THE CAUSES OF POVERTY AND LOW ECONOMIC …



THE CAUSES OF POVERTY AND LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE YOUTH

A CASE STUDY OF NAMIREMBE – BAKULI LUBAGA DIVISION

KAMPALA DISTRICT

BY

KIMERA MUHAMMED

09/U/14024/EXT

A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA IN YOUTH AND DEVELOPMENT WORK

MAKERERE UNIVERSITY DISTANCE EDUCATION

JULY 2011

DECLARATION

I Kimera Muammed declare that this research work is from my own efforts and its original to the best of my knowledge and it has never been submitted in for any award in any institution and it has been acknowledged.

Signature……………………………………………………Date…………………………………………………….

KIMERA MUHAMMED

09/U/14024/EXT

APPROVAL

This is to certify that this research report is about causes of poverty and low economic development and it has been submitted with my approval as a university supervisor.

Signature………………………………………Date……………………………………

MS. MAYANJA JAMIAH

SUPERVISOR

DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to my parents Mr. Ndalike Rashid and Nakazzibwe Gorret and to all members of my family not forgetting Mumbejja Maria.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I thank the almighty Allah for helping me in giving me life and knowledge so as to write this report.

I also extent my acknowledge to my supervisor Ms. Muyanja Jamiah for her help and effort she helped with to write this report.

I can not forget to extent my thanks to my dear Mumbejja Maria for her support she gave me.

Also I would like to acknowledge the youths of Namirembe – Bakuli for being cooperative and giving me the relevant information to write this report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION i

APPROVAL ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES viii

ABSTRACT ix

CHAPTER ONE 1

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE AREA 1

1.1 STATEMENT PROBLEM 2

1.2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 3

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3

1.5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 3

1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4

CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.0 INTRODUCTION 5

2.1 POVERTY 5

2.2 LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. 7

2.3 HOW POVERTY CONTRIBUTES TO LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 9

2.4 CONCLUSION 11

CHAPTER THREE:METHODOLOGY 12

3.0 INTRODUCTION 12

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 12

3.2SAMPLING DESIGN 12

3.2.1 Population of the study 12

3.2.2 Sample size 12

3.2.3 Sampling methods 12

3.3 DATA COLLECTION 13

3.3.1 Data sources 13

3.3.2 Data collection instruments 13

3.4 DATA PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION 13

3.4.1 Data analysis 13

3.5 STUDY LIMITATIONS 14

CHAPTER FOUR:ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF THE FINDINGS 15

4.0 Introduction 15

4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 15

4.2. FINDING ON CAUSES OF POVERTY AMONG YOUTH OF NAMIREMBE- BAKULI. 18

4.3. FINDINGS ON THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE YOUTH OF NAMIREMBE – BAKULI 23

4.4 FINDINGS ON SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY AND LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 28

CHAPTER FIVE:SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 33

5.0 Introduction 33

5.1 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDING 33

5.1.1. FINDING ON THE CAUSES OF POVERTY (NAMIREMBE- BAKULI AREA) 33

5.1.2. FINDINGS OF LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (NAMIREMBE- BAKULI AREA) 33

5.1.3. FINDINGS ON THE SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY AND LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 34

5.2 CONCLUSION 34

5.3 RECOMMENDATION 34

5.4. Areas for further research. 35

REFERENCES 36

APPENDICES 37

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Respondent’s gender 15

Table 2: Respondent’s age 16

Table 3: Respondent’s marital status 16

Table 4: Respondent’s education level 17

Table 5: poverty refers to people with limited resources 18

Table 6: High levels of poverty leads to low economic development 19

Table 7: Lack of capital leads to poverty 20

Table 8: Lack of education causes poverty 21

Table 9: Poor planning causes of poverty 22

Table 10: low levels of investment leads to low economic development 23

Table 11: absence of meaningful economic activities leads to low economic development. 24

Table 12: lack of capital leads to low economic development. 25

Table 13: low economic development is caused by mainly poverty. 26

Table 14: Other factor leads to low economic development except poverty. 27

Table 15: providing capital will solve poverty 28

Table 16: educating the youths is a solution to poverty 29

Table 17: Birth control is another strategy of fighting poverty. 30

Table 18: Reducing poverty and low economic development is a responsibility of 31

Table 19: religious institutions have a role to play in reducing poverty. 32

ABSTRACT

The study focused on causes of poverty and low economic development, a case study of Namirembe – Bakuli zone, Lubaga Division with objectives to find out the causes of poverty, what leads to low economic development and finding solutions to poverty and low economic development.

