species of Homo that does not lie along the direct evolutionary path of modern humans. Homo floresiensis is bothe smallest and lightest species of homo. Organize the other species of Homo in a scale of increasing mass. )

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|Correct order |

|Homo habilis |

|Homo erectus |

|Homo ergaster |

|Homo heidelbergensis |

|Homo neanderthalensis |

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