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Colonial AmericaThe Thirteen ColoniesLESSON 1The Pilgrim FathersThe Pilgrims were a group of English settlers who left Europe in search of religious freedom and a new way of life in America. Many of the Pilgrims were part of a religious group called Separatists because they wanted to "separate" from the Church of England and for this reason they were persecuted and sometimes put in jail for their beliefs. Other Pilgrims wanted to find adventure or a better life in the New World. They are called the Pilgrim Fathers.Setting Sail They left England aboard two ships: the Speedwell and the Mayflower. Soon after leaving England, the Speedwell began to leak and the Pilgrims had to return to port, where they embarked on the Mayflower and set sail for America on September 16, 1620. There were 102 passengers on the ship. Voyage on the Mayflower The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean was long and difficult. They ran out of fresh water and many people became sick. Storms also hit the ship so hard that they considered turning back. However, this didn’t happen and after two months, the Pilgrims finally reached land. The Mayflower.Mayflower Compact When the Pilgrims arrived in New England, they signed an agreement that is today called the Mayflower Compact. It declared that:the colonists were loyal to the King of England;they were Christians who served God; they would make fair laws; they would work for the good of the colony. The Mayflower Compact was signed by 41 men (no woman were allowed to sign). The men also voted John Carver to be the first governor of the colony. Signing the the Mayflower Compact.Plymouth Colony After arriving in America, the Pilgrims needed a good place to build a settlement. They eventually found a location they called Plymouth in what is now Massachusetts and built their village there. It had:a calm harbor for their ship;a river for fresh water;flat lands where they could plant crops. LESSON 2A Hard Winter The Pilgrims were happy to finally be in America, but life was difficult there. They arrived in November and they were not prepared for the cold winter. They quickly built a main common house and some small houses for each of the families, but, for a time, some people slept on the Mayflower. Many people got sick and died over the first winter. By the end of winter, only 47 settlers were still alive. Governor John Carver died that that Spring and William Bradford was elected the new governor. Early Map of Plymouth Colony Map of Plymouth Colony.Squanto and the Wampanoag The Pilgrims established a peace treaty with the Wampanoag peoples, the Native Americans that lived in the same area. One of them, Squanto, had traveled to Europe and could speak some English. He agreed to stay with the Pilgrims and taught them:how to plant corn;where to hunt and fish;how to survive through the winter. Squanto in a later illustration.Thanksgiving The Pilgrims held a feast after their first harvest in 1621. They invited some of the local Wampanoag people to join them. This feast is sometimes called the first Thanksgiving. This tradition is still alive in the USA. The first thanksgiving.The first Thanksgiving menuThe pilgrims probably ate:turkeys and wild birds (ducks, geese, swans), stuffed with herbs, onions and nuts;indigenous fruits such as raspberries, cranberries, blueberries, plums, grapes;vegetables (beans, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, carrots, peas);corn, which was plentiful at the first harvest;seafood (mussels, lobsters, oysters);mashed or roasted potatoes;a pumpkin pie.LESSON 3Other coloniesThe pilgrims were not the first European who settled down in North America. Other settlers from Spain, France, Sweden, Holland and England also arrived there. The first permanent settlement in North America was the English colony at Jamestown, founded in 1607, in what is now Virginia. Other English colonies were founded all along the Atlantic coast, from Maine in the north to Georgia in the south. Swedish and Dutch colonies took shape in and around what is now New York.New York, when it was called New Amsterdam.What is a colony?A colony is a region of land that is under the political control of another country, which is usually far away from the colony. It is founded and settled by people from the home country, but also from other countries. American colonies, for example, had settlers from all over Europe. The thirteen American colonies were established between 1607 (Virginia) and 1732 (Georgia). The colonies are often divided up into three regions:New England Colonies Middle ColoniesSouthern Colonies Connecticut (1636) Massachusetts Bay (1630)New Hampshire (1623)Rhode Island (1636)Delaware (1638)New Jersey (1664)New York (1626)Pennsylvania (1681)Georgia (1732)Maryland (1633)North Carolina (1663)South Carolina (1663)Virginia (1607)The colonies’ names Many of the colonies were named after the rulers of England: the Carolinas after King Charles I;Virginia after Queen Elizabeth, the Virgin queen;Georgia after King George II. Queen Elizabeth ICharles IGeorge IIMassachusetts was named after a local tribe of Native Americans. Some had the name of a European city or land: New York City was originally called New Amsterdam and was part of the Dutch colony of New Netherland.Why were the colonies established? Queen Elizabeth wanted to establish colonies in the Americas in order to grow the British Empire and to counter the Spanish. The English hoped to find wealth, create new jobs, and establish trade ports along the coast of the Americas. Many of the colonies were founded by religious groups looking for religious freedom. To sum it up, we can say that the colonies were founded for:political reasons;economical reasons;religious reasons.The thirteen colonies and the American flagToday the American flag consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, seven red alternating with 6 white. The stripes represent the original 13 colonies, the stars represent the 50 states of the Union. The Colonial Flag.The colors of the flag are symbolic as well: Red symbolizes Hardiness and Valor;White symbolizes Purity and Innocence;Blue represents Vigilance, Perseverance and Justice.This colors are also the colors of the British flag. ................
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