During the study descriptive and analytical research design was used a total of 30 youth were chosen. A simple random sampling method was used there by obtaining correct information through the use of questionnaires and interview guides from there coding and analyzed the data in frequency tables. Secondary data was obtained from reviewing the existing literature.

Finding revealed that poverty is caused by laziness, lack of education, poor planning. Low economic development is caused by lack of meaningful economic activities and low levels of investment and laid down solutions to poverty and low economic development as introducing saccos to provide solution to youth to begin business.

It was recommended that adult education and proper housing should be emphasized and also strengthening of the police force in Namirembe – Bakuli to combat crimes.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Poverty is the economic situations where essential goods and services are lack meet the basic needs of the day to day life (Daily Monitor May 20th 2009). According to household and population census of 2002, 68% of the households in Uganda are still in subsistence farming. Uganda is one of the developing countries in the world most of the Ugandans are farmers on a small scale and most of them have specialize in substance agriculture according to Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) a report provided indicates that poverty levels have reduced. This is due the government’s efforts through its programmes and policies which have managed to reduce poverty levels from 34% in 2000 to 28% and this is a good progress and away forward. (The Daily Monitor May 20th 2009)

Namirembe - Bakuli is one of the parishes that make up Lubaga division. Lubaga division is one of the five divisions that make up Kampala District. Namirembe – Bakuli is found in the middle of these areas, it is bordered by Nakulabye in the north, Ndeeba in south, Kampala central in the east and Mengo in the west.

Relationships youth spend a lot of time making relationships whereby male youth spend most of their time searching for female youth to begin relationships. This limits them from working and the little money they gain instead of investing it, they take it to discos and bars which limits their income from growing hence living in poverty.

Most of the people in Namirembe – Bakuli are tenants and there are a few landlords who own the most part of the land. Low economic development refers to a situation where there are no meaningful economic activities in the area, most Ugandans have more that two occupations simply because they want to increase on the money they gain so as to be able to fulfill their basic needs. Also they want to secure a standard of living because most of the people live below the poverty line. Most of the jobs are often with in the informal sector which draws taxation. (Kampala City Council, 2010)

Poverty among the youth in Namirembe – Bakuli has been brought about by a number of factors and some of those include; low levels of education where a bigger percentage of the youth are illiterates, low levels of investment because there is a high marginal propensity to consume than to save. Limited employment where by a bigger number of the youth are unemployed due to lack of qualifications and poor economic planning is accompanied by limited activities which can not yield profits. However as a result of poverty, many situations have been created and this in one way or another have affected the youth in a number of ways as the following; poor standards of living a rising from low incomes which has increased income inequalities, this act of moral decay involves immorality by people due to the need for money for example prostitution. SACCOs have been put in place aiming at empowering youth and low levels of education which has provided a small opportunity for a few youth to go to school. (Alock Peter 1998).

The above situation has affected the level of economic development whereby the youth lack meaningful economic activities like farming due to lack of trading skills whereby they lack appropriate skills for trading, there is low investment climate because youth lack capital to invest, poor yields of animals are of poor breeds which can not empower economic development. (Kampala City Council Report 2010).

1.1 STATEMENT PROBLEM

The wide ranging poverty has led to a number of failures in the lives of the youth in their day to day life and hence affecting the future of the youth and their social life. Many organisations, governmental and non governmental have come up with strategies aiming at eradicating poverty among the youth.

A percentage of about 70% of the youth in Namirembe - Bakuli are unemployed according to Kampala City Council Report (2010) in January clarified poverty as the leading cause to low economic development.

12. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study was to examine the causes of poverty and how it has affected the level of economic development of Namirembe- Bakuli Rubaga divison, as well as to provide solutions to overcome poverty.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To find out the causes of poverty and among youths of Namirembe – Bakuli

2. To assess the level of economic development among the people of Namiembe Bakuli

3. To provide solutions to the growing poverty which affects most people in Namirembe - Bakuli

1.4RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What are the causes of poverty among the youth?

