Español 4H- El presente indicative



Español 5R - El presente indicative Quarter 1

I. The following verbs are irregular in the first person singular of the present tense.

caber: to fit caer: to fall dar: to give

yo quepo caigo doy

tú cabes caes das

él, ella, ud cabe cae da

nosotros cabemos caemos damos

vosotros cabéis caéis dais

ellos, ellas, uds. caben caen dan

II. RULE: USUALLY when you have a VOWEL + CER or CIR the YO form is ZC. Exceptions: decir (digo), hacer (hago), cocer (cuezo) etc.

conocer: to know, to be aquainted w/: ** Other examples like conocer

- conozco agradecer: to thank

- conoces aparecer: to appear

- conoce crecer: to grow

- conocemos desconocer: to be unaware of

- conocéis nacer: to be born

- conocen pertenecer: to belong to

traducir: to translate **Other verbs like traducir

- traduzco conducir: to drive

- traduces producir: to produce

- traduce

- traducimos

- traducís

- traducen

III. RULE: USUALLY when you have a CONSONANT +CER or CIR the yo form changes from C to Z.

vencer: to win, defeat

venzo vencemos

vences vencéis

vence vencen

IV. RULE: USUALLY when verbs end in GER or GIR, the G changes to J in the yo form

dirigir: to direct exigir: to demand escoger: to choose proteger: to protect

-dirijo - exijo escojo - protejo

-diriges -exiges escoges -proteges

-dirige -exige escoge -protege

-dirigimos -exigimos escogemos -protegemos

-dirigís -exigís escogéis -protegéis

-dirigen -exigen escogen -protegen

Other verbs that are like dirigir are:

coger - to get, catch (cojo) recoger - to pick up, collect (recojo)

corregir* - to correct (corrijo) elegir* - to elect, choose (elijo)

V. Verbs ending in -GUIR: Drop the silent U to maintain the "hard G" sound in the yo form only. Examples include: distinguir - to distinguish (distingo)

seguir* - to continue, follow (sigo)

conseguir* - to obtain, get (consigo)

VI. Verbs ending in -UIR (but not -GUIR or -QUIR), and OÍR*: Change I to Y in the "shoe" forms. Examples include:

construir - to construct ( construyo construyes construye construimos construís construyen)

contribuir – to contribute (contribuyo)

destruir- - to destroy ( destruyo)

distribuir - - to distribute ( distribuyo) huir – to flee ( huyo )

influir – - to influence ( influyo )

oír* - to hear ( oigo, oyes, oye…)

VII. Verbs ending in -IAR, -UAR, and REUNIR: Accent I or U in the "shoe" forms.

confiar - to trust, confide confío confías confía confiamos confiáis confían

continuar - to continue guiar - to guide, lead

enviar - to send fiar - to trust

reunir – to gather, meet

VIII. Ending in -EÍR: Accent on the I in all forms. Examples include:

freír* - to fry frío ,fríes, fríe ,freímos, freís, fríen

refreír* - to reheat, saute reír* - to laugh sonreír* - to smile

IX. Stem- Changing Verbs:

E-----I (only ir verbs) O-----UE

E-----IE (ar, er, ir verbs) U-----UE (like jugar)

pensar: to think **Other examples E---IE**

cerrar: to close perder: to lose entender: to understand

comenzar: to begin querer: to want sentir: to feel

gobernar: to govern convertir:to change mentir: to lie

sentarse: to sit encender:to turn on

mostrar: to show **Other verbs O---UE**

muestro mostramos encontrar:to find poder:to be able to volver: to return

muestras mostráis recordar:to remember oler: to smell (oler(o---hue):

muestra muestran volar: to fly dormir: to sleep

reír: to laugh **Other verbs E---I

río reímos -despedirse: to say goodbye, to fire -sonreír: to smile

ríes reís -repetir:to repeat -pedir: to ask for, request, order

ríe ríen -servir: to serve

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