Psychjennings's Blog
Exam #2 (Take Home)
* You may write on this exam.
* If you have a question about a question, please come and talk to me. (don't guess!)
* Please write your answers ON YOUR SCANTRON
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Theo is 10-months-old. His parents overhear him talking to himself in his crib. His language resembles adult speech in sound, with words rising and falling. This is called:
|a. |echolalia |
|b. |intonation |
|c. |turn-taking |
|d. |vocabulary development |
2. Beth notices that her 1 month old daughter Rose is looking at a large picture of her brother’s face. She asks herself “I wonder what part of the picture she looks at first?” Because you are so smart, you know that Rose was probably looking at ________ first.
|a. |the bottom of his face |
|b. |the outer edges of his face |
|c. |the exact center of his face |
|d. |none of the above |
3. Dylan picks up an object he has not seen before. He immediately puts it in his mouth. Dylan's behavior is representative of which stage of cognitive development?
|a. |concrete operations |
|b. |oral-cognitive stage |
|c. |sensorimotor stage |
|d. |Physio-emotive stage |
4. What ability would be necessary for object permanence to occur?
|a. |memory |
|b. |understanding the connection between what can be seen and not seen |
|c. |the ability to form mental representations |
|d. |all of these |
5. Cognitive development in children is the process by which:
|a. |children perceive and mentally represent the world |
|b. |intelligence is developed |
|c. |children learn to imitate others |
|d. |children learn strategies for developing short- and long-term memory |
6. Latifa knows that kittens are animals. Her mother tells her that puppies are also animals. Latifa then changes her scheme of animals to include puppies. In changing her scheme to incorporate the new information, Latifa is using:
|a. |assimilation |
|b. |reaction range |
|c. |augmentation |
|d. |accommodation |
7. Vocalizations that do not represent objects or events are called:
|a. |prelinguistic |
|b. |nonsensical |
|c. |random |
|d. |paralinguistic |
8. Samantha has been treated for Failure to Thrive and is now returning to her normal growth rate. What does this represent?
|a. |canalization |
|b. |proximodistal development |
|c. |differentiation |
|d. |phenalization |
9. Amy is a 4-month-old infant. She appears withdrawn, depressed, and is losing all interest in the world. Amy:
|a. |may suffer from early-onset schizophrenia |
|b. |probably has severe neurological damage |
|c. |may be the victim of social deprivation |
|d. |may be displaying early signs of mental retardation |
10. Benefits to the mother who breastfeeds include:
|a. |reduces risk of early breast and ovarian cancer. |
|b. |builds bone strength. |
|c. |shrinks the uterus after delivery. |
|d. |all of the above. |
|e. |there are no benefits associated with breastfeeding. |
11. When an infant visually tracks an object, what happens when it moves out of view?
|a. |the infant will continue trying to find it |
|b. |the infant will become visibly upset |
|c. |what the infant will do depends upon the age of the infant |
|d. |the infant will abandon the tracking without concern |
12. An infant with a “difficult” temperament is more likely, than other infants, to:
|a. |have a mother who is sensitive and responsive |
|b. |become securely attached |
|c. |have a mother who is has other children to tend to |
|d. |have a mother who reports feeling distant from the infant. |
13. Is infant crying a primitive form of language?
|a. |yes, because crying represents language |
|b. |no, because cries do not represent objects or events |
|c. |it depends upon the type of cry emitted |
|d. |it depends upon the gender of the child |
14. Infants seem to have a visual preference for:
|a. |the human face |
|b. |pastel colors |
|c. |simple outlines |
|d. |small dot patterns |
15. At 18-months of age, Ben could speak approximately 50 words. However, by 22-months of age, his vocabulary had increased to almost 300 words, most of which were nouns. What is this called?
|a. |the expressive explosion |
|b. |the specific nominal explosion |
|c. |the naming explosion |
|d. |referential style |
16. The chemical messengers in the neuron are called?
|a. |hormones |
|b. |enzymes |
|c. |neurotransmitters |
|d. |prolactins |
17. After being separated from his mother, baby Cece cries and turns away from her mother when she returns. Cece is most likely exhibiting a(n)________ attachment; which is________ common than ____________ attachment.