2. What is the level of economic development?

3. What should be done to solve the problem of poverty and low economic development?

1.5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Content scope

Poverty is the independent variable and low economic development as the dependant variable.

Geographical scope

The study covered Namirembe – Bakuli Lubaga division, Kampala district. It is bordered by Nakulabye in the North, Kampala central in the west, Ndeeba in the East and in Mengo in the West. I chose Namirembe Bakuli mainly because it has the features which are important to my research like People with limited resources.

1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In this case, the youth are the major beneficiaries because all the research study is aiming at one group and that is the youth. They are benefiting in a way that the information collected from them will help in future planning of the youth.

Youth have to mobilize them selves first because when they are together under one umbrella, all government programmes which are aiming at supporting youth can easily progress due to good organisation.

The Uganda anti AIDS programme has come out with a campaign of supplying condoms to youth for free and provides guidance and counselling services for youth so as to guide youth in a way of preventing themselves from HIV/AIDS.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter introduces the existing knowledge which had been already found out by some other researchers. It reviews the related literature about how poverty causes low economic development

2.1 POVERTY

Vincent Edwards (1991) suggested that poverty crisis to some extent as we have said it is created by at least recreated by the social and economic politics directed at developed and policy has consistently shaped the position of poor people with in all the aspects of the broader social structure.

Global poverty guide (2010) shows that history observes that poor countries were vassals of great colonial powers of 19th and 20th centuries. The exit strategies perused in granting independent commented geographical boundaries that were inspired more by the politics empire creation of new nations. Too many countries found themselves lacking a critical mass of resources or population, land locked or setting with irreconcilable global poverty exists in war and post conflict countries.

United States Bureau of the census (2006) was viewed that many sociologists have written about the problem of poverty and grate teal of their writing focus on the idea of an American underclass. This underclass is though to be caught. In a cycle of poverty affecting several generations of families sociologists often describe these families being isolated from main stream society, living in urban ghettos and being at risk of low economic development but sociologists also view poverty from another perspective, that is only a small proportion of people are poor for only a short time, these people do not live only in ghettos but in all regions of the United States, rural as well as urban and they mostly comprise of the youth.

Kofi Anan 2001 in the United Nation workshop on strategies which were set up to alleviate poverty suggested that education through its process plays a vital role and it is particularly one way of achieving universal primary education and adult literacy. The report established by the secretary General of United Nations Kofi Anan with in its self aimed at eradicating poverty among youths and more especially the youth and also high lightened about universal primary education as the shield to control poverty. This is because the level of education through which most poor children passes and with in which their achievements should assist them to break the cycle of poverty. Education is the social institution that helps people to prepare for different conditions of the world and how to prepare the unexpected conditions like poverty.

J.L Gillin (1937) suggested that John Thomas at the age of 21, he married a girl of 18, whose family lived in the mining community. Her parents were not a well off family. The father was a hard drinker and a common laborer, frequently in debt some times in trouble and consequently the family lived on the verge of poverty all the time. Her mother was a woman with a large family. She was not very bright and the home was not very bright and the community was poorly kept.

Suzir Mayanja Nsubuga (2009) suggested that laziness causes poverty. He continued to say that Kayunga district residents had themselves to blame for their poverty. Their leaders said that addressing a member of Brac saving and credit cooperation organisation at Kayunga primary school, Kayunga, the former Ntengeru north member of parliament Mr. Suzir Mayanja Nsubuga addressed that many residents were on subsistence farming instead of commercial forming and told them that in order to eradicate poverty they have to diversify their economy and also to change to commercial farming.

Wiikipidia the free encyclopedia’s (2000) said that poverty is that, the unwillingness of government and feudal elites to give full rights to land and properly to their tenants. As suggested that it is the main hindrance to economic development foreign investment can foster by the result of efficient institutions, embezzlement of funds, weak rule of the law and regulation, such as the requirement for banking licenses and this makes it harder for even smaller micro saving programmes to reach the poor people in rural areas so as to extend such programmes to them.

2.2 LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

Wikipedia (13th July 2007) defines economic development of the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well being of their inhabitants. It is a sustainable increase in living standards that implies increased per capita income, better education and health public policy generally aims at continuous and sustained economic growth and expansion of national economies so that developing countries become developed countries.

