Service Guidance Package HUMAN RESOURCES AND TRAINING …

[Pages:142]Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package

HUMAN RESOURCES AND TRAINING

IN MENTAL HEALTH

ISBN 92 4 154659 X

World Health Organization

"Human resources are the most valuable asset of a mental health service. A mental health service relies on the competence and motivation of its personnel to promote mental health, prevent disorders and

provide care for people with mental disorders."

Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package

HUMAN RESOURCES AND TRAINING

IN MENTAL HEALTH

World Health Organization

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Human Resources and Training in Mental Health. (Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package)

1. Mental health services ? manpower 2. Health personnel ? organization and administration

3. Health personnel ? education 4. Health planning guidelines I. Title II. Series

ISBN 92 4 154659 X (NLM classification: WM 30)

Information concerning this publication can be obtained from: Dr Michelle Funk

Mental Health Policy and Service Development Team Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse

Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Cluster World Health Organization CH-1211, Geneva 27 Switzerland Tel: +41 22 791 3855 Fax: +41 22 791 4160 E-mail: funkm@who.int

? World Health Organization 2005

All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications ? whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution ? should be addressed to Marketing and Dissemination, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int).

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

Printed in China

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Acknowledgements

The Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package was produced under the direction of Dr Michelle Funk, Coordinator, Mental Health Policy and Service Development, and Dr Benedetto Saraceno, Director, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization. The World Health Organization gratefully acknowledges the work of Dr Crick Lund, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa, and Dr Soumitra Pathare, Consultant Psychiatrist, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India, in preparing this module.

Editorial and technical coordination group: Dr Michelle Funk (WHO/HQ), Ms Natalie Drew (WHO/HQ), Dr Margaret Grigg (WHO/HQ), Dr Benedetto Saraceno (WHO/HQ), Dr Joseph Bediako Asare, Director of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Ghana, Dr Stan Kutcher, Associate Dean, Clinical Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Dr Itzhak Levav, Mental Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel. Technical assistance: Dr Th?r?se Agossou, WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), Dr Jos? Miguel Caldas de Almeida, WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO), Dr S. Murthy, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Dr Matt Muijen, WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO), Dr Vijay Chandra, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO), Dr WANG Xiangdong, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) and Dr Tom Barrett (WHO/HQ). Administrative support: Ms Adeline Loo (WHO/HQ), Mrs Anne Yamada (WHO/HQ) and Mrs Razia Yaseen (WHO/HQ). Layout and graphic design: 2S ) graphicdesign Editor: Ms Praveen Bhalla

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WHO also wishes to thank the following people for their expert opinion and technical input to this module:

Dr Adel Hamid Afana Dr Julio Arboleda-Florez Dr Kathleen Allen-Ferdinand Dr Gavin Andrews Dr Dahlia Arsyad Almatsier Dr Bernard S. Arons Ms Karine Balyan Mrs Louise Blanchette Ms Susan Blyth

Mr Martin Brown Dr Claudina Cayetano Dr Leo de Graaf Dr Paolo Delvecchio

Dr Ma?ga Douma Dibo Professor Glen Edwards Professor Alan J. Flisher Dr Abra Fransch Professor Melvyn Freeman Mrs Diane Froggatt Dr Tesfamicael Ghebrehiwet Dr Jacqui Gough Professor Eric Kodjo Grunitzky Dr Gaston P. Harnois Professor Edvard Hauff Professor Helen Herrman Dr Ahmed Mohamed Heshmat Professor Frederick Hickling

Director, Training and Education Department, Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Gaza Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Director, Community Based Health Services, Ministry of Health, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety Disorders, (CRUFAD), Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia Psychiatrist, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA Public Health Adviser, the Netherlands Red Cross, Amsterdam, Netherlands Responsable du certificat de sant? mentale, Universit? de Montreal, Quebec, Canada Senior Clinical Psychologist Valkenberg Hospital, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa Chief Executive, Northern Centre for Mental Health, Durham, United Kingdom Ministry of Health, Belmopan, Belize President, Mental Health Europe, Brussels, Belgium Consumer advocate, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA), United States Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA Coordinator, Mental Health Programmes, Ministry of Health, Niamey, Niger Visiting Professor, Kobe University Medical School, Kobe, Japan Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa Regional Vice-President, World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa Executive Director, World Federation for Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders, Toronto, Canada Consultant, Nursing & Health Policy, International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Switzerland Project Manager, Mental Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand Coordinator of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Lom?, Togo Director, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, Quebec, Canada Professor of Transcultural Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Chief Technical Adviser, Team Leader, Mental Health Programme, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt Section of Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica

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Professor Assen Jablensky Professor Lars Jacobsson Ms Lilian Kanaiya Dr David Musau Kiima Mr Todd Krieble Dr Pirkko Lahti Dr Philippe Lehmann Dr Peter Lindley Prof. Juan J. L?pez-Ibor, Jr. Dr MA Hong Mr John Mayeya Dr Joseph Mbatia Dr Ritambhara Mehta Dr Alberto Minoletti Dr Yousuf K. Mirza Dr Paul Morgan Professor Driss Moussaoui Dr Carmine Munizza Dr Louise Newman Dr Olabisi Odejide

Mrs Judith Oulton Dr Rampersad Parasram Dr Vikram Patel

Dr Michel Perreault Dr Jan Pfeiffer Dr Malcolm Philip Dr Michael Phillips Dr Yogan Pillay Dr Pino Pini Professor Ashoka Prasad

School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Department of Psychiatry, University of Ume?, Ume?, Sweden Schizophrenia Foundation of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya Director, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand Executive Director, Finnish Association for Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland Swiss National Health Policy Project, Office f?d?ral de sant? publique, Bern, Switzerland The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom Past President, World Psychiatric Association, L?pez-Ibor Clinic, Madrid, Spain Consultant, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China Mental Health Specialist, Central Board of Health, Lusaka, Zambia Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania Associate Professor of Psychiatry, New Civil Hospital Campus, Majura Gate, Surat, India Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile Senior Consultant and Head of Psychiatric Services, Ministry of Health, Oman SANE, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Psychiatry, University of Casablanca, Morocco Centro Studi e Ricerche in Psichiatria, Turin, Italy Director, New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry, Parramatta, Sydney, Australia Director, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Nigeria Chief Executive Officer, International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Switzerland Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago Senior Lecturer, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and Chairperson, The Sangath Society, Goa, India Senior Researcher, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, Quebec, Canada Centre for Mental Health Care Development, Prague, Czech Republic The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China Equity Project, Pretoria, South Africa Associazione Italiana per la Salute Mentale, Florence, Italy Ministry of Health, Mahe, Seychelles

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Professor David Richards

Dr Agnes E. Rupp

Dr Torleif Ruud Dr Mirja Sevon Professor SHEN Yucun Professor Naotake Shinfuku Dr Carole Siegel Ms Inkeri Siekkinen Dr Vesna Svab Dr Giuseppe Tibaldi Dr Laksono Trisnantoro Dr Bogdana Tudorache Dr Roberto Tykanori-Kinoshita Prof. Chantal Van Audenhove Mrs Pascale Van den Heede Mrs Jos?e Van Remoortel Mrs WAN Deborah Dr Danny Wedding Dr Ray G. Xerri Dr ZOU Yizhuang

Professor of Mental Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom Senior Research Economist and Chief, Mental Health Economics Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA SINTEF, Department for Mental Health Services Research, Oslo, Norway President, Finnish Association for Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland Director, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Medical University, China Medical School, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Human Resource Department, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt President, Slovenian Association for Mental Health (SENT), Ljubljana, Slovenia Centro Studi e Ricerche in Psichiatria, Turin, Italy Gadjah Mada University Medical School, Yogyakarta, Indonesia President, Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania Psychiatrist, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil LUCAS, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium Executive Director, Mental Health Europe, Brussels, Belgium Senior Policy Adviser, Mental Health Europe, Brussels, Belgium Chief Executive Officer, New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association, Hong Kong, China Director, Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, MO, USA Director, Policy and Planning, Department of Health, Floriana, Malta Director of Chinese Mental Health Network, Vice Director of Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Standing Committee & Scientific Secretary of Chinese Society of Psychiatry, Editorial Standing Committee member of Chinese Journal of Psychiatry, Beijing, China

WHO also wishes to acknowledge the generous financial support of the Governments of Italy, the Netherlands and New Zealand, as well as the Eli Lilly and Company Foundation and the Johnson and Johnson Corporate Social Responsibility, Europe.

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