|a. |secure; less, avoidant |
|b. |avoidant; less, secure |
|c. |resistant; more, disoriented |
|d. |disoriented; more, secure |
18. The development of hand skills demonstrates the process of:
|a. |differentiation in development |
|b. |proximodistal development |
|c. |cephalocaudal development |
|d. |linear development |
19. Which of the following can infants do or control first?
|a. |they can hold objects |
|b. |they can lift their heads off of the floor |
|c. |they can make coordinated movements with their feet |
|d. |they can control their fingers |
20. Research on gender differences has shown:
|a. |no differences between boys and girls. |
|b. |toy preference differences in early childhood. |
|c. |differences in boys’ and girls’ social behavior. |
|d. |consistent differences in activity and irritability levels. |
21. Preston has just learned to talk, and often says things like “I want it” or “come here” or “where did he go?” Preston is exhibiting:
|a. |infant directed speech |
|b. |an expressive style |
|c. |a referential style |
|d. |babbling |
22. A child's finger is hurt. He cries and withdraws the finger, but makes no other movement. This is an example of:
|a. |cephalocaudal development |
|b. |differentiation in development |
|c. |proximodistal development |
|d. |general distress syndrome |
23. D.C. has learned that his ball is called a toy. When he sees a round light bulb, he calls it a "toy." This is an example of:
|a. |accommodation |
|b. |differentiation |
|c. |assimilation |
|d. |conceptualization |
| | |
| | |
24. Infants grow:
|a. |only about 5% of the time |
|b. |constantly during the first year |
|c. |about 6 months out of the first year |
|d. |for about 2 weeks out of every month |
25. By what age to children show gender-stereotyped preference for toys?
|a. |11 mo |
|b. |18 mo |
|c. |2 years |
|d. |36 mo |
26. At about what age can an infant begin ingesting solid foods?
|a. |by about 4 to 6 months of age |
|b. |as early as 2 weeks, if they are really hungry |
|c. |not until about 1 year of age |
|d. |it varies significantly from child to child |
27. Brian and Tamara are concerned because their 12-month-old son has yet to speak his first word. As an expert in child development, what do you tell them?
|a. |that they should be concerned as most children speak their first word before their first birthday. |
|b. |that they shouldn't be concerned because boys develop speech much later than girls |
|c. |that they shouldn't be concerned because anywhere between 8 to 18 months of age is considered normal for speaking first |
| |words |
|d. |none of these |
28. While Neisha is sleeping, her mother puts a spot of makeup on her nose. When Neisha wakes up, her mother places her in front of a mirror and Neisha reaches and physically touches her own nose. This means:
|a. |Neisha is at least 18-months-old |
|b. |Neisha recognizes that it is she in the mirror |
|c. |Neisha's self-concept has begun to develop |
|d. |all of these |
29. Can social deprivation experiments be conducted with infants?
|a. |yes, and the findings are consistent with animal studies |
|b. |no, it would be unethical to experimentally induce social deprivation |
|c. |no, because infants do not need social contact to attach and thrive |
|d. |yes, but the studies are longitudinal and extremely expensive to conduct |
30. When does the first brain growth spurt occur?
|a. |during the second and third weeks of life |
|b. |during the fourth and fifth months of prenatal development |
|c. |about the first month after birth |
|d. |not until the end of the first year |
31. As baby Michael plays in his crib, his parents overhear him making repetitive sounds such as "babababa" and "dadadada." This repeating of syllables is called:
|a. |cooing |
|b. |echolalia |
|c. |babbling |
|d. |Intonation |
| | |
| | |
32. Can children "grow overnight?"
|a. |no, it is not possible |
|b. |yes, but only during the teen years |
|c. |yes, but in childhood it is usually only girls that do |
|d. |yes, research seems to confirm this |
33. If an infant reaches for a toy hidden under a cloth, what does this suggest?
|a. |what it means depends upon the age of the child |
|b. |what it means depends upon the gender of the child |
|c. |it is still random activity at this age |
|d. |that the child has a mental representation of the object in mind |
34. During the _____ stage of development, according to Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, infants progress from responding to events with reflexes, or ready-made schemes, to goal-oriented behavior.