William Schweke (2008) believed that prevention is almost always cheaper than treatment. He stated that if we do not invest now, we most certainly will pay later and discuss the social costs of inadequate education and work force preparation opportunities, believing that by increasing earnings, education can lower social costs. Schweke noted that there is a strong relationship between low basic skills and welfare dependence, 60% wedlock births among 19 to 23 years old are those who score in the lowest 20% on basic skills costs. About 82% of all Americans in prison are high school dropouts. Sadly, he also pointed out that the United States spends almost to times as much as western European countries on security services, arrest, in circulation and parole, while these same countries spend comparable amounts on subsidized employment and training.

Wiikipedia free encyclopedia (2010) on poverty said that extending poverty protection to the poor is one of the most important poverty reduction strategies a nation could put in place. Security property rights to land, the largest asset for most societies, is vital to their economic freedom, the World Bank can conclude increasing land rights greatly increase poor people’s wealth and sometimes doubling it. It is estimated that state recognition of the property of the poor would give them assistance worth 40 times in the foreign aid since 1995 although approaches are valid. The world said the key issues were security to tenure and ensuring land transaction was at low cost.

Kibirango Bob (2008) says the collecting and exchange of local agriculture is key factor for rural development like rural open source initiate most of Uganda’s programmes using information technology share knowledge about poverty country wide so as to provide good ways of handling food and poverty alleviation. The programmes are empowering and advancing the lives of the people who live in bad conditions with limited resources. They do this through put up seminars to teach the farmer in rural areas new methods of farming. This is supposed to be achieved through combined effort of voluntary organisations and government.

J. Frederick Dewhurst (1947) one of the most out standing features of the factory system is to impact upon the worker. It has practically eliminated crafts man ship which more productive and acted a source of support to the residents. The worker is a mere cog in the wheels of mass production process when he becomes dissatisfied with this. There is little he can do about it. Since this place might easily be filled by the employment of youths and most especially female youth. The growth of the factory system has placed capital in power and control, the owner of the industry holds the power to contract for and control the raw materials, the places of production process, and the quality and quantity of the finished product. Further more, at no time since the beginning of the industrial revolution, there has been imbalanced development where by the urban areas have developed well as the rural areas are not.

Arnold and Caroline Rose (1978-84). The economic resources available to any individual family unit, is a very important factor in the welfare and potential progress of that group. Economic affluence does not assure that the person so blessed will necessarily use it to best advantage. However, it requires the expenditure of considerable economic wealth to provide what is regarded in modern life as the minimum of goods and services necessary for social and political wellbeing people must have at least reasonable satisfaction of basic needs such as food, clothes and housing.

2.3 HOW POVERTY CONTRIBUTES TO LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Max Webber and the modernization theory (2004) suggests that cultural values could affect economic success, however researchers have gathered evidence that suggests that values are not as deeply in grained and that changing economic opportunities explain most of the movements and out of poverty as opposed to shift in value. He said that similarly subsistence farming including farming on a small scale can consign people to vicious cycle of poverty. He added that poor economic planning decreases GDP growth up to 1.3% in some developing nations.

Royal Meeker (1919) the fatal and average income also means something of low the income actually is distributed. Even at best, it is likely that if an equal distribution of income could be affected without serious impairment of the machinery of production on which all incomes depend, there would be only a small margin for the normal family above the amount needed to maintain a descent standards of living. These returns showed that about two – fills (43%) of those reporting had incomes under and 2.000 and received only 18% of the national income almost a forth (18%) reported income of less than and 1000 and accounted for but 4% of the total individual income. At the other extreme, 2 % reported incomes up ward of 10.000 but more than a seventh (15%) of the reported income fell to those in bracket, living the incomes to only a few individuals which hindered economic development due to income inequalities.

I.M Rubinow 1934 our traditional American policy has been to let each man struggle for him, on the theory that thus the most capable would achieve their ends and the less capable would fail. However, it has discovered that in this struggle for existence, unmodified by mutual aid and sympathetic help, many who have fine abilities also full by the way side. Success or failure in life depends upon the combination of two sets of factors. The natural abilities that have been transmitted to us by our parents and the way in which these abilities are developed by our education, family experience and life contacts with others in policy of social engineering is necessity to discover and discriminate between the capable and in capable, to provide the incapable protection and direction of their poor capacities and to give captive descent chance to a chance what is in them.