|a. |sensorimotor |
|b. |formal operational |
|c. |concrete operational |
|d. |preoperational |
35. Breast milk is related to:
|a. |decreased likelihood of asthma later in life |
|b. |decreased likelihood of breast cancer for the mother later in life |
|c. |decreased likelihood of obesity for the child later in life |
|d. |all of these are related to breast milk |
36. At approximately what age do children start using their thumbs to aid them in grasping objects?
|a. |4-6 months |
|b. |9-12 months |
|c. |virtually at birth |
|d. |2-3 months |
37. In a classic research study of infant attachment (Harry and Margaret Harlow, 1966), the rhesus monkeys:
|a. |spent most of their time clinging to the surrogate mother with the baby bottle |
|b. |spent most of their time clinging to the cloth mother |
|c. |divided their time between the two surrogate mothers |
|d. |would not come near either surrogate mother |
38. Research shows that:
|a. |even Olympic athletes represent a combination of "good genes" and the right environment |
|b. |Olympic athletes are born, not made |
|c. |environment makes all the difference in who will and who will not become an Olympian |
|d. |genetics are more likely to determine male accomplishments than female accomplishments |
39. Rovee-Collier and her colleagues (1993) tied one end of a ribbon to a brightly colored mobile and tied the other end ties to an infant's ankle. What did these studies measure?
|a. |object permanence |
|b. |habituation |
|c. |memory |
|d. |the age of onset of primary circular reactions |
40. Research by Harry and Margaret Harlow (1966) suggests that:
|a. |the basis of attachment is the food provided by the mother |
|b. |contact comfort may be as important a basic need as the need for food |
|c. |attachment is driven by the need for trust |
|d. |infants become attached because it helps them to form their identity |
41. A stage theory of cognitive development assumes that:
|a. |development progresses according to discrete, age-based steps |
|b. |development occurs regardless of experience |
|c. |development is a continuous process that never ends |
|d. |development occurs at different ages for different children |
42. Camille is crawling and she stops before crawling off an edge. This suggests:
|a. |that infants are prewired to avoid danger |
|b. |that crawling infants perceive depth |
|c. |that infants are afraid of changes in their environments |
|d. |that differences in thresholds are surprising to infants |
43. If you want to make friends with a child who is showing stranger anxiety, which of the following should you do?
|a. |rush over to the child and pick them up |
|b. |approach the child when he/she is far away from their attachment figure |
|c. |talk in a friendly manner from a distance, smile, and offer toys to the child |
|d. |approach the child in unfamiliar surroundings, rather than in their own home |
44. Emily adjusts her rate of sucking in order to hear a recording of her mother reading "The Cat in the Hat," a story her mother read aloud during pregnancy. What does this illustrate?