L. Mpalanyi Nkoyoyo (1995) very sadly several factors have interfered with the treasured not work, global influences, while there has been much international concern about poverty in Africa, many resolutions drawn by international conferences and seminars, do not reflect what happens on the ground. Policies of the World Bank, E.g. structural adjustment programmes. Poverty alleviation strategies and the current economic restructuring programs known as privatization policies have not directly benefited the sufferings rural people. The elderly, the women who are the majority with big responsibility of raising orphaned children are becoming poorer and poorer. In my view, international policy markers do not consult the grass roots, who should have been planners of their own destiny and implementers for their well being.

Sociological literature (1980) poverty in developing countries has focused on the concept of an American under class a population selected in the intergenerational cycle of poverty. It is selected out of the main stream society, living in urban suburb of the main capital and a risk of a number of factors including low economic development. Only a small proportion of poor people are poor for a short while. They live in all parts of United States of American in rural and urban areas.

2.4 CONCLUSION

Agnes K. Hanna (1940) all youth by the very native of their age are dependant upon some one. When here parents or natural supporters are on able to care for them normally due to poverty, the financial aspect of dependency of youth is important. The problem of financial support of the dependent youth is not a not a negligible item. To the progery of human beings from birth to adult hood costs for more than does nature of any other animal for example a big becomes a hog in about three months, a colt matures into a horse in about two years but it takes twenty years to rear a baby to adulthood.

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the research design and methodology. It involves techniques and methods of sampling and data collection, processing and analysis.

31 RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher used a descriptive and analytical research design. This was because as single method was expected to identify the contribution of poverty to low levels of economic development to the youth of Namirembe- Bakuli.

The researcher

3.2SAMPLING DESIGN

3.2.1 Population of the study

The population composed of the youths of Namirembe – Bakuli, this area was selected just because mainly the youth in Namirembe are highly faced with poverty and low levels of economic development such as lack of meaningful economic activities which made the youth of Namiriembe – Bakuli to be the right area for conducting the research.

3.2.2 Sample size

A total of 30 youth were selected in Namirembe – Bakuli.

3.2.3 Sampling methods

A simple random sampling method was used. The researcher picked the youth randomly so that appropriate and correct information from the youth can be accessed.

3.3 DATA COLLECTION

3.3.1 Data sources

Primary sources

The data collected was from Namirembe – Bakuli parish all its villages where youth are concentrated.

Secondary sources

The most important information was got from Mr. Kaviri Godfrey who is the secretary for youth (Local Council Two) and also different youth leaders all round the area of Namirembe – Bakuli.

3.3.2 Data collection instruments

The researcher used different types of data collection that were surtative for the respondents so as to get the correct information and they include;

Interview guide, this comprised the general plan that was followed by the interviewer. The interview involved the face to face questions which were asked to the respondents and putting down way of answering, the researcher was putting down the information from the respondents. These interview guides were directed to local council leaders and the youth who were the main theme for this study with in this area.

Questionnaires, the researcher used open questionnaires. These are structured questionnaires which were used to gather / collect information from the youth. The questionnaires were designed and typed in order to guide the researcher and the respondents in a way of collecting data.

3.4 DATA PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

3.4.1 Data analysis

In this study, data was processed through a number of procedures like these;

Editing, the compiled information from the respondents was edited in order to sort out the appropriate information that was needed which was uniform all over the area.

Coding, since information was collected fro different numbers of respondents, there was need to categorize it into different categorize so as for easy analysis.

Data collected was analyzed by the researcher using various instruments. The responses of the subjects were categorized in frequency score labels with different percentages.

Interpretations and conclusions were drawn according to the findings. Tables were then used to present the data.

3.5 STUDY LIMITATIONS

Some of the youth leaders are not easily accessible and those who are access can not provide information which is adequate for my research which requires the researcher to use as many youth leaders so as to collect enough information for the research.

Also a bigger number of youth who have the appropriate information about poverty are illiterates in that they are unable to read and write. I found a problem with using questionnaires and interview guides because the information was not clear.