|a. |imitation |
|b. |memory |
|c. |object permanence |
|d. |deferred imitation |
45. Receptive vocabulary involves _____________, while expressive vocabulary involves ________________.
|a. |words the child can say, words the child understands |
|b. |words the child understands, words the child can say |
|c. |words the child has heard, words the child cannot say |
|d. |words the child has heard, words the child can say |
46. A mother leaves the room and her infant starts to cry. This may represent:
|a. |attachment |
|b. |separation anxiety |
|c. |temperament |
|d. |it could represent all of these |
47. Why do infants who first start to walk move about in a bowlegged fashion?
|a. |to support the heavy weight of the head and torso |
|b. |because the legs are not fully developed enough to allow regular walking |
|c. |being bowlegged is normal and we all must learn not to walk this way |
|d. |most infants do not walk this way |
48. Emotional regulation refers to:
|a. |an infant's attempt to understand the range of emotions they feel |
|b. |a parent's attempt to decrease negative emotionality in their child |
|c. |the ways in which young children control their emotions |
|d. |a child who has overcome stranger anxiety |
49. Social deprivation refers to:
|a. |a lack of social smiling on the part of the infant |
|b. |a lack of responsive smiling on the part of the parent |
|c. |an overall lack of social stimulation provided to the infant |
|d. |a lack of material items, such as books and television. |
50. In terms of language:
|a. |children can only understand words they can say |
|b. |its development is predetermined and independent of experience |
|c. |children can understand many more words than they can speak |
|d. |its development is linked very closely to the development of visual memory |
51. Which of the following is most sophisticated?
|a. |making no sound, which shows awareness that all is well |
|b. |cooing |
|c. |crying |
|d. |babbling |
52. The second growth spurt of the brain is due to:
|a. |neuron development |
|b. |proliferation of dendrites and terminal buttons |
|c. |enlargement of the brain ventricles |
|d. |there is no such thing as a second brain growth spurt |
53. The fact that fine motor skill development lags behind that of gross motor skills represents:
|a. |differentiation in development |
|b. |proximodistal development |
|c. |cephalocaudal development |
|d. |reaction range in development |
54. Children will reach about half of their adult height by:
|a. |4 years of age |
|b. |3 years of age |
|c. |2 years of age |
|d. |2 years of age, but it varies depending upon gender |
55. After the second birthday, the legs begin to grow rapidly and are soon longer than the arms. This is an example of:
|a. |differentiation in development |
|b. |cephalocaudal development |
|c. |minimalistic development |
|d. |proximodistal development |
56. In what order would an infant most likely display the following movement abilities?
|a. |crawling, sitting up, creeping, and running |
|b. |sitting up, rolling over, crawling |
|c. |running, walking, crawling, and creeping |
|d. |rolling over, sitting up, crawling, and creeping |
57. The Strange Situation assesses:
|a. |how the infant responds when the mother leaves the room |
|b. |how the infant responds to the presence of a stranger |
|c. |how the infant responds when the mother returns |
|d. |all of these |
58. If an infant sticks out her tongue, in response to an adult sticking out their tongue, what has occurred?
|a. |memory |
|b. |imitation |
|c. |a random act |
|d. |too little information to tell |
| | |
59. A child is holding a toy clumsily, using only his fingers and palm. This is an example of:
|a. |pincer grasp |
|b. |palmar reflex |
|c. |ulnar grasp |
|d. |reflexive grasping |
60. You are the infants “playmate.” When distressed, this child does not prefer you, but when the child wants to play, she chooses you. You are probably the child’s
|a. |mother |
|b. |teacher |
|c. |father |
|d. |next-door-neighbor |
61. You are being place on a large piece of glass with a checkerboard patterned platform underneath it. Your mother walks to the other side of the platform and calls for your to crawl to her. Many years later you will discover that this was all part of an experiment to test your
|a. |visual acuity |
|b. |ability to recognize your mother |
|c. |motor development |
|d. |depth perception |
62. From an infant’s perspective, what is the most critical factor in establishing a secure attachment?
|a. |having no congenital birth defects |
|b. |having a caregiver they can depend on |
|c. |having few sibling rivals |
|d. |the cardinality principal |
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. (T=A, and F=B)
Write your answers on your scantron!
63. Siblings tend to have similar attachment patterns to their mother.
64. A child will use their arms to drag their torso along (creep) before they will get up on their hands and knees to move about (crawl).
65. Only nature has an effect on brain development.
66. Infants gain control over their trunks and their shoulders before they can control their arms, hands, and fingers.
67. A child’s growth can be slowed from its genetically predetermined course by many organic factors, including illness and malnutrition.
68. The prelinguistic period includes cooing and babbling.
69. Breastfeeding has no health benefits for the mother.
70. When children accommodate, they create new schemes for the world.
71. Self-awareness is measured using the Strange Situation.
72. Infants are unable to imitate others’ behaviors until six months of age.
73. Babbling is the first communicative sound an infant makes.
74. Neonates have poor peripheral vision and low visual acuity.
75. Differentiation refers to specific rather than global actions.
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.