A number of areas are not accessed due to slums and poor construction of houses in that the paths are not clear to pass through all the zones and this limited my research to only a few zones.

CHAPTER FOUR

ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF THE FINDINGS

4.0 Introduction

This chapter shows the presentation, implementation and analysis of findings that were obtained from the youths during my field research in Namirembe Bakuli area. The findings are presented according to the objectives of the study.

4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS

Table 1: Respondent’s gender

|Gender |Frequency |Percentage |

|Male |12 |40 |

|Female |18 |60 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: Primary data

From the table 1 above, 40% of the respondents were male, and 60% were female. This means that females were the most one to be affected by poverty and low economic development.

Table 2: Respondent’s age

|Years |Frequency |Percentage |

|11-20 |10 |34 |

|21-30 |20 |66 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 2 above, the biggest number lies between 21-30. This could be because of their high reasoning capacity.

Table 3: Respondent’s marital status

|Marital status |Frequency |Percentage |

|Married |10 |33.4 |

|Single |15 |50 |

|Divorced |5 |16.6 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: Primary data

From the table 3, majority of the respondents 50% are single. This implies that most youths are poor so, they cannot look after families.

Table 4: Respondent’s education level

|Education level |Frequency |Percentage |

|Primary |8 |27 |

|Secondary |13 |43 |

|Certificate |5 |16 |

|Diploma |3 |10 |

|Degree |1 |4 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From the table 4, majority of the respondents 43% were secondary students. This implies that respondents gave information to the best of their knowledge because most of them reached secondary level.

4.2. FINDING ON CAUSES OF POVERTY AMONG YOUTH OF NAMIREMBE- BAKULI.

Table 5; poverty refers to people with limited resources

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |25 |83 |

|Agree |5 |17 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |0 |0 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 5 above, all the respondents 03% strongly agreed 17% agreed that poverty refers to a situation where people have limited resources. This indicated that where resources are limited, there is poverty.

Table 6; High levels of poverty leads to low economic development

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |15 |50 |

|Agree |5 |17 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |10 |33 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: Primary data

From table 6 above, 50% strongly agree 17% agree that poverty has brought about low economic but 33% also disagree that low economic development is not brought about by poverty but there other factors.

Table 7: Lack of capital leads to poverty

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |15 |50 |

|Agree |5 |16.1 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |5 |16.1 |

|Strongly disagree |5 |16.1 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: Primary data

From table 7 above, 50% strongly agree, 16.1% agree that poverty is brought about by lack of capital but also 16.1% disagree and 16.1% strongly disagree. Although the majority agreed that lack of capital leads to poverty some disagreed that there area also other factors.

Table 8: Lack of education causes poverty

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |15 |50 |

|Agree |10 |33 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |5 |17 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 8 above, 50% strongly agree and 33% agree that Illiteracy brings about poverty and 17% disagree. The majority of the people agreed that lack of education has limited a lot of developments which leads to poverty.

Table 9: Poor planning causes of poverty

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |25 |83 |

|Agree |5 |17 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |0 |0 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 9 above 83% strongly agree and 17% agree that poor planning of the government has increased poverty in their area. Poor planning of the government has made many youths poor in that the government only plans for only a few individuals and usually neglect youths.

4.3. FINDINGS ON THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE YOUTH OF NAMIREMBE – BAKULI

Table 10: low levels of investment leads to low economic development

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |15 |50 |

|Agree |0 |0 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |10 |33 |

|Strongly disagree |5 |17 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 10 above, 50% strongly agree as low investment cause low economic development and 33% disagree, 17% strongly disagree. In the table there is balance of respondents in that 50% agree and 50% disagree on level of investment as the cause of low level of economic development.

Table 11: absence of meaningful economic activities leads to low economic development.

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |5 |17 |

|Agree |15 |50 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |10 |33 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 11, 17% strongly agree, 50% agree that absence of meaningful economic activities leads to low economic development and 33% disagree on this issue. Majority of the population agreed that lack of meaningful economic activities leads to poverty.

Table 12: lack of capital leads to low economic development.

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |0 |0 |

|Agree |22 |74 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |0 |0 |

|Strongly disagree |8 |26 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 12 above, majority of the respondents agree about 74% that low economic development is caused by lack of capital and 20% disagreed. Here the majority of the respondents agree that lack of economic development leads to low economic development.

Table 13: low economic development is caused by mainly poverty.

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |0 |0 |

|Agree |6 |20 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |6 |20 |

|Strongly disagree |18 |60 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 13 above, 20% agree that low economic development is caused by mainly poverty and 20% disagreed and 60% strongly disagree. The majority disagreed that low economic development is not caused by poverty.

Table 14: Other factor leads to low economic development except poverty.

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |4 |15 |

|Agree |8 |26 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |10 |33 |

|Strongly disagree |8 |26 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 14 above, 15% strongly agreed, 26% agreed that other factors lead to low economic development except poverty and 33% disagreed and 26% strongly disagreed. This meant that other factors lead to poverty except low economic development.

4.4 FINDINGS ON SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY AND LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Table 15: providing capital will solve poverty

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |15 |50 |

|Agree |10 |33 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |5 |17 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 15 above50% strongly agreed, 33% agreed that providing capital will solve poverty but 17% disagreed. The respondents agree that providing capital will solve poverty.

Table 16: educating the youths is a solution to poverty

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |16 |52 |

|Agree |10 |33 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |0 |0 |

|Strongly disagree |4 |15 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 16 above, 52% strongly agreed, 33% agreed that educating youths will solve poverty and low economic development and 15% strongly disagreed. Educating the youth is a crucial instrument in fighting poverty.

Table 17: Birth control is another strategy of fighting poverty.

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |5 |17 |

|Agree |0 |0 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |0 |0 |

|Strongly disagree |25 |83 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 17 above, 17% strongly agree that birth control will reduce poverty but the majority of 83% strongly disagree on this issue. A number of respondents disagree that birth control will not reduce poverty.

Table 18: Reducing poverty and low economic development is a responsibility of government.

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |25 |83 |

|Agree |5 |17 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |0 |0 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 18 above, 83% strongly agreed, 17% agree that it is a responsibility of the government to reduce poverty. All the respondents responded positively that it is the responsibility of the government to reduce poverty.

Table 19: religious institutions have a role to play in reducing poverty.

|Response |Frequency |Percentage |

|Strongly agree |8 |26 |

|Agree |0 |0 |

|None |0 |0 |

|Disagree |22 |74 |

|Strongly disagree |0 |0 |

|Total |30 |100 |

Source: primary data

From table 19 above, 26% strongly agree that religious institution have a role to play in reducing poverty but a majority of 74% strongly disagree on this issue. The respondents disagree that religious institutions have no role to play I reducing poverty.

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 Introduction

This chapter presents discussion of the findings, recommendations and conclusions on the causes of poverty and low economic development among the youth of Namirembe- Bakuli.

5.1 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDING

5.1.1. FINDING ON THE CAUSES OF POVERTY (NAMIREMBE- BAKULI AREA)

Findings revealed that poverty is caused in Namirembe- Bakuli by lack of capital to set up business, laziness where by most of the youth do not want to work and in addition to that poor planning where by the government plans for only a few individuals and neglects the youth. Many situations have been created and this is one way or another have affected the youth in a number of ways as poor standards of living a rising from low incomes which has increased income inequalities, this act of moral decay involves immorality by people due to the need for money for example prostitution.

5.1.2. FINDINGS OF LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (NAMIREMBE- BAKULI AREA)

Findings revealed that low economic development is caused by low levels of investment, absence of meaningful economic activities, poverty itself leads to low economic development and there is also other factor except poverty that leads to low economic development. The above situation has affected the level of economic development whereby the youth lack meaningful economic activities like farming due to lack of trading skills where by they lack appropriate skills for trading, there is low investment climate because youth lack capital to invest, poor yields of animals are of poor breeds which can not empower economic development.

5.1.3. FINDINGS ON THE SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY AND LOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Findings came up with providing capital to youth in form of loans, educating the youth is also another technique of poverty control, birth control are all means of fighting poverty plus the government role to play as the ruling body. SACCOs have been put in place aiming at empowering youth and low levels of education which has provided a small opportunity for a few youth to go to school.

5.2 CONCLUSION

From the findings, there leading causes of poverty are mainly lack of employment, lack of education, and these reduce the progress and prosperity of the youth in Namirembe- Bakuli.

Low economic development is mainly brought about by absence of meaningful economic activities and low investment climate which hinders commerce and trade thereby leading to low economic development.

To reduce on the level of poverty and low economic development. The government should come in to support the youths through providing capital in form of loans so as to begin their own jobs.

Namirembe- Bakuli has the largest percentage of youths and a larger number of these are poor due to lack of employment and lack of meaningful activities which reduces efficiency in this area there by making the level of economic development to be low hence poverty.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

Adult education, proper housing and saccos should be introduced as the major weapon of fighting poverty because once one is educated all the rest just follow.

There should be strengthening of the police force so as deal with those who are involved in criminal activities like theft so as to provide security for people’s property.

The government should try to come in and help poor people through providing for them essential facilities like medical facilities.

5.4. Areas for further research.

A research can be done to find out what are the leading causes of poverty in many parts of Uganda and which people are affected most by poverty.

A study can be carried out to find how lack of capital, laziness leads to poverty and low economic development in Namirembe- Bakuli Lubaga Division.

A research can be conducted to find out the solutions and strategies that are to be developed so as to eliminate poverty.

REFERENCES

Vincent Edwards (1991) History of Poverty, British in the 20th century.

William Schweke (2008) Education and Economic Development, British in the 20th century.

Peter Alock (1998) Understanding poverty Macmilemillan

Mr. Suzir Mayanja Nsubuga. Daily Monitor Wednesday May 20, 2009

Kofi Anan (2001) Intentional Workshop on Education and Poverty Eradication Kampala Uganda

Global Poverty (2010) International Governance 2010 United States

Wiikipidia the free ecyclopedia (2000)

QUESTIONNAIRE

RESEARCH QUESTIONS TO THE YOUTH OF NAMIREMBE – BAKULI

I am a student of Makerere University researching about the factors that causes poverty and it brings about low economic development in Namirembe – Bakuli and the strategies which are to be laid down to combat the problems of poverty.

Objectives of the study

• To find out the causes of poverty and among youths of Namirembe – Bakuli

• To assess the level of economic development among the people of Namiembe Bakuli

• To provide solutions to the growing poverty which affects most people in Namirembe - Bakuli

You are kindly requested to fill this questionnaire so as to enable me gain the relevant information from the youth. The information provided is for academic purposes only.

SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTIC

(a) Gender

Male Female

(b) Age

11 – 20 21 – 30

(c) Marital status

Married Single

Divorced

(d) Education background

Primary Certificate

Secondary Diploma

Degree

SECTION B: Find out the causes of poverty

QUESTION STATEMENT OPTIONS

| |S.A |A |N |D.A |S.D.A |

|Poverty refers to a situation where people have limited | | | | | |

|resources | | | | | |

|Poverty leads to low economic development in your area | | | | | |

|Lack of capital also leads to poverty and low economic | | | | | |

|development | | | | | |

|Poverty is also caused by lack of education | | | | | |

|Poor planning of the leaders has increased poverty in the | | | | | |

|area | | | | | |

SECTION C: Causes of low economic development

QUESTION STATEMENT OPTIONS

| |S.A |A |N |D.A |S.D.A |

|Low levels of investment has led to increased low economic development | | | | | |

|Absence of meaningful economic activities has led to low economic | | | | | |

|development | | | | | |

|Providing capital inform of loans will boast economic development | | | | | |

|Low economic development has been brought by mainly poverty | | | | | |

|Also other factors lead to low economic development except poverty | | | | | |

SECTION D: Solutions to growing problems of poverty

| |S.A |A |N |D.A |S.D.A |

|Providing capital to youth in form of loans will fight poverty | | | | | |

|Educating the youth is also another techniques of poverty control | | | | | |

|Birth control is also another strategy of fighting poverty | | | | | |

|Reducing poverty and low economic development a responsibility of the | | | | | |

|government | | | | | |

|Are religions institutions have a role to play in reducing poverty and low | | | | | |

|economic development among the youth | | | | | |

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

S.A - Strongly Agree

A - Agree

N - None

D.A - Disagree

S.D.A - Strongly Disagree

Thank you for your cooperation

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